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He Y, Guo J, Bai J, Hua L, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Pan L, Hong Z. An Innovative High-Strength Double-Network Hydrogel for Use as a Drilling Fluid Plugging Agent. Gels 2024; 10:224. [PMID: 38667643 PMCID: PMC11049153 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The problem of wellbore leakage is a key challenge in the petroleum industry, limiting drilling progress and increasing drilling costs. Plugging agents play a role in repairing leaks and fractures; however, traditional plugging materials generally have low mechanical strength, poor adaptability to permeable strata, limited water absorption and expansion capabilities, and poor temperature and salt resistance. To address these limitations, a pioneering polyacrylic acid-polyacrylamide (PAA/PAM) double-network hydrogel was synthesized through aqueous solution polymerization in this study. Its strength, water absorption, expansion, temperature resistance, salt resistance, and plugging effectiveness were comprehensively evaluated. The results demonstrate that good mechanical performance is exhibited by the synthesized hydrogel, capable of withstanding a maximum stress of approximately 3.5 MPa at a 90% strain. Excellent water absorption and expansion are observed in the synthesized double-network hydrogel, with a maximum expansion of 6 times within 30 min and 8 times after 2 h. Test results show that the hydrogel had good temperature resistance and salt resistance, maintaining a strength grade E within the experimental range. The simulated evaluation of the plugging experiment indicates that, under conditions of 130 °C and 6 MPa, the leakage rate of the drilling fluid is maintained below 5 mL/min when the double-network hydrogel is utilized. From the above experimental results, it can be illustrated that excellent mechanical properties, impressive water absorption, and expansion capabilities are exhibited by the synthesized double-network hydrogel. Furthermore, the high-temperature resistance and salt resistance of the double-network hydrogel were also demonstrated. Therefore, In comparison to traditional plugging materials, significant promise is held by this newly synthesized double-network hydrogel material as a plugging agent in drilling fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (Y.H.); (J.B.); (L.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (L.P.); (Z.H.)
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2
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Li X, Gao H, Wang Q, Liu S. Enhancing the Toughness of PAA/LCNF/SA Hydrogel through Double-Network Crosslinking for Strain Sensor Application. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:102. [PMID: 38201767 PMCID: PMC10780929 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignin-containing nanocellulose fibers (LCNF) have been considered as a valuable enhancer for polyacrylic acid (PAA)-based hydrogels that can form rigid porous network structures and provide abundant polar groups. However, the PAA-LCNF hydrogel is dominated by a single-network (SN) structure, which shows certain limitations when encountering external environments with high loads and large deformations. In this paper, sodium alginate (SA) was introduced into the PAA-LCNF hydrogel network to prepare a double-network (DN) hydrogel structure of the SA-Ca2+ and PAA-LCNF through a two-step process. The covalent network of PAA-LCNF acts as the resilient framework of the hydrogel, while the calcium bridging networks of SA, along with the robust hydrogen bonding network within the system, function as sacrificial bonds that dissipate energy and facilitate stress transfer. The resulting hydrogel has porous morphologies. Results show that SA can effectively improve the mechanical properties of DN hydrogels and endow them with excellent thermal stability and electrical conductivity. Compared with pure PAA-LCNF hydrogel, the elongation at break of DN hydrogel increased from 3466% to 5607%. The good electrical conductivity makes it possible to use the flexible sensors based on DN hydrogel to measure electrophysiological signals. Our results can provide a reference for developing multifunctional hydrogels that can withstand ultra large deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China (S.L.)
| | - Hui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
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3
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Zhang Z, Luo Y, Li Y, Ding S, Liu K, Luo B. Flexible Hybrid Wearable Sensors for Pressure and Thermal Sensing Based on a Double-Network Hydrogel. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:5114-5123. [PMID: 37941091 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Flexible sensors have attracted great attention due to their wide applications in various fields such as motion monitoring and medical health. It is reasonable to develop a sensor with good flexibility, sensitivity, and biocompatibility for wearable device applications. In this study, a double-network hydrogel was obtained by blending poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), which combines the flexibility of the PVA network and the fast photocuring ability of PEGDA. Subsequently, polydopamine-coated carbon nanotubes were used as conductive fillers of the PVA-PEG hydrogel matrix to prepare a flexible sensor that exhibits an effective mechanical response and significant stability in mechanics and conductivity. More importantly, the resistance of the sensor is very sensitive to pressure and thermal changes due to the optimized conductive network in the hydrogel. A motion monitoring test showed that the flexible sensor not only responds quickly to the motion of different joints but also keeps the output signal stable after many cycles. In addition, the excellent cell affinity of the hybrid hydrogel also encourages its application in health monitoring and motion sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Zhang
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yiting Luo
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yizhi Li
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Shan Ding
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Kun Liu
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Binghong Luo
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
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4
