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Robertsson C, Svensäter G, Davies JR, Bay Nord A, Malmodin D, Wickström C. Synergistic metabolism of salivary MUC5B in oral commensal bacteria during early biofilm formation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0270423. [PMID: 37855449 PMCID: PMC10715109 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02704-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The study of bacterial interactions and salivary-mediated regulation of early dental biofilm activity is of interest for understanding oral microbial adaptation to environmental cues and biofilm maturation. Findings in oral commensals can prove useful from the perspectives of both oral and systemic health of the host, as well as the understanding of general microbial biofilm physiology. The knowledge may provide a basis for the development of prognostic biomarkers, or development of new treatment strategies, related to oral health and disease and possibly also to other biofilm-induced conditions. The study is also an important step toward developing the methodology for similar studies in other species and/or growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Robertsson
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Svensäter
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Julia R. Davies
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Bay Nord
- Swedish NMR Centre, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Malmodin
- Swedish NMR Centre, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Wickström
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology and Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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2
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Cleaver LM, Carda-Diéguez M, Moazzez R, Carpenter GH. Novel bacterial proteolytic and metabolic activity associated with dental erosion-induced oral dysbiosis. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:69. [PMID: 37004076 PMCID: PMC10064782 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental erosion is a disease of the oral cavity where acids cause a loss of tooth enamel and is defined as having no bacterial involvement. The tooth surface is protected from acid attack by salivary proteins that make up the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP). Bacteria have been shown to readily degrade salivary proteins, and some of which are present in the AEP. This study aimed to explore the role of bacteria in dental erosion using a multi-omics approach by comparing saliva collected from participants with dental erosion and healthy controls. RESULTS Salivary proteomics was assessed by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and demonstrated two altered AEP proteins in erosion, prolactin inducible protein (PIP), and zinc-alpha-2 glycoprotein (ZAG). Immunoblotting further suggested that degradation of PIP and ZAG is associated with erosion. Salivary microbiome analysis was performed by sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V1-V2 region, Illumina) and showed that participants with dental erosion had a significantly (p < 0.05) less diverse microbiome than healthy controls (observed and Shannon diversity). Sequencing of bacterial mRNA for gene expression (Illumina sequencing) demonstrated that genes over-expressed in saliva from erosion participants included H + proton transporter genes, and three protease genes (msrAB, vanY, and ppdC). Salivary metabolomics was assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). Metabolite concentrations correlated with gene expression, demonstrating that the dental erosion group had strong correlations between metabolites associated with protein degradation and amino acid fermentation. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that microbial proteolysis of salivary proteins found in the protective acquired enamel pellicle strongly correlates with dental erosion, and we propose four novel microbial genes implicated in this process. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Cleaver
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Health & Genomics, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Moazzez
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of The Pacific, San Francisco, USA
| | - Guy H Carpenter
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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3
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Leska A, Nowak A, Rosicka-Kaczmarek J, Ryngajłło M, Czarnecka-Chrebelska KH. Characterization and Protective Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Intended to Be Used in Probiotic Preparation for Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)—An In Vitro Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061059. [PMID: 36978601 PMCID: PMC10044574 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely used probiotics and offer promising prospects for increasing the viability of honeybees. Thus, the probiotic potential of 10 LAB strains was determined, which in our previous studies showed the most potent protective abilities. In the current study, we investigated various properties of probiotic candidates. The tested LAB strains varied in susceptibility to tested antibiotics. Isolates showed high viability in sugar syrups and gastrointestinal conditions. None of the LAB strains exhibited β-hemolytic activity, mutual antagonism, mucin degradation, hydrogen peroxide production capacity, or bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of LAB cell-free supernatants (CFS) was assessed, as well as the effect of CFS from P. pentosaceus 14/1 on the cytotoxicity of coumaphos and chlorpyrifos in the Caco-2 cell line. The viability of Caco-2 cells reached up to 89.81% in the presence of the highest concentration of CFS. Furthermore, LAB metabolites decreased the cytotoxicity of insecticides (up to 19.32%) thus demonstrating cytoprotective activity. All tested LAB strains produced lactic, acetic, and malonic acids. This research allowed the selection of the most effective LAB strains, in terms of probiosis, for future in vivo studies aimed at developing an ecologically protective biopreparation for honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Leska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Justyna Rosicka-Kaczmarek
