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Abusheraida NSA, AlBaker AAH, Aljabri ASA, Abdelrahman HA, Al-Mana H, Wilson GJ, Anan KA, Eltai NO. Rapid Visual Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Human Clinical Samples via Closed LAMP Assay Targeting mecA and spa Genes. Microorganisms 2024; 12:157. [PMID: 38257983 PMCID: PMC10819026 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), poses a significant global health threat as these bacteria increasingly become resistant to the most available therapeutic options. Thus, developing an efficient approach to rapidly screen MRSA directly from clinical specimens has become vital. In this study, we establish a closed-tube loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method incorporating hydroxy-naphthol blue (HNB) colorimetric dye assay to directly detect MRSA from clinical samples based on the presence of mecA and spa genes. In total, 125 preidentified S. aureus isolates and 93 clinical samples containing S. aureus were sourced from the microbiology laboratory at Hamad General Hospital (HGH). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were computed based on conventional PCR. The assay demonstrated 100% specificity, 91.23% sensitivity, 0.90 Cohen Kappa (CK), 100% PPV, and 87.8% NPV for the clinical samples, while clinical isolates exhibited 100% specificity, 97% sensitivity, 0.926 CK, 100% PPV, and 88.89% NPV. Compared to cefoxitin disk diffusion, LAMP provided 100% specificity and sensitivity, 1.00 CK, and 100% for PPV and NPV. The study revealed that the closed-tube LAMP incorporating (HNB) dye is a rapid technique with a turnaround time of less than 1 h and high specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora S. A. Abusheraida
- College of Health Science, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (N.S.A.A.); (A.A.H.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Asraa A. H. AlBaker
- College of Health Science, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (N.S.A.A.); (A.A.H.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Asmaa S. A. Aljabri
- College of Health Science, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (N.S.A.A.); (A.A.H.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Hana A. Abdelrahman
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.A.A.); (H.A.-M.)
| | - Hassan Al-Mana
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.A.A.); (H.A.-M.)
| | - Godwin J. Wilson
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar;
| | | | - Nahla O. Eltai
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (H.A.A.); (H.A.-M.)
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Kumar N, Sharma R, Saharan V, Yadav A, Aggarwal NK. Enhanced Xylanolytic enzyme production from Parthenium hysterophorus through assessment of the RSM tool and their application in saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:396. [PMID: 37970449 PMCID: PMC10643779 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthenium hysterophorous, a widespread weed in India, contributes a substantial amount of lignocellulosic biomass. The key objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of producing xylanase enzyme from P. hysterophorus weed biomass using the fungus Aspergillus niger. The impact of various physiological factors was confirmed through a two-step approach: first, a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) investigation, and subsequently, employing the RSM-based CCD method in statistical design. This research revealed that the RSM-based model led to the optimization of enzyme activity, resulting in a value of 2098.08 IU/gds for xylanase. This was achieved with an incubation time of 4.5 days, a medium pH of 6, and a cultivation temperature of 32.5 °C. Additionally, a pretreatment involving 1% NaOH and a 30-min autoclave treatment was found to alter the chemical composition of lignocellulose substrates (cellulose 43.87% and xylan 28.7%), thereby enhancing the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. Moreover, fermentable sugars were produced by autoclave-assisted alkali pretreatment (NaOH-1.0% w/v) at rates of 219.6 ± 2.05 mg/gds-1 by utilizing the crude xylanase from A. niger and 291.3 ± 1.2 mg/gds-1 from commercial xylanase enzyme. Our study revealed that P. hysterophorus served as a viable and affordable substrate for fermentable sugar liberation, and xylanase is a rate-limiting enzyme in enzymatic saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Laboratory of Fermentation Technology, Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Ritu Sharma
- Laboratory of Fermentation Technology, Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Vicky Saharan
- Enzyme and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Anita Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Neeraj K. Aggarwal
- Laboratory of Fermentation Technology, Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
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Arpana M, Rathore SS, Rao AS, Nair A, More SS, Fasim A. Statistical bioprocess optimization for enhanced production of a thermo alkalophilic polygalacturonase (PGase) from Pseudomonas sp. 13156349 using solid substrate fermentation (SSF). Heliyon 2023; 9:e16493. [PMID: 37251455 PMCID: PMC10220361 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a polygalacturonase (PGase) producing bacterial strain was isolated and identified as Pseudomonas sp. 13159349 from fruit market soils, and TLC analysis confirmed its pectinolytic activity. Additionally, SSF, Plackett-Burman design (PB), and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to optimize the production of this thermostable and alkalophilic PGase. Wheat bran demonstrated the highest activity (60.13 ± 3.39 U/gm) among the various agricultural wastes used as solid substrates. To further enhance the enzyme production, statistical optimization of media components was investigated using the PB design. Among the 11 variables tested, pH (p < 0.0001), inoculum size (p < 0.0001), incubation time (p < 0.0001), and temperature (p < 0.0041) were found to have a positive effect on the production. The interaction and concentration of the selected factors were examined by RSM, which demonstrated the optimal conditions for maximum production (315.65 U/gm) of the enzyme using wheat bran as the solid substrate were pH 10.5, 61-66 h of incubation, and 6-7.5% inoculum size. The model was highly significant, with a p-value of <0.0001, an F-value of 95.33, and a low CV of 2.31. The RSM model was validated by a laboratory-scale experiment showing 30600 ± 400.32 U/100 gm PGase activity. Thus, SSF and the statistical design of media components resulted in a significant 5.2-fold increase in PGase output solely by using agro waste and optimizing the physical parameters, making this a highly cost-effective bioprocess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Arpana
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, 560078, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema S. Rathore
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, 560078, Karnataka, India
| | - Archana S. Rao
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, 560078, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajay Nair
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, 560078, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil S. More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, 560078, Karnataka, India
| | - Aneesa Fasim
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, 560078, Karnataka, India
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Lee SY, Ra CH. Comparison of Liquid and Solid-State Fermentation Processes for the Production of Enzymes and Beta-Glucan from Hulled Barley. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:317-323. [PMID: 34949745 PMCID: PMC9628851 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2111.11002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation using hulled barley was carried out to produce enzymes and β-glucan. The one-factor-at-a-time experiments were carried out to determine the optimal composition of the basal medium. The modified synthetic medium composition in liquid-state fermentation was determined to be 70 g/l hulled barley, 0 g/l rice bran, 5 g/l soytone, and 6 g/l ascorbic acid. Optimal pretreatment conditions of hulled barley by solid-state fermentation were evaluated in terms of maximum production of fungal biomass, amylase, protease, and β-glucan, which were 1.26 mg/g, 31310.34 U/g, 2614.95 U/g, and 14.6% (w/w), respectively, at 60 min of pretreatment condition. Thus, the solid-state fermentation process was found to enhance the overall fermentation yields of hulled barley to produce high amounts of enzymes and β-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Yeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Global K-Food Research Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong-Si 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Hun Ra
