1
|
Fu L, Li L, Bian Q, Xue B, Jin J, Li J, Cao Y, Jiang Q, Li H. Cartilage-like protein hydrogels engineered via entanglement. Nature 2023; 618:740-747. [PMID: 37344650 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Load-bearing tissues, such as muscle and cartilage, exhibit high elasticity, high toughness and fast recovery, but have different stiffness (with cartilage being significantly stiffer than muscle)1-8. Muscle achieves its toughness through finely controlled forced domain unfolding-refolding in the muscle protein titin, whereas articular cartilage achieves its high stiffness and toughness through an entangled network comprising collagen and proteoglycans. Advancements in protein mechanics and engineering have made it possible to engineer titin-mimetic elastomeric proteins and soft protein biomaterials thereof to mimic the passive elasticity of muscle9-11. However, it is more challenging to engineer highly stiff and tough protein biomaterials to mimic stiff tissues such as cartilage, or develop stiff synthetic matrices for cartilage stem and progenitor cell differentiation12. Here we report the use of chain entanglements to significantly stiffen protein-based hydrogels without compromising their toughness. By introducing chain entanglements13 into the hydrogel network made of folded elastomeric proteins, we are able to engineer highly stiff and tough protein hydrogels, which seamlessly combine mutually incompatible mechanical properties, including high stiffness, high toughness, fast recovery and ultrahigh compressive strength, effectively converting soft protein biomaterials into stiff and tough materials exhibiting mechanical properties close to those of cartilage. Our study provides a general route towards engineering protein-based, stiff and tough biomaterials, which will find applications in biomedical engineering, such as osteochondral defect repair, and material sciences and engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linglan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Bian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bin Xue
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yi Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chitosan coatings with distinct innate immune bioactivities differentially stimulate angiogenesis, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in poly-caprolactone scaffolds with controlled interconnecting pore size. Bioact Mater 2021; 10:430-442. [PMID: 34901558 PMCID: PMC8636821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested whether osseous integration into poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) bioplastic scaffolds with fully-interconnecting 155 ± 8 μm pores is enhanced by an adhesive, non-inflammatory 99% degree of deacetylation (DDA) chitosan coating (99-PCL), or further incorporation of pro-inflammatory 83% DDA chitosan microparticles (83-99-PCL) to accelerate angiogenesis. New Zealand White rabbit osteochondral knee defects were press-fit with PCL, 99-PCL, 83-99-PCL, or allowed to bleed (drill-only). Between day 1 and 6 weeks of repair, drill-only defects repaired by endochondral ossification, with an 8-fold higher bone volume fraction (BVF) versus initial defects, compared to a 2-fold (99-PCL), 1.1-fold (PCL), or 0.4-fold (83-99-PCL) change in BVF. Hematoma innate immune cells swarmed to 83-99-PCL, elicited angiogenesis throughout the pores and induced slight bone resorption. PCL and 99-PCL pores were variably filled with cartilage or avascular mesenchyme near the bone plate, or angiogenic mesenchyme into which repairing trabecular bone infiltrated up to 1 mm deep. More repair cartilage covered the 99-PCL scaffold (65%) than PCL (18%) or 83-99-PCL (0%) (p < 0.005). We report the novel finding that non-inflammatory chitosan coatings promoted cartilage infiltration into and over a bioplastic scaffold, and were compatible with trabecular bone integration. This study also revealed that in vitro osteogenesis assays have limited ability to predict osseous integration into porous scaffolds, because (1) in vivo, woven bone integrates from the leading edge of regenerating trabecular bone and not from mesenchymal cells adhering to scaffold surfaces, and (2) bioactive coatings that attract inflammatory cells induce bone resorption. Porous polycaprolactone scaffolds elicited drawn-out osteochondral wound repair. Regenerating trabecular bone only infiltrated angiogenic mesenchyme free of inflammatory cells. 83% DDA chitosan stimulated sterile inflammatory angiogenesis and trabecular bone resorption. 99% DDA chitosan coatings promoted chondrogenesis inside and over the PCL articular surface.
