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Bernard AR, ElSayed MSA. Crashworthiness of 3D Lattice Topologies under Dynamic Loading: A Comprehensive Study. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1597. [PMID: 38612115 PMCID: PMC11012503 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Periodic truss-based lattice materials, a particular subset of cellular solids that generally have superior specific properties as compared to monolithic materials, offer regularity and predictability that irregular foams do not. Significant advancements in alternative technologies-such as additive manufacturing-have allowed for the fabrication of these uniquely complex materials, thus boosting their research and development within industries and scientific communities. However, there have been limitations in the comparison of results for these materials between different studies reported in the literature due to differences in analysis approaches, parent materials, and boundary and initial conditions considered. Further hindering the comparison ability was that the literature generally only focused on one or a select few topologies. With a particular focus on the crashworthiness of lattice topologies, this paper presents a comprehensive study of the impact performance of 24 topologies under dynamic impact loading. Using steel alloy parent material (manufactured using Selective Laser Melting), a numerical study of the impact performance was conducted with 16 different impact energy-speed pairs. It was possible to observe the overarching trends in crashworthiness parameters, including plateau stress, densification strain, impact efficiency, and absorbed energy for a wide range of 3D lattice topologies at three relative densities. While there was no observed distinct division between the results of bending and stretching topologies, the presence of struts aligned in the impact direction did have a significant effect on the energy absorption efficiency of the lattice; topologies with struts aligned in that direction had lower efficiencies as compared to topologies without.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa S. A. ElSayed
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
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Adnan Karaarslan A, Yamak K. Wedge osteotomy combined with internal fixation in the treatment of Mayo IIB olecranon fractures. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2023; 57:372-377. [PMID: 38108316 PMCID: PMC10837580 DOI: 10.5152/j.aott.2023.23055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to biomechanically compare the maximum rotational, axial movements, and compression forces between fracture fragments before and after 1-4 mm fracture site resorption among interlocking nails, compression nails, and newly designed compressive anti-resorption (CARES) nails compressed with tube and coil spring. METHODS We determined the maximum axial/rotational movements and interfragmentary compression loads between fragments on 10 interlocking nails, 10 compression nails, and 10 CARES nails with 30 composite femurs. Using a compression-distraction testing device, 6 N·m external and internal torques were applied, and we evaluated the maximum rotational and axial displacement between fragments after 1-4 mm fracture site resorption. RESULTS When 6 N·m of internal-external rotation torque was applied after 2 mm fracture site resorption, the maximum rotational displacement between fragments in the CARES nail was 3 ± 0.52 mm, 101% less than the 6.03 ± 0.83 value in the compression nail and 100% less than the 6 ± 1 mm value measured in the interlocking nail (P=.000). The compression between fragments was 298 ± 72 N in the CARES nail after 1 mm of resorption, while this value was measured as 0 in the other nails. There was a significant difference in rotational, axial stability, and interfragment compression among the different femoral nails after 1-4 mm fracture site resorption. CONCLUSION The CARES nail having additional coil springs seems significantly biomechanically superior to compression nails and interlocking nails, providing maximum rotational, axial stability, and interfragment compression after fracture site resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Adnan Karaarslan
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences Izmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, Izmir Turkey
| | - Kamil Yamak
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Izmir Buca Seyfi Demirsoy Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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Easson GWD, Savadipour A, Gonzalez C, Guilak F, Tang SY. TRPV4 differentially controls inflammatory cytokine networks during static and dynamic compression of the intervertebral disc. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1282. [PMID: 38156056 PMCID: PMC10751971 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ion channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) critically transduces mechanical forces in the IVD, and its inhibition can prevent IVD degeneration due to static overloading. However, it remains unknown whether different modes of loading signals through TRPV4 to regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that TRPV4 signaling is essential during static and dynamic loading to mediate homeostasis and mechanotransduction. Methods Mouse functional spine units were isolated and either cyclically compressed for 5 days (1 Hz, 1 h, 10% strain) or statically compressed (24 h, 0.2 MPa). Conditioned media were monitored at 6 h, 24 h, 2 days, and 5 days, with and without TRPV4 inhibition. Effects of TRPV4 activation was also evaluated without loading. The media was analyzed for a panel of 44 cytokines using a microbead array and then a correlative network was constructed to explore the regulatory relationships during loading and TRPV4 inhibition. After the loading regimen, the IVDs were evaluated histologically for degeneration. Results Activation of TRPV4 led to an increase interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines (IL-6, IL-11, IL-16, and leukemia inhibitory factor [LIF]) and decreased the T-cell (CCL3, CCL4, CCL17, CCL20, CCL22, and CXCL10) and monocyte (CCL2 and CCL12) recruiting chemokines by the IVD. Dynamic and static loading each provoked unique chemokine correlation networks. The inhibition of TRPV4 during dynamic loading dysregulated the relationship between LIF and other cytokines, while the inhibition of TRPV4 during static loading disrupted the connectivity of IL-16 and VEGFA. Conclusions We demonstrated that TRPV4 critically mediates the cytokine production following dynamic and static loading. The activation of TRPV4 upregulated a diverse set of cytokines that may suppress the chemotaxis of T-cells and monocytes, implicating the role of TRPV4 in maintaining the immune privilege of healthy IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett W. D. Easson
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Alireza Savadipour
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Christian Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Simon Y. Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
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Husband RJ, Strohm C, Appel K, Ball OB, Briggs R, Buchen J, Cerantola V, Chariton S, Coleman AL, Cynn H, Dattelbaum D, Dwivedi A, Eggert JH, Ehm L, Evans WJ, Glazyrin K, Goncharov AF, Graafsma H, Howard A, Huston L, Hutchinson TM, Hwang H, Jacob S, Kaa J, Kim J, Kim M, Koemets E, Konôpková Z, Langenhorst F, Laurus T, Li X, Mainberger J, Marquardt H, McBride EE, McGuire C, McHardy JD, McMahon MI, McWilliams RS, Méndez ASJ, Mondal A, Morard G, O'Bannon EF, Otzen C, Pépin CM, Prakapenka VB, Prescher C, Preston TR, Redmer R, Roeper M, Sanchez-Valle C, Smith D, Smith RF, Sneed D, Speziale S, Spitzbart T, Stern S, Sturtevant BT, Sztuk-Dambietz J, Talkovski P, Velisavljevic N, Vennari C, Wu Z, Yoo CS, Zastrau U, Jenei Z, Liermann HP. A MHz X-ray diffraction set-up for dynamic compression experiments in the diamond anvil cell. J Synchrotron Radiat 2023; 30:S1600577523003910. [PMID: 37318367 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523003910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An experimental platform for dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) research has been developed at the High Energy Density (HED) Instrument at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (European XFEL). Advantage was taken of the high repetition rate of the European XFEL (up to 4.5 MHz) to collect pulse-resolved MHz X-ray diffraction data from samples as they are dynamically compressed at intermediate strain rates (≤103 s-1), where up to 352 diffraction images can be collected from a single pulse train. The set-up employs piezo-driven dDACs capable of compressing samples in ≥340 µs, compatible with the maximum length of the pulse train (550 µs). Results from rapid compression experiments on a wide range of sample systems with different X-ray scattering powers are presented. A maximum compression rate of 87 TPa s-1 was observed during the fast compression of Au, while a strain rate of ∼1100 s-1 was achieved during the rapid compression of N2 at 23 TPa s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Husband
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius Strohm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karen Appel
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Orianna B Ball
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Briggs
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Johannes Buchen
- University of Oxford, Department of Earth Sciences, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stella Chariton
- The University of Chicago, Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources, 5640 South Ellis Avenue Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Amy L Coleman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Hyunchae Cynn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Dana Dattelbaum
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Shock and Detonation Physics (M-9), PO 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Anand Dwivedi
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Jon H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Lars Ehm
- Department of Geosciences, 255 Earth and Space Sciences Building (ESS), Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA
| | - William J Evans
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | | | - Alexander F Goncharov
- Carnegie Science, Earth and Planets Laboratory, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Heinz Graafsma
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alex Howard
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Shock Physics, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Larissa Huston
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Shock and Detonation Physics (M-9), PO 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Trevor M Hutchinson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Huijeong Hwang
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sony Jacob
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Johannes Kaa
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Jaeyong Kim
- Hanyang University, Department of Physics, 17 Haengdang Dong, Seongdong gu Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseob Kim
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Shock Physics, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Egor Koemets
- University of Oxford, Department of Earth Sciences, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Falko Langenhorst
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Laurus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xinyang Li
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jona Mainberger
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Marquardt