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Global K-Food Research Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong-Si 17579, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-31-670-5157 Fax: +82-504-437-0217 E-mail:
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Hu Q, Wu Q, Jingwei C, Khalid A, Li Y, Wang Z. Fermentation optimization and amylase activity of endophytic Bacillus velezensis D1 isolated from corn seeds. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3640-3649. [PMID: 35195950 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In order to acquire quality amylase adopted in practical applications, endophytic bacteria were identified as Bacillus velezensis strain D1 by isolating it from corn seeds. The fermentation conditions and amylase properties of the strain were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The strain D1 was identified via morphological, physiological, and 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis. The fermentation conditions of secreted amylase were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments. The α-amylase gene was expressed in E. coli and purified by means of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), upon which the enzyme activity of purified recombinant α-amylase was determined. The results outlined that (1) the strain D1 was identified as Bacillus velezensis. (2) The optimized fermentation conditions for maximum amylase yields included 44 °C for 48 h at pH 7.5. (3) The enzyme had an optimal reaction temperature of 60 °C with strong activity at 50°C and tolerance to 4-hour incubation at 70°C. (4) The enzyme was strongly acid resistant and tolerated at pH5.0-6.0 while the optimal pH was 8.0. (5) Besides, the amylase activity was elevated by the presence of Ca2+ and Cu2+ . (6) The activity of purified recombinant amylase was 20.59 U/mL under optimal conditions, nearly 7 times that of crude amylase preparations. CONCLUSIONS The amylase produced by this strain is strongly tolerant towards acid and high temperatures. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Amylases with thermophilic and acid-resistant characteristics are useful for a wide range of applications in food, brewing, textile, starch, paper, and deterrent industries. The enzyme from Bacillus velezensis D1 can be effectively used in different industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Institute of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Institute of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cui Jingwei
- Institute of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Anam Khalid
- Institute of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zaigui Wang
- Institute of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Valorization of Agro-industrial Discards in Fermentation for the Production of Cellulase Enzyme. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulases are commercially important enzymes with application in various industries such as biofuel, detergent, food processing, brewery, pulp and paper. To make its production cost-effective, a preferred method is to use solid-state fermentation and with use of inexpensive substrates. Solid-state fermentation is an alternative culturing method and yields higher enzymes compared to submerged fermentation. In the current study, Aspergillus niger was isolated and further developed as inoculum for solid-state fermentation. Agroindustrial discards like banana pseudostem, jackfruit waste were used as the substrates. The substrates were pretreated by acid and were characterized by FTIR analysis to confirm the presence of cellulosic content. Different concentrations of the substrates were attempted for fermentation and the yield of the enzyme was compared. The solid-state fermentation was stable for enzyme production as well as microbial growth. The cellulase activity per gram of the substrate (U/g) was obtained maximum for jackfruit waste-based media (17±1.1 U/g). Both the lignocellulosic substrates were potential substrates for the production of cellulase enzyme. With further optimization and scale-up, this could be a cheap and sustainable process. This study has validated agro-industrial waste’s bioconversion into value-added products that have a remarkable environmental and economic advantage.
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Production of cellulases and xylanases in solid-state fermentation by different strains of Aspergillus niger using sugarcane bagasse and brewery spent grain. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Rakaz MA, Hussien MO, Ibrahim HM. Isolation, Extraction, Purification, and Molecular Characterization for Thermostable α-Amylase from Locally Isolated Bacillus Species in Sudan. Biochem Res Int 2021; 2021:6670380. [PMID: 34123426 PMCID: PMC8169242 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6670380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate some soil bacteria strain that produced α-amylase and subsequent extraction and purification. One hundred soil samples were collected from different geographical areas in Khartoum State such as north Omdurman, Toti Island, and Soba. Samples were analyzed for starch hydrolyzing bacteria. Among several bacteria isolated, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus licheniformis were identified as active α-amylase producers. Both bacteria showed a large zone of clearance of 20 mm when grown on starch-agar plates. The identity was conducted using biochemical characterization and confirmed by sequencing their 16S-rDNA. The constitutive nature of amylase was proved by amplification of the amylase gene from the genome of B. licheniformis. The α-amylase activity from the spent medium of B. cereus and B. licheniformis was optimized at pH 8.0 and temperature of 45°C and 65°C, respectively. The α-amylase produced by both bacteria is alkalophilic and thermophilic. The experiments confirmed that B. licheniformis can be a good source of amylase for industrial applications in Sudan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A. Rakaz
- Department of Microbiology, Central Laboratory, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, P.O. Box 7099, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohammed O. Hussien
- Department of Microbiology, Central Laboratory, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, P.O. Box 7099, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hanan M. Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology, Central Laboratory, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, P.O. Box 7099, Khartoum, Sudan
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Screening and Characterization of Thermostable Amylase-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Soil Samples of Afdera, Afar Region, and Molecular Detection of Amylase-Coding Gene. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:5592885. [PMID: 34046067 PMCID: PMC8128607 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5592885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying thermostable amylase-producing bacteria in extreme environments has a crucial role to overcome different industrial challenges. Afar Region is one of the hottest and salty areas, making it the home of extremophiles. This study aimed at screening and characterizing amylase-producing bacteria isolated from soil samples of Afdera, Afar Region, and detection of their amylase-coding genes. Thus, a total of 49 bacterial isolates were obtained from the collected soil samples. Out of these, three isolates (M2, M8, and M13) were selected on the basis of diameter of the average clear zone formation and time taken to decolorize iodine solution. Based on their morphological and biochemical characteristics, the isolates were identified as genus Bacillus. PCR amplification and detection of the amylase-coding gene confirmed the presence of the amylase gene in the three bacterial isolates. Optimum amylase production time for these isolates was 48 hrs (M13 and M8) and 72 hrs (M2) corresponding to the amylase activity of 0.67 U/mL for M13, 0.74 U/mL for M8, and 0.73 U/mL for M2 with an optimum temperature of 55°C. Studies on the effect of temperature revealed that the crude enzyme had a maximum activity and stability at 75°C, 70°C, and 65°C for isolates M13, M8, and M2, respectively. Additionally, amylase produced from all isolates retained more than 66.41% of their original activity after incubating them at a temperature range from 55 to 80°C for 50 min. Optimum pH for the activity of all crude amylases was in the range from 5 to 9 with a peak activity at pH 8. Their activity decreased significantly by the presence of Zn+2 and Mg2+; however, their activity increased by the presence of Ca+2. Moreover, the three crude amylases were stable (0–3 M) with NaCl concentration. Amylases of this finding with thermophilic and halophilic characteristics offer a wide range of applications in food, brewing, textile, starch, paper, and deterrent industries. Thus, identification of these Bacillus isolates at a molecular level and purification as well as detailed characterization of the types of amylases are recommended for effective utilization in different industries.
