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Liang Y, Ban Y, Liu L, Li Y. Inhibitory Effects of the Polyphenols from the Root of Rhizophora apiculata Blume on Fatty Acid Synthase Activity and Human Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:1180. [PMID: 38474695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine mangrove vegetation has been traditionally employed in folk medicine to address various ailments. Notably, Rhizophora apiculata Blume has exhibited noteworthy properties, demonstrating efficacy against cancer, viruses, and bacteria. The enzyme fatty acid synthase (FAS) plays a pivotal role in de novo fatty acid synthesis, making it a promising target for combating colon cancer. Our study focused on evaluating the FAS inhibitory effects of both the crude extract and three isolated compounds from R. apiculata. The n-butanol fraction of R. apiculata extract (BFR) demonstrated a significant inhibition of FAS, with an IC50 value of 93.0 µg/mL. For inhibition via lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-rhamnopyranoside (LR), the corresponding IC50 value was 20.1 µg/mL (35.5 µM). LR competitively inhibited the FAS reaction with acetyl-CoA, noncompetitively with malonyl-CoA, and in a mixed manner with NADPH. Our results also suggest that both BFR and LR reversibly bind to the KR domain of FAS, hindering the reduction of saturated acyl groups in fatty acid synthesis. Furthermore, BFR and LR displayed time-dependent inhibition for FAS, with kobs values of 0.0045 min-1 and 0.026 min-1, respectively. LR also exhibited time-dependent inhibition on the KR domain, with a kobs value of 0.019 min-1. In human colon cancer cells, LR demonstrated the ability to reduce viability and inhibit intracellular FAS activity. Notably, the effects of LR on human colon cancer cells could be reversed with the end product of FAS-catalyzed chemical reactions, affirming the specificity of LR on FAS. These findings underscore the potential of BFR and LR as potent FAS inhibitors, presenting novel avenues for the treatment of human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- School of Sports Sciences, Beijing Sport University, No. 48, Xinxi Road, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11, Beisanhuanxi Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Ban
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11, Beisanhuanxi Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- School of Sports Sciences, Beijing Sport University, No. 48, Xinxi Road, Beijing 100084, China
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2
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The Complex of Phycobiliproteins, Fucoxanthin, and Krill Oil Ameliorates Obesity through Modulation of Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidants in Obese Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224815. [PMID: 36432501 PMCID: PMC9693846 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins, fucoxanthin, and krill oil are natural marine products with excellent activities. In the study, we prepared the complex of phycobiliproteins, fucoxanthin, and krill oil (PFK) and assessed the anti-obesity, lipid-lowering, and antioxidant activities in high-fat diet rats. The results showed that the rats significantly and safely reduced body weight gain and regulated serum biochemical parameters at 50 mg/kg phycobiliproteins, 10 mg/kg fucoxanthin, and 100 mg/kg krill oil. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism study suggested that the complex of PFK confined the enzyme activities of lipid synthesis and enhanced antioxidant activity to improve obesity indirectly. The conclusions demonstrated that the complex of PFK has potent anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects which have potential use as a natural and healthy food and medicine for anti-obesity and lowering blood lipids in the future.
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3
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He X, Chen D, Guo Y, Zhang X, Ma Y, Zhao S. Walnut Meal Extracts Rich In Polyphenols Mitigate Insulin Resistance and Modulate Gut Microbiota in High Fat Diet-Fed Rats. J Med Food 2022; 25:618-629. [PMID: 35708635 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnut kernel is a traditional Chinese herb recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia with the efficacies of invigorating kidney, tonifying lung, and relaxing bowel. However, the potential mechanisms were unclear. This article aims to uncover the interdict mechanisms of walnut meal extracts (WMP) on high-fat diet (HFD) induced metabolic disorders in rats and reveal how the WMP benefits are associated with changes in the intestinal flora. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a standard chow diet or an HFD for 18 weeks. After 6 weeks, the HFD rats were supplemented with 750 mg WMP/kg body weight or the vehicle for 12 weeks. The structure of gut microbiota was assessed by analyzing 16S rDNA sequences. WMP suppressed the weight gain and visceral obesity. WMP treatment also improved lipid profiles and increased antioxidative activities. WMP fully reversed hepatic steatosis with the upregulation of adipocytokines involved in lipid catabolism (e.g., adiponectin, PPAR-γ, visfatin, CEBPα) and the increased activities of lipoprotein lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase, which were associated with glucose tolerance improvement and insulin resistance (IR) mitigation. As revealed by 16S rDNA sequencing, WMP restored the diversity of intestinal flora reduced by HFD. WMP dramatically reduced the abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, especially Fusobacterium varium and Bacteroides vulgatus, and sharply increased the abundance of Lactobacillus animalis decreased by HFD. Our findings demonstrated that WMP suppressed the weight gain and adiposity in HFD-fed rats and fully reversed HFD induced IR and hepatic steatosis while dramatically reducing the abundance of Fusobacteriaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, underscoring the gut-liver axis as a primary target of walnut polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingping He