- University of Oxford, Department of Earth Sciences, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E McBride
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Christopher McGuire
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - James D McHardy
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm I McMahon
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - R Stewart McWilliams
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Alba S J Méndez
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anshuman Mondal
- Universität Münster, Institut für Mineralogie, Corrensstraße 24, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Guillaume Morard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, ISTerre, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Earl F O'Bannon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Christoph Otzen
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Vitali B Prakapenka
- The University of Chicago, Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources, 5640 South Ellis Avenue Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Clemens Prescher
- Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Hermann-Herder-Str. 5, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Ronald Redmer
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Physik, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Roeper
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Sanchez-Valle
- Universität Münster, Institut für Mineralogie, Corrensstraße 24, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dean Smith
- Argonne National Laboratory, High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-ray Science Division (XSD), 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Raymond F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Daniel Sneed
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Sergio Speziale
- Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tobias Spitzbart
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Stern
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Blake T Sturtevant
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Shock and Detonation Physics (M-9), PO 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | | | - Peter Talkovski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nenad Velisavljevic
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Cara Vennari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Zhongyan Wu
- Hanyang University, Department of Physics, 17 Haengdang Dong, Seongdong gu Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Shik Yoo
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Shock Physics, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Ulf Zastrau
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Zsolt Jenei
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
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Li T, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Li W, Lu D, Liu Y, Qiang L, Wang T, Ren Y, Wang W, He H, Zhou X, Mao Y, Zhu J, Wang J, Chen X, Dai K. Regeneration of Humeral Head Using a 3D Bioprinted Anisotropic Scaffold with Dual Modulation of Endochondral Ossification. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2205059. [PMID: 36755334 PMCID: PMC10131811 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is theoretically thought to be a promising method for the reconstruction of biological joints, and thus, offers a potential treatment alternative for advanced osteoarthritis. However, to date, no significant progress is made in the regeneration of large biological joints. In the current study, a biomimetic scaffold for rabbit humeral head regeneration consisting of heterogeneous porous architecture, various bioinks, and different hard supporting materials in the cartilage and bone regions is designed and fabricated in one step using 3D bioprinting technology. Furthermore, orchestrated dynamic mechanical stimulus combined with different biochemical cues (parathyroid hormone [PTH] and chemical component hydroxyapatite [HA] in the outer and inner region, respectively) are used for dual regulation of endochondral ossification. Specifically, dynamic mechanical stimulus combined with growth factor PTH in the outer region inhibits endochondral ossification and results in cartilage regeneration, whereas dynamic mechanical stimulus combined with HA in the inner region promotes endochondral ossification and results in efficient subchondral bone regeneration. The strategy established in this study with the dual modulation of endochondral ossification for 3D bioprinted anisotropic scaffolds represents a versatile and scalable approach for repairing large joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic ImplantDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine639 Zhizaoju RdShanghai200011China
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineNo. 1665 Kongjiang RoadShanghai200092P. R. China
| | - Zhengjiang Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic ImplantDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine639 Zhizaoju RdShanghai200011China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Oral SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNational Center for StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyShanghai200011China
| | - Zezheng Yang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Fifth People's Hospital of ShanghaiFudan UniversityMinhang DistrictShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Wentao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic ImplantDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine639 Zhizaoju RdShanghai200011China
| | - Dezhi Lu
- School of MedicineShanghai UniversityJing An DistrictShanghai200444China
| | - Yihao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic ImplantDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine639 Zhizaoju RdShanghai200011China
| | - Lei Qiang
- Southwest JiaoTong University College of MedicineNo. 111 North 1st Section of Second Ring RoadChengdu610036China
| | - Tianchang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic ImplantDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine639 Zhizaoju RdShanghai200011China
| | - Ya Ren
- Southwest JiaoTong University College of MedicineNo. 111 North 1st Section of Second Ring RoadChengdu610036China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Southwest JiaoTong University College of MedicineNo. 111 North 1st Section of Second Ring RoadChengdu610036China
| | - Hongtao He
- The Third Ward of Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityNo. 467, Zhongshan Road, Shahekou DistrictDalianLiaoning Province116000P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsDonghua UniversityShanghai201620P. R. China
| | - Yuanqing Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic ImplantDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine639 Zhizaoju RdShanghai200011China
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineNo. 1665 Kongjiang RoadShanghai200092P. R. China
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic ImplantDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine639 Zhizaoju RdShanghai200011China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of OrthopaedicsXinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineNo. 1665 Kongjiang RoadShanghai200092P. R. China
| | - Kerong Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic ImplantDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine639 Zhizaoju RdShanghai200011China
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Chen J, Liu G, Bao T, Bai T, Zhang E, Zhao J. [Biomechanical analysis of miniplate fixation systems in restorative laminoplasty for spinal canal reconstruction]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2023; 43:331-339. [PMID: 37087576 PMCID: PMC10122743 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.03.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the biomechanical properties of H-shaped and L-shaped miniplate fixation systems (H-MFS and L-MFS, respectively) in restorative laminoplasty for spinal canal reconstruction (RL-SCR). METHODS Laminectomy was performed in a 3D printed L4 vertebral model followed by RL-SCR using H-MFS or L-MFS, and the biomechanical properties of the reconstructed models were evaluated using static and dynamic compression tests. Biomechanical analyses of RL-SCR were also conducted in finite element models of the L3-L5 vertebrae with normal assignment (NA), laminectomy, or fixation with H-MFS or L-MFS, and the range of motion (ROM) of L3-L4 and L4-L5 was evaluated. RESULTS In static compression test, the sustained yield load, compression stiffness, yield displacement and axial displacement- axial load were all significantly greater in H-MFS group (P < 0.05). Door closing, lamina collapse and plate breakage occurred in all the models in L-MFS group, and only some models in H-MFS group showed plate cracks and screw loosening. In dynamic compression tests, the peak load in H-MFS group reached 873 N (which was 95% of the average yield load in static compression), significantly greater than that in L-MFS group (P < 0.05). The ultimate load in L-MFS group was only 46.59% of that in H-MFS group (P>0.05). In finite element analysis, the ROM of the L3-L4 and L4- L5 segments were significantly smaller in NA, H-MFS and L-MFS groups than in laminectomy group. Compared with NA group, H-MFS group showed a greater ROM during extension, and L-MFS group showed greater ROM in flexion, extension, bending, and rotation; The overall ROM of the vertebral segments decreased in the order of laminectomy group, L-MFS group, H-MFS group, and NA group. CONCLUSION Laminectomy causes structural destruction of the posterior column of the spine to affect its biomechanical stability. RL-SCR can effectively maintain the biomechanical stability of the spine, and H-MFS is superior to L-MFS in maintaining the integrity and biomechanical properties of the reconstructed spinal canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - G Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - T Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - T Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - E Zhang
- Xiamen Medical Device Testing and Research Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361022, China
| | - J Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
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Ciepielewski R, Miedzińska D. A Study of Aluminum Honeycomb Structures under Dynamic Loading, with Consideration Given to the Effects of Air Leakage. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2211. [PMID: 36984093 PMCID: PMC10053189 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum honeycomb structures are used in the construction of protective materials due to the positive relationship between their mass and their energy-absorbing properties. Applying such materials in the construction of large machinery, such as military vehicles, requires the development of a new method of finite element modeling, one that considers conditions with high strain rates, because a material model is currently lacking in the available simulation software, including LS-DYNA. In the present study, we proposed and verified a method of numerically modeling honeycomb materials using a simplified Y element. Results with a good level of agreement between the full core model and the Y element were achieved. The obtained description of the material properties was used in the subsequent creation of a homogeneous model. In addition, we considered the influence of increases in pressure and the leakage of the air entrapped in the honeycomb cells. As a result, we were able to attain a high level of accuracy regarding the stress values across the entire range of progressive failure, from the loss of stability to full core densification, and across a wide range of strain rates.