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Yang Q, Li M, Chen R, Gao D, Wang Z, Qin C, Yang W, Liu H, Zhang P. Enhanced Mechanical Strength of Metal Ion-Doped MXene-Based Double-Network Hydrogels for Highly Sensitive and Durable Flexible Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37890050 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Development of conductive hydrogels with high sensitivity and excellent mechanical properties remains a challenge for constructing flexible sensor devices. Herein, a universal strategy is presented for enhancing the mechanical strength of Mxene-based double-network hydrogels through metal ion coordination effects. Polyacrylamide (PAM)/sodium alginate (SA)/Mxene double-network (PSM-DN) hydrogels were prepared by metal ion impregnation of PAM/SA/Mxene (PSM) hydrogels. High electrical conductivity is achieved due to MXene nanosheets, while the strong coordination bond between metal ions and SA constructs a second network that increases the mechanical strength of the hydrogel by an order of magnitude. Mechanical tests demonstrated that the elastic modulus of hydrogels matches that of human tissues. Hence, they can be used as a highly sensitive electronic skin sensor to recognize the movement of different joints in humans and also as a pressure sensing interface to recognize characters for anticounterfeiting and information transfer. This work can promote the practical application of conductive hydrogels in high-tech fields, such as flexible electronic skin and interface interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Mingzi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Dahang Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Chuanjian Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Hu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Pengsheng Zhang
- Biomaterials Research Center, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, China
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5
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Xiong Y, Fang Z, Hu D, Jiang H, Huang L, Mao Q, Wang G, Li J, Liu Z, Ma C. Nano-CeO 2-Loaded Polyzwitterionic Double-Network High-Strength Hydrogel for Highly Enhanced Synergistic Marine Antifouling. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:38795-38807. [PMID: 37551684 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Although many antibiofouling materials have been developed based on either bacterial-killing or antiadhesion effects, the integration of both the effects in one material remains challenging for achieving highly enhanced synergistic antibiofouling. In this study, we have explored a nano-CeO2-loaded double-network hydrogel by introducing CeO2 nanorods into a polyzwitterionic hydrogel via a simple one-pot method for achieving highly efficient antifouling. First, the CeO2 nanorods dispersed in the hydrogel, as an outstanding nanozyme, have highly efficient bacterial-killing performance. Second, the superhydrophilic polyzwitterionic hydrogel provides a dense hydrated layer on the surface and subsequently excellent broad-spectrum antiadhesion behavior. Most importantly, the bacterial killing and antiadhesion of this hydrogel can work synergistically to largely improve the marine-antifouling performance. Moreover, the double-network structure of this hydrogel, including the covalently cross-linked polyzwitterion hard network and the physically cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) soft network, can provide greatly improved mechanical properties (2.44 MPa of tensile strength reaches and 21.87 MPa of compressive strength). As a result, among the existing marine-antifouling hydrogels, the CeO2-loaded polyzwitterionic double-network hydrogel can achieve outstanding antifouling performance, which can sustain for over 6 months in a real marine environment. This work provides a promising marine-antifouling hydrogel, which will also inspire antifouling research of a new strategy and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangkai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Daxiong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qitong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhenzhong Liu
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Zhejiang University─Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Chunxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Zhejiang University─Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
- Key Laboratory of -Quality Safe Evaluation and Research of Degradable Material for State Market Regulation, Products Quality Supervision and Testing Institute of Hainan Province, Haikou 570203, China
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6
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Lin F, Zhu Y, You Z, Li W, Chen J, Zheng X, Zheng G, Song Z, You X, Xu Y. Ultrastrong and Tough Urushiol-Based Ionic Conductive Double Network Hydrogels as Flexible Strain Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3219. [PMID: 37571113 PMCID: PMC10421297 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic conductive hydrogels have attracted increasing research interest in flexible electronics. However, the limited resilience and poor fatigue resistance of current ionic hydrogels significantly restrict their practical application. Herein, an urushiol-based ionic conductive double network hydrogel (PU/PVA-Li) was developed by one-pot thermal initiation polymerization assisted with freeze-thaw cycling and subsequent LiCl soaking. Such a PU/PVA-Li hydrogel comprises a primary network of covalently crosslinked polyurushiol (PU) and a secondary network formed by physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) through crystalline regions. The obtained PU/PVA-Li hydrogel demonstrates exceptional mechanical properties, including ultrahigh strength (up to 3.4 MPa), remarkable toughness (up to 1868.6 kJ/m3), and outstanding fatigue resistance, which can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the interpenetrating network structure and dynamic physical interactions between PU and PVA chains. Moreover, the incorporation of LiCl into the hydrogels induces polymer chain contraction via ionic coordination, further enhancing their mechanical strength and resilience, which also impart exceptional ionic conductivity (2.62 mS/m) to the hydrogels. Based on these excellent characteristics of PU/PVA-Li hydrogel, a high-performance flexible strain sensor is developed, which exhibits high sensitivity, excellent stability, and reliability. This PU/PVA-Li hydrogel sensor can be effectively utilized as a wearable electronic device for monitoring various human joint movements. This PU/PVA-Li hydrogel sensor could also demonstrate its great potential in information encryption and decryption through Morse code. This work provides a facile strategy for designing versatile, ultrastrong, and tough ionic conductive hydrogels using sustainable natural extracts and biocompatible polymers. The developed hydrogels hold great potential as promising candidate materials for future flexible intelligent electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengcai Lin
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (W.L.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (W.L.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Zixuan You
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (W.L.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Wenyan Li
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (W.L.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Jipeng Chen
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (W.L.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (W.L.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guocai Zheng
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (W.L.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Zifan Song
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China;
| | - Xinda You
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China;
| | - Yanlian Xu
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (W.L.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (G.Z.)