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.,Faculty of Medicine, Lijiang Culture and Tourism College, Lijiang, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Quality Control, Yunnan Institute of Tobacco Quality Inspection and Supervision, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yage Ma
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Shenglan Zhao
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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4
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Kang X, Amevor FK, Zhang L, Shah AM, Zhu Q, Tian Y, Shu G, Wang Y, Zhao X. Study on the Major Genes Related with Fat Deposition in Liver and Abdominal Fat of Different Breeds of Chicken. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Kang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - FK Amevor
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - L Zhang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - AM Shah
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Q Zhu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Y Tian
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - G Shu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Y Wang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - X Zhao
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
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5
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Huang Y, Wang S, Meng X, Chen N, Li S. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Sirtuin 1 and Its Potential Regulation of Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Response in Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Front Physiol 2021; 12:726877. [PMID: 34646155 PMCID: PMC8504536 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.726877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) was cloned and characterized in the present study and the influence of SIRT1 activation induced by resveratrol inclusion on the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and antioxidation was also investigated. The SIRT1 of largemouth bass, with full-length cDNA sequence of 3395bp encoding 695 amino acids, was mainly expressed in gonad, heart and liver. The analysis of multiple sequence alignment revealed that, in accordance with other species, SIRT1 of largemouth bass contained highly conserved substrate-binding site and NAD+ binding site. The result of subcellular localization displayed that SIRT1 of largemouth bass was mainly localized in the nucleus. The inclusion of 1.0 and 2.5‰ dietary RSV, a natural SIRT1 activator, significantly elevated the SIRT1 protein expression. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of AKT1 and FoxO1 followed similar pattern with that of SIRT1, indicating the activation of insulin pathway, which may result in the inhibition of lipogenesis and activation of lipolysis, and reduced hepatic triglycerides content. Additionally, the activation of SIRT1 induced by dietary RSV elevated the antioxidant capacity at both transcriptional level and enzymatic level, which was probably mediated by the transcription factor Nrf2. In above, SIRT1 was suggested to be involved in improving antioxidant capacity and alleviating hepatic lipid deposition in largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Huang
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilin Wang
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxue Meng
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naisong Chen
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songlin Li
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Benbouguerra N, Hornedo-Ortega R, Garcia F, El Khawand T, Saucier C, Richard T. Stilbenes in grape berries and wine and their potential role as anti-obesity agents: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Cole LK, Mejia EM, Sparagna GC, Vandel M, Xiang B, Han X, Dedousis N, Kaufman BA, Dolinsky VW, Hatch GM. Cardiolipin deficiency elevates susceptibility to a lipotoxic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 144:24-34. [PMID: 32418915 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique tetra-acyl phospholipid localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane and essential for normal respiratory function. It has been previously reported that the failing human heart and several rodent models of cardiac pathology have a selective loss of CL. A rare genetic disease, Barth syndrome (BTHS), is similarly characterized by a cardiomyopathy due to reduced levels of cardiolipin. A mouse model of cardiolipin deficiency was recently developed by knocking-down the cardiolipin biosynthetic enzyme tafazzin (TAZ KD). These mice develop an age-dependent cardiomyopathy due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Since reduced mitochondrial capacity in the heart may promote the accumulation of lipids, we examined whether cardiolipin deficiency in the TAZ KD mice promotes the development of a lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. In addition, we investigated whether treatment with resveratrol, a small cardioprotective nutraceutical, attenuated the aberrant lipid accumulation and associated cardiomyopathy. Mice deficient in tafazzin and the wildtype littermate controls were fed a low-fat diet, or a high-fat diet with or without resveratrol for 16 weeks. In the absence of obesity, TAZ KD mice developed a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy characterized by reduced left-ventricle (LV) volume (~36%) and 30-50% increases in isovolumetric contraction (IVCT) and relaxation times (IVRT). The progression of cardiac hypertrophy with tafazzin-deficiency was associated with several underlying pathological processes including altered mitochondrial complex I mediated respiration, elevated oxidative damage (~50% increase in reactive oxygen species, ROS), the accumulation of triglyceride (~250%) as well as lipids associated with lipotoxicity (diacylglyceride ~70%, free-cholesterol ~44%, ceramide N:16-35%) compared to the low-fat fed controls. Treatment of TAZ KD mice with resveratrol maintained normal LV volumes and preserved systolic function of the heart. The beneficial effect of resveratrol on cardiac function was accompanied by a significant improvement in mitochondrial respiration, ROS production and oxidative damage to the myocardium. Resveratrol treatment also attenuated the development of cardiac steatosis in tafazzin-deficient mice through reduced de novo fatty acid synthesis. These results indicate for the first time that cardiolipin deficiency promotes the development of a hypertrophic lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, we determined that dietary resveratrol attenuates the cardiomyopathy by reducing ROS, cardiac steatosis and maintaining mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Cole