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Hao P, Spronk SWF, Sevenois RDB, Van Paepegem W, Gilabert FA. Characterizing Pure Polymers under High Speed Compression for the Micromechanical Prediction of Unidirectional Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051262. [PMID: 36904505 PMCID: PMC10007160 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonlinear behaviour of fibre-reinforced polymer composites (FRPC) in transverse loading is mainly induced by the constituent polymer matrix. The thermoset and thermoplastic matrices are typically rate- and temperature-dependent, complicating the dynamic material characterization process. Under dynamic compression, the microstructure of the FRPC develops local strains and local strain rates whose values can be much higher than those applied at macroscopic level. The correlation between the local (microscopic) values and the measurable (macroscopic) ones still present challenges when applying the strain rate in the range 10-3-103 s-1. This paper presents an in-house uniaxial compression test setup to provide robust stress-strain measurements applying strain rates up to 100 s-1. A semi-crystalline thermoplastic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and a toughened thermoset epoxy PR520 are assessed and characterized. The thermomechanical response of the polymers is further modelled using an advanced glassy polymer model, naturally capturing the isothermal to adiabatic transition. A micromechanical model of a unidirectional composite undergoing dynamic compression is developed by using both validated polymers as matrices reinforced by carbon fibres (CF) using Representative Volume Element (RVE) models. These RVEs are used to analyse the correlation between the micro- and macroscopic thermomechanical response of the CF/PR520 and CF/PEEK systems investigated at intermediate to high strain rates. Both systems experience an excessive strain localization with local plastic strain about 19% when a macroscopic strain of 3.5% is applied. The comparison of using a thermoplastic and a thermoset as a matrix in composites is discussed with regard to the rate-dependence, the interface debonding and the self-heating effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Hao
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering (MaTCh), Mechanics of Materials and Structures (MMS), Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus A, Ghent University (UGent), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- SIM Program M3, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 48, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Siebe W. F. Spronk
- Solvay Materials Science Application Center, Ransbeekstraat 310, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ruben D. B. Sevenois
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering (MaTCh), Mechanics of Materials and Structures (MMS), Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus A, Ghent University (UGent), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Paepegem
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering (MaTCh), Mechanics of Materials and Structures (MMS), Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus A, Ghent University (UGent), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francisco A. Gilabert
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering (MaTCh), Mechanics of Materials and Structures (MMS), Tech Lane Ghent Science Park—Campus A, Ghent University (UGent), Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Li DX, Ma Z, Szojka ARA, Lan X, Kunze M, Mulet-Sierra A, Westover L, Adesida AB. Non-hypertrophic chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells through mechano-hypoxia programing. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231172574. [PMID: 37216035 PMCID: PMC10192798 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231172574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage tissue engineering aims to generate functional replacements to treat cartilage defects from damage and osteoarthritis. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSC) are a promising cell source for making cartilage, but current differentiation protocols require the supplementation of growth factors like TGF-β1 or -β3. This can lead to undesirable hypertrophic differentiation of hBM-MSC that progress to bone. We have found previously that exposing engineered human meniscus tissues to physiologically relevant conditions of the knee (mechanical loading and hypoxia; hence, mechano-hypoxia conditioning) increased the gene expression of hyaline cartilage markers, SOX9 and COL2A1, inhibited hypertrophic marker COL10A1, and promoted bulk mechanical property development. Adding further to this protocol, we hypothesize that combined mechano-hypoxia conditioning with TGF-β3 growth factor withdrawal will promote stable, non-hypertrophic chondrogenesis of hBM-MSC embedded in an HA-hydrogel. We found that the combined treatment upregulated many cartilage matrix- and development-related markers while suppressing many hypertrophic- and bone development-related markers. Tissue level assessments with biochemical assays, immunofluorescence, and histochemical staining confirmed the gene expression data. Further, mechanical property development in the dynamic compression treatment shows promise toward generating functional engineered cartilage through more optimized and longer culture conditions. In summary, this study introduced a novel protocol to differentiate hBM-MSC into stable, cartilage-forming cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Xinzheyang Li
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of
Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, AB, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,
Canada
| | - Zhiyao Ma
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of
Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alexander RA Szojka
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of
Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xiaoyi Lan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of
Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, AB, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,
Canada
| | - Melanie Kunze
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of
Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aillette Mulet-Sierra
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of
Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lindsey Westover
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Adetola B Adesida
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of
Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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10
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Xie H, Zhang X, Miao F, Jiang T, Zhu Y, Wu X, Zhou L. Separate Calibration of Johnson-Cook Model for Static and Dynamic Compression of a DNAN-Based Melt-Cast Explosive. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5931. [PMID: 36079315 PMCID: PMC9457456 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When describing the relation between the flow stress and plastic strain of a material under a wide range of strain rates and temperatures, the original Johnson-Cook model generally requires a complicated modification, resulting in a loss of simplicity and clear physical interpretation. In this paper, without modification, the original Johnson-Cook model was calibrated separately for the static and dynamic compression of a DNAN-based melt-cast explosive. The stress-strain curves for static and dynamic compression of this explosive were experimentally measured with a universal testing machine and a split-Hopkinson pressure bar, respectively. Based on the stress-strain curves, the flow stress vs. plastic strain data were extracted and used to calibrate the Johnson-Cook model. The calibration process is described. The parameters for the strain term, strain rate term, and temperature term were fitted sequentially. One set of model parameters was not able to fully describe the relationship between flow stress and plastic strain for both the static and dynamic compression of the DNAN-based melt-cast explosive. Two sets of model parameters were separately calibrated and compared for the static and dynamic compression of this explosive. The effects of the adiabatic temperature rise and the definition of the yield point on this calibration were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Feichao Miao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Chongqing Hongyu Precision Industry Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing 402760, China
| | - Yingzhong Zhu
- Chongqing Hongyu Precision Industry Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing 402760, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Chongqing Hongyu Precision Industry Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing 402760, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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11
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Wu H, Tan Y, Malik A, Wang Y, Hassan Naqvi SZ, Cheng H, Tian J, Meng X. Dynamic Compressive Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of Rolled Fe-28Mn-10Al-1.2C Low-Density Steel. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15103550. [PMID: 35629578 PMCID: PMC9145048 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the quasi-static and dynamic compressive mechanical behavior of a rolled Fe-28Mn-10Al-1.2C steel (low-density) was investigated. X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were conducted to characterize the microstructure evolution. The results displayed that the steel has remarkable strain rate sensitivity and strong strain hardenability under high strain rate compression. Most specifically, the deformation behavior was changed with the increase in the strain rate. A feasible mathematical analysis for the calculation of stacking fault energies and the critical resolve shear stresses for twinning was employed and discussed the nucleation of the twinning. The microband-induced plasticity and twinning-induced plasticity controlled the deformation under high strain rate compression and provided a strong strain hardening effect. The higher mechanical response can increase the broad use of low-density steel in automobile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- China Automotive Technology & Research Center Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300162, China; (H.W.); (J.T.); (X.M.)
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.T.); (H.C.)
| | - Abdul Malik
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.T.); (H.C.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yangwei Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.T.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Syed Zohaib Hassan Naqvi
- Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47080, Pakistan;
| | - Huanwu Cheng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.T.); (H.C.)
| | - Jiebin Tian
- China Automotive Technology & Research Center Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300162, China; (H.W.); (J.T.); (X.M.)
| | - Xianming Meng
- China Automotive Technology & Research Center Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300162, China; (H.W.); (J.T.); (X.M.)