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7
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Kunwar P, Andrada BL, Poudel A, Xiong Z, Aryal U, Geffert ZJ, Poudel S, Fougnier D, Gitsov I, Soman P. Printing Double-Network Tough Hydrogels Using Temperature-Controlled Projection Stereolithography (TOPS). ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37319377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a new method to shape double-network (DN) hydrogels into customized 3D structures that exhibit superior mechanical properties in both tension and compression. A one-pot prepolymer formulation containing photo-cross-linkable acrylamide and thermoreversible sol-gel κ-carrageenan with a suitable cross-linker and photoinitiators/absorbers is optimized. A new TOPS system is utilized to photopolymerize the primary acrylamide network into a 3D structure above the sol-gel transition of κ-carrageenan (80 °C), while cooling down generates the secondary physical κ-carrageenan network to realize tough DN hydrogel structures. 3D structures, printed with high lateral (37 μm) and vertical (180 μm) resolutions and superior 3D design freedoms (internal voids), exhibit ultimate stress and strain of 200 kPa and 2400%, respectively, under tension and simultaneously exhibit a high compression stress of 15 MPa with a strain of 95%, both with high recovery rates. The roles of swelling, necking, self-healing, cyclic loading, dehydration, and rehydration on the mechanical properties of printed structures are also investigated. To demonstrate the potential of this technology to make mechanically reconfigurable flexible devices, we print an axicon lens and show that a Bessel beam can be dynamically tuned via user-defined tensile stretching of the device. This technique can be broadly applied to other hydrogels to make novel smart multifunctional devices for a range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puskal Kunwar
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Bianca Louise Andrada
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Arun Poudel
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Zheng Xiong
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Ujjwal Aryal
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Zachary J Geffert
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Sajag Poudel
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Daniel Fougnier
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Ivan Gitsov
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York ESF, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Pranav Soman
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
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8
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Li G, Liu Y, Chen Y, Li M, Song J, Li K, Zhang Y, Hu L, Qi X, Wan X, Liu J, He Q, Zhou H. Polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylamide double-network hydrogel-based semi-dry electrodes for robust electroencephalography recording at hairy scalp for noninvasive brain-computer interfaces. J Neural Eng 2023; 20. [PMID: 36863014 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acc098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Reliable and user-friendly electrodes can continuously and real-time capture the electroencephalography (EEG) signals, which is essential for real-life brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). This study develops a flexible, durable, and low-contact-impedance polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylamide double-network hydrogel (PVA/PAM DNH)-based semi-dry electrode for robust EEG recording at hairy scalp.Approach.The PVA/PAM DNHs are developed using a cyclic freeze-thaw strategy and used as a saline reservoir for semi-dry electrodes. The PVA/PAM DNHs steadily deliver trace amounts of saline onto the scalp, enabling low and stable electrode-scalp impedance. The hydrogel also conforms well to the wet scalp, stabilizing the electrode-scalp interface. The feasibility of the real-life BCIs is validated by conducting four classic BCI paradigms on 16 participants.Main results.The results show that the PVA/PAM DNHs with 7.5 wt% PVA achieve a satisfactory trade-off between the saline load-unloading capacity and the compressive strength. The proposed semi-dry electrode exhibits a low contact impedance (18 ± 8.9 kΩ at 10 Hz), a small offset potential (0.46 mV), and negligible potential drift (1.5 ± 0.4μV min-1). The temporal cross-correlation between the semi-dry and wet electrodes is 0.91, and the spectral coherence is higher than 0.90 at frequencies below 45 Hz. Furthermore, no significant differences are present in BCI classification accuracy between these two typical electrodes.Significance.Based on the durability, rapid setup, wear-comfort, and robust signals of the developed hydrogel, PVA/PAM DNH-based semi-dry electrodes are a promising alternative to wet electrodes in real-life BCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Zhuzhou People's Hospital, Zhuzhou 412008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- Wuhan Greentek Pty. Ltd, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Central Command Theater of PLA, Wuhan 430012, People's Republic of China
| | - Kanghua Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhuzhou People's Hospital, Zhuzhou 412008, People's Republic of China
| | - Youmei Zhang
- Department of Child Psychology, The Third Hospital of Zhuzhou, Zhuzhou 412003, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Hu
- Wuhan Greentek Pty. Ltd, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoman Qi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanguo He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
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9
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Ji D, Im P, Shin S, Kim J. Specimen Geometry Effect on Experimental Tensile Mechanical Properties of Tough Hydrogels. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:785. [PMID: 36676522 PMCID: PMC9866837 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic tough hydrogels have received attention because they could mimic the mechanical properties of natural hydrogels, such as muscle, ligament, tendon, and cartilage. Many recent studies suggest various approaches to enhance the mechanical properties of tough hydrogels. However, directly comparing each hydrogel property in different reports is challenging because various testing specimen shapes/sizes were employed, affecting the experimental mechanical property values. This study demonstrates how the specimen geometry-the lengths and width of the reduced section-of a tough double-network hydrogel causes differences in experimental tensile mechanical values. In particular, the elastic modulus was systemically compared using eleven specimens of different shapes and sizes that were tensile tested, including a rectangle, ASTM D412-C and D412-D, JIS K6251-7, and seven customized dumbbell shapes with various lengths and widths of the reduced section. Unlike the rectangular specimen, which showed an inconsistent measurement of mechanical properties due to a local load concentration near the grip, dumbbell-shaped specimens exhibited a stable fracture at the reduced section. The dumbbell-shaped specimen with a shorter gauge length resulted in a smaller elastic modulus. Moreover, a relationship between the specimen dimension and measured elastic modulus value was derived, which allowed for the prediction of the experimental elastic modulus of dumbbell-shaped tough hydrogels with different dimensions. This study conveys a message that reminds the apparent experimental dependence of specimen geometry on the stress-strain measurement and the need to standardize the measurement of of numerous tough hydrogels for a fair comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwan Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilseon Im
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kunwar P, Ransbottom MJ, Soman P. Three-Dimensional Printing of Double-Network Hydrogels: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Future Outlook. 3D Print Addit Manuf 2022; 9:435-449. [PMID: 36660293 PMCID: PMC9590348 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2020.0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are widely used materials due to their biocompatibility, their ability to mimic the hydrated and porous extracellular microenvironment, as well as their ability to tune both mechanical and biochemical properties. However, most hydrogels lack mechanical toughness, and shaping them into complicated three-dimensional (3D) structures remains challenging. In the past decade, tough and stretchable double-network hydrogels (DN gels) were developed for tissue engineering, soft robotics, and applications that require a combination of high-energy dissipation and large deformations. Although DN gels were processed into simple shapes by using conventional casting and molding methods, new 3D printing methods have enabled the shaping of DN gels into structurally complex 3D geometries. This review will describe the state-of-art technologies for shaping tough and stretchable DN gels into custom geometries by using conventional molding and casting, extrusion, and optics-based 3D printing, as well as the key challenges and future outlook in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puskal Kunwar
- Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mark James Ransbottom
- Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Pranav Soman
- Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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11
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Wu Y, Yao Y, Zhang J, Gui H, Liu J, Liu J. Tumor-Targeted Injectable Double-Network Hydrogel for Prevention of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Wound Infection via Synergistic Photothermal and Brachytherapy. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200681. [PMID: 35751467 PMCID: PMC9403641 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The high locoregional recurrence rate and potential wound infection in breast cancer after surgery pose enormous risks to patient survival. In this study, a polyethylene glycol acrylate (PEGDA)-alginate double-network nanocomposite hydrogel (GPA) embedded with 125 I-labeled RGDY peptide-modified gold nanorods (125 I-GNR-RGDY) is fabricated. The double-network hydrogel is formed by injection of GPA precursor solutions into the cavity of resected cancerous breasts of mice where gelation occurred rapidly. The enhanced temperature-induced PEGDA polymerization driven by near-infrared light irradiation, and then, the second polymer network is crosslinked between alginate and endogenous Ca2+ around the tumor. The double-network hydrogel possesses a dense polymer network and tightly fixes 125 I-GNR-RGDY, which exhibit superior persistent photothermal and radioactive effects. Hyperthermia induced by photothermal therapy can inhibit self-repair of damaged DNA and promote blood circulation to improve the hypoxic microenvironment, which can synergistically enhance the therapeutic efficacy of brachytherapy and simultaneously eliminate pathogenic bacteria. Notably, this nanocomposite hydrogel facilitates antibacterial activity to prevent potential wound infection and is tracked by single-photon emission computerized tomography imaging owing to isotope labeling of loaded 125 I-GNR-RGDY. The combination of photothermal therapy and brachytherapy has enabled the possibility of proposing a novel postoperative adjuvant strategy for preventing tumor recurrence and wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative DrugsChinese Academy of Medical Sciencesand Institute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300192China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Lab of Functional and Biomedical NanomaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative DrugsChinese Academy of Medical Sciencesand Institute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300192China
| | - Han Gui
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative DrugsChinese Academy of Medical Sciencesand Institute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300192China
| | - Jinjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative DrugsChinese Academy of Medical Sciencesand Institute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300192China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative DrugsChinese Academy of Medical Sciencesand Institute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300192China
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12
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, An Z, Zhao H, Zhang L, Cao Y, Mansoorianfar M, Liu X, Pei R. Slide-Ring Structure-Based Double-Network Hydrogel with Enhanced Stretchability and Toughness for 3D-Bio-Printing and Its Potential Application as Artificial Small-Diameter Blood Vessels. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:8597-8606. [PMID: 35005952 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Artificial small-diameter blood vessels (SDBVs) are extremely limited in their thrombosis and still present significant clinical challenges worldwide. In recent years, 3D-bio-printing has offered a powerful technique to fabricate vessel channels in tissue engineering applications. Hydrogels are attractive bio-inks for SDBVs 3D-bio-printing, but they usually present weak mechanical properties. To overcome the weak mechanical properties of hydrogel bio-inks, a printable human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC)-laden polyrotaxane-alginate (PR-Alg) double-network (DN) hydrogel was fabricated. The PR-Alg DN hydrogel consists of a Ca2+ cross-linked alginate network to form the first network rapidly, and a photo-cross-linked slide-ring network was designed as the second network. By combining special hydrogel structures of slide-ring (SR) and double network (DN), we significantly improved the mechanical properties of hydrogels. The PR-Alg DN hydrogel provides excellent stress (199 ± 20 kPa) and strain (1239 ± 58%), and the fracture energy reaches 668 ± 80 J/m2. Additionally, due to the presence of biocompatible materials and the gentle 3D-bio-printing process, the 3D-bio-printed channels showed outstanding biocompatibility, particularly in HUVECs' survival and proliferation. We anticipate that this work will expand the application of hydrogels with improved mechanical properties in biomedicine, particularly for artificial SDBVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshan Liu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhen An
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mojtaba Mansoorianfar
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xingzhu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
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13
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Thomas J, Gupta N, Joseph JP, Chopra V, Pal A, Ghosh D. Mechanical Integrity in a Dynamic Interpenetrating Hydrogel Network of Supramolecular Peptide-Polysaccharide Supports Enhanced Chondrogenesis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5798-5809. [PMID: 34761897 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering demands intelligently designed scaffolds that encompass the properties of the target tissues in terms of mechanical and bioactive properties. An ideal scaffold for engineering a cartilage tissue should provide the chondrocytes with a favorable 3D microarchitecture apart from possessing optimal mechanical characteristics such as compressibility, energy dissipation, strain stiffening, etc. Herein, we used a unique design approach to develop a hydrogel having a dynamic interpenetrating network to serve as a framework to support chondrocyte growth and differentiation. An amyloid-inspired peptide amphiphile (1) was self-assembled to furnish kinetically controlled nanofibers and incorporated in a dynamic covalently cross-linked polysaccharide network of carboxymethyl cellulose dialdehyde (CMC-D) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) using Schiff base chemistry. The dynamic noncovalent interaction played a pivotal role in providing the desired modulation in the structure and mechanical properties of the double-network hydrogels that are imperative for cartilage scaffold design. The adaptable nature supported shear-induced extrusion of the hydrogel and facilitated various cellular functions while maintaining its integrity. The potential of the as-developed hydrogels to support in vitro chondrogenesis was explored using human chondrocytes. Evidence of improved cell growth and cartilage-specific ECM production confirmed the potential of the hydrogel to support cartilage tissue engineering while reaffirming the significance of mimicking the biophysical microenvironment to induce optimal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijo Thomas
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
| | - Jojo P Joseph
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
| | - Vianni Chopra
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
| | - Asish Pal
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
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14