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo JL, Kim YS, Orchard EA, van den Beucken JJ, Jansen JA, Wong ME, Mikos AG. A Rabbit Femoral Condyle Defect Model for Assessment of Osteochondral Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 26:554-564. [PMID: 33050806 PMCID: PMC7698983 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue repair represents a common clinical need, with multiple approaches in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine being investigated for the repair of defects of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. A full thickness rabbit femoral condyle defect is a clinically relevant model of an articulating and load bearing joint surface for the investigation of osteochondral tissue repair by various cell-, biomolecule-, and biomaterial-based implants. In this protocol, we describe the methodology and 1.5- to 2-h surgical procedure for the generation of a reproducible, full thickness defect for construct implantation in the rabbit medial femoral condyle. Furthermore, we describe a step-by-step procedure for osteochondral tissue collection and the assessment of tissue formation using standardized histological, radiological, mechanical, and biochemical analytical techniques. This protocol illustrates the critical steps for reproducibility and minimally invasive surgery as well as applications to evaluate the efficacy of cartilage and bone tissue engineering implants, with emphasis on the usage of histological and radiological measures of tissue growth. Impact statement Although multiple surgical techniques have been developed for the treatment of osteochondral defects, repairing the tissues to their original state remains an unmet need. Such limitations have thus prompted the development of various constructs for osteochondral tissue regeneration. An in vivo model that is both clinically relevant and economically practical is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of different tissue engineered constructs. In this article, we present a full thickness rabbit femoral condyle defect model and describe the analytical techniques to assess the regeneration of osteochondral tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason L. Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yu Seon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - John A. Jansen
- Department of Dentistry-Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark E. Wong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boushell MK, Mosher CZ, Suri GK, Doty SB, Strauss EJ, Hunziker EB, Lu HH. Polymeric mesh and insulin-like growth factor 1 delivery enhance cell homing and graft-cartilage integration. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1442:138-152. [PMID: 30985969 PMCID: PMC7596880 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage injury, such as full-thickness lesions, predisposes patients to the premature development of osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease. While surgical management of cartilage lesions has improved, long-term clinical efficacy has stagnated, owing to the lack of hyaline cartilage regeneration and inadequate graft-host integration. This study tests the hypothesis that integration of cartilage grafts with native cartilage can be improved by enhancing the migration of chondrocytes across the graft-host interface via the release of chemotactic factor from a degradable polymeric mesh. To this end, a polylactide-co-glycolide/poly-ε-caprolactone mesh was designed to localize the delivery of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a well-established chondrocyte attractant. The release of IGF-1 (100 ng/mg) enhanced cell migration from cartilage explants, and the mesh served as critical structural support for cell adhesion, growth, and production of a cartilaginous matrix in vitro, which resulted in increased integration strength compared with mesh-free repair. Further, this neocartilage matrix was structurally contiguous with native and grafted cartilage when tested in an osteochondral explant model in vivo. These results demonstrate that this combined approach of a cell homing factor and supportive matrix will promote cell-mediated integrative cartilage repair and improve clinical outcomes of cartilage grafts in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret K. Boushell
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Gurbani K. Suri
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Stephen B. Doty
- Analytical Microscopy Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Eric J. Strauss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ernst B. Hunziker
- Department of BioMedical Research, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helen H. Lu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pfeifer CG, Fisher MB, Saxena V, Kim M, Henning EA, Steinberg DA, Dodge GR, Mauck RL. Age-Dependent Subchondral Bone Remodeling and Cartilage Repair in a Minipig Defect Model. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:745-753. [PMID: 28747146 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
