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Remedio LN, Garcia VADS, Rochetti AL, Berretta AA, Ferreira JA, Fukumasu H, Vanin FM, Yoshida CMP, de Carvalho RA. Oral Films Printed with Green Propolis Ethanolic Extract. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1811. [PMID: 39000666 PMCID: PMC11243841 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral film (OF) research has intensified due to the effortless administration and advantages related to absorption in systemic circulation. Chitosan is one of the polymers widely used in the production of OFs; however, studies evaluating the maintenance of the active principles' activity are incipient. Propolis has been widely used as an active compound due to its different actions. Printing techniques to incorporate propolis in OFs prove to be efficient. The objective of the present study is to develop and characterize oral films based on chitosan and propolis using printing techniques and to evaluate the main activities of the extract incorporated into the polymeric matrix. The OFs were characterized in relation to the structure using scanning and atomic force electron microscopy; the mechanical properties, disintegration time, wettability, and stability of antioxidant activity were evaluated. The ethanolic extract of green propolis (GPEE) concentration influenced the properties of the OFs. The stability (phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity) was reduced in the first 20 days, and after this period, it remained constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Neodini Remedio
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP—University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.R.); (A.L.R.); (H.F.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Vitor Augusto dos Santos Garcia
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, José Barbosa de Barros 1780, Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil;
| | - Arina Lazaro Rochetti
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP—University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.R.); (A.L.R.); (H.F.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Andresa Aparecida Berretta
- Research, Development & Innovation Department, Apis Flora Industrial e Comercial Ltda, Rua Triunfo 945, Ribeirão Preto 14020-670, SP, Brazil;
| | - Julieta Adriana Ferreira
- FHO—Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Av. Doutor Maximiliano Baruto 500, Araras 13607-339, SP, Brazil;
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP—University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.R.); (A.L.R.); (H.F.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Fernanda Maria Vanin
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP—University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.R.); (A.L.R.); (H.F.); (F.M.V.)
| | - Cristiana Maria Pedroso Yoshida
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNIFESP—Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau 210, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rosemary Aparecida de Carvalho
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP—University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.R.); (A.L.R.); (H.F.); (F.M.V.)
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Berretta AA, Silveira MAD, Cóndor Capcha JM, De Jong D. Propolis and its potential against SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms and COVID-19 disease: Running title: Propolis against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110622. [PMID: 32890967 PMCID: PMC7430291 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis, a resinous material produced by honey bees from plant exudates, has long been used in traditional herbal medicine and is widely consumed as a health aid and immune system booster. The COVID-19 pandemic has renewed interest in propolis products worldwide; fortunately, various aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanism are potential targets for propolis compounds. SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells is characterized by viral spike protein interaction with cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and serine protease TMPRSS2. This mechanism involves PAK1 overexpression, which is a kinase that mediates coronavirus-induced lung inflammation, fibrosis, and immune system suppression. Propolis components have inhibitory effects on the ACE2, TMPRSS2 and PAK1 signaling pathways; in addition, antiviral activity has been proven in vitro and in vivo. In pre-clinical studies, propolis promoted immunoregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including reduction in IL-6, IL-1 beta and TNF-α. This immunoregulation involves monocytes and macrophages, as well as Jak2/STAT3, NF-kB, and inflammasome pathways, reducing the risk of cytokine storm syndrome, a major mortality factor in advanced COVID-19 disease. Propolis has also shown promise as an aid in the treatment of various of the comorbidities that are particularly dangerous in COVID-19 patients, including respiratory diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. Standardized propolis products with consistent bioactive properties are now available. Given the current emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and limited therapeutic options, propolis is presented as a promising and relevant therapeutic option that is safe, easy to administrate orally and is readily available as a natural supplement and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andresa Aparecida Berretta
- Research, Development and Innovation Department, Apis Flora Indl. Coml. Ltda, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - José Manuel Cóndor Capcha
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute at Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States.