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Kaibara T, Wang L, Tsuda M, Nonoyama T, Kurokawa T, Iwasaki N, Gong JP, Tanaka S, Yasuda K. Hydroxyapatite-hybridized double-network hydrogel surface enhances differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to osteogenic cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:747-760. [PMID: 34713570 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have developed a hydroxyapatite (HAp)-hybridized double-network (DN) hydrogel (HAp/DN gel), which can robustly bond to the bone tissue in the living body. The purpose of this study is to clarify whether the HAp/DN gel surface can differentiate the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to osteogenic cells. We used the MSCs which were harvested from the rabbit bone marrow and cultured on the polystyrene (PS) dish using the autogenous serum-supplemented medium. First, we confirmed the properties of MSCs by evaluating colony forming unit capacity, expression of MSC markers using flow cytometry, and multidifferential capacity. Secondly, polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the HAp/DN gel surface significantly enhanced mRNA expression of the eight osteogenic markers (TGF-β1, BMP-2, Runx2, Col-1, ALP, OPN, BSP, and OCN) in the cultured MSCs at 7 days than the PS surfaces (p < 0.0001), while the DN gel and HAp surfaces provided no or only a slight effect on the expression of these markers except for Runx2. Additionally, the alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher in the cells cultured on the HAp/DN gel surface than in the other three material surfaces (p < 0.0001). Thirdly, when the HAp/DN gel plug was implanted into the rabbit bone marrow, MSC marker-positive cells were recruited in the tissue generated around the plug at 3 days, and Runx2 and OCN were highly expressed in these cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the HAp/DN gel surface can differentiate the MSCs into osteogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kaibara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nonoyama
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Laboratory of Soft & Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kurokawa
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Laboratory of Soft & Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Laboratory of Soft & Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yasuda
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Center, Yagi Orthopaedic Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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15
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Zhao C, Ji J, Yin T, Yang J, Pang Y, Sun W. Affinity-Controlled Double-Network Hydrogel Facilitates Long-Term Release of Anti-Human Papillomavirus Protein. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1298. [PMID: 34680415 PMCID: PMC8533454 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have recently received attention as delivery carriers owing to their good biocompatibility and structural similarity to natural extracellular matrices. However, the utilization of traditional single-network (SN) hydrogels is limited by poor mechanical properties and burst drug release. Therefore, we developed a novel double-network (DN) hydrogel, which employs an alginate (ALG)/polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) network to adjust the mechanical strength and a positively charged monomer AETAC (2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethyl-ammonium chloride) to regulate the release curve of the electronegative anti-human papillomavirus (HPV) protein (bovine β-lactoglobulin modified with 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride) based on an affinity-controlled delivery mechanism. The results show that the double-network hydrogel strongly inhibits the burst release, and the burst release amount is about one-third of that of the single-network hydrogel. By changing the concentration of the photoinitiator, the mechanical strength of the DN hydrogels can be adjusted to meet the stiffness requirements for various tissues within the range of 0.71 kPa to 10.30 kPa. Compared with the SN hydrogels, the DN hydrogels exhibit almost twice the mechanical strength and have smaller micropores. Cytotoxicity tests indicated that these SN and DN hydrogels were not cytotoxic with the result of over 100% relative proliferation rate of the HUVECs. Furthermore, DN hydrogels can significantly alleviate the burst release of antiviral proteins and prolong the release time to more than 14 days. Finally, we utilized digital light processing (DLP) technology to verify the printability of the DN hydrogel. Our study indicates that ALG/PEGDA-AETAC DN hydrogels could serve as platforms for delivering proteins and show promise for diverse tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjia Zhao
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (C.Z.); (J.J.); (T.Y.)
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing 100084, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingyuan Ji
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (C.Z.); (J.J.); (T.Y.)
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing 100084, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianjun Yin
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (C.Z.); (J.J.); (T.Y.)
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing 100084, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Yuan Pang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (C.Z.); (J.J.); (T.Y.)
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing 100084, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (C.Z.); (J.J.); (T.Y.)
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing 100084, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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16
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Yan J, Jia X, Yan W, Yin L. Double-Network Hydrogels of Corn Fiber Gum and Soy Protein Isolate: Effect of Biopolymer Constituents and pH Values on Textural Properties and Microstructures. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020356. [PMID: 33562383 PMCID: PMC7915334 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn fiber gum (CFG) -soy protein isolate (SPI) double-network (DN) hydrogels were fabricated using laccase and a heat treatment process, in which CFG solution formed the first gel network via laccase oxidation, while SPI formed the second network through heating, as described in our previous research. The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of CFG/SPI constituents (CFG concentration 0-3%, w/v; SPI concentration 8-10%, w/v) and pH values (5.0-7.5) on the textural properties, microstructures and water-holding capacities (WHC) of the CFG-SPI DN hydrogels. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) results showed an apparent phase separation when the CFG concentration was above 1% (w/v). The textural characteristics and WHC of most DN hydrogels were enhanced with increasing concentrations of CFG and SPI. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that the microstructures of DN hydrogels were converted from coarse and irregular to smooth and ordered as pH values increased from 5.0 to 7.5. Excellent textural properties and WHC were observed at pH 7.0. This study developed various CFG-SPI DN hydrogels with diverse textures and structures, governed by the concentrations of protein/polysaccharide and pH values, and also contributes to the understanding of gum-protein interactions in DN hydrogels obtained under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lijun Yin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62737424
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17
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Fan Z, Chen Z, Zhang H, Nie Y, Xu S. Gradient Mineralized and Porous Double-Network Hydrogel Effectively Induce the Differentiation of BMSCs into Osteochondral Tissue In Vitro for Potential Application in Cartilage Repair. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000323. [PMID: 33356012 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
At present, it is a considerable challenge to mimic the complex architecture of osteochondral (OC) tissue. In this study, a porous and gradient mineralized double-network hydrogel is synthesized and used to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to differentiate into the desired OC tissue depending only on the material and mechanical properties. Physical and chemical characterizations show that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles grow and fill into the pores of the hydrogel, and their content presents a gradient change in different layers of hydrogel. The synthesized hydrogel has excellent mechanical properties and the compression strength with different mineralization degrees varies from 27 to 380 kPa, which fully meets the needs of increased mechanical strength of articular cartilage from the surface to the deep layer. Besides, the synthesized hydrogel has good biocompatibility that can promote the proliferation and growth of BMSCs. More importantly, the results of histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and real time polymerase chain reaction show that gradient mineralized hydrogel can induce BMSCs to differentiate into the desired chondrocytes and osteoblasts in different layers of hydrogels, indicating that OC tissues can be successfully constructed through a simple induction differentiation of gradient mineralized hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengjie Fan