After cartilage injury and repair, the subchondral bone plate remodels. Skeletal maturity likely impacts both bone remodeling and inherent cartilage repair capacity. The objective of this study was to evaluate subchondral bone remodeling as a function of injury type, repair scenario, and skeletal maturity in a Yucatan minipig model. Cartilage defects (4 mm) were created bilaterally in the trochlear groove. Treatment conditions included a full thickness chondral defect (full chondral defect, n = 3 adult/3 juvenile), a partial thickness (∼50%) chondral defect (PCD, n = 3/3), and FCD treated with microfracture (MFX, n = 3/3). At 6 weeks postoperatively, osteochondral samples containing the lesion site were imaged by micro-computed tomography (CT) and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Via micro-CT, FCD and MFX groups showed increased bone loss in juveniles compared with adults. Quantification of histology using the ICRS II scoring system showed equal overall assessment for the FCD groups and better overall assessment in juvenile animals treated with MFX compared with adults. All FCD and MFX groups were inferior to control samples. For the PCD injury, both age groups had values close to the control values. For the FCD groups, there were greater alterations in the subchondral bone in juveniles compared with adults. Staining for collagen II showed more intense signals in juvenile FCD and MFX groups compared with adults. This large animal study of cartilage repair shows the significant impact of skeletal maturity on the propensity of subchondral bone to remodel as a result of chondral injury. This will improve selection criteria for animal models for studying cartilage injury, repair, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Pfeifer
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2 Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center , Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthew B Fisher
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2 Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vishal Saxena
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2 Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Minwook Kim
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2 Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,4 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth A Henning
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2 Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,4 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Steinberg
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2 Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - George R Dodge
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2 Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,5 Collaborative Research Partner (CRP), Acute Cartilage Injury (ACI) Program of the AO Foundation , Davos, Switzerland
| | - Robert L Mauck
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2 Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,4 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,5 Collaborative Research Partner (CRP), Acute Cartilage Injury (ACI) Program of the AO Foundation , Davos, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Wu S, Naccarato T, Prakash-Damani M, Chou Y, Chu CQ, Zhu Y. Regeneration of hyaline-like cartilage in situ with SOX9 stimulation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180138. [PMID: 28666028 PMCID: PMC5493350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfracture, a common procedure for treatment of cartilage injury, induces fibrocartilage repair by recruiting bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to the site of cartilage injury. However, fibrocartilage is inferior biomechanically to hyaline cartilage. SRY-type high-mobility group box-9 (SOX9) is a master regulator of chondrogenesis by promoting proliferation and differentiation of MSC into chondrocytes. In this study we aimed to test the therapeutic potential of cell penetrating recombinant SOX9 protein in regeneration of hyaline cartilage in situ at the site of cartilage injury. We generated a recombinant SOX9 protein which was fused with super positively charged green fluorescence protein (GFP) (scSOX9) to facilitate cell penetration. scSOX9 was able to induce chondrogenesis of bone marrow derived MSC in vitro. In a rabbit cartilage injury model, scSOX9 in combination with microfracture significantly improved quality of repaired cartilage as shown by macroscopic appearance. Histological analysis revealed that the reparative tissue induced by microfracture with scSOX9 had features of hyaline cartilage; and collagen type II to type I ratio was similar to that in normal cartilage. This short term in vivo study demonstrated that when administered at the site of microfracture, scSOX9 was able to induce reparative tissue with features of hyaline cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Section of Rheumatology, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Shili Wu
- VivoScript, Inc, Costa Mesa, CA, United States of America
| | - Ty Naccarato
- VivoScript, Inc, Costa Mesa, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Yuan Chou
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Section of Rheumatology, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Cong-Qiu Chu
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Section of Rheumatology, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CQC); (YZ)
| | - Yong Zhu
- VivoScript, Inc, Costa Mesa, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CQC); (YZ)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Higa K, Kitamura N, Goto K, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, Kanaya F, Yasuda K. Effects of osteochondral defect size on cartilage regeneration using a double-network hydrogel. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:210. [PMID: 28532476 PMCID: PMC5440932 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been increased interest in one-step cell-free procedures to avoid the problems related to cell manipulation and its inherent disadvantages. We have studied the chondrogenic induction ability of a PAMPS/PDMAAm double-network (DN) gel and found it to induce chondrogenesis in animal osteochondral defect models. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the healing process and the degree of cartilage regeneration induced by the cell-free method using DN gel are influenced by the size of osteochondral defects. Methods A total of 63 mature female Japanese white rabbits were used in this study, randomly divided into 3 groups of 21 rabbits each. A 2.5-mm diameter osteochondral defect was created in the femoral trochlea of the patellofemoral joint of bilateral knees in Group I, a 4.3-mm osteochondral defect in Group II, and a 5.8-mm osteochondral defect in Group III. In the right knee of each animal, a DN gel plug was implanted so that a vacant space of 2-mm depth was left above the plug. In the left knee, we did not conduct any treatment to obtain control data. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 12 weeks after surgery, and gross and histological evaluations were made. Results The present study demonstrated that all sizes of the DN gel implanted defects as well as the 2.5mm untreated defects showed cartilage regeneration at 4 and 12 weeks. The 4.3-mm and 5.8-mm untreated defects did not show cartilage regeneration during the 12-week period. The quantitative score reported by O’Driscoll et al. was significantly higher in the 4.3-mm and 5.8-mm DN gel-implanted defects than the untreated defects at 4 and 12 weeks (p < 0.05). The 2.5-mm and 4.3-mm DN gel implanted defects maintained relatively high macroscopic and histological scores for the 12-week implantation period, while the histological score of the 5.8-mm DN gel implanted defect had decreased somewhat but statistically significantly at 12 weeks (p = 0.0057). Conclusions The DN gel induced cartilage regeneration in defects between 2.5 and 5.8 mm, offering a promising device to establish a cell-free cartilage regeneration therapy and applicable to various sizes of osteochondral defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Higa
- Department of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nobuto Kitamura
- Department of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan. .,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Keiko Goto
- Department of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kurokawa
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yasuda
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Merlin Rajesh Lal LP, Suraishkumar GK, Nair PD. Chitosan-agarose scaffolds supports chondrogenesis of Human Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1845-1855. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. P. Merlin Rajesh Lal
- Department of Biotechnology; IIT Madras; Chennai Tamil Nadu 600036 India
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies; Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology; BMT Wing Trivandrum Kerala 695012 India
| | - G. K. Suraishkumar
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies; Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology; BMT Wing Trivandrum Kerala 695012 India
| | - Prabha D. Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies; Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology; BMT Wing Trivandrum Kerala 695012 India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kitamura N, Yokota M, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, Yasuda K. In vivo cartilage regeneration induced by a double-network hydrogel: Evaluation of a novel therapeutic strategy for femoral articular cartilage defects in a sheep model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2159-65. [PMID: 27087198 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish the efficacy of a therapeutic strategy for an articular cartilage defect using a poly-(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid)/poly-(N,N'-dimethyl acrylamide) DN gel in a sheep model. Seventeen mature sheep were used in this study. We created a 6.0-mm osteochondral defect in the femoral trochlea of the patellofemoral (PF) joint and the medial condyle of the tibiofemoral (TF) joint. A cylindrical DN gel plug was implanted into the defect of the right knee so that a vacant space of the planned depths of 2.0 mm in group I, 3.0 mm in group II, and 4.0 mm in group III were left. In the left knee, we created a defect with the same depth as the right knee. The regenerated tissues were evaluated with the O'Driscoll score and real-time PCR analysis of the cartilage marker genes at 12 weeks. The DN gel implanted defect of group II in the PF and TF joints was completely filled with a sufficient volume of the proteoglycan-rich tissue stained with Safranin-O. The score showed that group II was significantly greater than groups I and III when treated with DN gel in the PF joint (p = 0.0441, p = 0.0174, respectively) and in the TF joint (p = 0.0019, p = 0.0006, respectively). This study has clarified the short-term efficacy of the cartilage regeneration strategy using the DN gel in a sheep model. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2159-2165, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuto Kitamura
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Yokota
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kurokawa
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yasuda
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vilela CA, Correia C, Oliveira JM, Sousa RA, Espregueira-Mendes J, Reis RL. Cartilage Repair Using Hydrogels: A Critical Review of in Vivo Experimental Designs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:726-739. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Vilela
- 3B’s
Research Group, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Life
and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Orthopaedic
Department, Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - C. Correia
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J. M. Oliveira
- 3B’s
Research Group, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - R. A. Sousa
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J. Espregueira-Mendes
- 3B’s
Research Group, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Life
and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Clínica
do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - R. L. Reis
- 3B’s