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Edgard M Mejia
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center Denver, Aurora, USA
| | - Marilyne Vandel
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Bo Xiang
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and the Department of Medicine-Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonia, TX, USA
| | - Nikolaos Dedousis
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine and the Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine and the Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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8
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Unsal V, Deveci K, Ozmen ZC, Tumer MK. Research on the effects of L-carnitine and trans-chalcone on endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in high-fructose corn syrup-fed rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-05-2020-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The debate on the metabolic effects of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) continues. The deterioration of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is called ER stress. Glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP-78) and X-box binding protein-1 (XBP-1) are key markers of ER stress and the therapeutic targets of diseases. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) is the most important transcription factor that regulates the expression of enzymes for fatty acid synthesis. The purpose of this paper is to research the effects of L-carnitine and trans-chalcone on ER stress and oxidative stress parameters, and to explore the therapeutic potential of L-carnitine and trans-chalcone molecules.
Design/methodology/approach
Forty male wistar albino rats randomly selected were divided into five groups. All groups are fed with standard chow (ad libitum). While Group I was fed with drinking water, Group II, III, IV and V were fed with water containing 15% HFCS. L-carnitine was given to Group IV and trans-chalcone to Group V, and both were dissolved with DMSO and given intraperitoneally. Group III was not given anything additional.
Findings
While the amount of water consumption of HFCS-fed rats has increased, the amount of feed consumption has decreased. The weights of rats in Group II and Group III have increased significantly compared to Group I (p = 0.001, p = 0.001 respectively). In Group III, GRP78, XBP-1; malondialdehyde level (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.041); total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL levels (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.009, p = 0.001, respectively) have increased significantly.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first report to show that excessive HFCS consumption causes oxidative stress and ER stress. The antioxidant and antiobesity properties of trans chalcone have been demonstrated. Extensive experimental and clinical studies should be conducted.
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9
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Yu HR, Sheen JM, Tiao MM, Tain YL, Chen CC, Lin IC, Lai YJ, Tsai CC, Lin YJ, Tsai CC, Chang KA, Huang LT. Resveratrol Treatment Ameliorates Leptin Resistance and Adiposity Programed by the Combined Effect of Maternal and Post-Weaning High-Fat Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801385. [PMID: 31004461 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Prenatal high-fat (HF) and postnatal HF diet are both associated with obesity and metabolic disturbances in adults. Leptin resistance induced by obesity limits its biological effects. The anti-obesity mechanism of resveratrol in visceral adiposity is investigated here. METHODS AND RESULTS During mating and lactation, Sprague-Dawley dams are fed either control or a HF diet. Subsequently, the offspring are fed chow or an HF diet. A fifth group that received maternal/postnatal HF diet and resveratrol after weaning (HHR) is used to study the effects of resveratrol treatment. Resveratrol treatment alleviates adiposity programed by maternal and postnatal HF diet by decreasing feed intake or inducing metabolic changes. Resveratrol treatment is also found to ameliorate the decrease in SIRT1 abundance observed in retroperitoneal adipose tissue, programed by maternal and postnatal HF diet. Moreover, resveratrol therapy decreases plasma leptin level and increases leptin receptor expression in retroperitoneal adipose tissue through DNA methylation modification. CONCLUSION These results suggest that resveratrol can alleviate peripheral leptin resistance programed by the combined effect of prenatal and postnatal HF diet through epigenetic regulation of genes coding leptin and its receptor. It provides insights into a novel mechanism explaining the beneficial effects of resveratrol in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University,, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University,, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University,, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University,, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University,, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University,, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chou Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chang Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kow-Aung Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University,, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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10