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ryngajłło
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-573 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Henryka Czarnecka-Chrebelska
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Chair of Biology and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Lodz, 5 Mazowiecka Str. (A-6 Building), 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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4
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Leo F, Svensäter G, Lood R, Wickström C. Characterization of a highly conserved MUC5B-degrading protease, MdpL, from Limosilactobacillus fermentum. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1127466. [PMID: 36925480 PMCID: PMC10011156 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1127466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MUC5B is the predominant glycoprotein in saliva and is instrumental in the establishment and maintenance of multi-species eubiotic biofilms in the oral cavity. Investigations of the aciduric Lactobacillaceae family, and its role in biofilms emphasizes the diversity across different genera of the proteolytic systems involved in the nutritional utilization of mucins. We have characterized a protease from Limosilactobacillus fermentum, MdpL (Mucin degrading protease from Limosilactobacillus) with a high protein backbone similarity with commensals that exploit mucins for attachment and nutrition. MdpL was shown to be associated with the bacterial cell surface, in close proximity to MUC5B, which was sequentially degraded into low molecular weight fragments. Mapping the substrate preference revealed multiple hydrolytic sites of proteins with a high O-glycan occurrence, although hydrolysis was not dependent on the presence of O-glycans. However, since proteolysis of immunoglobulins was absent, and general protease activity was low, a preference for glycoproteins similar to MUC5B in terms of glycosylation and structure is suggested. MdpL preferentially hydrolyzed C-terminally located hydrophobic residues in peptides larger than 20 amino acids, which hinted at a limited sequence preference. To secure proper enzyme folding and optimal conditions for activity, L. fermentum incorporates a complex system that establishes a reducing environment. The importance of overall reducing conditions was confirmed by the activity boosting effect of the added reducing agents L-cysteine and DTT. High activity was retained in low to neutral pH 5.5-7.0, but the enzyme was completely inhibited in the presence of Zn2+. Here we have characterized a highly conserved mucin degrading protease from L. fermentum. MdpL, that together with the recently discovered O-glycanase and O-glycoprotease enzyme groups, increases our understanding of mucin degradation and complex biofilm dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Leo
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Genovis AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Svensäter
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rolf Lood
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Claes Wickström
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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5
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Puccio T, An SS, Schultz AC, Lizarraga CA, Bryant AS, Culp DJ, Burne RA, Kitten T. Manganese transport by Streptococcus sanguinis in acidic conditions and its impact on growth in vitro and in vivo. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:375-393. [PMID: 34862691 PMCID: PMC8844241 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus sanguinis is an oral commensal and an etiological agent of infective endocarditis. Previous studies have identified the SsaACB manganese transporter as essential for endocarditis virulence; however, the significance of SsaACB in the oral environment has never been examined. Here we report that a ΔssaACB deletion mutant of strain SK36 exhibits reduced growth and manganese uptake under acidic conditions. Further studies revealed that these deficits resulted from the decreased activity of TmpA, shown in the accompanying paper to function as a ZIP‐family manganese transporter. Transcriptomic analysis of fermentor‐grown cultures of SK36 WT and ΔssaACB strains identified pH‐dependent changes related to carbon catabolite repression in both strains, though their magnitude was generally greater in the mutant. In strain VMC66, which possesses a MntH transporter, loss of SsaACB did not significantly alter growth or cellular manganese levels under the same conditions. Interestingly, there were only modest differences between SK36 and its ΔssaACB mutant in competition with Streptococcus mutans in vitro and in a murine oral colonization model. Our results suggest that the heterogeneity of the oral environment may provide a rationale for the variety of manganese transporters found in S. sanguinis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Puccio
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Seon-Sook An
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Alexander C Schultz
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Claudia A Lizarraga
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ashley S Bryant
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - David J Culp
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert A Burne
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Todd Kitten