| | - David De Jong
- Genetics Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Kafantaris I, Amoutzias GD, Mossialos D. Foodomics in bee product research: a systematic literature review. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03634-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wilcox A, Murphy M, Tucker D, Laprade D, Roussel B, Chin C, Hallisey V, Kozub N, Brass A, Austriaco N. Sulforaphane alters the acidification of the yeast vacuole. MICROBIAL CELL 2020; 7:129-138. [PMID: 32391394 PMCID: PMC7199281 DOI: 10.15698/mic2020.05.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a compound [1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)-butane] found in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables that is currently of interest because of its potential as a chemopreventive and a chemotherapeutic drug. Recent studies in a diverse range of cellular and animal models have shown that SFN is involved in multiple intracellular pathways that regulate xenobiotic metabolism, inflammation, cell death, cell cycle progression, and epigenetic regulation. In order to better understand the mechanisms of action behind SFN-induced cell death, we undertook an unbiased genome wide screen with the yeast knockout (YKO) library to identify SFN sensitive (SFNS) mutants. The mutants were enriched with knockouts in genes linked to vacuolar function suggesting a link between this organelle and SFN's mechanism of action in yeast. Our subsequent work revealed that SFN increases the vacuolar pH of yeast cells and that varying the vacuolar pH can alter the sensitivity of yeast cells to the drug. In fact, several mutations that lower the vacuolar pH in yeast actually made the cells resistant to SFN (SFNR). Finally, we show that human lung cancer cells with more acidic compartments are also SFNR suggesting that SFN's mechanism of action identified in yeast may carry over to higher eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wilcox
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA.,These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Michael Murphy
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA.,These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Douglass Tucker
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA.,These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - David Laprade
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Breton Roussel
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Christopher Chin
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, 368 Plantation St., ASC 1001, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Victoria Hallisey
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Noah Kozub
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Abraham Brass
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, 368 Plantation St., ASC 1001, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nicanor Austriaco
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA
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Evolutionary engineering and molecular characterization of a caffeine-resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:183. [PMID: 31728740 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is a naturally occurring alkaloid, where its major consumption occurs with beverages such as coffee, soft drinks and tea. Despite a variety of reports on the effects of caffeine on diverse organisms including yeast, the complex molecular basis of caffeine resistance and response has yet to be understood. In this study, a caffeine-hyperresistant and genetically stable Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant was obtained for the first time by evolutionary engineering, using batch selection in the presence of gradually increased caffeine stress levels and without any mutagenesis of the initial population prior to selection. The selected mutant could resist up to 50 mM caffeine, a level, to our knowledge, that has not been reported for S. cerevisiae so far. The mutant was also resistant to the cell wall-damaging agent lyticase, and it showed cross-resistance against various compounds such as rapamycin, antimycin, coniferyl aldehyde and cycloheximide. Comparative transcriptomic analysis results revealed that the genes involved in the energy conservation and production pathways, and pleiotropic drug resistance were overexpressed. Whole genome re-sequencing identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in only three genes of the caffeine-hyperresistant mutant; PDR1, PDR5 and RIM8, which may play a potential role in caffeine-hyperresistance.
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Physicochemical analyses, antioxidant, antibacterial, and toxicity of propolis particles produced by stingless bee Heterotrigona itama found in Brunei Darussalam. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02476. [PMID: 31687571 PMCID: PMC6819780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the physicochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial properties, and the toxicity of propolis particles produced by stingless bee Heterotrigona itama found in Brunei Darussalam were investigated. Propolis particles of different sizes were extracted from raw propolis using various volume fractions of ethanol in water. Spectroscopic analyses were utilized to characterize the chemical structures, functional groups, as well as absorbance and fluorescence properties. The total antioxidant capacity of propolis particles, which was assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, was found to increase with volume fraction of ethanol. The maximum antioxidant capacity was as high as 317.65 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per gram of propolis particles. All of the propolis particles showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The diameters of the inhibition zone were either significantly higher or equivalent to those of two standard antibiotics (rifampicin and streptomycin), suggesting strong antibacterial activity. The toxicity studies of propolis particles against Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that they are non-toxic after 24 h exposure. Overall findings suggest that H. itama propolis particles are not only an important source of natural antioxidants that could be beneficial for human health, but they have potentials as antimicrobial against bacteria.