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12
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Sévelin-Radiguet N, Torchio R, Berruyer G, Gonzalez H, Pasternak S, Perrin F, Occelli F, Pépin C, Sollier A, Kraus D, Schuster A, Voigt K, Zhang M, Amouretti A, Boury A, Fiquet G, Guyot F, Harmand M, Borri M, Groves J, Helsby W, Branly S, Norby J, Pascarelli S, Mathon O. Towards a dynamic compression facility at the ESRF. J Synchrotron Radiat 2022; 29:167-179. [PMID: 34985434 PMCID: PMC8733990 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521011632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Results of the 2018 commissioning and experimental campaigns of the new High Power Laser Facility on the Energy-dispersive X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (ED-XAS) beamline ID24 at the ESRF are presented. The front-end of the future laser, delivering 15 J in 10 ns, was interfaced to the beamline. Laser-driven dynamic compression experiments were performed on iron oxides, iron alloys and bismuth probed by online time-resolved XAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sévelin-Radiguet
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Raffaella Torchio
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Berruyer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Hervé Gonzalez
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Pasternak
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Florian Perrin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Florent Occelli
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - Charles Pépin
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - Arnaud Sollier
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - Dominik Kraus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 23–24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anja Schuster
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Voigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Min Zhang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alexis Amouretti
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR 7590 – Sorbonne Université/CNRS/MNHN/IRD, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Boury
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR 7590 – Sorbonne Université/CNRS/MNHN/IRD, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Fiquet
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR 7590 – Sorbonne Université/CNRS/MNHN/IRD, 75252 Paris, France
| | - François Guyot
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR 7590 – Sorbonne Université/CNRS/MNHN/IRD, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Marion Harmand
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR 7590 – Sorbonne Université/CNRS/MNHN/IRD, 75252 Paris, France
| | | | - Janet Groves
- STFC, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stéphane Branly
- Amplitude Technologies, 2–4 Rue du Bois Chaland, CE 2926, 91029 Évry, France
| | - James Norby
- Amplitude Technologies, 2–4 Rue du Bois Chaland, CE 2926, 91029 Évry, France
| | - Sakura Pascarelli
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Mathon
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
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Werling T, Baumann G, Feist F, Sinz W, Ellersdorfer C. On the Dynamic Electro-Mechanical Failure Behavior of Automotive High-Voltage Busbars Using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14216320. [PMID: 34771845 PMCID: PMC8585170 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-voltage busbars are important electrical components in today's electric vehicle battery systems. Mechanical deformations in the event of a vehicle crash could lead to electrical busbar failure and hazardous situations that pose a threat to people and surroundings. In order to ensure a safe application of busbars, this study investigated their mechanical behavior under high strain rate loading using a split Hopkinson pressure bar. Two different types of high-voltage busbars, consisting of a polyamide 12 and a glass-fiber-reinforced (30%) polyamide 6 insulation layer, were tested. Additionally, the test setup included a 1000 V electrical short circuit measurement to link the electrical with the mechanical failure. It was found that the polyamide 12 insulated busbars' safety regarding insulation failure increases at high loading speed compared to quasi-static measurements. On the contrary, the fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 insulated busbar revealed highly brittle material behavior leading to reduced bearable loads and intrusions. Finally, the split Hopkinson pressure bar tests were simulated. Existing material models for the thermoplastics were complemented with an optimized generalized incremental stress state-dependent model (GISSMO) with strain rate dependency. A good agreement with the experimental behavior was achieved, although the absence of viscoelasticity in the underlying material models was notable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Werling
- Mercedes-Benz AG, HPC X631, 71059 Sindelfingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (G.B.)
| | - Georg Baumann
- VSI—Institute of Vehicle Safety, University of Technology Graz, Inffeldgasse 23/I, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.F.); (W.S.); (C.E.)
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (G.B.)
| | - Florian Feist
- VSI—Institute of Vehicle Safety, University of Technology Graz, Inffeldgasse 23/I, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.F.); (W.S.); (C.E.)
| | - Wolfgang Sinz
- VSI—Institute of Vehicle Safety, University of Technology Graz, Inffeldgasse 23/I, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.F.); (W.S.); (C.E.)
| | - Christian Ellersdorfer
- VSI—Institute of Vehicle Safety, University of Technology Graz, Inffeldgasse 23/I, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.F.); (W.S.); (C.E.)
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14
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Wu Z, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Zhao S, Wang Q. Microstructure Evolution Mechanism of W f/Cu 82Al 10Fe 4Ni 4 Composites under Dynamic Compression at Different Temperatures and Strain Rates. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:5563. [PMID: 34639960 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wf/Cu82Al10Fe4Ni4 composites were fabricated by the pressure infiltration method. The composites were compressed by means of a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) with strain rates of 800 and 1600 s-1 at different temperatures. The microstructure of the composites after dynamic compressing was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Observation revealed that there were high-density dislocations, stacking faults, twins, and recrystallization existing in the copper alloy matrix of the composites. High-density dislocations, stacking faults, and twins were generated due to the significant plastic deformation of the copper alloy matrix under dynamic load impact. We also found that the precipitated phase of the matrix played a role in the second phase strengthening; recrystallized microstructures of copper alloy were generated due to dynamic recrystallization of the copper alloy matrix under dynamic compression at high temperatures.
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15
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Szojka ARA, Li DX, Sopcak MEJ, Ma Z, Kunze M, Mulet-Sierra A, Adeeb SM, Westover L, Jomha NM, Adesida AB. Mechano-Hypoxia Conditioning of Engineered Human Meniscus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:739438. [PMID: 34540817 PMCID: PMC8446439 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.739438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Meniscus fibrochondrocytes (MFCs) experience simultaneous hypoxia and mechanical loading in the knee joint. Experimental conditions based on these aspects of the native MFC environment may have promising applications in human meniscus tissue engineering. We hypothesized that in vitro “mechano-hypoxia conditioning” with mechanical loading such as dynamic compression (DC) and cyclic hydrostatic pressure (CHP) would enhance development of human meniscus fibrocartilage extracellular matrix in vitro. MFCs from inner human meniscus surgical discards were pre-cultured on porous type I collagen scaffolds with TGF-β3 supplementation to form baseline tissues with newly formed matrix that were used in a series of experiments. First, baseline tissues were treated with DC or CHP under hypoxia (HYP, 3% O2) for 5 days. DC was the more effective load regime in inducing gene expression changes, and combined HYP/DC enhanced gene expression of fibrocartilage precursors. The individual treatments of DC and HYP regulated thousands of genes, such as chondrogenic markers SOX5/6, in an overwhelmingly additive rather than synergistic manner. Similar baseline tissues were then treated with a short course of DC (5 vs 60 min, 10–20% vs 30–40% strain) with different pre-culture duration (3 vs 6 weeks). The longer course of loading (60 min) had diminishing returns in regulating mechano-sensitive and inflammatory genes such as c-FOS and PTGS2, suggesting that as few as 5 min of DC was adequate. There was a dose-effect in gene regulation by higher DC strains, whereas outcomes were inconsistent for different MFC donors in pre-culture durations. A final set of baseline tissues was then cultured for 3 weeks with mechano-hypoxia conditioning to assess mechanical and protein-level outcomes. There were 1.8–5.1-fold gains in the dynamic modulus relative to baseline in HYP/DC, but matrix outcomes were equal or inferior to static controls. Long-term mechano-hypoxia conditioning was effective in suppressing hypertrophic markers (e.g., COL10A1 10-fold suppression vs static/normoxia). Taken together, these results indicate that appropriately applied mechano-hypoxia conditioning can support meniscus fibrocartilage development in vitro and may be useful as a strategy for developing non-hypertrophic articular cartilage using mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R A Szojka
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Xinzheyang Li
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Malou E J Sopcak
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zhiyao Ma
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Melanie Kunze
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aillette Mulet-Sierra
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Samer M Adeeb
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lindsey Westover
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nadr M Jomha
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Adetola B Adesida
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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16
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Cambria E, Heusser S, Scheuren AC, Tam WK, Karol AA, Hitzl W, Leung VY, Müller R, Ferguson SJ, Wuertz‐Kozak K. TRPV4 mediates cell damage induced by hyperphysiological compression and regulates COX2/PGE2 in intervertebral discs. JOR Spine 2021; 4:e1149. [PMID: 34611585 PMCID: PMC8479521 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant mechanical loading of the spine causes intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and low back pain. Current therapies do not target the mediators of the underlying mechanosensing and mechanotransduction pathways, as these are poorly understood. This study investigated the role of the mechanosensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel in dynamic compression of bovine nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in vitro and mouse IVDs in vivo. METHODS Degenerative changes and the expression of the inflammatory mediator cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) were examined histologically in the IVDs of mouse tails that were dynamically compressed at a short repetitive hyperphysiological regime (vs sham). Bovine NP cells embedded in an agarose-collagen hydrogel were dynamically compressed at a hyperphysiological regime in the presence or absence of the selective TRPV4 antagonist GSK2193874. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release, as well as phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), were analyzed. Degenerative changes and COX2 expression were further evaluated in the IVDs of trpv4-deficient mice (vs wild-type; WT). RESULTS Dynamic compression caused IVD degeneration in vivo as previously shown but did not affect COX2 expression. Dynamic compression significantly augmented LDH and PGE2 releases in vitro, which were significantly reduced by TRPV4 inhibition. Moreover, TRPV4 inhibition during dynamic compression increased the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK) MAPK pathway by 3.13-fold compared to non-compressed samples. Trpv4-deficient mice displayed mild IVD degeneration and decreased COX2 expression compared to WT mice. CONCLUSIONS TRPV4 therefore regulates COX2/PGE2 and mediates cell damage induced by hyperphysiological dynamic compression, possibly via ERK. Targeted TRPV4 inhibition or knockdown might thus constitute promising therapeutic approaches to treat patients suffering from IVD pathologies caused by aberrant mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cambria