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Hirata BKS, Cruz MM, de Sá RDCC, Farias TSM, Machado MMF, Bueno AA, Alonso-Vale MIC, Telles MM. Potential Anti-obesogenic Effects of Ginkgo biloba Observed in Epididymal White Adipose Tissue of Obese Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:284. [PMID: 31133986 PMCID: PMC6523993 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exacerbated expansion of adipose tissue seen in diet-induced obesity leads to endocrine dysfunction and disturbance in adipokine secretion, with such abnormal profile positively associated with type 2 diabetes and other mild chronic inflammatory conditions. Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE), a mixture of polyphenols with antioxidant properties, has been recently investigated in a variety of experimental models of endocrine dysfunction, with several potentially beneficial effects identified, including improvement in insulin sensitivity in obese rats, and reduction of weight gain in ovariectomy-induced obesity and diet-induced obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate in high fat diet-induced obese male rats the effects of GbE supplementation for 2 weeks on adipocyte volume and adipose tissue lipid accumulation. GbE supplementation was effective in reducing energy intake in obese rats compared to the saline-treated placebo group. Epididymal adipocyte volume was reduced in GbE-supplemented rats, as were epididymal [1-14C]-acetate incorporation into fatty acids, perilipin (Plin 1) and fatty acid synthase (Fasn) mRNA, and FAS protein levels. Adipocyte hypertrophy in obesity is associated with insulin resistance, and in the present study we observed a reduction in the adipocyte volume of GbE-supplemented obese rats to dimensions equivalent to adipocytes from non-obese rats. GbE supplementation significantly reduced acetate accumulation and tended to reduce [3H]-oleate incorporation, into epididymal adipose tissue, suggesting a potentially anti-obesogenic effect in longer term therapies. Further studies that investigate the effects of GbE supplementation in other experimental models are required to fully elucidate its suggested beneficial effects on mild chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna K. S. Hirata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Maysa M. Cruz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Roberta D. C. C. de Sá
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Talita S. M. Farias
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Meira M. F. Machado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Allain A. Bueno
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Isabel C. Alonso-Vale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Monica M. Telles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
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11
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Shanbhag AP. FabG: from a core to circumstantial catalyst. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:675-688. [PMID: 31037463 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Core biochemical pathways such as Fatty-acid synthesis II (FAS II) is ascribed to the synthesis of fatty-acids, biotin and lipoic acid in prokaryotes. It has two dehydrogenases namely, FabG and FabI which interact with the fatty-acid chain bound to Acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a well-studied enzyme which binds to substrates of varying lengths. This protein-protein interaction 'broadens' the active site of these dehydrogenases thus, contributing to their flexible nature. This property is exploited for catalysing numerous chiral synthons, alkanes, long-chain alcohols and secondary metabolites in industries especially with FabG. FASI relegates FASII in eukaryotes making it a 'relic gene pool' and an antibacterial drug target with diverse inhibitor and substrate markush. FabG often substitutes other dehydrogenases for producing secondary metabolites in nature. This redundancy is probably due to gene duplication or addition events possibly making FabG, a progenitor to some of the complex short-chain dehydrogenases used in organisms and industries today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh P Shanbhag
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India. .,Bugworks Research India Pvt. Ltd, C-CAMP, NCBS Campus, UAS-GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India.
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12
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Sarkar P, Thirumurugan K. Modulatory functions of bioactive fruits, vegetables and spices in adipogenesis and angiogenesis. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Jiang H, Gan T, Zhang J, Ma Q, Liang Y, Zhao Y. The Structures and Bioactivities of Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:7081-7101. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190507105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS or FASN) is a vital enzyme which catalyzes
the de novo synthesis of long chain fatty acids. A number of studies have recently been reported
that FAS was combined targets for the discovery of anti-obesity and anti-cancer drugs. Great interest
has been developed in finding novel FAS inhibitors, and result in more than 200 inhibitors being
reported.
Methods:
The reported research literature about the FAS inhibitors was collected and analyzedsised
through major databases including Web of Science, and PubMed. Then the chemical stractures,
FAS inhibitory activities, and Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) were summarized
focused on all these reported FAS inhibitors.
Results:
The 248 FAS inhibitors, which were reported during the past 20 years, could be divided
into thiolactone, butyrolactone and butyrolactam, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and other
structures, in view of their structure characteristics. And the SAR of high inhibitory structures of
each type was proposed in this paper.