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Kumari N, Bansal S. Production and characterization of a novel, thermotolerant fungal phytase from agro-industrial byproducts for cattle feed. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:865-879. [PMID: 33387113 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The application of phytases helps in releasing bound phosphorus and other nutrients in cattle feed eventually reducing the need for supplementations. However, high production cost owing to the unavailability of cheaper sources of phytases has limited their usage in developing countries. Herein, firstly isolation, identification of a phytase from fungal isolate, Aspergillus niger NT7 was carried out followed by optimizing of all production parameters, through solid-state fermentation (SSF). Secondly, crude phytase was characterized and potential applicability of crude phytase was evaluated for dephytinization of wheat bran. RESULTS The highest phytase production (208.30 ± 0.22 U/gds) was achieved using wheat bran as cheap agro-industrial substrate for SSF. The various physiological parameters were optimized including inoculum age and level (3-day old inoculum and 15 × 107 spores/ml), temperature (35 °C), a moistening agent (distilled water), medium pH (5), and supplementation of various biochemicals like sugar (Mannitol), nitrogen (ammonium sulphate) and detergent (Tween 80). Process optimization through one variable at a time (OVAT) approach increased the difference in productivity to more than 200%. The crude phytase of A. niger NT7 was thermostable, with optimal activity at 60 °C and also displayed optimal activity over a broad range of acidic pH. Further, enhancement in phytase activity was found specifically in the presence of Ca2+, Zn2+, and Co2+ ions, while other metal ions including Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Mg2+and Cu2+ inhibited its activity. Finally, the phytase showed efficient and sustained release of inorganic phosphate, proteins, and reducing sugars (> 60 h) from livestock feed. CONCLUSION Overall, our report highlights the production of an efficient and thermotolerant phytase with potential as a low-cost animal feed supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Assessment and evaluation of cellulase production using ragi (Eleusine coracana) husk as a substrate from thermo-acidophilic Aspergillus fumigatus JCM 10253. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:113-126. [PMID: 32851534 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The cellulase production by filamentous fungi Aspergillus fumigatus JCM 10253 was carried out using agro-industrial waste ragi husk as a substrate in the microbial fermentation. The effect of the process parameters such as temperature, substrate concentration, pH, and incubation process time and their interdependence was studied using response surface methodology. The optimum cellulase activities were obtained at 50 °C under the conditions with 1-2% of substrate concentration at pH 2-4 for the incubation period of 7-8 days. The maximum carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and β-glucosidase activities with optimized process variables were 95.2 IU/mL and 0.174 IU/mL, respectively. The morphological characterization of fungus by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the presence of secondary protein structures. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that the application of ragi husk could be a promising feedstock for value-added industrial products. The thermo-acidophilic nature of isolated strain Aspergillus fumigatus JCM 10253 possessed a significant potential for higher titer of cellulase production that could be further employed for lignocellulosic bioethanol production.
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Vidya C, Gnanesh Kumar B, Chinmayee C, Singh SA. Purification, characterization and specificity of a new GH family 35 galactosidase from Aspergillus awamori. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:885-895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Sharma A, Sharma A, Singh J, Sharma P, Tomar GS, Singh S, Nain L. A biorefinery approach for the production of ferulic acid from agroresidues through ferulic acid esterase of lactic acid bacteria. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:367. [PMID: 32832328 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid is a known precursor for vanillin production but the significance of agro waste as substrates for its extraction, in combination with microbes is a less explored option. Various lactic acid bacteria were screened for the production of ferulic acid esterase (FAE) and Enterococcus lactis SR1 was found to produce maximum FAE (7.54 ± 0.15 IU/ml) in the synthetic medium under submerged fermentation. To make the process cost effective, various lignocellulosic agroresidues were evaluated for the production of FAE from the bacterium. It was found that wheat bran serves as the best substrate for FAE production (4.18 ± 0.12 IU/ml) from E. lactis SR1. Further, optimization of fermentation conditions for FAE production from E. lactis SR1 using wheat bran as carbon source led to an increase in the enzyme production (7.09 ± 0.21 IU/ml) by 1.5 fold. The FAE produced was used alone or in combination with commercial holocellulase for biological release of FA from the tested agroresidues. The highest release of FA (mg/g) by enzymatic extraction occurred in sugarbeet pulp (2.56), followed by maize bran (1.45), wheat bran (1.39) and rice bran (0.87), when both the enzymes (FAE and holocellulase) were used together. Alkaline extraction and purification of ferulic acid (FA) from these agro residues also showed that sugarbeet pulp contains the highest amount of FA (5.5 mg/g) followed by maize bran (3.0 mg/g), wheat bran (2.8 mg/g) and rice bran (1.9 mg/g), similar to the trend obtained in biological/enzymatic extraction of FA from these residues. Furthermore, the substrates were found to release higher reducing sugars when both commercial holocellulase and FAE were used in combination than by the use of holocellulase alone. Thus, FAEs not only release FA but also enabled hemicellulase and cellulase to release more sugars from plant material.