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zizi Chen
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Nie
- Institute of Sensing Technology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shumei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, P. R. China
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18
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Yi J, Nguyen KCT, Wang W, Yang W, Pan M, Lou E, Major PW, Le LH, Zeng H. Mussel-Inspired Adhesive Double-Network Hydrogel for Intraoral Ultrasound Imaging. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:8943-8952. [PMID: 35019570 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases could be diagnosed through intraoral ultrasound imaging with the advantages of simple operation procedures, low cost, and low safety risks. A couplant is normally placed between transducers and tissues for better ultrasound image quality. If applied intraorally, the couplants should possess good stability in water and robust mechanical properties, as well as strong adhesiveness to transducers and tissues. However, commercial couplants, such as Aquaflex (AF) cannot fulfill these requirements. In this work, inspired by the mussel adhesion mechanism, we reported a poly(vinyl alcohol)-polyacrylamide-polydopamine (PVA-PAM-PDA) hydrogel synthesized by incorporating PDA into the PAM-PVA double-network for intraoral ultrasound imaging. The hydrogel maintains good stability in water as well as exceptional mechanical properties and can adhere to different substrates (i.e., metal, glass, and porcine skin) without losing the original adhesion strength after multiple adhesion-strip cycles. Besides, when applied to porcine mandibular incisor imaging, the PVA-PAM-PDA hydrogel possesses good image quality for diagnosis as AF does. This work provides practical insights into the fabrication of multifunctional hydrogel-based interfaces between human tissues and medical devices for disease diagnosis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Yi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kim-Cuong T Nguyen
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V2, Canada
| | - Wenda Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Wenshuai Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mingfei Pan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Edmond Lou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Paul W Major
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Lawrence H Le
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V2, Canada.,School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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19
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Deng Z, Qian T, Hang F. Three-Dimensional Printed Hydrogels with High Elasticity, High Toughness, and Ionic Conductivity for Multifunctional Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:7061-7070. [PMID: 33320594 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have drawn extensive attention due to their unique physical and biological properties. However, the relatively low mechanical strength and poor processability of hydrogels limit their applications. Especially, the emerging 3D printing technology for nontoxic hydrogels requires proper formability and controllable mechanical behaviors. In this study, a new strategy to construct a novel double-network biocompatible hydrogel from poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and short-chain chitosan (CS) via ionic-covalent cross-linking is by a two-step method involving UV curing followed by immersion in an anionic solution. The CS-based ionic network and PEGDA-based covalent network as well as the hydrogen bonds between them jointly induce excellent mechanical properties, which can be regulated by changing the PEGDA/CS content and ionic cross-linking time. Compared with conventional hydrogels, this mechanically optimized hydrogel exhibits a superior elastic modulus (3.84 ± 0.4 MPa), higher tensile strength (7.23 ± 0.2 MPa), and higher tensile strain (162 ± 7%). Notably, its excellent printing capability through the citrate anionic solution adjustment enables 3D printing with precision, flexibility, and a complex inner structure by extrusion in air at room temperature. In addition, a number of citrate ions existed in the ionic network, giving the hydrogels good electrical conductivity. Therefore, this printable, conductive, and tough hydrogel exhibits potential for vascular engineering, cartilage tissue engineering, and wearable device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tianbao Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Fei Hang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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20
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Yin H, King DR, Sun TL, Saruwatari Y, Nakajima T, Kurokawa T, Gong JP. Polyzwitterions as a Versatile Building Block of Tough Hydrogels: From Polyelectrolyte Complex Gels to Double-Network Gels. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:50068-50076. [PMID: 33085900 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The high water content of hydrogels makes them important as synthetic biomaterials, and tuning the mechanical properties of hydrogels to match those of natural tissues without changing chemistry is usually difficult. In this study, we have developed a series of hydrogels with varied stiffness, strength, and toughness based on a combination of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS), a strong acidic polyelectrolyte, and poly-N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-(methacryloyloxy) ethanaminium) (PCDME), a polyzwitterion with a weak acidic moiety. We demonstrate that modifying the true molar ratio, R, of PCDME to PAMPS results in four unique categories of hydrogels with different swelling ratios and Young's moduli. When R < 1, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte gel (PE) is formed; when 1 < R < 3, a tough and viscoelastic polyelectrolyte complex gel (PEC) is formed; when 3 < R < 6.5, a conventional, elastic interpenetrating network gel (IPN) is formed; and when R > 6.5, a tough and stiff double-network gel (DN) is formed. Both the PEC and DN gels exhibit high toughness and fracture stress, up to 1.8 and 1.5 MPa, respectively. Importantly, the PEC gels exhibit strong recovery properties along with high toughness, distinguishing them from DN gels. Without requiring a change in chemistry, we can tune the mechanical response of hydrogels over a wide spectrum, making this a useful system of soft and hydrated biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yin
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Daniel R King
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tao Lin Sun
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yoshiyuki Saruwatari
- Osaka Organic Chemical Industry Ltd., 1-7-20 Azuchi-machi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0052, Japan
| | - Tasuku Nakajima
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kurokawa
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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21
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Zhu F, Tong Y, Wu Y, Dong N, Sheng Z, Yao Y. Immunomodulatory property and its regulatory mechanism of double network hydrogel on dendritic cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:1015-1026. [PMID: 32856407 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of the key immune cell subsets by biomaterial has emerged as a potential target to promote tissue repair and regeneration. Based on calcium alginate (Alg) and glycol chitosan (GC), an injectable double-network (DN) hydrogel has been developed as a scaffold for cell delivery and cell cocultured system. Previous studies have documented the interaction between dendritic cells (DCs) and GC or Alg hydrogel, but the potential effect of DN hydrogel on activation of DCs still remains unclear. This research was conducted to explore the immunomodulatory influence and underlying mechanisms of GC/Alg DN hydrogel on DCs in vitro and in vivo. Stimulation of DCs with DN hydrogel obviously induced the maturation of DCs in vitro. In vivo, DN hydrogel did not have obvious influence on the maturation of splenic DCs on postimplantation days 3, 10, and 30. Mechanistically, we found that DN hydrogel induced the maturation of DCs via phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin in vitro. It provides a novel understanding of the immunomodulatory property of DN hydrogel on DCs, which may serve as potential target for designing immune-mediated regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Zhu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center and Medical Innovation Research Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Burns, Plastic, and Wound Repair Surgery, The 924th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese PLA, Guilin, China