Conclusion:
A series of synthetic quinolinone derivatives show strongest inhibitory activity in the
reported FAS inhibitors. Natural polyphenols, existing in food and herbs, show more adaptive in
medicine exploration because of their safety and efficiency. Moreover, screening the FAS inhibitors
from microorganism and marine natural products could be the hot research directions in the
future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tian Gan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jiasui Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Qingyun Ma
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Youxing Zhao
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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14
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[Special Issue for Honor Award dedicating to Prof Kimito Funatsu]An Electronic-Structure Informatics Study on Inhibitory Activity of Natural Products against Fatty Acid Synthase. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AIDED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.2751/jcac.20.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Wu L, Ye M, Zhang J. Vincamine prevents lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation and oxidative stress via thioredoxin reductase activation in human corneal epithelial cells. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:2195-2204. [PMID: 30093956 PMCID: PMC6079141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced keratitis is a progressive infectious ocular disease in which innate inflammatory responses often cause clinical tissue damage and vision loss. In this study, the potential protective effects of vincamine, a plant alkaloid used clinically as a peripheral vasodilator, against LPS induced inflammation and oxidative stress were investigated on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). HCECs were treated with LPS and vincamine at various concentrations. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and the gene expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in HCECs, were assessed. The antioxidant potential of vincamine was evaluated by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The effects of vincamine on intracellular activities of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) as well as other anti-oxidant proteins were also investigated in LPS treated HCECs. The results showed that vincamine protected HCECs from LPS induced cell viability reduction and ameliorated the inflammation. Vincamine exhibited a strong antioxidant activity, decreasing ROS levels and regulating the levels of SOD, T-AOC and MDA. Vincamine also exerted anti-inflammatory activities by decreasing IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β expression. Intracellular TrxR activity was significantly activated by vincamine. These findings suggest that vincamine exerts positive effects against LPS induced oxidative stress and inflammation and may be useful in protecting corneal epithelial cells from LPS induced keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Meihong Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNo. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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16
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Piovan S, Pavanello A, Peixoto GML, Matiusso CCI, de Moraes AMP, Martins IP, Malta A, Palma-Rigo K, da Silva Franco CC, Milani PG, Dacome AS, da Costa SC, de Freitas Mathias PC, Mareze-Costa CE. Stevia Nonsweetener Fraction Displays an Insulinotropic Effect Involving Neurotransmission in Pancreatic Islets. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:3189879. [PMID: 29853880 PMCID: PMC5949184 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3189879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni besides being a source of noncaloric sweeteners is also an important source of bioactive molecules. Many plant extracts, mostly obtained with ethyl acetate solvent, are rich in polyphenol compounds that present insulinotropic effects. To investigate whether the nonsweetener fraction, which is rich in phenolic compounds isolated from Stevia rebaudiana with the solvent ethyl acetate (EAF), has an insulinotropic effect, including interference at the terminals of the autonomic nervous system of the pancreatic islets of rats. Pancreatic islets were isolated from Wistar rats and incubated with EAF and inhibitory or stimulatory substances of insulin secretion, including cholinergic and adrenergic agonists and antagonists. EAF potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) only in the presence of high glucose and calcium-dependent concentrations. EAF increased muscarinic insulinotropic effects in pancreatic islets, interfering with the muscarinic receptor subfamily M3. Adrenergic inhibitory effects on GSIS were attenuated in the presence of EAF, which interfered with the adrenergic α2 receptor. Results suggest that EAF isolated from stevia leaves is a potential therapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus by stimulating insulin secretion only in high glucose concentrations, enhancing parasympathetic signal transduction and inhibiting sympathetic signal transduction in beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Piovan
- Department of Physiology Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Audrei Pavanello
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Isabela Peixoto Martins
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ananda Malta
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Gimenez Milani
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Zhu W, Lv C, Wang J, Gao Q, Zhu H, Wen H. Patuletin induces apoptosis of human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cell line via inhibiting fatty acid synthase gene expression and activity. Oncol Lett 2018; 14:7449-7454. [PMID: 29344187 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a key enzyme involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and serves an important role in breast cancer development. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of patuletin on the gene expression and activity of FASN in the human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cell line, and the apoptotic effects of patuletin to breast cancer cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and intracellular FASN activity assays were used to evaluate FASN gene expression, protein expression and activity in patuletin-treated SK-BR-3 cells. MTT assays and flow cytometry were used to measure cell growth and cell apoptosis, respectively, following patuletin treatment. As a result, it was demonstrated that patuletin dose-dependently reduces FASN expression and intracellular activity in human breast cancer cells, and induces apoptosis in FASN over-expressing SK-BR-3 cells. Notably, apoptosis is associated with the reduction of intracellular FASN activity. The present study demonstrates that patuletin may be considered as a novel natural inhibitor of FASN, may induce anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in certain human breast cancer cells and may be useful for preventing and/or treating human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China.,National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Lv
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Wen