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Freitas AS, Cunha A, Cardoso SM, Oliveira R, Almeida-Aguiar C. Constancy of the bioactivities of propolis samples collected on the same apiary over four years. Food Res Int 2018; 119:622-633. [PMID: 30884697 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Natural products, like propolis, have been subject of interest by several industries mainly due to their biological activities. However, besides being produced in low amounts propolis has a great variability in terms of chemical composition and bioactivities' profiles, constituting a problem for the development of propolis-based products and for its acceptance by the medical community. The aim of this work relates to the study of the bioactivities, in particular the antioxidant and the antimicrobial properties, as well as the chemical characterization of Portuguese propolis samples collected in an apiary sited at Gerês (G) along four consecutive years. Ethanol extracts of the four propolis samples (G.EEs) display antimicrobial activity, especially against Gram-positive spore forming bacteria. Antioxidant activity, evaluated by three different in vitro assays, was confirmed in vivo by flow cytometry using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as eukaryotic cell model. Cells incubated with G.EEs prior to H2O2 incubation, or incubated with G.EEs and H2O2 simultaneously, display higher viability than cells incubated only with H2O2, suggesting that G.EEs protect yeast cells against induced oxidative stress. All tested propolis samples exhibit very similar antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Chemical analysis of G.EEs revealed no significant differences in terms of phenolic profiles, namely in the compounds to which propolis bioactivities are ascribed, thus supporting the more constant behavior evidenced by these propolis samples. This work highlights the valuable properties of this bee product and reveals a constancy of bioactivities in a Portuguese propolis sample over four years, raising awareness to the potentialities of this natural product often regarded as a beekeeping waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Freitas
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Ana Cunha
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Rui Oliveira
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Cristina Almeida-Aguiar
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
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Kubiliene L, Jekabsone A, Zilius M, Trumbeckaite S, Simanaviciute D, Gerbutaviciene R, Majiene D. Comparison of aqueous, polyethylene glycol-aqueous and ethanolic propolis extracts: antioxidant and mitochondria modulating properties. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:165. [PMID: 29792194 PMCID: PMC5966891 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propolis is multicomponent substance collected by honeybees from various plants. It is known for numerous biological effects and is commonly used as ethanolic extract because most of active substances of propolis are ethanol-soluble. However, water-based propolis extracts could be applied more safely, as this solvent is more biocompatible. On the other hand, water extracts has significantly smaller range and quantity of active compounds. The extraction power of water could be enhanced by adding co-solvent which increases both solubility and penetration of propolis compounds. However, variation of solvents results in different composition of active substances that might have distinct effects. The majority of biological effects of propolis are attributed to the antioxidant properties of its active compounds. Antioxidant effect might be a result of either direct scavenging of ROS or modulation of ROS producing organelle activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate and compare chemical composition, antioxidant properties and effects on mitochondrial respiration of aqueous (AqEP), polyethylene glycol-aqueous (Pg-AqEP) and ethanolic (EEP) propolis extracts. METHODS Chemical composition of propolis extracts was determined using HPLC and Folin-Ciocalteu method. Ability to neutralize H2O2 and intracellular ROS concentration in C6 glioma cells were determined fluorometrically by using 10-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, respectively. Mitochondrial superoxide generation was assessed under fluorescent microscope by using MitoSOX Red. Oxygen uptake rates of mitochondria were recorded by high-resolution respirometer Oxygraph-2 k. RESULTS Our data revealed that phenolic acids and aldehydes make up 40-42% of all extracted and identified compounds in AqEP and Pg-AqEP and only 16% in EEP. All preparations revealed similar antioxidant activity in cell culture medium but Pg-AqEP and EEP demonstrated better mitochondrial superoxide and total intracellular ROS decreasing properties. At higher concentrations, AqEP and EEP inhibited mitochondrial respiration, but Pg-AqEP had concentration-dependent mitochondria-uncoupling effect. CONCLUSIONS Aqueous and non-aqueous propolis extracts differ by composition, but all of them possess antioxidant properties and neutralize H2O2 in solution at similar efficiency. However, both Pg-AqEP and EEP were more effective in decreasing intracellular and intramitochondrial ROS compared to AqEP. At higher concentrations, these preparations affect mitochondrial functions and change energy production in C6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreta Kubiliene
- Department of Drug technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian university of Health Sciences, Sukileliu st. 13, LT-50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aiste Jekabsone