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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6
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Zarezadeh M, Musazadeh V, Faghfouri AH, Roshanravan N, Dehghan P. Probiotics act as a potent intervention in improving lipid profile: An umbrella systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:145-158. [PMID: 34817299 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2004578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several meta-analysis studies have revealed improving effects of probiotics on lipid profile, while some studies have reported controversial findings. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics on blood lipids. Relevant studies were searched in the international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Library up to August 2021. The pooled results were calculated with the use of a random-effects model to assess the effects of probiotics on blood lipids. Overall, 38 meta-analyses were inclueded in the study. The results indicated that the probiotics supplementation was effective on reduction of total cholesterol (TC) (ES= -0.46 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.61, -0.30, p < 0.001; I2= 83.8%, p < 0.001), triglycerides (TG) (ES= -0.13 mg/dl; 95% CI: -0.23, -0.04, p = 0.006; I2= 74.7%, p < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)levels (ES= -0.29 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.40, -0.19, p < 0.001; I2= 77.8%, p < 0.001). There was no significant effect of probiotics on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (ES= 0.02 mg/dl; 95% CI: -0.04, 0.08, p = 0.519; I2= 72.5%, p= <0.001). The results of present umbrella meta-analysis strongly support supplementation with probiotics as an influential intervention for improving lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Zarezadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vali Musazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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7
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Robertsson C, Svensäter G, Blum Z, Jakobsson ME, Wickström C. Proteomic response in Streptococcus gordonii DL1 biofilm cells during attachment to salivary MUC5B. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1967636. [PMID: 34447490 PMCID: PMC8386731 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1967636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salivary mucin MUC5B seems to promote biodiversity in dental biofilms, and thereby oral health, for example, by inducing synergistic ‘mucolytic’ activities in a variety of microbial species that need to cooperate for the release of nutrients from the complex glycoprotein. Knowledge of how early colonizers interact with host salivary proteins is integral to better understand the maturation of putatively harmful oral biofilms and could provide key insights into biofilm physiology. Methods The early oral colonizer Streptococcus gordonii DL1 was grown planktonically and in biofilm flow cell systems with uncoated, MUC5B or low-density salivary protein (LDP) coated surfaces. Bacterial cell proteins were extracted and analyzed using a quantitative mass spectrometry-based workflow, and differentially expressed proteins were identified. Results and conclusions Overall, the proteomic profiles of S. gordonii DL1 were similar across conditions. Six novel biofilm cell proteins and three planktonic proteins absent in all biofilm cultures were identified. These differences may provide insights into mechanisms for adaptation to biofilm growth in this species. Salivary MUC5B also elicited specific responses in the biofilm cell proteome. These regulations may represent mechanisms by which this mucin could promote colonization of the commensal S. gordonii in oral biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Robertsson
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Svensäter
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Zoltan Blum
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Claes Wickström
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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8
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Abstract
Mucus in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the primary point-of-interaction between humans and their gut microbiota. This intimates that mucus not only ensures protection against endogenous and exogenous opportunists but also provisions for the human microbiota to reside and flourish. With the emergence of living therapeutics, engineered microbes can deliver and produce increasingly complex medicine, and controlling the mucoadhesive properties of different microbial chassis can dictate dose-response in a patient. Here we present a redesigned, in vitro, plate-based assay to measure the mucus adhesion of various probiotics. Cell-mucus interactions were isolated by immobilizing mucus to the plate surface. Binding parameters were derived for each probiotic strain by measuring cell adhesion over a wide range of cell concentrations, providing dose-dependent adhesion metrics. Surface proteins and cell components known to influence mucoadhesion were then heterologously expressed or altered in Lactococcus lactis MG1363 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 to control mucus-binding capacity, avidity, and cooperativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. S. Mays
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Todd C. Chappell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Nikhil U. Nair
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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9