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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18
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Jang J, Jung Y, Chae S, Cho SH, Yoon M, Yang H, Shin SS, Yoon Y. Gangjihwan, a polyherbal composition, inhibits fat accumulation through the modulation of lipogenic transcription factors SREBP1C, PPARγ and C/EBPα. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 210:10-22. [PMID: 28842339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gangjihwan (DF) which is composed of Ephedra intermedia, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and Rheum palmatum has been used for the treatment of obesity in traditional medical clinics in Korea. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to standardize DF and elucidate its mechanism of action for inhibiting fat accumulation in adipocytes and adipose tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS The herbal ingredients of DF were extracted in water, 30% ethanol or 70% ethanol and freeze-dried followed by HPLC analyses. 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice were treated with each of the three DF preparations. Messenger RNA and protein expression levels were measured by real-time qPCR and Western blotting. RNA-Seq analyses were conducted to examine the effects of DF treatment on whole transcriptome of adipocyte. RESULTS (-)-Ephedrine and (+)-pseudoephedrine from E. intermedia, aloe-emodin and chrysophanol from R. palmatum and shikonin from L. erythrorhizon were identified as phytochemical components of DF. DF caused dose-dependent inhibition of fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. It also significantly reduced adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. DF was found to down-regulate the expressions of the lipogenic transcription factors such as sterol regulatory element binding protein 1C (SREBP1C), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). Among the three preparations of DF, the 70% ethanol extract was the most effective. RNA-Seq analyses showed that DF treatment decreased the expression levels of up-regulators and increased those of down-regulators of lipogenic transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS DF preparations, among which 70% ethanol extract was the most effective, reduced fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice through the down-regulation of lipogenic transcription factors SREBP1C, PPARγ and C/EBPα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoong Jang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonju Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Chae
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Michung Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejon 35349, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Shik Shin
- Department of Formula Sciences and Research Center of Korean Medicine for Diabetes and Obesity, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoosik Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Liang Y, Luo D, Gao X, Wu H. Inhibitory effects of garcinone E on fatty acid synthase. RSC Adv 2018; 8:8112-8117. [PMID: 35542030 PMCID: PMC9078525 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13246h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is highly expressed in human adipocytes and cancer cells and is considered as a dual therapeutic target for obesity and cancer treatment. Garcinone E is a natural xanthone and exists in the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana. In previous studies, xanthones were reported to be highly active inhibitors of FAS. In the present study, the detailed inhibitory mechanism of garcinone E on FAS was investigated. We found that garcinone E inhibited the activity of FAS in a concentration-dependent manner with a half-inhibitory concentration value of 3.3 μM. The inhibition kinetic results showed that the inhibition of FAS by garcinone E was competitive with respect to acetyl-CoA, mixed competitive and noncompetitive with respect to malonyl-CoA, and noncompetitive to NADPH. In addition, garcinone E showed irreversible inhibition on FAS, which was different from all other xanthones. Since FAS is believed to be a therapeutic target for obesity and cancer treatment, these findings suggest the clinical potential of garcinone E in the prevention and treatment of both obesity and cancer. Garcinone E exhibits both fast-binding reversible and time-dependent irreversible inhibition on the activity of fatty acid synthase.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- School of Kinesiology and Health
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Di Luo
- Scientific Research Office
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Xuan Gao
- School of Kinesiology and Health
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Hao Wu
- Scientific Research Office
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
- Beijing 100191
- China
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20
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Ramírez NM, Toledo RCL, Moreira MEC, Martino HSD, Benjamin LDA, de Queiroz JH, Ribeiro AQ, Ribeiro SMR. Anti-obesity effects of tea from Mangifera indica L. leaves of the Ubá variety in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:938-945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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21
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Han J, Qu Q, Qiao J, Zhang J. Vincamine Alleviates Amyloid-β 25-35 Peptides-induced Cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:123-128. [PMID: 28216895 PMCID: PMC5307895 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.196309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Vincamine is a plant alkaloid used clinically as a peripheral vasodilator that increases cerebral blood flow and oxygen and glucose utilization by neural tissue to combat the effect of aging. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of vincamine on amyloid-β 25–35 (Aβ25–35) induced cytotoxicity, to gain a better understanding of the neuroprotective effects of this clinically used anti-Alzheimer's disease drug. Materials and Methods: Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell apoptosis detection was performed using an Annexin-V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using an ROS Assay Kit. Western blot detection was carried out to detect the protein expression. Results: Our studies showed that pretreatment with vincamine could reduce Aβ25–35 induced oxidative stress. Vincamine markedly inhibited cell apoptosis dose-dependently. More importantly, vincamine increased the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Bcl-2 family protein ratios on preincubation with cells for 2 h. Conclusion: Above observation led us to assume that one possible mechanism of vincamine protects Aβ25-35-induced cell death could be through upregulation of SOD and activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. SUMMARY Vincamine ameliorates amyloid-β 25–35 (Aβ25–35) peptides induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells Vincamine reduces Aβ 25–35 peptides induced apoptosis of PC12 cells Vincamine activates the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway Vincamine up-regulates the superoxide dismutase.