Research Group, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s−PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sato E, Ando T, Ichikawa J, Okita G, Sato N, Wako M, Ohba T, Ochiai S, Hagino T, Jacobson R, Haro H. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid increases the differentiation potential of the murine chondrocytic ATDC5 cell line. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:1619-27. [PMID: 25196420 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a group of common, chronic, and painful inflammatory joint diseases. One important finding in OA patients is a remarkable decrease in the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the synovial fluid of affected joints. Therapeutic HA is available to patients in most parts of the world as a viscosupplementation product for the treatment of OA. Previous clinical reports show that high molecular weight HA (HMWHA) more effectively relieves pain than low molecular weight HA (LMWHA). However, the mechanism behind this finding remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether a LMWHA (Low-0.9 MDa) and two types of HMWHA (High-1.9 MDa and 6 MDa) differentially affected chondroregulatory action. We tested this using ATDC5 cell, a murine chondrocytic cell line widely used in culture systems to study chondrogenic differentiation. We found that HMWHA, especially hylan G-F 20 (High-6 MDa), significantly induced aggrecan and proteoglycan accumulation, nodule formation, and mRNA expression of chondrogenic differentiation markers in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, we showed that HMWHA prevented TNF-α induced inhibition of chondrogenic differentiation, with no effect on cell proliferation or viability. These results reveal that HMWHA significantly promotes chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells in vitro, and suggest that HMWHA plays a significant chondroregulatory role in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kikyougahara Hospital, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kitamura N, Kurokawa T, Fukui T, Gong JP, Yasuda K. Hyaluronic acid enhances the effect of the PAMPS/PDMAAm double-network hydrogel on chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:222. [PMID: 24997593 PMCID: PMC4107725 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A double-network (DN) gel, which was composed of poly-(2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) and poly-(N,N’-dimethyl acrylamide) (PAMPS/PDMAAm), has the potential to induce chondrogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. The present study investigated whether DN gel induced chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells in a maintenance medium without insulin, and whether supplementation of hyaluronic acid enhanced the chondrogenic differentiation effect of DN gel. Methods ATDC5 cells were cultured on the DN gel and the polystyrene (PS) dish in maintenance media without insulin for 21 days. Hyaluronic acid having a molecular weight of approximately 800 kDa was supplemented into the medium so that the concentration became 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/mL. The cultured cells were evaluated using immunocytochemistry for type-2 collagen and real time PCR for gene expression of type-2 collagen, aggrecan, and Sox9 at 7 and 21 days of culture. Results The cells cultured on the DN gel formed nodules and were stained with an anti-type-2 collagen antibody, and expression of type-2 collagen and aggrecan mRNA was significantly greater on the DN gel than on the PS dish surface (p < 0.05) in the hyaluronic acid-free maintenance medium. Hyaluronic acid supplementation of a high concentration (1.0 mg/mL) significantly enhanced expression of type-2 collagen and aggrecan mRNA in comparison with culture without hyaluronic acid at 21 days (p < 0.05). Conclusions The DN gel induced chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells without insulin. This effect was significantly affected by hyaluronic acid, depending on the level of concentration. There is a high possibility that hyaluronic acid plays an important role in the in vivo hyaline cartilage regeneration phenomenon induced by the DN gel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuto Kitamura
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fukui T, Kitamura N, Kurokawa T, Yokota M, Kondo E, Gong JP, Yasuda K. Intra-articular administration of hyaluronic acid increases the volume of the hyaline cartilage regenerated in a large osteochondral defect by implantation of a double-network gel. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:1173-1182. [PMID: 24394983 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Implantation of PAMPS/PDMAAm double-network (DN) gel can induce hyaline cartilage regeneration in the osteochondral defect. However, it is a problem that the volume of the regenerated cartilage tissue is gradually reduced at 12 weeks. This study investigated whether intra-articular administration of hyaluronic acid (HA) increases the volume of the cartilage regenerated with the DN gel at 12 weeks. A total of 48 rabbits were used in this study. A cylindrical osteochondral defect created in the bilateral femoral trochlea was treated with DN gel (Group DN) or left without any implantation (Group C). In both Groups, we injected 1.0 mL of HA in the left knee, and 1.0 mL of saline solution in the right knee. Quantitative histological evaluations were performed at 2, 4, and 12 weeks, and PCR analysis was performed at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. In Group DN, the proteoglycan-rich area was significantly greater in the HA-injected knees than in the saline-injected knees at 12 weeks (P = 0.0247), and expression of type 2 collagen, aggrecan, and Sox9 mRNAs was significantly greater in the HA-injected knees than in the saline-injected knees at 2 weeks (P = 0.0475, P = 0.0257, P = 0.0222, respectively). The intra-articular administration of HA significantly enhanced these gene expression at 2 weeks and significantly increased the volume of the hyaline cartilage regenerated by implantation of a DN gel at 12 weeks. This information is important to develop an additional method to increase the volume of the hyaline cartilage tissue in a potential cartilage regeneration strategy using the DN gel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Fukui