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14
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Peña-Lucio EM, Londoño-Hernández L, Ascacio-Valdes JA, Chavéz-González ML, Bankole OE, Aguilar CN. Use of coffee pulp and sorghum mixtures in the production of n-demethylases by solid-state fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 305:123112. [PMID: 32156553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the compounds generally found in the residues of the coffee and tea industries is caffeine, which in high concentration is toxic to various organisms, making it necessary to find an adequate treatment for these residues. Biotechnological treatments using enzymes can be an alternative to valorize and detoxify these residues. However, mixtures of substrates have not been evaluated to improve production. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to study the effect of different proportions of sorghum-coffee pulp mixtures as a substrate in solid-state fermentation with the fungus Rhizopus oryzae (MUCL 28168) for the production of n-demethylases. To evaluate the synergistic and antagonistic effects of coffee pulp and sorghum mixtures on n-demethylase enzyme production, a simplex-centroid design, using four levels: 1 (100%), 1/4 (25%), 1/2 (50%), 3/4 (75%). Results obtained were favorable, achieving a caffeine demethylase activity of 18.762 U/g, and reducing the caffeine content in the coffee pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick M Peña-Lucio
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group. Food Research Department. School of Chemistry. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Liliana Londoño-Hernández
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group. Food Research Department. School of Chemistry. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - J A Ascacio-Valdes
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group. Food Research Department. School of Chemistry. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Mónica L Chavéz-González
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group. Food Research Department. School of Chemistry. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Oluwatosin E Bankole
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Science Education, Anchor University, P. M .B. 001, Ipaja P. O., Ipaja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Cristóbal N Aguilar
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group. Food Research Department. School of Chemistry. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280 Coahuila, Mexico.
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15
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Alokika, Singh B. Enhanced production of bacterial xylanase and its utility in saccharification of sugarcane bagasse. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1081-1091. [PMID: 32065289 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An investigation was carried out using sugarcane bagasse as the agricultural residue to study the optimization of xylanase production by solid-state fermentation. Maximum xylanase production (20.35 U/g substrate) was achieved by Bacillus substilis subsp. subtilis JJBS250 using 'one variable at a time approach' at pH 7.0, 40 °C after 48 h. After statistical optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) there was 4.82-fold improvement in xylanase production (98.16 U/g substrate). Further optimization of untreated and sodium carbonate pretreated sugarcane bagasse enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out using both bacterial (Bacillus substilis subsp. subtilis JJBS250) and fungal (Myceliophthora thermophila BJTLRMDU3) xylanases that showed high amount of reducing sugar liberation from untreated sugarcane bagasse (124.24 mg/g substrate) as compared to pretreated (76.23 mg/g substrate) biomass. Furthermore, biophysical characterization of untreated and sodium carbonate pretreated sugarcane bagasse using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealed the structural changes in the pretreated biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alokika
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India.
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16
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A Sight to Wheat Bran: High Value-Added Products. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120887. [PMID: 31861140 PMCID: PMC6995506 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently more consideration has been given to the use of renewable materials and agricultural residues. Wheat production is increasing yearly and correspondingly, the volume of by-products from the wheat process is increasing, as well. It is important to find the use of the residuals for higher value-added products, and not just for the food industry or animal feed purposes as it is happening now. Agricultural residue of the roller milled wheat grain is a wheat bran description. The low-cost of wheat bran and its composition assortment provides a good source of substrate for various enzymes and organic acids production and other biotechnological applications. The main purpose of this review article is to look into recent trends, developments, and applications of wheat bran.
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17
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Alokika, Singh B. Production, characteristics, and biotechnological applications of microbial xylanases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8763-8784. [PMID: 31641815 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Microbial xylanases have gathered great attention due to their biotechnological potential at industrial scale for many processes. A variety of lignocellulosic materials, such as sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, rice bran, wheat straw, wheat bran, corn cob, and ragi bran, are used for xylanase production which also solved the great issue of solid waste management. Both solid-state and submerged fermentation have been used for xylanase production controlled by various physical and nutritional parameters. Majority of xylanases have optimum pH in the range of 4.0-9.0 with optimum temperature at 30-60 °C. For biochemical, molecular studies and also for successful application in industries, purification and characterization of xylanase have been carried out using various appropriate techniques. Cloning and genetic engineering are used for commercial-level production of xylanase, to meet specific economic viability and industrial needs. Microbial xylanases are used in various biotechnological applications like biofuel production, pulp and paper industry, baking and brewing industry, food and feed industry, and deinking of waste paper. This review describes production, characteristics, and biotechnological applications of microbial xylanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alokika
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Life Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India.