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Aziz K, Haseeb Zaidi A, Fatima HN, Tariq M. Lactobacillus fermentum strains of dairy-product origin adhere to mucin and survive digestive juices. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1771-1786. [PMID: 31613203 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. There is an ever present need to isolate and characterize indigenous bacterial strains with potential probiotic health benefits for humans.Aim. Lactobacillus fermentum of dairy origin was focused because of its propensity to adhere to the intestinal glycoprotein, mucin.Methodology. The lactobacillus strains were screened for mucin adhesion, resistance to low pH and bile, autoaggregation, hydrophobicity, and survival in an in vitro digestion model. The cholesterol-lowering and oxalate-degrading effects of selected strains were also determined. Safety was assessed for haemolytic, mucinolytic and gelatinase activity, biogenic amine production, antibiotic resistance and phenol resistance. Expression of the 32-mmub adhesion-related gene was also measured following strain exposure to simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) digestion.Results. The selected mucin-adhesive strains were tolerant to acid (pH 3.0) and bile (0.25 %) and demonstrated >85 % survival following simulated human digestion in the presence of milk. The digestive treatment did not affect the adhesive potential of PL20, and PL27, regardless of the food matrix. The simulated digestion had less effect on their adhesion than on the type strain and it also did not correlate with the mmub gene expression level as determined by qPCR. The selected strains exhibited cholesterol removal (36-44 %) and degraded oxalate (66-55 %). Neither of these strains exhibited undesirable characteristics.Conclusion. These preliminary findings suggest a functionality in the two strains of L. fermentum with high colonization potential on GIT mucosal membranes and possible health-promoting effects. This prima facie evidence suggests the need for further studies to test these probiotic candidates as live biotherapeutic agents in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Aziz
- National Probiotic Lab-NIBGE, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Probiotic Lab-NIBGE, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
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10
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Graf K, Last A, Gratz R, Allert S, Linde S, Westermann M, Gröger M, Mosig AS, Gresnigt MS, Hube B. Keeping Candida commensal: how lactobacilli antagonize pathogenicity of Candida albicans in an in vitro gut model. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.039719. [PMID: 31413153 PMCID: PMC6765188 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is the primary reservoir of Candida albicans that can cause systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. In this reservoir, the fungus exists as a harmless commensal. However, antibiotic treatment can disturb the bacterial microbiota, facilitating fungal overgrowth and favoring pathogenicity. The current in vitro gut models that are used to study the pathogenesis of C. albicans investigate the state in which C. albicans behaves as a pathogen rather than as a commensal. We present a novel in vitro gut model in which the fungal pathogenicity is reduced to a minimum by increasing the biological complexity. In this model, enterocytes represent the epithelial barrier and goblet cells limit C. albicans adhesion and invasion. Significant protection against C. albicans-induced necrotic damage was achieved by the introduction of a microbiota of antagonistic lactobacilli. We demonstrated a time-, dose- and species-dependent protective effect against C. albicans-induced cytotoxicity. This required bacterial growth, which relied on the presence of host cells, but was not dependent on the competition for adhesion sites. Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduced hyphal elongation, a key virulence attribute. Furthermore, bacterial-driven shedding of hyphae from the epithelial surface, associated with apoptotic epithelial cells, was identified as a main and novel mechanism of damage protection. However, host cell apoptosis was not the driving mechanism behind shedding. Collectively, we established an in vitro gut model that can be used to experimentally dissect commensal-like interactions of C. albicans with a bacterial microbiota and the host epithelial barrier. We also discovered fungal shedding as a novel mechanism by which bacteria contribute to the protection of epithelial surfaces.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Graf
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Antonia Last
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rena Gratz
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Allert
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Linde
- Center for Electron Microscopy Jena University Hospital, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Westermann
- Center for Electron Microscopy Jena University Hospital, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marko Gröger
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander S Mosig
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11A, 07745 Jena, Germany .,Friedrich Schiller University, Fürstengraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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11
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Aziz K, Tariq M, Zaidi A. Biofilm development in L. fermentum under shear flow & sequential GIT digestion. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5423880. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Aziz
- National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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12