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Modestas Zilius
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Lithuanian university of Health Sciences, Sukileliu st. 13, LT-50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sonata Trumbeckaite
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian university of Health Sciences, Sukileliu st. 13, LT-50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Simanaviciute
- Clinical Department, Lithuanian university of Health Sciences, Eiveniu st. 2, LT-50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rima Gerbutaviciene
- Department of Drug technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian university of Health Sciences, Sukileliu st. 13, LT-50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Majiene
- Department of Drug technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian university of Health Sciences, Sukileliu st. 13, LT-50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Efficacy of Propolis on the Denture Stomatitis Treatment in Older Adults: A Multicentric Randomized Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8971746. [PMID: 28396692 PMCID: PMC5371226 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8971746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our hypothesis tested the efficacy and safety of a mucoadhesive oral gel formulation of Brazilian propolis extract compared to miconazole oral gel for the treatment of denture stomatitis due to Candida spp. infection in older adults. Forty patients were randomly allocated in a noninferiority clinical trial into two groups. The control group (MIC) received 20 mg/g miconazole oral gel and the study group (PROP) received mucoadhesive formulation containing standardized extract of 2% (20 mg/g) propolis (EPP-AF®) during 14 days. Patients were examined on days 1, 7, and 14. The Newton's score was used to classify the severity of denture stomatitis. The colony forming unity count (CFU/mL) was quantified and identified (CHROMagar Candida®) before and after the treatment. Baseline characteristics did not differ between groups. Both treatments reduced Newton's score (P < 0.0001), indicating a clinical improvement of the symptoms of candidiasis with a clinical cure rate of 70%. The microbiological cure with significant reduction in fungal burden on T14 was 70% in the miconazole group and 25% in the EPP-AF group. The EPP-AF appears to be noninferior to miconazole considering the clinical cure rate and could be recommended as an alternative treatment in older patients.
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Tim CR, Bossini PS, Kido HW, Malavazi I, von Zeska Kress MR, Carazzolle MF, Rennó AC, Parizotto NA. Low-level laser therapy induces an upregulation of collagen gene expression during the initial process of bone healing: a microarray analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:88001. [PMID: 27548776 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.8.088001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the histological modifications produced by low level laser therapy (LLLT) on the first day of bone repair, as well as evaluates the LLLT effects on collagen expression on the site of a fracture. Twenty Wistar rats were distributed into a control group (CG) and a laser group (LG). Laser irradiation of Ga-Al-As laser 830 nm, 30 mW, 94 s, 2.8 J was performed in five sessions. Animals were euthanized on day 5 postsurgery. Histopathological analysis showed that LLLT was able to increase deposition of granulation tissue and newly formed bone at the site of the injury. In addition, picrosirius analysis showed that collagen fiber organization in the LG was enhanced compared to CG. Microarray analysis demonstrated that LLLT produced an upregulation type I collagen (COL-I). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the subjects that were treated presented a higher immunoexpression of COL-I. Our findings indicated that LLLT improves bone healing by producing a significant increase in the expression of collagen genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Roberta Tim
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Bioscience, Avenue Ana Costa 95, Santos 11050-240, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Bossini
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Bioscience, Avenue Ana Costa 95, Santos 11050-240, Brazil
| | - Hueliton Wilian Kido
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Bioscience, Avenue Ana Costa 95, Santos 11050-240, Brazil
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Rod Washington Luis Km 235, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Marcia Regina von Zeska Kress
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological, Avenue do Café 95, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Falsarella Carazzolle
- State University of Campinas, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas 13083-970, BrazileBrazilian National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro 10.000, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Rennó
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Bioscience, Avenue Ana Costa 95, Santos 11050-240, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo Antonio Parizotto
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Physiotherapy, Rod Washington Luis Km 235, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