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sally Heusser
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Wai Kit Tam
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Agnieszka A. Karol
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Wolfgang Hitzl
- Research Office (Biostatistics)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Department of Ophthalmology and OptometryParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma ResearchParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Victor Y. Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Karin Wuertz‐Kozak
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Spine Center, Schön Klinik München HarlachingAcademic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg (Austria)MunichGermany
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17
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Faria B, von Hafe P, Faria R, Almeida F, Português J, Cardoso F, Machado I, Ribeiro S, Dias G, Lourenço A. Pseudoaneurysm: an unusual cause of acute myocardial infarction. Acta Cardiol 2021; 76:792-793. [PMID: 32519931 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2020.1774181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bebiana Faria
- Hospital Senhora da Oliveira – Guimarães, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro von Hafe
- Hospital Senhora da Oliveira – Guimarães, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rita Faria
- Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Gaia, Portugal
| | - Filipa Almeida
- Hospital Senhora da Oliveira – Guimarães, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Português
- Hospital Senhora da Oliveira – Guimarães, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipa Cardoso
- Hospital Senhora da Oliveira – Guimarães, Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Sílvia Ribeiro
- Hospital Senhora da Oliveira – Guimarães, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Geraldo Dias
- Hospital Senhora da Oliveira – Guimarães, Guimarães, Portugal
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18
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Chen Y, Li H, Dai L, Yin Q, Li D, Wang X. Imaging observation of percutaneous compression plate use in promoting femoral neck fracture healing. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211033501. [PMID: 34407688 PMCID: PMC8381436 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211033501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the imaging evidence of the use of percutaneous compression plate
(PCCP) in promoting femoral neck fracture healing compared with cannulated
screws (CS). Methods This retrospective study enrolled patients with femoral neck fractures
undergoing internal fixation procedures. The patients were divided into a
PCCP group and a CS group with imaging as the primary outcome and Harris hip
score (HHS) as the secondary outcome. Results This study included 162 patients: 80 in the PCCP group and 82 in the CS
group. There were no significant differences between the patients in their
preoperative baseline characteristics. Patient follow-up ranged from 24–56
months (mean 30.7 months). Differences in reduction quality, screw slipping,
neck shortening and avascular necrosis (AVN) were not significant between
the two groups. There were significant differences between the treatment
groups in bone absorption, nonunion, healing time, screw withdrawal and
fixation failure in favour of the PCCP group. Postoperative HHS at 6 and 12
months were significantly better for the PCCP group than the CS group, but
the differences were not significant at 24 months and last follow-up. Conclusion Stable internal fixation with dynamic compression was the key to PCCP
promoting femoral neck fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Liyang People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, 12582Soochow University, Wuxi No. 9 People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liansheng Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangnan University Affiliated Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qudong Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, 12582Soochow University, Wuxi No. 9 People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Radiology, Liyang People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Department of Radiology, Liyang People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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19
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Yang M, Zhang F, Yu W, Bai Y, Liu Z. Microstructural Characteristics and Subsequent Soften Mechanical Response in Transverse Direction of Wrought AZ31 with Elevated Compression Temperature. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14144055. [PMID: 34300974 PMCID: PMC8307632 DOI: 10.3390/ma14144055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of temperature on the microstructure evolution and mechanical response in the transverse direction of a wrought AZ31 (AZ31-TD) alloy under a high strain rate, the dynamic compression was conducted using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus and a resistance-heated furnace under 1000 s−1 at 20–250 °C. By combining optical and EBSD observations, the microstructure’s evolution was specifically analyzed. With the help of theoretically calculated Schmid Factors (SF) and Critical Resolved Shear Stress (CRSS), the activation and development deformation mechanisms are systematically discussed in the current study. The results demonstrated that the stress–strain curves are converted from a sigmoidal curve to a concave-down curve, which is caused by the preferentially and main deformation mechanism {101¯2} tension twinning gradually converting to simultaneously exist with the deformation mechanism of a non-basal slip at an elevated temperature, then completing with each other. Finally, the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and non-basal slip are largely activated and enhanced by temperature elevated to weaken the {101¯2} tension twinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yang
- School of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (M.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.B.)
- Muroran Institute of Technology, Division of Engineering, Muroran 050-8585, Japan
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (M.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.B.)
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (M.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-9884-4782
| | - Yikui Bai
- School of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (M.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.B.)
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China;
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20
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Szojka AR, Marqueti RDC, Li DX, Molter CW, Liang Y, Kunze M, Mulet-Sierra A, Jomha NM, Adesida AB. Human engineered meniscus transcriptome after short-term combined hypoxia and dynamic compression. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:2041731421990842. [PMID: 33613959 PMCID: PMC7874349 DOI: 10.1177/2041731421990842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the transcriptome response of meniscus fibrochondrocytes (MFCs) to the low oxygen and mechanical loading signals experienced in the knee joint using a model system. We hypothesized that short term exposure to the combined treatment would promote a matrix-forming phenotype supportive of inner meniscus tissue formation. Human MFCs on a collagen scaffold were stimulated to form fibrocartilage over 6 weeks under normoxic (NRX, 20% O2) conditions with supplemented TGF-β3. Tissues experienced a delayed 24h hypoxia treatment (HYP, 3% O2) and then 5 min of dynamic compression (DC) between 30 and 40% strain. Delayed HYP induced an anabolic and anti-catabolic expression profile for hyaline cartilage matrix markers, while DC induced an inflammatory matrix remodeling response along with upregulation of both SOX9 and COL1A1. There were 41 genes regulated by both HYP and DC. Overall, the combined treatment supported a unique gene expression profile favouring the hyaline cartilage aspect of inner meniscus matrix and matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ra Szojka
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rita de Cássia Marqueti
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - David Xinzheyang Li
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Clayton W Molter
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Melanie Kunze
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aillette Mulet-Sierra
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nadr M Jomha
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Adetola B Adesida
- Department of Surgery, Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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21
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Tang R, Yu Z, Liu G, Li F, Tang W. Uniaxial Dynamic Compressive Behaviors of Hydraulic Asphalt Concrete under the Coupling Effect between Temperature and Strain Rate. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E5348. [PMID: 33255829 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the compressive dynamic properties of hydraulic asphalt concrete under various temperatures, four temperatures and four strain rates have been set to perform the uniaxial compression experiments using hydraulic servo machine in this paper. The influence of temperature and strain rate on the failure modes, stress-strain curves and mechanical characteristic parameters of hydraulic asphalt concrete is analyzed and the results reveal that the failure modes and stress-strain curves have significant temperature effect. When the temperature is between −20 °C and 0 °C, the failure mode is dominated by brittle failure of asphalt binder, and hydraulic asphalt concrete shows obvious strain softening. With the addition of temperature, the failure modes of specimens are transferred from brittle failure to ductile failure since the asphalt changes from elastic-brittleness to viscoelasticity. Influenced by temperature effect, the compressive stress-strain curves of hydraulic asphalt concrete show strain hardening while the peak stress of hydraulic asphalt concrete is obviously decreased, and the variation coefficient of peak stress has a power relation with temperature. With successive increases in strain rate, the stress-strain curves of hydraulic asphalt concrete gradually are transferred from strain hardening to strain softening. The peak stress and stiffness modulus of specimens under compression gradually increase, and the dynamic increase factor of peak stress is linearly related with the logarithm value of strain rate after dimensionless treatment. In terms of the quantitative analysis of the experimental data, two relationship models of the coupling effect between temperature and strain rate are proposed. The proposed models have good applicability to the quantitative analysis of the experimental results in the manuscript. This paper offers important insights into the application and development of hydraulic asphalt concrete in hydraulic engineering.