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kwon HJ, Yasuda K, Gong JP, Ohmiya Y. Polyelectrolyte hydrogels for replacement and regeneration of biological tissues. Macromol Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-014-2045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
15
|
Oligo[poly(ethylene glycol)fumarate] hydrogel enhances osteochondral repair in porcine femoral condyle defects. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2013; 471:1174-85. [PMID: 22826014 PMCID: PMC3586016 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-012-2487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of osteochondritis dissecans remains a challenge. Use of oligo[poly(ethylene glycol)fumarate] (OPF) hydrogel scaffold alone has been reported in osteochondral defect repair in small animal models. However, preclinical evaluation of usage of this scaffold alone as a treatment strategy is limited. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We therefore (1) determined in vitro pore size and mechanical stiffness of freeze-dried and rehydrated freeze-dried OPF hydrogels, respectively; (2) assessed in vivo gross defect filling percentage and histologic findings in defects implanted with rehydrated freeze-dried hydrogels for 2 and 4 months in a porcine model; (3) analyzed highly magnified histologic sections for different types of cartilage repair tissues, subchondral bone, and scaffold; and (4) assessed neotissue filling percentage, cartilage phenotype, and Wakitani scores. METHODS We measured pore size of freeze-dried OPF hydrogel scaffolds and mechanical stiffness of fresh and rehydrated forms. Twenty-four osteochondral defects from 12 eight-month-old micropigs were equally divided into scaffold and control (no scaffold) groups. Gross and histologic examination, one-way ANOVA, and one-way Mann-Whitney U test were performed at 2 and 4 months postoperatively. RESULTS Pore sizes ranged from 20 to 433 μm in diameter. Rehydrated freeze-dried scaffolds had mechanical stiffness of 1 MPa. The scaffold itself increased percentage of neotissue filling at both 2 and 4 months to 58% and 54%, respectively, with hyaline cartilage making up 39% of neotissue at 4 months. CONCLUSIONS Rehydrated freeze-dried OPF hydrogel can enhance formation of hyaline-fibrocartilaginous mixed repair tissue of osteochondral defects in a porcine model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Rehydrated freeze-dried OPF hydrogel alone implanted into cartilage defects is insufficient to generate a homogeneously hyaline cartilage repair tissue, but its spacer effect can be enhanced by other tissue-regenerating mediators.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yoshikawa K, Kitamura N, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, Nohara Y, Yasuda K. Hyaluronic acid affects the in vitro induction effects of synthetic PAMPS and PDMAAm hydrogels on chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells, depending on the level of concentration. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:56. [PMID: 23379610 PMCID: PMC3598980 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been a common belief that articular cartilage tissue cannot regenerate in vivo. Recently, however, we have found that spontaneous hyaline cartilage regeneration can be induced in vivo by implanting a synthetic double-network (DN) hydrogel, which is composed of poly-(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and poly-(N,N'-dimethyl acrylamide) (PDMAAm). However, the mechanism of this phenomenon has not been clarified. Recently, we have found that single-network PAMPS and PDMAAm gels can induce chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells in vitro even in a maintenance medium. In the in vivo condition, there is a strong possibility that the induction effect of the gel itself is enhanced by some molecules which exist in the joint. We have noticed that the joint fluid naturally contains hyaluronic acid (HA). The purpose of this study is to clarify in vitro effects of supplementation of HA on the differentiation effect of the PAMPS and PDMAAm gels. METHODS We cultured the ATDC5 cells on the PAMPS gel, the PDMAAm gel, and the polystyrene (PS) dish surface with the maintenance medium without insulin for 7 days. HA having a molecular weight of approximately 800 kDa was supplemented into the medium so that the concentration became 0.00, 0.01, 0.10, or 1.00 mg/mL. We evaluated the cultured cells with phase-contrast microscopy and PCR analyses. RESULTS On the PAMPS gel, supplementation with HA of 0.01 and 0.10 mg/mL significantly increased expression of type-2 collagen mRNA (p = 0.0008 and p = 0.0413) and aggrecan mRNA (p = 0.0073 and p = 0.0196) than that without HA. On the PDMAAm gel, supplementation with HA of 1.00 mg/mL significantly reduced expression of these genes in comparison with the culture without HA (p = 0.0426 and p = 0.0218). CONCLUSIONS The in vitro induction effects of the PAMPS and PDMAAm gels on chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells are significantly affected by HA, depending on the level of concentration. These results suggested that there is a high possibility that HA plays an important role in the in vivo spontaneous hyaline cartilage regeneration phenomenon induced by the PAMPS/PDMAAm DN gel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Yoshikawa