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Effects of low level laser therapy on inflammatory and angiogenic gene expression during the process of bone healing: A microarray analysis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 154:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Effects of low-level laser therapy on the expression of osteogenic genes during the initial stages of bone healing in rats: a microarray analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30:2325-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kubiliene L, Laugaliene V, Pavilonis A, Maruska A, Majiene D, Barcauskaite K, Kubilius R, Kasparaviciene G, Savickas A. Alternative preparation of propolis extracts: comparison of their composition and biological activities. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:156. [PMID: 26012348 PMCID: PMC4443635 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Propolis is the bee product noted for multiple biological effects, and therefore it is widely used for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases. The active substances of propolis are easily soluble in ethanol. However ethanolic extracts cannot be used in treatment of certain diseases encountered in ophthalmology, pediatrics, etc. Unfortunately, the main biologically active substances of propolis are scarcely soluble in water, oil and other solvents usually used in pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this study was to investigate chemical composition, radical scavenging and antimicrobial activity of propolis extracts differently made in nonethanolic solvents. Methods Total content of phenolic compounds in extracts was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method. Chemical composition and radical scavenging activity of extracts were determined using HPLC system with free radical reaction detector. Antimicrobial activity of examined preparations was evaluated using the agar-well diffusion assay. Results Total amount of phenolic compounds in extracts made in polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) and water mixture or in PEG, olive oil and water mixture at 70 °C was comparable to that of ethanolic extract. Predominantly identified compounds were phenolic acids, which contribute ca. 40 % of total radical scavenging activity. Investigated nonethanolic extracts inhibited the growth and reproduction of all tested microrganisms. Antimicrobial activity of some extracts was equal or exceeded the antimicrobial effect of ethanolic extract. Extracts made in pure water or oil only at room temperature, contained more than 5 – 10-fold lower amount of phenolic compounds, and demonstrated no antimicrobial activity. Conclusions Nonethanolic solvent complex and the effect of higher temperature allows more effective extraction of active compounds from propolis. Concentration of total phenolic compounds in these extracts does not differ significantly from the concentration found in ethanolic extract. Propolis nonethanolic extracts have radical scavenging and antimicrobial activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0677-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104428. [PMID: 25105496 PMCID: PMC4126697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide, known as endotoxin, can stimulate potent host immune responses through the complex of Toll-like-receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation protein 2; but its influence on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model organism for studying eukaryotes, is not clear. In this study, we found that lipopolysaccharide-treated S. cerevisiae cells could be stained by methylene blue, but did not die. Transcriptional profiling of the lipopolysaccharide-treated S. cerevisiae cells showed that 5745 genes were modulated: 2491 genes up-regulated and 3254 genes down-regulated. Significantly regulated genes (460 up-regulated genes and 135 down-regulated genes) in lipopolysaccharide-treated S. cerevisiae cells were analyzed on Gene Ontology, and used to establish physical protein-protein interaction network and protein phosphorylation network. Based on these analyses, most of the regulated genes in lipopolysaccharide-treated S. cerevisiae cells were related to cell wall, membrane, peroxisome and mitochondrion. Further experiments demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide stimulation caused the exposure of phosphatidylserine and the increase of mitochondrial membrane potential in S. cerevisiae cells, but levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and metacaspase activation were not increased. This study demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide stimulation causes significant changes in S. cerevisiae cells, and the results would contribute to understand the response of eukaryotic cells to lipopolysaccharide stimulation.
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Petelinc T, Polak T, Jamnik P. Insight into the molecular mechanisms of propolis activity using a subcellular proteomic approach. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11502-11510. [PMID: 24195611 DOI: 10.1021/jf4042003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a fractionated 70% ethanolic extract of propolis were analyzed at the subproteome level by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Differential detergent fractionation was used to fractionate proteins from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae according to their subcellular localization. Thus, four subcellular proteomes were obtained: cytosolic, membrane/organelle, nuclear, and cytoskeletal. Yeast treatment resulted in changes in the levels of proteins involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism, antioxidant defense, actin filament dynamics, folding of proteins, and others. On the basis of this information, we can obtain better insights into the processes that are carried out in cells exposed to propolis extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Petelinc
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
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