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22
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Płatek P, Rajkowski K, Cieplak K, Sarzyński M, Małachowski J, Woźniak R, Janiszewski J. Deformation Process of 3D Printed Structures Made from Flexible Material with Different Values of Relative Density. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092120. [PMID: 32957601 PMCID: PMC7569865 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this article is the analysis of the deformation process of regular cell structures under quasi-static load conditions. The methodology used in the presented investigations included a manufacturability study, strength tests of the base material as well as experimental and numerical compression tests of developed regular cellular structures. A regular honeycomb and four variants with gradually changing topologies of different relative density values have been successfully designed and produced in the TPU-Polyflex flexible thermoplastic polyurethane material using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technique. Based on the results of performed technological studies, the most productive and accurate 3D printing parameters for the thermoplastic polyurethane filament were defined. It has been found that the 3D printed Polyflex material is characterised by a very high flexibility (elongation up to 380%) and a non-linear stress-strain relationship. A detailed analysis of the compression process of the structure specimens revealed that buckling and bending were the main mechanisms responsible for the deformation of developed structures. The Finite Element (FE) method and Ls Dyna software were used to conduct computer simulations reflecting the mechanical response of the structural specimens subjected to a quasi-static compression load. The hyperelastic properties of the TPU material were described with the Simplified Rubber Material (SRM) constitutive model. The proposed FE models, as well as assumed initial boundary conditions, were successfully validated. The results obtained from computer simulations agreed well with the data from the experimental compression tests. A linear relationship was found between the relative density and the maximum strain energy value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Płatek
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (K.C.); (M.S.); (R.W.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-261-839-657
| | - Kamil Rajkowski
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (K.C.); (M.S.); (R.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Kamil Cieplak
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (K.C.); (M.S.); (R.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Marcin Sarzyński
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (K.C.); (M.S.); (R.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Jerzy Małachowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Woźniak
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (K.C.); (M.S.); (R.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Jacek Janiszewski
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (K.C.); (M.S.); (R.W.); (J.J.)
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23
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Płatek P, Sienkiewicz J, Janiszewski J, Jiang F. Investigations on Mechanical Properties of Lattice Structures with Different Values of Relative Density Made from 316L by Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13092204. [PMID: 32403406 PMCID: PMC7254314 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nine variants of regular lattice structures with different relative densities have been designed and successfully manufactured. The produced structures have been subjected to geometrical quality control, and the manufacturability of the implemented selective laser melting (SLM) technique has been assessed. It was found that the dimensions of the produced lattice struts differ from those of the designed struts. These deviations depend on the strut orientation in relation to the specimen-building direction. Additionally, the microstructures and phase compositions of the obtained structures were characterized and compared with those of conventionally produced 316L stainless steel. The microstructure analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed a single austenite phase in the SLM samples. Both a certain broadening and a displacement of the austenite peaks were observed due to residual stresses and a crystallographic texture induced by the SLM process. Furthermore, the mechanical behavior of the lattice structure material has been defined. It was demonstrated that under both quasi-static and dynamic testing, lattice structures with high relative densities are stretch-dominated, whereas those with low relative densities are bending-dominated. Moreover, the linear dependency between the value of energy absorption and relative density under dynamic loading conditions has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Płatek
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (J.S.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-261-839-657
| | - Judyta Sienkiewicz
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (J.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Jacek Janiszewski
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (J.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Fengchun Jiang
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nan-Tong Street, Harbin 15000, China;
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24
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Jankowiak T, Rusinek A, Voyiadjis GZ. Modeling and Design of SHPB to Characterize Brittle Materials Under Compression for High Strain Rates. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E2191. [PMID: 32397607 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an analytical prediction coupled with numerical simulations of a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) that could be used during further experiments to measure the dynamic compression strength of concrete. The current study combines experimental, modeling and numerical results, permitting an inverse method by which to validate measurements. An analytical prediction is conducted to determine the waves propagation present in SHPB using a one-dimensional theory and assuming a strain rate dependence of the material strength. This method can be used by designers of new SPHB experimental setups to predict compressive strength or strain rates reached during tests, or to check the consistencies of predicted results. Numerical simulation results obtained using LS-DYNA finite element software are also presented in this paper, and are used to compare the predictions with the analytical results. This work focuses on an SPHB setup that can accurately identify the strain rate sensitivities of concrete or brittle materials.
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25
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Cambria E, Brunner S, Heusser S, Fisch P, Hitzl W, Ferguson SJ, Wuertz-Kozak K. Cell-Laden Agarose-Collagen Composite Hydrogels for Mechanotransduction Studies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:346. [PMID: 32373605 PMCID: PMC7186378 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing investigation of cellular mechanotransduction mechanisms requires biomaterials combining biofunctionality and suitable mechanical properties. Agarose is a standard biomaterial for cartilage and intervertebral disc mechanobiology studies, but lacks adhesion motifs and the necessary cell-matrix interaction for mechanotransduction. Here, collagen type I was blended at two concentrations (2 and 4.5 mg/mL) with agarose 2% wt/vol. The composite hydrogels were characterized in terms of structural homogeneity, rheological properties and size stability. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cell viability, proliferation, morphology, gene expression, GAG production, adhesion and mechanotransduction ability were further tested. Blended hydrogels presented a homogenous network of the two polymers. While the addition of 4.5 mg/mL collagen significantly decreased the storage modulus and increased the loss modulus of the gels, blended gels containing 2 mg/mL collagen displayed similar mechanical properties to agarose. Hydrogel size was conserved over 21 days for all agarose-based gels. Embedded cells were viable (>80%) and presented reduced proliferation and a round morphology typical of NP cells in vivo. Gene expression of collagen types I and II and aggrecan significantly increased in blended hydrogels from day 1 to 7, further resulting in a significantly superior GAG/DNA ratio compared to agarose gels at day 7. Agarose-collagen hydrogels not only promoted cell adhesion, contrary to agarose gels, but also showed a 5.36-fold higher focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation (pFAK/β-tubulin) when not compressed, and increased pFAK/FAK values 10 min after compression. Agarose-collagen thus outperforms agarose, mimics native tissues constituted of non-fibrillar matrix and collagens, and allows exploring complex loading in a highly reproducible system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cambria
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Brunner
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sally Heusser
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Fisch
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Hitzl
- Research Office (Biostatistics), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States.,Spine Center, Schön Klinik München Harlaching, Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg (Austria), Munich, Germany
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26
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Abstract
Current animal models of nerve root compression due to lumbar disc herniation only assess the mechanical compression of nerve roots and the inflammatory response. Moreover, the pressure applied in these models is static, meaning that the nerve root cannot be dynamically compressed. This is very different from the pathogenesis of lumbar disc herniation. In this study, a chitosan/polyacrylamide double-network hydrogel was prepared by a simple two-step method. The swelling ratio of the double-network hydrogel increased with prolonged time, reaching 140. The compressive strength and compressive modulus of the hydrogel reached 53.6 and 0.34 MPa, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the hydrogel’s crosslinked structure with many interconnecting pores. An MTT assay demonstrated that the number of viable cells in contact with the hydrogel extracts did not significantly change relative to the control surface. Thus, the hydrogel had good biocompatibility. Finally, the double-network hydrogel was used to compress the L4 nerve root of male sand rats to simulate lumbar disc herniation nerve root compression. The hydrogel remained in its original position after compression, and swelled with increasing time. Edema appeared around the nerve root and disappeared 3 weeks after operation. This chitosan/polyacrylamide double-network hydrogel has potential as a new implant material for animal models of lumbar nerve root compression. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Neurosurgical Institute of Beijing, Capital Medical University, China (approval No. 201601006) on July 29, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Meng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Yu Yang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing; Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jia-Xi Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Zhi Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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27
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Kim YJ, Lee YH, Lee S, Nada H, Lee GW. Shock growth of ice crystal near equilibrium melting pressure under dynamic compression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:8679-84. [PMID: 30988187 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818122116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystal growth and morphological transitions are crucial for fundamental science and wide applications. Nevertheless, their mechanisms under local nonequilibrium growth condition are unclear due to severe interference of thermal and mass transports on the interplay between thermodynamic driving force and interface kinetics. Here, we reveal the origin of the pressure-induced 2D shock growth of ice VI crystal by using dynamic compression, in which a dimensional transition from 3D to 2D is observed. Unlike generally expected, the 2D shock growth occurs from 3D crystal edges rather than from its corners upon fast compression, even near equilibrium growth condition. This is due to similar interface structure to the crystal edge plane facilitating the fast interface kinetics under local nonequilibrium growth. Crystal growth is governed by an interplay between macroscopic driving force and microscopic interface kinetics at the crystal–liquid interface. Unlike the local equilibrium growth condition, the interplay becomes blurred under local nonequilibrium, which raises many questions about the nature of diverse crystal growth and morphological transitions. Here, we systematically control the growth condition from local equilibrium to local nonequilibrium by using an advanced dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) and generate anomalously fast growth of ice VI phase with a morphological transition from three- to two-dimension (3D to 2D), which is called a shock crystal growth. Unlike expected, the shock growth occurs from the edges of 3D crystal along the (112) crystal plane rather than its corners, which implies that the fast compression yields effectively large overpressure at the crystal–liquid interface, manifesting the local nonequilibrium condition. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation reproduces the faster growth of the (112) plane than other planes upon applying large overpressure. Moreover, the MD study reveals that the 2D shock crystal growth originates from the similarity of the interface structure between water and the (112) crystal plane under the large overpressure. This study provides insight into crystal growth under dynamic compressions, which makes a bridge for the unknown behaviors of crystal growth between under static and dynamic pressure conditions.