Abbreviation used: Aβ25-35: Amyloid-β 25-35; AD: Alzheimer's disease; BCA: Bicinchoninic acid; GSH: glutathione; PBS: Phosphate buffered solution; SDS: Sodium dodecylsulphate; SOD: Superoxide dismutase
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Clinical Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Clinical Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jin Qiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Clinical Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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22
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Huang YH, Jung DW, Lee OH, Kang IJ. Fermented Platycodon grandiflorum Extract Inhibits Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Med Food 2016; 19:1004-1014. [PMID: 27792464 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether fermented Platycodon grandiflorum (FPG) inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We evaluated the effect of FPG on antiadipogenic activity via regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), as well as protein expression of their target genes, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). We further examined the antiobesity effects of FPG on HFD-induced obesity in mice. The FPG was orally administered to mice with a HFD at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. Our results show that FPG significantly inhibited fat accumulation during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis through downregulating adipogenic transcript factors. Moreover, FPG markedly reduced the final body weight with a decrease in epididymal adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size compared with the untreated HFD-induced group. The effects of FPG on HFD-induced obesity were primarily responsible for inhibiting adipogenesis in adipose tissue and regulating lipid metabolism, such as through lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. Additionally, FPG ameliorated serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Hence, FPG may be an alternative treatment for controlling obesity through downregulating lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua Huang
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- 2 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea
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23
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Zhang JS, Lei JP, Wei GQ, Chen H, Ma CY, Jiang HZ. Natural fatty acid synthase inhibitors as potent therapeutic agents for cancers: A review. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1919-1925. [PMID: 26864638 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1113995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is the only mammalian enzyme to catalyse the synthesis of fatty acid. The expression level of FAS is related to cancer progression, aggressiveness and metastasis. In recent years, research on natural FAS inhibitors with significant bioactivities and low side effects has increasingly become a new trend. Herein, we present recent research progress on natural fatty acid synthase inhibitors as potent therapeutic agents. Objective This paper is a mini overview of the typical natural FAS inhibitors and their possible mechanism of action in the past 10 years (2004-2014). Method The information was collected and compiled through major databases including Web of Science, PubMed, and CNKI. Results Many natural products induce cancer cells apoptosis by inhibiting FAS expression, with fewer side effects than synthetic inhibitors. Conclusion Natural FAS inhibitors are widely distributed in plants (especially in herbs and foods). Some natural products (mainly phenolics) possessing potent biological activities and stable structures are available as lead compounds to synthesise promising FAS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Sui Zhang
- a School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , China
| | - Jie-Ping Lei
- a School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , China
| | - Guo-Qing Wei
- a School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , China
| | - Hui Chen
- a School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , China
| | - Chao-Ying Ma
- a School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , China
- b School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , China
| | - He-Zhong Jiang
- a School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , China
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24
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Willson CM, Grundmann O. In vitro assays in natural products research - a matter of concentration and relevance to in vivo administration using resveratrol, α-mangostin/γ-mangostin and xanthohumol as examples. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:492-506. [PMID: 27234135 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1190721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Herbal or botanical dietary supplements are an ever increasingly popular category of products in the United States and around the world. In vitro data can provide meaningful insight into the potential target and mechanism of action for a proposed active compound but may also be misused to promote a supplement to consumers with unverified health claims. In vitro data need to be considered alongside pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data in preclinical animal and clinical human trials. While considerable activity of compounds and extracts in vitro may lead to further testing in vivo, in many instances, concentrations tested in cell lines or isolated targets are not achievable at the target site in vivo. Thus, whether the in vitro data are relevant to humans after oral administration is questionable. This review will discuss this discrepancy using in vitro and in vivo data of resveratrol, xanthones (α-mangostin and γ-mangostin) and xanthohumol.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Willson
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - O Grundmann
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
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25