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18
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Rodrigues IDSV, Barreto JT, Moutinho BL, Oliveira MMG, da Silva RS, Fernandes MF, Fernandes RPM. Production of xylanases by Bacillus sp. TC-DT13 in solid state fermentation using bran wheat. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 50:91-97. [PMID: 31517567 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1663536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Xylanases have gained increasing importance due to their diverse applications in the food, paper, and pharmaceutical industries, however, the production of these enzymes currently uses expensive substrates. It has already been estimated that more than 30% of the enzyme production cost originates from the substrate. The present study aimed to optimize the production of extracellular xylanases by the Bacillus sp. TC-DT 13 using solid-state fermentation with agro-industrial residues, with a view at reducing the production cost of these enzymes. All the agro-industrial residues were tested in submerged fermentation to select the best inductor to produce xylanase. Among these residues, wheat bran was selected as the best inducer of xylanase production with 1500 U/mL. Regarding solid-state fermentation, the use of wheat bran as the only fermentation substrate was used and a ratio of 1:4 moisture over a time of 144 hours induced higher amount of xylanase reaching 2943 U/g. The use of carbon and nitrogen sources did not result in the increase in production of xylanolitic enzymes. The use of agro-industrial residues in the solid-state fermentation, besides increasing the production of xylanase, reduces the cost of production and is an environmentally friendly alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessyca Teles Barreto
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratório de Enzimologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Brenda Leite Moutinho
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratório de Enzimologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Salomão da Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratório de Enzimologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe, Brazil
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19
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Pranay K, Padmadeo SR, Prasad B. Production of amylase from Bacillus subtilis sp. strain KR1 under solid state fermentation on different agrowastes. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Javed U, Ansari A, Aman A, Ul Qader SA. Fermentation and saccharification of agro-industrial wastes: A cost-effective approach for dual use of plant biomass wastes for xylose production. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Bharti AK, Kumar A, Kumar A, Dutt D. Exploitation of Parthenium hysterophorous biomass as low-cost substrate for cellulase and xylanase production under solid-state fermentation using Talaromyces stipitatus MTCC 12687. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Bharti
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, 247 001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, 247 001, India
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, 247 001, India
| | - Dharm Dutt
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, 247 001, India
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Prasad Talluri VSSL, Lanka SS, Rajagopal Saladi V. Statistical Optimization of Process Parameters by Central Composite Design (CCD) for an Enhanced Production of L-asparaginase by Myroides gitamensis BSH-3, a Novel Species. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2019; 11:59-66. [PMID: 30800244 PMCID: PMC6359705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study focused on the production of L-asparaginase using Solid State Fermentation (SSF) by Myroides gitamensis. METHODS Initially, five significant parameters (Carbon source; Nitrogen source, temperature, pH and incubation period) were identified that affect the production process of L-asparaginase using Classical One Factor at a Time (OFAT) optimization. An optimized L-asparaginase specific activity obtained by OFAT was recorded as 85.7 IU. Central Composite Design (CCD) was also employed successively to optimize the multiple parameters at a time and their results were compared. RESULTS Maximum L-asparaginase enzyme specific activity obtained by CCD method was 295.6 IU under the hold values of carbon source (wheat bran) 12 g/L, nitrogen source (yeast extract) 7 g/L, temperature 37°C, pH=7.5 and incubation period 47 hr. Upon validation, the obtained results proved that there was a good relation existing between the experimental and the predicted model (p<0.05). L-asparaginase activity was enhanced in statistical method up to 3.4 folds compared to that of classical method. CONCLUSION Utilization of wheat bran as a low cost carbon source in SSF for the production of L-asparaginase enzyme makes the process economical and in turn reduces the environmental pollution by biotransformation to commercially useful bio product.
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Affiliation(s)
- VSSL Prasad Talluri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam- 530 045, Andhra Pradesh, India, Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, CZ 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic,Corresponding author: VSSL Prasad Talluri, M.Sc., Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, Tel: +91 8019155333, E-mail:
| | - Sri Santhi Lanka
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam- 530 045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - V Rajagopal Saladi
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam- 530 045, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Comparative Studies of Pectinase Production by Bacillus subtilis strain Btk 27 in Submerged and Solid-State Fermentations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1514795. [PMID: 30627537 PMCID: PMC6304570 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1514795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The request for enzymes in the global market is expected to rise at a fast pace in recent years. With this regard, there has been a great increase in industrial applications of pectinase owing to their significant biotechnological uses. This study was undertaken with main objectives of meeting the growing industrial demands of pectinase, by improving the yield without increasing the cost of production. In addition, this research highlights the underestimated potential of agroresidues for the production of biotechnologically important products. In this study, the maximum pectinase production attained was using wheat bran, among the tested agroresidues. The production of pectinase was improved from 10.1 ± 1.4 U/ml to 66.3 ± 1.2 U/ml in submerged fermentation whereas it was in solid state fermentation from 800.0 ± 16.2 U/g to 1272.4 ± 25.5 U/g. The maximum pectinase production was observed using YEP (submerged fermentation) and wheat bran (solid state fermentation) at initial pH of 6.5, at 37°C and by supplementing the medium with 3 mM MgSO4.7H2O.
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24
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Raza A, Bashir S, Tabassum R. Statistical based experimental optimization for co-production of endo-glucanase and xylanase from Bacillus sonorensis BD92 with their application in biomass saccharification. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 64:295-305. [PMID: 30361878 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endo-glucanase (cellulase) and xylanase have high industrial demand due to their vast application in industrial processes. This study reports statistical based experimental optimization for co-production of endo-glucanase and xylanase from Bacillus sonorensis BD92. Response surface methodology (RSM) involving central composite design (CCD) with full factorial experiments (23) was applied to elucidate the components that significantly affect co-production of endo-glucanase and xylanase. The optimum co-production conditions for endo-glucanase and xylanase were as follows: carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 20 g/L, yeast extract 15 g/L, and time 72 h. The maximum endo-glucanase and xylanase production obtained was 1.46 and 5.69 U/mL, respectively, while the minimum endo-glucanase and xylanase production obtained was 0.66 and 0.25 U/mL, respectively. This statistical model was efficient because only 20 experimental runs were necessary to assess the highest production conditions, and the model accuracy was very satisfactory as coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.95 and 0.89 for endo-glucanase and xylanase, respectively. Further, potential application of these enzymes for saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass (wheat bran, wheat straw, rice straw, and cotton stalk) was also investigated. The results revealed that the biomass was susceptible to enzymatic saccharification and the amount of reducing sugars (glucose and xylose) increased with increase in incubation time. In conclusion, Bacillus sonorensis BD92 reveals a promise as a source of potential endo-glucanase and xylanase producer that could be useful for degrading plant biomass into value-added products of economic importance using precise statistically optimized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Raza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saira Bashir
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Romana Tabassum
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
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25
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Souza LO, de Brito AR, Bonomo RCF, Santana NB, Almeida Antunes Ferraz JLD, Aguiar-Oliveira E, Araújo Fernandes AGD, Ferreira MLO, de Oliveira JR, Franco M. Comparison of the biochemical properties between the xylanases of Thermomyces lanuginosus (Sigma®) and excreted by Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 during the solid state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Screening and Molecular Identification of Pectinase Producing Microbes from Coffee Pulp. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2961767. [PMID: 29850500 PMCID: PMC5903321 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2961767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Application of enzymes in biotechnological process has expanded considerably in recent years. In food and related industry, major importance was being attached to the use of enzymes in upgrading quality, increasing yields of extractive processes, product stabilization, and improvement of flavor and byproduct utilization. Pectinases or pectinolytic enzymes are today one of the upcoming enzymes of the commercial sector. It has been reported that microbial pectinases account for 25% of the global food enzymes sales. For this reason, this study was undertaken with aims of screening microorganisms for the pectinase activity from coffee pulp samples and molecular identification of the potential pectinolytic isolates. In the present investigation, in total, ninety-five (95) isolates were identified from thirty coffee pulp samples. Based on characterization on the selective growth media, the isolates were grouped as actinomycete (21.06%), bacteria (65.26%), and fungi (13.68%). Among these, 31.58% showed colonies surrounded by clear zones which indicate the presence of pectinase activity. After rigorous screening steps, the isolates with high potential pectinase activity were identified molecularly by sequencing 16S rDNA region of the isolates. Based on the molecular identifications, about 70% of the isolates are under genus Bacillus.