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Matsuda H, Kitamura N, Kurokawa T, Arakaki K, Gong JP, Kanaya F, Yasuda K. Influence of the gel thickness on in vivo hyaline cartilage regeneration induced by double-network gel implanted at the bottom of a large osteochondral defect: short-term results. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:50. [PMID: 23369101 PMCID: PMC3564809 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A double-network (DN) gel, which is composed of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) and poly(N,N'-dimethyl acrylamide), can induce hyaline cartilage regeneration in vivo in a large osteochondral defect. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of the thickness of the implanted DN gel on the induction ability of hyaline cartilage regeneration. METHODS Thirty-eight mature rabbits were used in this study. We created an osteochondral defect having a diameter of 4.3-mm in the patellofemoral joint. The knees were randomly divided into 4 groups (Group I: 0.5-mm thick gel, Group II: 1.0-mm thick gel, Group III: 5.0-mm thick gel, and Group IV: untreated control). Animals in each group were further divided into 3 sub-groups depending on the gel implant position (2.0-, 3.0-, or 4.0-mm depth from the articular surface) in the defect. The regenerated tissues were evaluated with the Wayne's gross and histological grading scales and real time PCR analysis of the cartilage marker genes at 4 weeks. RESULTS According to the total Wayne's score, when the depth of the final vacant space was set at 2.0 mm, the scores in Groups I, II, and III were significantly greater than that Group IV (p<0.05), although there were no significant differences between Groups I and IV at a 3.0-mm deep vacant space. The expression levels of type-2 collagen in Groups II and III were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in Group IV. CONCLUSIONS The 1.0-mm thick DN gel sheet had the same ability to induce hyaline cartilage regeneration as the 5.0-mm thick DN gel plug. However, the induction ability of the 0.5-mm thick sheet was significantly lower when compared with the 1.0-mm thick gel sheet. The 1.0-mm DN gel sheet is a promising device to establish a cell-free cartilage regeneration strategy that minimizes bone loss from the gel implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Matsuda
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ganesh N, Hanna C, Nair SV, Nair LS. Enzymatically cross-linked alginic-hyaluronic acid composite hydrogels as cell delivery vehicles. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 55:289-94. [PMID: 23357799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An injectable composite gel was developed from alginic and hyaluronic acid. The enzymatically cross-linked injectable gels were prepared via the oxidative coupling of tyramine modified sodium algiante and sodium hyaluronate in the presence of horse radish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The composite gels were prepared by mixing equal parts of the two tyraminated polymer solutions in 10U HRP and treating with 1.0% H2O2. The properties of the alginate gels were significantly affected by the addition of hyaluronic acid. The percentage water absorption and storage modulus of the composite gels were found to be lower than the alginate gels. The alginate and composite gels showed lower protein release compared to hyaluronate gels in the absence of hyaluronidase. Even hyaluronate gels showed only approximately 10% protein release after 14 days incubation in phosphate buffer solution. ATDC-5 cells encapsulated in the injectable gels showed high cell viability. The composite gels showed the presence of enlarged spherical cells with significantly higher metabolic activity compared to cells in hyaluronic and alginic acid gels. The results suggest the potential of the composite approach to develop covalently cross-linked hydrogels with tuneable physical, mechanical, and biological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitya Ganesh
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tochigi Y, Buckwalter JA, Brown TD. Toward improved clinical relevance of cartilage insult models in the rabbit knee: surgical access to the habitual weight-bearing region. THE IOWA ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL 2013; 33:196-201. [PMID: 24027483 PMCID: PMC3748880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article addresses considerations for using a posterior (popliteal) instead of anterior (para-patellar) approach for experimental insult to the rabbit knee medial femoral condyle (MFC) surface in vivo. The posterior approach is particularly advantageous when intending to address the pathomechanisms of OA associated with habitual cartilage loading, or the efficacy of a cartilage repair method, in a clinically relevant experimental setting. DESIGN Studies using anterior versus posterior approaches for such purposes in survival rabbit models of the MFC articular surface insults were systematically surveyed. The anterior-posterior span of the primary weight-bearing region of that surface was demonstrated cadaverically. RESULTS Of a total of 31 papers identified in 2007-2012, an anterior approach was utilized in 28 studies (> 90%). More than half (17/28) explicitly regarded the cranial half (inferior aspect) of the MFC surface as being a "weight-bearing" region. The insult site through anterior approach (identified in figures) was located in the cranial half region in all cases. Cadaverically, however, the center of habitual tibio-femoral contact locations on the MFC surface was located in the caudal half region (posterior aspect) of the MFC surface. The majority of the habitual contact region was accessible only by a posterior surgical approach. CONCLUSION For the above-noted purposes, use of a posterior (popliteal) approach, rather than an anterior approach, is highly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tochigi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa
| | | | - Thomas D. Brown