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Jiang B, Liang Y, Sun X, Liu X, Tian W, Ma X. Potent Inhibitory Effect of Chinese Dietary Spices on Fatty Acid Synthase. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 70:257-262. [PMID: 25924694 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-015-0486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dietary spices have been adopted in cooking since ancient times to enhance flavor and also as food preservatives and disease remedies. In China, the use of spices and other aromatic plants as food flavoring is an integral part of dietary behavior, but relatively little is known about their functions. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) has been recognized as a remedy target, and its inhibitors might be applied in disease treatment. The present work was designed to assess the inhibitory activities on FAS of spices extracts in Chinese menu. The in vitro inhibitory activities on FAS of 22 extracts of spices were assessed by spectrophotometrically monitoring oxidation of NADPH at 340 nm. Results showed that 20 spices extracts (90.9 %) exhibited inhibitory activities on FAS, with half inhibition concentration (IC(50)) values ranging from 1.72 to 810.7 μg/ml. Among them, seven spices showed strong inhibitory effect with IC(50) values lower than 10 μg/ml. These findings suggest that a large proportion of the dietary spices studied possess promising inhibitory activities on FAS, and subsequently might be applied in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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26
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Britton RG, Kovoor C, Brown K. Direct molecular targets of resveratrol: identifying key interactions to unlock complex mechanisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1348:124-33. [PMID: 26099829 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To truly understand the mechanisms through which resveratrol exerts its biological effects, the key direct interactions between resveratrol and its target biomolecules must be identified. With an increasing number of biochemical tools to measure and quantify direct physical interactions between biomolecules, there have been around 20 proteins identified as having a specific affinity to resveratrol to date. Resveratrol has been described as a promiscuous molecule, and one would expect it to bind with numerous proteins, which would help explain why resveratrol appears to have so many health benefits and has been shown to act upon various different pathways related to a diverse range of conditions. The aim of this review is to present the direct protein targets of resveratrol that are currently known and highlight the consequences of direct binding and the methods used to identify the nature of these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Britton
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Kovoor
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Brown
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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27
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Zhang XA, Zhang S, Yin Q, Zhang J. Quercetin induces human colon cancer cells apoptosis by inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappa B Pathway. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:404-9. [PMID: 25829782 PMCID: PMC4378141 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.153096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin can inhibit the growth of cancer cells with the ability to act as chemopreventers. Its cancer-preventive effect has been attributed to various mechanisms, including the induction of cell-cycle arrest and/or apoptosis as well as the antioxidant functions. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) is a signaling pathway that controls transcriptional activation of genes important for tight regulation of many cellular processes and is aberrantly expressed in many types of cancer. Inhibitors of NF-κB pathway have shown potential anti-tumor activities. However, it is not fully elucidated in colon cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that quercetin induces apoptosis in human colon cancer CACO-2 and SW-620 cells through inhibiting NF-κB pathway, as well as down-regulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 and up-regulation of Bax, thus providing basis for clinical application of quercetin in colon cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-An Zhang
- Anorectal Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan College of TCM, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shuangxi Zhang
- Anorectal Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan College of TCM, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Hematological Malignancy, The Affiliated Hospital, Henan TCM Research Academy, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Anorectal Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan College of TCM, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Calycosin induces apoptosis in human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells by activating caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5333-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Luo Y, Wang SX, Zhou ZQ, Wang Z, Zhang YG, Zhang Y, Zhao P. Apoptotic effect of genistein on human colon cancer cells via inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11483-8. [PMID: 25128065 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein possesses a wide variety of biological activities, and it is best known for its ability to inhibit cancer progression. Its cancer-preventive effect has been attributed to various mechanisms, including the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis as well as the antioxidant functions. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) is a signaling pathway that controls transcriptional activation of genes important for the tight regulation of many cellular processes and is aberrantly expressed in many types of cancer. Inhibitors of NF-κB pathway have shown potential anti-tumor activities. However, it is not fully elucidated in colon cancer. In the present study, we demonstrated that genistein could induce apoptosis in human colon cancer LoVo and HT-29 cells through inhibiting NF-κB pathway, as well as downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax, thus providing basis for clinical application of genistein in colon cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Department of Health Management Center, Hangzhou Sanatorium of PLA, 27 Yang Gongdi Rd., Hangzhou, 310007, People's Republic of China
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