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27
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Catalytic Properties of Amylolytic Enzymes Produced by Gongronella butleri Using Agroindustrial Residues on Solid-State Fermentation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7507523. [PMID: 29376074 PMCID: PMC5742443 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7507523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amylases catalyze the hydrolysis of starch, a vegetable polysaccharide abundant in nature. These enzymes can be utilized in the production of syrups, alcohol, detergent, pharmaceutical products, and animal feed formulations. The aim of this study was to optimize the production of amylases by the filamentous fungus Gongronella butleri by solid-state fermentation and to evaluate the catalytic properties of the obtained enzymatic extract. The highest amylase production, 63.25 U g-1 (or 6.32 U mL-1), was obtained by culturing the fungus in wheat bran with 55% of initial moisture, cultivated for 96 h at 25°C. The enzyme presented optimum activity at pH 5.0 and 55°C. The amylase produced was stable in a wide pH range (3.5-9.5) and maintained its catalytic activity for 1 h at 40°C. Furthermore, the enzymatic extract hydrolyzed starches from different vegetable sources, presenting predominant dextrinizing activity for all substrates evaluated. However, the presence of glucose was observed in a higher concentration during hydrolysis of corn starch, indicating the synergistic action of endo- and exoamylases, which enables the application of this enzymatic extract to produce syrups from different starch sources.
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28
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Kumar V, Chhabra D, Shukla P. Xylanase production from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS-24 using low cost agro-industrial residues via hybrid optimization tools and its potential use for saccharification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:1009-1019. [PMID: 28764103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The xylanase production from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS-24 has been optimized using OFAT (One factor at a time) approach using agro-industrial substrates. Further, central composite design (CCD) has been employed to optimize various process parameters such as temperature (45-55°C), carbon source concentration (1.5-2.5%), fermentation time (72-120h) and production medium pH (6-8). Maximum xylanase yield after RSM optimization was approximately double (119.91±2.53UmL-1) than un-optimized conditions (61.09±0.91UmL-1). Several hybrid statistical tools such as Genetic Algorithm-Response Surface Methodology (GA-RSM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Genetic Algorithm-Artificial Neural Network (GA-ANN) were employed to obtain more optimized process parameters to maximize the xylanase production and observed an increase of 10.50% xylanase production (132.51±3.27UmL-1) as compared to RSM response (119.91±2.53UmL-1). The various pretreated and untreated agricultural residues were subjected to saccharification by using crude xylanase in which the pretreated rice straw yielded maximum fermentable sugars 126.89mgg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Chhabra
- Optimization and Mechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
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29
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Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated Alfa fibers ( Stipa tenacissima ) using β- d -glucosidase and xylanase of Talaromyces thermophilus from solid-state fermentation. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:543-553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Teng PY, Chang CL, Huang CM, Chang SC, Lee TT. Effects of solid-state fermented wheat bran by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance and intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1299597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Po Yun Teng
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che Lun Chang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung Ming Huang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shen Chang Chang
- Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu Tai Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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31
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Nawaz MA, Bibi Z, Karim A, Rehman HU, Jamal M, Jan T, Aman A, Qader SAU. Production of α-1,4-glucosidase from Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB4 by utilizing sweet potato peel. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4058-4066. [PMID: 27928754 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, sweet potato peel (Ipomoea batatas) was observed as the most favorable substrate for the maximum synthesis of α-1,4-glucosidase among various agro-industrial residues. Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB4 produced 6533.0 U ml-1 of α-1,4-glucosidase when growth medium was supplemented with 1% dried and crushed sweet potato peel. It was evident from the results that bacterial isolate secreted 6539.0 U ml-1 of α-1,4-glucosidase in the presence of 0.4% peptone and meat extract with 0.1% yeast extract. B. licheniformis KIBGE-IB4 released 6739.0 and 7190.0 U ml-1 of enzyme at 40 °C and pH 7.0, respectively. An improved and cost-effective growth medium design resulted 8590.0 U ml-1 of α-1,4-glucosidase with 1.3-fold increase as compared to initial amount from B. licheniformis KIBGE-IB4. This enzyme can be used to fulfill the accelerating demand of food and pharmaceutical industries. Further purification and immobilization of this enzyme can also enhance its utility for various commercial applications. Graphical abstract Pictorial representation of maltase production from sweet potato peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, KPK, Pakistan.