| | - Yalin Tong
- Department of Burns, Plastic, and Wound Repair Surgery, The 924th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese PLA, Guilin, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center and Medical Innovation Research Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Dong
- Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center and Medical Innovation Research Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Sheng
- Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center and Medical Innovation Research Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongming Yao
- Chinese PLA General Hospital and Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center and Medical Innovation Research Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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22
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Zhang J, Zeng L, Qiao Z, Wang J, Jiang X, Zhang YS, Yang H. Functionalizing Double-Network Hydrogels for Applications in Remote Actuation and in Low-Temperature Strain Sensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:30247-30258. [PMID: 32525651 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional hydrogels have important applications in various fields such as artificial muscles, wearable devices, soft robotics, and tissue engineering, especially for those with favorable mechanical properties, good low-temperature resistance, and stimuli-responsive capabilities. In the current study, a type of polyacrylamide/sodium alginate/carbon nanotube (PAAm/SA/CNT) double-network (DN) hydrogel was fabricated, which exhibited a high tensile strength of 271.68 ± 6.04 kPa, a favorable conductivity of 1.38 ± 0.17 S·m-1, and a good self-healing ability under heating conditions. In addition, the composite hydrogel exhibited controllable photomechanical deformations under near-infrared irradiation, such as bending, swelling, swimming, and object grasping. To further broaden the applications of the hydrogel in low-temperature environments, calcium chloride (CaCl2) was introduced into such a PAAm/SA/CNT DN hydrogel as an additive. Interestingly, the tensile/compressive strengths as well as elasticity were well-maintained at a temperature as low as -20 °C. In addition, the PAAm/SA/CNT/CaCl2 hydrogel presented excellent conductivity, recoverability, and strain-sensing capability under such extreme conditions. Overall, the investigations conducted in this paper have provided potentially new methods and inspirations for the generation of multifunctional PAAm/SA/CNT/CaCl2 hybrid DN hydrogels toward extended applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Liangdan Zeng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Ziwen Qiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiancai Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
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23
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Liu B, Zhao Y, Zhu T, Gao S, Ye K, Zhou F, Qiu D, Wang X, Tian Y, Qu X. Biphasic Double-Network Hydrogel With Compartmentalized Loading of Bioactive Glass for Osteochondral Defect Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:752. [PMID: 32714919 PMCID: PMC7346869 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Periarticular injury usually causes the defects of superficial cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. Although some efficacious outcomes have been achieved by the existing therapeutic methods both in clinics and research, like symptomatic treatment, microfracture surgery, and tissue engineering technology, they still present specific disadvantages and complications. To improve this situation, we designed a biphasic (bi-) scaffold aiming to repair the structure of cartilage and subchondral bone synchronously. The scaffold consisted of a superior double-network (DN) hydrogel layer and a lower bioactive glass (BG) reinforced hydrogel layer, and the DN hydrogel included glycol chitosan (GC) and dibenzaldhyde functionalized poly(ethylene oxide) network, and sodium alginate (Alg) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) network. To investigate its effectiveness, we applied this biphasic scaffold to repair osteochondral full-thickness defects in rabbit models. We set up six observation groups in total, including Untreated group, Microfracture group, BG only group, DN gel group, bi-DN gel group, and bi-DN/TGF-β gel group. With a follow-up period of 24 weeks, we evaluated the treatment effects by gross observation, micro-CT scan and histological staining. Besides, we further fulfilled the quantitative analysis of the data from ICRS score, O’Driscoll score and micro-CT parameters. The results revealed that neat GC/Alg DN hydrogel scaffold was only conductive to promoting cartilage regeneration and neat BG scaffold merely showed the excellent ability to reconstruct subchondral bone. While the biphasic scaffold performed better in repairing osteochondral defect synchronously, exhibiting more well-integrated cartilage-like tissue with positive staining of toluidine blue and col II immunohistochemistry, and more dense trabecular bone connecting closely with the surrounding host bone. Therefore, this method possessed the clinical application potential in treating articular injury, osteochondral degeneration, osteochondral necrosis, and sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchuan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanran Zhao
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tengjiao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Qiu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhong Qu
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Abstract
Current animal models of nerve root compression due to lumbar disc herniation only assess the mechanical compression of nerve roots and the inflammatory response. Moreover, the pressure applied in these models is static, meaning that the nerve root cannot be dynamically compressed. This is very different from the pathogenesis of lumbar disc herniation. In this study, a chitosan/polyacrylamide double-network hydrogel was prepared by a simple two-step method. The swelling ratio of the double-network hydrogel increased with prolonged time, reaching 140. The compressive strength and compressive modulus of the hydrogel reached 53.6 and 0.34 MPa, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the hydrogel’s crosslinked structure with many interconnecting pores. An MTT assay demonstrated that the number of viable cells in contact with the hydrogel extracts did not significantly change relative to the control surface. Thus, the hydrogel had good biocompatibility. Finally, the double-network hydrogel was used to compress the L4 nerve root of male sand rats to simulate lumbar disc herniation nerve root compression. The hydrogel remained in its original position after compression, and swelled with increasing time. Edema appeared around the nerve root and disappeared 3 weeks after operation. This chitosan/polyacrylamide double-network hydrogel has potential as a new implant material for animal models of lumbar nerve root compression. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Neurosurgical Institute of Beijing, Capital Medical University, China (approval No. 201601006) on July 29, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Meng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Yu Yang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing; Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jia-Xi Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Zhi Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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25
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Wu J, Wu Z, Han S, Yang BR, Gui X, Tao K, Liu C, Miao J, Norford LK. Extremely Deformable, Transparent, and High-Performance Gas Sensor Based on Ionic Conductive Hydrogel. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:2364-2373. [PMID: 30596426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of stretchable chemical sensors becomes increasingly attractive for emerging wearable applications in environmental monitoring and health care. Here, for the first time, chemically derived ionic conductive polyacrylamide/carrageenan double-network (DN) hydrogels are exploited to fabricate ultrastretchable and transparent NO2 and NH3 sensors with high sensitivity (78.5 ppm-1) and low theoretical limit of detection (1.2 ppb) in NO2 detection. The hydrogels can withstand various rigorous mechanical deformations, including up to 1200% strain, large-range flexion, and twist. The drastic mechanical deformations do not degrade the gas-sensing performance. A facile solvent replacement strategy is devised to partially replace water with glycerol (Gly) molecules in the solvent of hydrogel, generating the water-Gly binary hydrogel with 1.68 times boosted sensitivity to NO2 and significantly enhanced stability. The DN-Gly NO2 sensor can maintain its sensitivity for as long as 9 months. The high sensitivity is attributed to the abundant oxygenated functional groups in the well-designed polymer chains and solvent. A gas-blocking mechanism is proposed to understand the positive resistance shift of the gas sensors. This work sheds light on utilizing ionic conductive hydrogels as novel channel materials to design highly deformable and sensitive gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Songjia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Bo-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Xuchun Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Kai Tao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Jianmin Miao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Leslie K Norford
