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Ishikawa H, Niwa A, Kato S, Ii Y, Shindo A, Matsuura K, Nishiguchi Y, Tamura A, Taniguchi A, Maeda M, Hashizume Y, Tomimoto H. Micro-MRI improves the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in cerebral small vessel disease. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab070. [PMID: 33997783 PMCID: PMC8111066 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Even with postmortem pathological examination, only limited information is provided of the foci of in vivo clinical information. Cerebral small vessel disease, which is associated with ageing, dementia and stroke, highlights the difficulty in arriving at a definitive diagnosis of the lesions detected on in vivo radiological examination. We performed a radiological−pathological comparative study using ex vivo MRI to examine small cerebral lesions. Four patients with small vessel disease lesions detected on in vivo MRI were studied. Exact pathological findings of in vivo MRI-detected lesions were revealed. The ischaemic lesion after 17 days from onset showed positivity for peroxiredoxin, cluster of differentiation 204 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, indicating sterile inflammation and neuroprotective reaction. Cortical microinfarcts beneath the cortical superficial siderosis were associated with inflammation from the superficial layer in a patient with cerebral amyloid angiopathy; in this patient, a bilinear track-like appearance of the cortical superficial siderosis on the ex vivo MRI was compatible with iron deposition on the pia matter and within cortical layers II–III. An in vivo MRI-detected cerebral microbleed was revealed to be heterogeneous. An in vivo MRI-detected cerebral microbleed was revealed to be a venous angioma. Furthermore, a neuropathologically confirmed embolic cerebral microbleed was firstly detected using this method. Our results suggest that in vivo MRI-detected lobar cerebral microbleeds can be caused by non-cerebral amyloid angiopathy aetiologies, such as microembolism and venous angioma. Venous angioma and embolic microbleeds may mimic cerebral amyloid angiopathy markers on in vivo MRI. To clarify the clinical importance of these lesions, we should investigate their rate and frequency in a large cohort of healthy individuals and patients with cardiac risk factors. Thus, we provide evidence that ex vivo micro-MRI improves the clinical diagnosis of small vessel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Atsushi Niwa
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Kato
- Radioisotope Facilities for Medical Science, Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ii
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shindo
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuura
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yamato Nishiguchi
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Asako Tamura
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Taniguchi
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masayuki Maeda
- Department of Neuroradiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hashizume
- Department of Neuropathology, Fukushimura Hospital, Aichi 441-8124, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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Boitor-Borza D, Turcu F, Farcasanu S, Crivii C. Early development of human ganglionic eminences assessed in vitro by using 7.04 Tesla micro-MRI - a pilot study. Med Pharm Rep 2021; 94:35-42. [PMID: 33629046 PMCID: PMC7880059 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Ganglionic eminences are temporary structures which appear during the 5th week post-fertilization on the floor of telencephalic vesicles and disappear until the 35th week of gestation. The aim of this descriptive study of morphological research is to depict the ganglionic eminences within the embryonic and early fetal brains by using micro-MRI. Methods Six human embryos and fetuses ranging from 21 mm crown-rump length CRL (9 gestational week GW) to 85 mm CRL (14 GW) were examined in vitro by micro-MRI. The investigation was performed with a Bruker BioSpec 70/16USR scanner (Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany) operating at 7.04 Tesla. Results We describe the morphological characteristics of the ganglionic eminences at different gestational ages. The acquisition parameters were modified for each subject in order to obtain an increased spatial resolution. The remarkable spatial resolution of 27 μm/voxel allows visualization of millimetric structures of the developing brain on high quality micro-MR images. Conclusion In our study we give the description of the ganglionic eminences within the embryonic and early fetal brains by using micro-MRI, which, to the best of our knowledge, have not been previously documented in literature. Micro-MRI provides accurate images, which are comparable with the histological slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Boitor-Borza
- Department of Anatomy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Flavius Turcu
- Faculty of Physics, National Centre of Magnetic Resonance, "Babeş-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefan Farcasanu
- Faculty of Physics, National Centre of Magnetic Resonance, "Babeş-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Crivii
- Department of Anatomy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Abstract
Current animal models of nerve root compression due to lumbar disc herniation only assess the mechanical compression of nerve roots and the inflammatory response. Moreover, the pressure applied in these models is static, meaning that the nerve root cannot be dynamically compressed. This is very different from the pathogenesis of lumbar disc herniation. In this study, a chitosan/polyacrylamide double-network hydrogel was prepared by a simple two-step method. The swelling ratio of the double-network hydrogel increased with prolonged time, reaching 140. The compressive strength and compressive modulus of the hydrogel reached 53.6 and 0.34 MPa, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the hydrogel’s crosslinked structure with many interconnecting pores. An MTT assay demonstrated that the number of viable cells in contact with the hydrogel extracts did not significantly change relative to the control surface. Thus, the hydrogel had good biocompatibility. Finally, the double-network hydrogel was used to compress the L4 nerve root of male sand rats to simulate lumbar disc herniation nerve root compression. The hydrogel remained in its original position after compression, and swelled with increasing time. Edema appeared around the nerve root and disappeared 3 weeks after operation. This chitosan/polyacrylamide double-network hydrogel has potential as a new implant material for animal models of lumbar nerve root compression. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Neurosurgical Institute of Beijing, Capital Medical University, China (approval No. 201601006) on July 29, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Meng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Yu Yang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing; Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jia-Xi Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Zhi Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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