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Zainab Bibi
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Asad Karim
- National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haneef Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turbat, Kech, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Muhsin Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Garden Campus, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tour Jan
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chaldara, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Aman
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shah Ali Ul Qader
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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32
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Madhaiyan M, Poonguzhali S, Saravanan VS, Pragatheswari D, Duraipandiyan V, Al-Dhabi NA, Santhanakrishnan P. Paenibacillus methanolicus sp. nov., a xylanolytic, methanol-utilizing bacterium isolated from the phyllosphere of bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:4362-4366. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Munusamy Madhaiyan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamilnadu, India
- Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Selvaraj Poonguzhali
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamilnadu, India
- Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | | | - Dhandapani Pragatheswari
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Palani Santhanakrishnan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamilnadu, India
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Fleischman EF, Kowalski RJ, Morris CF, Nguyen T, Li C, Ganjyal G, Ross CF. Physical, Textural, and Antioxidant Properties of Extruded Waxy Wheat Flour Snack Supplemented with Several Varieties of Bran. J Food Sci 2016; 81:E2726-E2733. [PMID: 27681599 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Wheat represents a ubiquitous commodity and although industries valorize 10% of wheat bran, most of this antioxidant-rich byproduct gets fed to livestock. The objective of this study was to incorporate wheat bran into an extruded snack. Bran samples from hard red spring, soft white club cv. Bruehl, and purple wheat lines were added to cv. Waxy-Pen wheat flour (Triticum aestivum L.) at replacement concentrations of 0%, 12.5%, 25%, and 37.5% (w/w; n = 10). Extrudates were evaluated for antioxidant capacity, color, and physical properties. Results showed that high fiber concentrations altered several pasting properties, reduced expansion ratios (P < 0.0001), and created denser products (P < 0.0001), especially for white bran supplemented extrudates. Purple bran supplemented extrudates produced harder products compared to white and red bran treatments (P < 0.0001). Extrudates produced with 37.5% (w/w) of each bran variety absorbed more water than the control with no added bran. The oxygen radical absorption capacity assay, expressed as Trolox Equivalents, showed that extrudates made with addition of red (37.5%) and purple (37.5%) bran had higher values compared to the other treatments; the control, red, and white bran treatments had less antioxidant activity after extrusion (P < 0.0001) compared to purple bran supplemented extrudates. Purple and red brans may serve as viable functional ingredients in extruded foods given their higher antioxidant activities. Future studies could evaluate how bran variety and concentration, extruded shape, and flavor influence consumer acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Fleischman
- School of Food Science, Washington State Univ, Pullman, 99164-6376, Wash., U.S.A
| | - Ryan J Kowalski
- School of Food Science, Washington State Univ, Pullman, 99164-6376, Wash., U.S.A
| | - Craig F Morris
- USDA/ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, Pullman, 99164-6376, Wash., U.S.A
| | - Thuy Nguyen
- School of Food Science, Washington State Univ, Pullman, 99164-6376, Wash., U.S.A
| | - Chongjun Li
- School of Food Science, Washington State Univ, Pullman, 99164-6376, Wash., U.S.A
| | - Girish Ganjyal
- School of Food Science, Washington State Univ, Pullman, 99164-6376, Wash., U.S.A
| | - Carolyn F Ross
- School of Food Science, Washington State Univ, Pullman, 99164-6376, Wash., U.S.A
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Wei W, Ma J, Chen SQ, Cai XH, Wei DZ. A novel cold-adapted type I pullulanase of Paenibacillus polymyxa Nws-pp2: in vivo functional expression and biochemical characterization of glucans hydrolyzates analysis. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:96. [PMID: 26481143 PMCID: PMC4615870 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pullulanase is an important debranching enzyme and has been widely utilized to hydrolyse the α-1,6 glucosidic linkages in starch/sugar industry. Selecting new bacterial strains or improving bacterial strains is a prerequisite and effective solution in industrial applications. Although many pullulanase genes have been cloned and sequenced, there is no report of P. polymyxa type I pullulanase gene or the recombinant strain. Meanwhile most of the type I pullulanase investigated exhibit thermophilic or mesophilic properties. There are just few reports of cold-adapted pullulanases, which have optimum activity at moderate temperature and exhibit rather high catalytic activity at cold. Previously, six strains showing distinct pullulan degradation ability were isolated using enrichment procedures. As containing novel bacterium resource and significant pullulanase activity, strain Nws-pp2 was selected for in-depth study. Methods In this study, a type I pullulanase gene (pulN) was obtained from the strain P. polymyxa Nws-pp2 by degenerate primers. Through optimization of induced conditions, the recombinant PulN achieved functional soluble expression by low temperature induction. The enzyme characterizations including the enzyme activity/stability, optimum temperature, optimum pH and substrate specificity were also described through protein purification. Results The pullulanase gene (named pulN), encoding a novel cold-adapted type I pullulanase (named PulN), was obtained from isolated strain Paenibacillus polymyxa Nws-pp2. The gene had an open reading frame of 2532-bp and was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli through optimization of induced conditions. The level of functional PulN-like protein reached the maximum after induction for 16 h at 20 °C and reached about 0.34 mg/ml (about 20 % of total protein) with an activity of 6.49 U/ml. The purified recombinant enzyme with an apparent molecular mass of about 96 kDa was able to attack specifically the α-1,6 linkages in pullulan to generate maltotriose as the major product. The purified PulN showed optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 35 °C, and retained more than 40 % of the maximum activity at 10 °C (showing cold-adapted). The pullulanase activity was significantly enhanced by Co2+ and Mn2+, meanwhile Cu2+ and SDS inhibited pullulanase activity completely. The Km and Vmax values of purified PulN were 15.25 mg/ml and 20.1 U/mg, respectively. The PulN hydrolyzed pullulan, amylopectin, starch, and glycogen, but not amylose. Substrate specificity and products analysis proved that the purified pullulanase from Paenibacillus polymyxa Nws-pp2 belong to a type I pullulanase. Conclusions This report of the novel type I pullulanase in Paenibacillus polymyxa would contribute to pullulanase research from Paenibacillus spp. significantly. Also, the cold-adapted pullulanase produced in recombinant strain shows the potential application. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-015-0215-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Ma
- Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Qi Chen
- Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hai Cai
- Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Zhi Wei
- Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Optimization of Phytase Production from Escherichia coli by Altering Solid-State Fermentation Conditions. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation1010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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El-Shishtawy RM, Mohamed SA, Asiri AM, Gomaa ABM, Ibrahim IH, Al-Talhi HA. Saccharification and hydrolytic enzyme production of alkali pre-treated wheat bran by Trichoderma virens under solid state fermentation. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:37. [PMID: 26018951 PMCID: PMC4445277 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In continuation of our previously interest in the saccharification of agriculture wastes by Bacillus megatherium in solid state fermentation (SSF), we wish to report an investigation and comparative evaluation among Trichoderma sp. for the saccharification of four alkali-pretreated agricultural residues and production of hydrolytic enzymes, carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), filter paperase (FPase), pectinase (PGase) and xylanase (Xylase) in SSF. The optimization of the physiological conditions of production of hydrolytic enzymes and saccharification content from Trichoderma virens using alkali-pretreated wheat bran was the last goal. Methods The physico-chemical parameters of SSF include incubation time, incubation temperature, moisture content of the substrate, incubation pH, supplementation with carbon and nitrogen sources were optimized. Results Saccharification of different solid state fermentation sources wheat bran, date's seeds, grass and palm leaves, were tested for the production of fermentable sugar by Trichoderma sp. The maximum production of hydrolytic enzymes CMCase, FPase, PGase and Xylase and saccharification content were obtained on wheat bran. Time course, moisture content, optimum temperature, optimum pH, supplementation with carbon and nitrogen sources were optimized to achieve the maximum production of the hydrolytic enzymes, protein and total carbohydrate of T. virens using alkali pre-treated wheat bran. The maximum production of CMCase, FPase, PGase, Xylase, protein and carbohydrate content was recorded at 72 h of incubation, 50-70 % moisture, temperature 25-35 °C and pH 5. The influence of supplementary carbon and nitrogen sources was studied. While lactose and sucrose enhanced the activity of PGase from 79.2 to 582.9 and 632.6 U/g, starch inhibited all other enzymes. This was confirmed by maximum saccharification content. Among the nitrogen sources, yeast extract and urea enhanced the saccharification content and CMCase, PGase and Xylase. Conclusions The results of this study indicated that alkali pre-treated wheat bran was a better substrate for saccharification and production of hydrolytic enzymes CMCase, FPase, PGase and xylase by T. virens compared to other alkali-pretreated agricultural residues tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda M El-Shishtawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saleh A Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. .,The Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abu-Bakr M Gomaa
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ibrahim H Ibrahim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hasan A Al-Talhi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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A low-cost wheat bran medium for biodegradation of the benzidine-based carcinogenic dye Trypan Blue using a microbial consortium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:3480-505. [PMID: 25815522 PMCID: PMC4410198 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120403480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Environmental release of benzidine-based dyes is a matter of health concern. Here, a microbial consortium was enriched from textile dye contaminated soils and investigated for biodegradation of the carcinogenic benzidine-based dye Trypan Blue using wheat bran (WB) as growth medium. The PCR-DGGE analysis of enriched microbial consortium revealed the presence of 15 different bacteria. Decolorization studies suggested that the microbial consortium has high metabolic activity towards Trypan Blue as complete removal of 50 mg∙L−1 dye was observed within 24 h at 30 ± 0.2 °C and pH 7. Significant reduction in TOC (64%) and COD (88%) of dye decolorized broths confirmed mineralization. Induction in azoreductase (500%), NADH-DCIP reductase (264%) and laccase (275%) proved enzymatic decolorization of dye. HPLC analysis of dye decolorized products showed the formation of six metabolites while the FTIR spectrum indicated removal of diazo bonds at 1612.30 and 1581.34 cm−1. The proposed dye degradation pathway based on GC-MS and enzyme analysis suggested the formation of two low molecular weight intermediates. Phytotoxicity and acute toxicity studies revealed the less toxic nature of the dye degradation products. These results provide experimental evidence for the utilization of agricultural waste as a novel low-cost growth medium for biodegradation of benzidine-based dyes, and suggested the potential of the microbial consortium in detoxification.
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Amore A, Parameswaran B, Kumar R, Birolo L, Vinciguerra R, Marcolongo L, Ionata E, La Cara F, Pandey A, Faraco V. Application of a new xylanase activity from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens XR44A in brewer's spent grain saccharification. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OXFORD, OXFORDSHIRE : 1986) 2015; 90:573-581. [PMID: 25866429 PMCID: PMC4384805 DOI: 10.1002/jctb.4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulases and xylanases are the key enzymes involved in the conversion of lignocelluloses into fermentable sugars. Western Ghat region (India) has been recognized as an active hot spot for the isolation of new microorganisms. The aim of this work was to isolate new microorganisms producing cellulases and xylanases to be applied in brewer's spent grain saccharification. RESULTS 93 microorganisms were isolated from Western Ghat and screened for the production of cellulase and xylanase activities. Fourteen cellulolytic and seven xylanolytic microorganisms were further screened in liquid culture. Particular attention was focused on the new isolate Bacillus amyloliquefaciens XR44A, producing xylanase activity up to 10.5 U mL-1. A novel endo-1,4-beta xylanase was identified combining zymography and proteomics and recognized as the main enzyme responsible for B. amyloliquefaciens XR44A xylanase activity. The new xylanase activity was partially characterized and its application in saccharification of brewer's spent grain, pretreated by aqueous ammonia soaking, was investigated. CONCLUSION The culture supernatant of B. amyloliquefaciens XR44A with xylanase activity allowed a recovery of around 43% xylose during brewer's spent grain saccharification, similar to the value obtained with a commercial xylanase from Trichoderma viride, and a maximum arabinose yield of 92%, around 2-fold higher than that achieved with the commercial xylanase. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Amore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelovia Cintia, 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Binod Parameswaran
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST)Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST)Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Leila Birolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelovia Cintia, 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Vinciguerra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelovia Cintia, 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Marcolongo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources - National Research CouncilNapoli, Italy
| | - Elena Ionata
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources - National Research CouncilNapoli, Italy
| | - Francesco La Cara
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources - National Research CouncilNapoli, Italy
| | - Ashok Pandey
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST)Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelovia Cintia, 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
- * Correspondence to: V. Faraco, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 4 80126 Napoli, Italy. E-mail:
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Thite V, Nerurkar A. Xylanases of Bacillus
spp. isolated from ruminant dung as potential accessory enzymes for agro-waste saccharification. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 60:456-66. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V.S. Thite
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre; Faculty of Science; The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda; Vadodara Gujarat India
| | - A.S. Nerurkar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre; Faculty of Science; The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda; Vadodara Gujarat India
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