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28
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Binaural cues such as interaural level differences (ILDs) are used to organise auditory perception and to segregate sound sources in complex acoustical environments. In bilaterally fitted hearing aids, dynamic-range compression operating independently at each ear potentially alters these ILDs, thus distorting binaural perception and sound source segregation. DESIGN A binaurally-linked model-based fast-acting dynamic compression algorithm designed to approximate the normal-hearing basilar membrane (BM) input-output function in hearing-impaired listeners is suggested. A multi-center evaluation in comparison with an alternative binaural and two bilateral fittings was performed to assess the effect of binaural synchronisation on (a) speech intelligibility and (b) perceived quality in realistic conditions. STUDY SAMPLE 30 and 12 hearing impaired (HI) listeners were aided individually with the algorithms for both experimental parts, respectively. RESULTS A small preference towards the proposed model-based algorithm in the direct quality comparison was found. However, no benefit of binaural-synchronisation regarding speech intelligibility was found, suggesting a dominant role of the better ear in all experimental conditions. CONCLUSION The suggested binaural synchronisation of compression algorithms showed a limited effect on the tested outcome measures, however, linking could be situationally beneficial to preserve a natural binaural perception of the acoustical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan M A Ernst
- a Medizinische Physik and Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all , Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Oldenburg , Germany and
| | - Steffen Kortlang
- a Medizinische Physik and Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all , Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Oldenburg , Germany and
| | - Giso Grimm
- a Medizinische Physik and Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all , Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Oldenburg , Germany and.,b HörTech gGmbH , Oldenburg , Germany
| | | | - Birger Kollmeier
- a Medizinische Physik and Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all , Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Oldenburg , Germany and.,b HörTech gGmbH , Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Stephan D Ewert
- a Medizinische Physik and Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all , Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Oldenburg , Germany and
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Anderson DE, Johnstone B. Dynamic Mechanical Compression of Chondrocytes for Tissue Engineering: A Critical Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:76. [PMID: 29322043 PMCID: PMC5732133 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage functions to transmit and translate loads. In a classical structure-function relationship, the tissue resides in a dynamic mechanical environment that drives the formation of a highly organized tissue architecture suited to its biomechanical role. The dynamic mechanical environment includes multiaxial compressive and shear strains as well as hydrostatic and osmotic pressures. As the mechanical environment is known to modulate cell fate and influence tissue development toward a defined architecture in situ, dynamic mechanical loading has been hypothesized to induce the structure-function relationship during attempts at in vitro regeneration of articular cartilage. Researchers have designed increasingly sophisticated bioreactors with dynamic mechanical regimes, but the response of chondrocytes to dynamic compression and shear loading remains poorly characterized due to wide variation in study design, system variables, and outcome measurements. We assessed the literature pertaining to the use of dynamic compressive bioreactors for in vitro generation of cartilaginous tissue from primary and expanded chondrocytes. We used specific search terms to identify relevant publications from the PubMed database and manually sorted the data. It was very challenging to find consensus between studies because of species, age, cell source, and culture differences, coupled with the many loading regimes and the types of analyses used. Early studies that evaluated the response of primary bovine chondrocytes within hydrogels, and that employed dynamic single-axis compression with physiologic loading parameters, reported consistently favorable responses at the tissue level, with upregulation of biochemical synthesis and biomechanical properties. However, they rarely assessed the cellular response with gene expression or mechanotransduction pathway analyses. Later studies that employed increasingly sophisticated biomaterial-based systems, cells derived from different species, and complex loading regimes, did not necessarily corroborate prior positive results. These studies report positive results with respect to very specific conditions for cellular responses to dynamic load but fail to consistently achieve significant positive changes in relevant tissue engineering parameters, particularly collagen content and stiffness. There is a need for standardized methods and analyses of dynamic mechanical loading systems to guide the field of tissue engineering toward building cartilaginous implants that meet the goal of regenerating articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon E Anderson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Brian Johnstone
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Langner F, Jürgens T. Forward-Masked Frequency Selectivity Improvements in Simulated and Actual Cochlear Implant Users Using a Preprocessing Algorithm. Trends Hear 2016; 20:20/0/2331216516659632. [PMID: 27604785 PMCID: PMC5017570 DOI: 10.1177/2331216516659632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequency selectivity can be quantified using masking paradigms, such as psychophysical tuning curves (PTCs). Normal-hearing (NH) listeners show sharp PTCs that are level- and frequency-dependent, whereas frequency selectivity is strongly reduced in cochlear implant (CI) users. This study aims at (a) assessing individual shapes of PTCs in CI users, (b) comparing these shapes to those of simulated CI listeners (NH listeners hearing through a CI simulation), and (c) increasing the sharpness of PTCs using a biologically inspired dynamic compression algorithm, BioAid, which has been shown to sharpen the PTC shape in hearing-impaired listeners. A three-alternative-forced-choice forward-masking technique was used to assess PTCs in 8 CI users (with their own speech processor) and 11 NH listeners (with and without listening through a vocoder to simulate electric hearing). CI users showed flat PTCs with large interindividual variability in shape, whereas simulated CI listeners had PTCs of the same average flatness, but more homogeneous shapes across listeners. The algorithm BioAid was used to process the stimuli before entering the CI users’ speech processor or the vocoder simulation. This algorithm was able to partially restore frequency selectivity in both groups, particularly in seven out of eight CI users, meaning significantly sharper PTCs than in the unprocessed condition. The results indicate that algorithms can improve the large-scale sharpness of frequency selectivity in some CI users. This finding may be useful for the design of sound coding strategies particularly for situations in which high frequency selectivity is desired, such as for music perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Langner
- Medizinische Physik, Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all," Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany Forschungszentrum Neurosensorik, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Jürgens
- Medizinische Physik, Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all," Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany Forschungszentrum Neurosensorik, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
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Denoeud A, Ozaki N, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Uranishi H, Kondo Y, Kodama R, Brambrink E, Ravasio A, Bocoum M, Boudenne JM, Harmand M, Guyot F, Mazevet S, Riley D, Makita M, Sano T, Sakawa Y, Inubushi Y, Gregori G, Koenig M, Morard G. Dynamic X-ray diffraction observation of shocked solid iron up to 170 GPa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:7745-9. [PMID: 27357672 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1512127113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of the iron phase diagram under high pressure and temperature is crucial for the determination of the composition of the cores of rocky planets and for better understanding the generation of planetary magnetic fields. Here we present X-ray diffraction results from laser-driven shock-compressed single-crystal and polycrystalline iron, indicating the presence of solid hexagonal close-packed iron up to pressure of at least 170 GPa along the principal Hugoniot, corresponding to a temperature of 4,150 K. This is confirmed by the agreement between the pressure obtained from the measurement of the iron volume in the sample and the inferred shock strength from velocimetry deductions. Results presented in this study are of the first importance regarding pure Fe phase diagram probed under dynamic compression and can be applied to study conditions that are relevant to Earth and super-Earth cores.