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Arena MP, Capozzi V, Spano G, Fiocco D. The potential of lactic acid bacteria to colonize biotic and abiotic surfaces and the investigation of their interactions and mechanisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:2641-2657. [PMID: 28213732 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria that comprise several species which have evolved in close association with humans (food and lifestyle). While their use to ferment food dates back to very ancient times, in the last decades, LAB have attracted much attention for their documented beneficial properties and for potential biomedical applications. Some LAB are commensal that colonize, stably or transiently, host mucosal surfaces, inlcuding the gut, where they may contribute to host health. In this review, we present and discuss the main factors enabling LAB adaptation to such lifestyle, including the gene reprogramming accompanying gut colonization, the specific bacterial components involved in adhesion and interaction with host, and how the gut niche has shaped the genome of intestine-adapted species. Moreover, the capacity of LAB to colonize abiotic surfaces by forming structured communities, i.e., biofilms, is briefly discussed, taking into account the main bacterial and environmental factors involved, particularly in relation to food-related environments. The vast spread of LAB surface-associated communities and the ability to control their occurrence hold great potentials for human health and food safety biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pia Arena
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Capozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Daniela Fiocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
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do Carmo MS, Noronha FMF, Arruda MO, Costa ÊPDS, Bomfim MRQ, Monteiro AS, Ferro TAF, Fernandes ES, Girón JA, Monteiro-Neto V. Lactobacillus fermentum ATCC 23271 Displays In vitro Inhibitory Activities against Candida spp. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1722. [PMID: 27833605 PMCID: PMC5082230 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are involved in the microbial homeostasis in the female genital tract. Due to the high prevalence of many bacterial diseases of the female genital tract and the resistance of microorganisms to various antimicrobial agents, alternative means to control these infections are necessary. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the probiotic properties of well-characterized Lactobacillus species, including L. acidophilus (ATCC 4356), L. brevis (ATCC 367), L. delbrueckii ssp. delbrueckii (ATCC 9645), L. fermentum (ATCC 23271), L. paracasei (ATCC 335), L. plantarum (ATCC 8014), and L. rhamnosus (ATCC 9595), against Candida albicans (ATCC 18804), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (ATCC 9826), and Streptococcus agalactiae (ATCC 13813). The probiotic potential was investigated by using the following criteria: (i) adhesion to host epithelial cells and mucus, (ii) biofilm formation, (iii) co-aggregation with bacterial pathogens, (iv) inhibition of pathogen adhesion to mucus and HeLa cells, and (v) antimicrobial activity. Tested lactobacilli adhered to mucin, co-aggregated with all genital microorganisms, and displayed antimicrobial activity. With the exception of L. acidophilus and L. paracasei, they adhered to HeLa cells. However, only L. fermentum produced a moderate biofilm and a higher level of co-aggregation and mucin binding. The displacement assay demonstrated that all Lactobacillus strains inhibit C. albicans binding to mucin (p < 0.001), likely due to the production of substances with antimicrobial activity. Clinical isolates belonging to the most common Candida species associated to vaginal candidiasis were inhibited by L. fermentum. Collectively, our data suggest that L. fermentum ATCC 23271 is a potential probiotic candidate, particularly to complement candidiasis treatment, since presented with the best probiotic profile in comparison with the other tested lactobacilli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique S do Carmo
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana O Arruda
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Maria R Q Bomfim
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade CEUMA São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago A F Ferro
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade CEUMA São Luís, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth S Fernandes
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade CEUMASão Luís, Brazil; Vascular Biology and Inflammation Section, Cardiovascular Division, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Jorge A Girón
- Centro de Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla, Mexico
| | - Valério Monteiro-Neto
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil; Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade CEUMASão Luís, Brazil
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Mamani S, Moinier D, Denis Y, Soulère L, Queneau Y, Talla E, Bonnefoy V, Guiliani N. Insights into the Quorum Sensing Regulon of the Acidophilic Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Revealed by Transcriptomic in the Presence of an Acyl Homoserine Lactone Superagonist Analog. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1365. [PMID: 27683573 PMCID: PMC5021923 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While a functional quorum sensing system has been identified in the acidophilic chemolithoautotrophic Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270(T) and shown to modulate cell adhesion to solid substrates, nothing is known about the genes it regulates. To address the question of how quorum sensing controls biofilm formation in A. ferrooxidans (T), the transcriptome of this organism in conditions in which quorum sensing response is stimulated by a synthetic superagonist AHL (N-acyl homoserine lactones) analog has been studied. First, the effect on biofilm formation of a synthetic AHL tetrazolic analog, tetrazole 9c, known for its agonistic QS activity, was assessed by fluorescence and electron microscopy. A fast adherence of A. ferrooxidans (T) cells on sulfur coupons was observed. Then, tetrazole 9c was used in DNA microarray experiments that allowed the identification of genes regulated by quorum sensing signaling, and more particularly, those involved in early biofilm formation. Interestingly, afeI gene, encoding the AHL synthase, but not the A. ferrooxidans quorum sensing transcriptional regulator AfeR encoding gene, was shown to be regulated by quorum sensing. Data indicated that quorum sensing network represents at least 4.5% (141 genes) of the ATCC 23270(T) genome of which 42.5% (60 genes) are related to biofilm formation. Finally, AfeR was shown to bind specifically to the regulatory region of the afeI gene at the level of the palindromic sequence predicted to be the AfeR binding site. Our results give new insights on the response of A. ferrooxidans to quorum sensing and on biofilm biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigde Mamani
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueMarseille, France; Laboratorio de Comunicación Bacteriana, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universitad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Danielle Moinier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Marseille, France
| | - Yann Denis
- Plateforme Transcriptome, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Soulère
- Université Lyon, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, UMR 5246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Lyon 1, École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Queneau
- Université Lyon, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, UMR 5246, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Lyon 1, École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Talla
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Marseille, France
| | - Violaine Bonnefoy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Guiliani
- Laboratorio de Comunicación Bacteriana, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universitad de Chile Santiago, Chile
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Effects of Low-Dose Amoxicillin on Staphylococcus aureus USA300 Biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:2639-51. [PMID: 26856828 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02070-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that sub-MIC levels of β-lactam antibiotics stimulate biofilm formation in most methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Here, we investigated this process by measuring the effects of sub-MIC amoxicillin on biofilm formation by the epidemic community-associated MRSA strain USA300. We found that sub-MIC amoxicillin increased the ability of USA300 cells to attach to surfaces and form biofilms under both static and flow conditions. We also found that USA300 biofilms cultured in sub-MIC amoxicillin were thicker, contained more pillar and channel structures, and were less porous than biofilms cultured without antibiotic. Biofilm formation in sub-MIC amoxicillin correlated with the production of extracellular DNA (eDNA). However, eDNA released by amoxicillin-induced cell lysis alone was evidently not sufficient to stimulate biofilm. Sub-MIC levels of two other cell wall-active agents with different mechanisms of action-d-cycloserine and fosfomycin-also stimulated eDNA-dependent biofilm, suggesting that biofilm formation may be a mechanistic adaptation to cell wall stress. Screening a USA300 mariner transposon library for mutants deficient in biofilm formation in sub-MIC amoxicillin identified numerous known mediators of S. aureus β-lactam resistance and biofilm formation, as well as novel genes not previously associated with these phenotypes. Our results link cell wall stress and biofilm formation in MRSA and suggest that eDNA-dependent biofilm formation by strain USA300 in low-dose amoxicillin is an inducible phenotype that can be used to identify novel genes impacting MRSA β-lactam resistance and biofilm formation.
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Cholesterol-lowering potentials of lactic acid bacteria based on bile-salt hydrolase activity and effect of potent strains on cholesterol metabolism in vitro and in vivo. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:690752. [PMID: 25538960 PMCID: PMC4235975 DOI: 10.1155/2014/690752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study collected different probiotic isolates from animal and plant sources to evaluate the bile-salt hydrolase activity of probiotics in vitro. The deconjugation potential of bile acid was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. HepG2 cells were cultured with probiotic strains with high BSH activity. The triglyceride (TG) and apolipoprotein B (apo B) secretion by HepG2 cells were evaluated. Our results show that the BSH activity and bile-acid deconjugation abilities of Pediococcus acidilactici NBHK002, Bifidobacterium adolescentis NBHK006, Lactobacillus rhamnosus NBHK007, and Lactobacillus acidophilus NBHK008 were higher than those of the other probiotic strains. The cholesterol concentration in cholesterol micelles was reduced within 24 h. NBHK007 reduced the TG secretion by 100% after 48 h of incubation. NBHK002, NBHK006, and NBHK007 could reduce apo B secretion by 33%, 38%, and 39%, respectively, after 24 h of incubation. The product PROBIO S-23 produced a greater decrease in the total concentration of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, TG, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance in the serum or livers of hamsters with hypercholesterolemia compared with that of hamsters fed with a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. These results show that the three probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria are better candidates for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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