- Department of Architecture , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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26
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Jung D, Lee KM, Chang JY, Yun M, Choi HJ, Kim YA, Yoon H, Kim H. Selective De-Cross-Linking of Transformable, Double-Network Hydrogels: Preparation, Structural Conversion, and Controlled Release. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:42985-42991. [PMID: 30431252 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study has demonstrated the design of stimuli-responsive double-network hydrogels that are formed by sequential polymerization and show chemical transformation by selective de-cross-linking without structural failure owing to chemical orthogonality. Each self-immolative and thermoresponsive network established together the double-network structure through a thiol-ene click reaction and radical polymerization. The hydrogel exhibited enhanced mechanical strength but chemically transformed through the selective de-cross-linking of specific network triggered by a molecular stimulus, which significantly alters physical properties of the material such as tunable toughness and lower critical solution temperature behavior. In addition, the material displayed a thermoresponsive, controlled release. Only after treatment with the stimulus did the hydrogel release cargo molecules on demand via de-cross-linking while maintaining the entire structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyoung Jung
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, School of Polymer Science and Engineering , Chonnam National University , 77 Yongbong-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186 , Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Lee
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, School of Polymer Science and Engineering , Chonnam National University , 77 Yongbong-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186 , Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Ji Young Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Misun Yun
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group , World Institute of Kimchi , 86 Kimchi-ro , Gwangju 61755 , Korea
| | - Hak-Jong Choi
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group , World Institute of Kimchi , 86 Kimchi-ro , Gwangju 61755 , Korea
| | - Yoong Ahm Kim
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, School of Polymer Science and Engineering , Chonnam National University , 77 Yongbong-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186 , Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, School of Polymer Science and Engineering , Chonnam National University , 77 Yongbong-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186 , Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, School of Polymer Science and Engineering , Chonnam National University , 77 Yongbong-ro , Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186 , Korea
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27
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Shi H, Fang Z, Zhang X, Li F, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Wu P, Yu G. Double-Network Nanostructured Hydrogel-Derived Ultrafine Sn-Fe Alloy in Three-Dimensional Carbon Framework for Enhanced Lithium Storage. Nano Lett 2018; 18:3193-3198. [PMID: 29617142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tin-based alloys (Sn-M, M = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) have been considered as promising alternatives for graphite anode in advanced Li-ion batteries, but their practical application is hindered by huge volume change-induced poor cycle life. We propose here a facile inorganic-organic double-network nanostructured hydrogel-enabled methodology for uniformly immobilizing ultrafine Sn-M alloys in hierarchical carbon frameworks. The double-network nanostructured gel, consisting of three-dimensional (3D) intertwined cyano-bridged Sn(IV)-Fe(II) inorganic gel and chitosan-glutaraldehyde organic polymer gel, can realize 3D space confinement in molecular scale and thus obtain ultrafine Sn-Fe alloy particles (average size ∼2.7 nm) uniformly embedded in hierarchical 1D to 3D carbon framework. These unique structural features enable the Sn-Fe@C framework electrodes to exhibit long cycle life (516 mA h g-1 after 500 cycles at 0.1 A g-1) and high rate capability (491 and 270 mA h g-1 at 1 and 10 A g-1, respectively). This work provides new insight into controlled synthesis of ultrafine alloys in hierarchical 3D carbon frameworks for improving energy storage properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Feng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yawen Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Ping Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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28
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Abstract
On the basis of the thermoreversible sol-gel transition behavior of κ-carrageenan in water, a double-network (DN) hydrogel has been fabricated by combining an ionically cross-linked κ-carrageenan network with a covalently cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAAm) network. The κ-carrageenan/PAAm DN hydrogel demonstrated an excellent recoverability and significant self-healing capability (even when notched). More importantly, the warm pregel solution of κ-carrageenan/AAm can be used as an ink of a three-dimensional (3D) printer to print complex 3D structures with remarkable mechanical strength after UV exposure. Furthermore, the κ-carrageenan/PAAm DN hydrogel exhibited a great strain sensitivity with a gauge factor of 0.63 at the strain of 1000%, and thus, the hydrogel can be used as sensitive strain sensors for applications in robotics and human motion detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Liu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Lin Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Kitamura N, Yokota M, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, Yasuda K. In vivo cartilage regeneration induced by a double-network hydrogel: Evaluation of a novel therapeutic strategy for femoral articular cartilage defects in a sheep model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2159-65. [PMID: 27087198 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish the efficacy of a therapeutic strategy for an articular cartilage defect using a poly-(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid)/poly-(N,N'-dimethyl acrylamide) DN gel in a sheep model. Seventeen mature sheep were used in this study. We created a 6.0-mm osteochondral defect in the femoral trochlea of the patellofemoral (PF) joint and the medial condyle of the tibiofemoral (TF) joint. A cylindrical DN gel plug was implanted into the defect of the right knee so that a vacant space of the planned depths of 2.0 mm in group I, 3.0 mm in group II, and 4.0 mm in group III were left. In the left knee, we created a defect with the same depth as the right knee. The regenerated tissues were evaluated with the O'Driscoll score and real-time PCR analysis of the cartilage marker genes at 12 weeks. The DN gel implanted defect of group II in the PF and TF joints was completely filled with a sufficient volume of the proteoglycan-rich tissue stained with Safranin-O. The score showed that group II was significantly greater than groups I and III when treated with DN gel in the PF joint (p = 0.0441, p = 0.0174, respectively) and in the TF joint (p = 0.0019, p = 0.0006, respectively). This study has clarified the short-term efficacy of the cartilage regeneration strategy using the DN gel in a sheep model. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2159-2165, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuto Kitamura
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Yokota
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kurokawa
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yasuda
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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