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Remya NS, Nair PD. Mechanoresponsiveness of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in in vitro chondrogenesis-A comparative study with growth factor induction. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2554-66. [PMID: 27227673 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fetal-derived mesenchymal stem cells especially human umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs), with their ease of availability, pluripotency, and high expansion potential have emerged as an alternative solution for stem cell based cartilage therapies. An attempt to elucidate the effect of dynamic mechanical compression in modulating the chondrogenic differentiation of hUCMSCs is done in this study to add on to the knowledge of optimizing chondrogenic signals necessary for the effective differentiation of these stem cells and subsequent integration to the surrounding tissues. hUCMSCs were seeded in porous poly (vinyl alcohol)-poly (caprolactone) (PVA-PCL) scaffolds and cultured in chondrogenic medium with/without TGF-β3 and were subjected to a dynamic compression of 10% strain, 1 Hz for 1/4 h for 7 days. The results on various analysis shows that the extent of dynamic compression is an important factor affecting cell viability. Mechanical stimulation in the form of dynamic compression stimulates expression of chondrogenic genes even in the absence of chondrogenic growth factors and also augments growth factor induced chondrogenic potential of hUCMSC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2554-2566, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Remya
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, BMT Wing, Sree Chithra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, 695012, India
| | - Prabha D Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, BMT Wing, Sree Chithra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, 695012, India
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Luo L, O'Reilly AR, Thorpe SD, Buckley CT, Kelly DJ. Engineering zonal cartilaginous tissue by modulating oxygen levels and mechanical cues through the depth of infrapatellar fat pad stem cell laden hydrogels. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2613-2628. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Luo
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Adam R. O'Reilly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Stephen D. Thorpe
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - Conor T. Buckley
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER); Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
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Gilde AK, Jones CB, Sietsema DL, Hoffmann MF. Does plate type influence the clinical outcomes and implant removal in midclavicular fractures fixed with 2.7-mm anteroinferior plates? A retrospective cohort study. J Orthop Surg Res 2014; 9:55. [PMID: 24993508 PMCID: PMC4104465 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-014-0055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate surgical healing rates, implant failure, implant removal, and the need for surgical revision with regards to plate type in midshaft clavicle fractures fixed with 2.7-mm anteroinferior plates utilizing modern plating techniques. METHODS This retrospective exploratory cohort review took place at a level I teaching trauma center and a single large private practice office. A total of 155 skeletally mature individuals with 156 midshaft clavicle fractures between March 2002 and March 2012 were included in the final results. Fractures were identified by mechanism of injury and classified based on OTA/AO criteria. All fractures were fixed with 2.7-mm anteroinferior plates. Primary outcome measurements included implant failure, malunion, nonunion, and implant removal. Secondary outcome measurements included pain with the visual analog scale and range of motion. Statistically significant testing was set at 0.05, and testing was performed using chi-square, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskall-Wallis. RESULTS Implant failure occurred more often in reconstruction plates as compared to dynamic compression plates (p = 0.029). Malunions and nonunions occurred more often in fractures fixed with reconstruction plates as compared to dynamic compression plates, but it was not statistically significant. Implant removal attributed to irritation or implant prominence was observed in 14 patients. Statistically significant levels of pain were seen in patients requiring implant removal (p = 0.001) but were not associated with the plate type. CONCLUSIONS Anteroinferior clavicular fracture fixation with 2.7-mm dynamic compression plates results in excellent healing rates with low removal rates in accordance with the published literature. Given higher rates of failure, 2.7-mm reconstruction plates should be discouraged in comparison to stiffer and more reliable 2.7-mm dynamic compression plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex K Gilde
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 15 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids 49503, MI, USA
| | - Clifford B Jones
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 15 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids 49503, MI, USA
- Orthopaedic Associates of Michigan, 230 Michigan NE, Ste 300, Grand Rapids 49503, MI, USA
| | - Debra L Sietsema
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 15 Michigan Street NE, Grand Rapids 49503, MI, USA
- Orthopaedic Associates of Michigan, 230 Michigan NE, Ste 300, Grand Rapids 49503, MI, USA
| | - Martin F Hoffmann
- BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bürkle de la Camp-Platz 1, Bochum 44789, Germany
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Kinmon K, Garzon D, Tacktill J, Vassello W. Benchtop comparison of a novel dynamic compression screw to a standard cortical screw: compression integrity and gap size over time during simulated resorption. Foot Ankle Spec 2013; 6:222-5. [PMID: 23548586 DOI: 10.1177/1938640013484794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Literature reports the incidence of failed isolated foot and ankle fusions as up to 23%. A contributing factor is the natural bone resorption, which occurs resulting in loss of compression and gapping at the fusion site when standard static compression plates and screws are used. However, an innovative dynamic compression screw may provide lasting compression despite resorption. This benchtop study shows that the FxDEVICES spring-loaded dynamic POGO screw maintains more compression and more consistent compression rate during simulated resorption, as compared with a standard compression screw. The novel screw maintained much greater compression strength within the first millimeter of simulated resorption (13.57 vs 4.38 lb) and maintained greater compression strength at the test completion (1.14 vs 0 lb). The novel screw revealed a more consistent resorption rate over the duration of the simulation. Clinically, this may result in more stability and improved fusion rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Kinmon
- Bethesda Memorial Hospital, Boynton Beach, FL 33435, USA.
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Chai D, Arner E, Griggs D, Grodzinsky A. Alphav and beta1 integrins regulate dynamic compression-induced proteoglycan synthesis in 3D gel culture by distinct complementary pathways. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:249-56. [PMID: 19800448 PMCID: PMC2818306 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal was to test the hypothesis that specific integrin receptors regulate chondrocyte biosynthetic response to dynamic compression at early times in 3D gel culture, during initial evolution of the pericellular matrix, but prior to significant accumulation of further-removed matrix. The study was motivated by increased use of dynamic loading, in vitro, for early stimulation of tissue engineered cartilage, and the need to understand the effects of loading, in vivo, at early times after implantation of constructs. METHODS Bovine articular chondrocytes were seeded in 2% agarose gels (15x10(6)cells/mL) and incubated for 18 h with and without the presence of specific integrin blockers (small-molecule peptidomimetics, function-blocking antibodies, and RGD-containing disintegrins). Samples were then subjected to a 24-h dynamic compression regime found previously to stimulate chondrocyte biosynthesis in 3D gel as well as cartilage explant culture (1 Hz, 2.5% dynamic strain amplitude, 7% static offset strain). At the end of loading, proteoglycan (PG) synthesis ((35)S-sulfate incorporation), protein synthesis ((3)H-proline incorporation), DNA content (Hoechst dye 33258) and total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content (dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) dye binding) were assessed. RESULTS Consistent with previous studies, dynamic compression increased PG synthesis and total GAG accumulation compared to free-swelling controls. Blocking alphavbeta3 abolished this response, independent of effects on controls, while blocking beta1 abolished the relative changes in synthesis when changes in free-swelling synthesis rates were observed. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that both alphavbeta3 and beta1 play a role in pathways that regulate stimulation of PG synthesis and accumulation by dynamic compression, but through distinct complementary mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.H. Chai
- Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | | | | | - A.J. Grodzinsky
- Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Electrical, Mechanical Engineering Departments, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Stinnett-Donnelly JM, MacLean JJ, Iatridis JC. A Removable Precision Device for In-Vivo Mechanical Compression of Rat Tail Intervertebral Discs. J Med Device 2007; 1:56-61. [PMID: 38529339 PMCID: PMC10961959 DOI: 10.1115/1.2355692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The rat tail intervertebral disc has emerged as an important model to examine the mechanisms for mechanically induced degeneration and remodeling. Previous methods used to apply high precision axial compressive loading to a rat tail intervertebral disc in vivo either required anesthesia, or the permanent mounting of a loading device to the animal, and were not well described in the literature. Therefore, a new device to apply compressive loading to the rat tail intervertebral disc was developed and validated. The rat tail compressive loading system utilized a pneumatically driven device weighing 18 g, and was capable of delivering a 12.6 N sinusoidal or square waveform at frequencies up to 1.0 Hz. The system improved on previous methods in its modular construction, relative ease of fabrication, compatibility with existing tail model technology and overall cost effectiveness. The removable system eliminated the need for anesthesia and through a modular, cost effective, design allowed for the simultaneous loading of multiple animals. This system expanded the ability to accurately, ethically, and efficiently apply dynamic compressive loads to the rat tail intervertebral disc for extended periods of time in order to address questions related to disc mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey J MacLean
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - James C Iatridis
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Burlington, VT 05405
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