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, and Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Orth P, Cucchiarini M, Kaul G, Ong MF, Gräber S, Kohn DM, Madry H. Temporal and spatial migration pattern of the subchondral bone plate in a rabbit osteochondral defect model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:1161-9. [PMID: 22771776 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Upward migration of the subchondral bone plate is associated with osteochondral repair. The aim of this study was to quantitatively monitor the sequence of subchondral bone plate advancement in a lapine model of spontaneous osteochondral repair over a 1-year period and to correlate these findings with articular cartilage repair. DESIGN Standardized cylindrical osteochondral defects were created in the rabbit trochlear groove. Subchondral bone reconstitution patterns were identified at five time points. Migration of the subchondral bone plate and areas occupied by osseous repair tissue were determined by histomorphometrical analysis. Tidemark formation and overall cartilage repair were correlated with the histomorphometrical parameters of the subchondral bone. RESULTS The subchondral bone reconstitution pattern was cylindrical at 3 weeks, infundibuliform at 6 weeks, plane at 4 and 6 months, and hypertrophic after 1 year. At this late time point, the osteochondral junction advanced 0.19 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.10-0.30] mm above its original level. Overall articular cartilage repair was significantly improved by 4 and 6 months but degraded after 1 year. Subchondral bone plate migration correlated with tidemark formation (r = 0.47; P < 0.0001), but not with the overall score of the repair cartilage (r = 0.11; P > 0.44). CONCLUSIONS The subchondral bone plate is reconstituted in a distinct chronological order. The lack of correlation suggests that articular cartilage repair and subchondral bone reconstitution proceed at a different pace and that the advancement of the subchondral bone plate is not responsible for the diminished articular cartilage repair in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Orth
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Miot-Noirault E, Guicheux J, Vidal A, Gauthier O, Auzeloux P, Lesoeur J, Cachin F, Askienazy S, Chezal JM, Vinatier C. In vivo experimental imaging of osteochondral defects and their healing using (99m)Tc-NTP 15-5 radiotracer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012; 39:1169-72. [PMID: 22398956 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-012-2081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A rabbit model of osteochondral defects (OD) and spontaneous healing was longitudinally followed over 12 weeks, by in vivo joint scintigraphy using (99m)Tc-NTP 15-5, and histology. METHODS We used two models, one with one OD (OD1 group) in the femoral condyle of one knee and the other with two ODs (OD2 group) in the femoral condyle of one knee, with the contralateral knees serving as the reference. A serial longitudinal imaging study was performed with the scintigraphic ratio (SR, operated knee uptake/contralateral knee uptake) determined at each time-point. RESULTS ODs were imaged as radioactive defects. The SR was decreased with respective to controls, with values of 0.73 ± 0.08 and 0.65 ± 0.07 in the OD1 and OD2 groups, respectively, at 4 weeks after surgery. Histology of both OD groups revealed the presence of repair tissue characterized by a small amount of sulphated glycosaminoglycans and collagen. CONCLUSION (99m)Tc-NTP 15-5 imaging provided quantitative criteria useful for in vivo evaluation of cartilage trauma and healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Miot-Noirault
- UMR 990 INSERM, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Imabuchi R, Ohmiya Y, Kwon HJ, Onodera S, Kitamura N, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, Yasuda K. Gene expression profile of the cartilage tissue spontaneously regenerated in vivo by using a novel double-network gel: comparisons with the normal articular cartilage. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2011; 12:213. [PMID: 21955995 PMCID: PMC3192715 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-12-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have recently found a phenomenon that spontaneous regeneration of a hyaline cartilage-like tissue can be induced in a large osteochondral defect by implanting a double-network (DN) hydrogel plug, which was composed of poly-(2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) and poly-(N, N'-Dimetyl acrylamide), at the bottom of the defect. The purpose of this study was to clarify gene expression profile of the regenerated tissue in comparison with that of the normal articular cartilage. Methods We created a cylindrical osteochondral defect in the rabbit femoral grooves. Then, we implanted the DN gel plug at the bottom of the defect. At 2 and 4 weeks after surgery, the regenerated tissue was analyzed using DNA microarray and immunohistochemical examinations. Results The gene expression profiles of the regenerated tissues were macroscopically similar to the normal cartilage, but showed some minor differences. The expression degree of COL2A1, COL1A2, COL10A1, DCN, FMOD, SPARC, FLOD2, CHAD, CTGF, and COMP genes was greater in the regenerated tissue than in the normal cartilage. The top 30 genes that expressed 5 times or more in the regenerated tissue as compared with the normal cartilage included type-2 collagen, type-10 collagen, FN, vimentin, COMP, EF1alpha, TFCP2, and GAPDH genes. Conclusions The tissue regenerated by using the DN gel was genetically similar but not completely identical to articular cartilage. The genetic data shown in this study are useful for future studies to identify specific genes involved in spontaneous cartilage regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryusei Imabuchi
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|