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Duailibe JBB, Viau CM, Saffi J, Fernandes SA, Porawski M. Protective effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on hepatorenal syndrome in rats. World J Nephrol 2024; 13:95627. [PMID: 39351184 PMCID: PMC11439093 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v13.i3.95627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is the most prevalent form of acute kidney injury in cirrhotic patients. It is characterized by reduced renal blood flow and represents the most severe complication in cirrhotic patients with advanced disease. Previous research has indicated that antioxidants can delay the onset of a hyperdynamic circulatory state in cirrhosis and improve renal function in HRS patients. Regular omega-3 supplementation has significantly reduced the risk of liver disease. This supplementation could represent an additional therapy for individuals with HRS. AIM To evaluated the antioxidant effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on the kidneys of cirrhotic rats. METHODS Secondary biliary cirrhosis was induced in rats by biliary duct ligation (BDL) for 28 d. We used 24 male Wistar rats divided into the following groups: I (control); II (treated with omega-3, 1 g/kg of body weight); III (BDL treated with omega-3, 1 g/kg of body weight); and IV (BDL without treatment). The animals were killed by overdose of anesthetic; the kidneys were dissected, removed, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored in a freezer at -80℃ for later analysis. We evaluated oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, DNA damage by the comet assay, cell viability test, and apoptosis in the kidneys. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, and means were compared using the Tukey test, with P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Omega-3 significantly decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (P < 0.001) and lipoperoxidation in the kidneys of cirrhotic rats treated with omega-3 (P < 0.001). The activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase increased in the BDL+omega-3 group compared to the BDL group (P < 0.01). NO production, DNA damage, and caspase-9 cleavage decreased significantly in the omega-3-treated BDL group. There was an increase in mitochondrial electrochemical potential (P < 0.001) in BDL treated with omega-3 compared to BDL. No changes in the cell survival index in HRS with omega-3 compared to the control group (P > 0.05) were observed. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that omega-3 can protect cellular integrity and function by increasing antioxidant enzymes, inhibiting the formation of free radicals, and reducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Bruno Beretta Duailibe
- Department of Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Macagnan Viau
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Saffi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Alves Fernandes
- Department of Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Department of Hepatology and Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
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Teixeira EH, Andrade AL, Pereira R, Farias LP, Monteiro GS, Marinho MM, Marinho ES, Santos HS, de Vasconcelos MA. Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm Activities and Synergic Effect of Triterpene 3β,6β,16β-trihydroxyilup-20(29)-ene Isolated from Combretum leprosum Leaves Against Staphylococcus Strains. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:176. [PMID: 37029832 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a natural phenomenon and is becoming a huge global public health problem, since some microorganisms not respond to the treatment of several classes of antibiotics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and synergistic effect of triterpene 3β,6β,16β-trihydroxyilup-20(29)-ene (CLF1) against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. Bacterial susceptibility to CLF1 was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay. In addition, the effect combined with antibiotics (ampicillin and tetracycline) was verified by the checkerboard method. The biofilms susceptibility was assessed by enumeration of colony-forming units (CFUs) and quantification of total biomass by crystal violet staining. The compound showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against all Staphylococcal strains tested. The synergistic effect with ampicillin was observed only for S. epidermidis strains. Moreover, CLF1 significantly inhibited the biofilm formation and disrupted preformed biofilm of the all strains. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed changes in the cell morphology and structure of S. aureus ATCC 700698 biofilms (a methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain). Molecular docking simulations showed that CLF1 has a more favorable interaction energy than the antibiotic ampicillin on penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2a of MRSA, coupled in different regions of the protein. Based on the results obtained, CLF1 proved to be a promising antimicrobial compound against Staphylococcus biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Holanda Teixeira
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Lopes Andrade
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pereira
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Livia Pontes Farias
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gabrieli Sobral Monteiro
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcia Machado Marinho
- Faculdade de Educação, Ciência e Letras de Iguatu, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Iguatu, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Faculdade de Filosofia Dom Aureliano Matos, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Hélcio Silva Santos
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mayron Alves de Vasconcelos
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Unidade de Divinopolis, Divinopolis, MG, 35501-179, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, 59610-210, Brazil
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Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anthelmintic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities and FTIR Analysis of Combretum nioroense Stem Bark. J CHEM-NY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/5424386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Combretum nioroense is widely used in the folkloric treatment of a variety of bacterial and helminthic infections. The decoction of its leaves is traditionally fed to newborn babies in some rural parts of Ghana. The study focused on identifying the prime components of petroleum ether and ethanolic extracts of the stem bark using standard phytochemical screening protocols and chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The activities (cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anthelmintic, and anti-inflammatory) of the extracts of C. nioroense were also investigated. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of glycosides, saponins, phenols, coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phytosterols, flavanols, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides. The action of the extracts of C. nioroense on Milsonia ghanensis worms was concentration-dependent, with the least concentration (0.75 mg/mL) paralyzing and killing M. ghanensis after the maximal exposure time. The IC50 values for petroleum ether and ethanol extracts in the DPPH assay were >100.0 and 27.940 ± 1.005 μg/mL and those of the H2O2 assay were 400.900 ± 3.400 and 322.500 ± 1.005 μg/mL, respectively. The total antioxidant capacities (TACs) for petroleum ether and ethanol extracts were 47.197 ± 0.533 and 57.968 ± 0.560 gAAE/100 g, respectively. The IC50 value for ethanol extract in the cytotoxicity studies was 115.4 ± 1.332 μg/mL. The MICs of the extracts against the test organisms were within the range of 0.0122–25.0 mg/mL. The extracts (petroleum ether and ethanol) showed a concentration-dependent increase in anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values of 31.254 ± 0.359 and 24.402 ± 0.569 μg/mL, respectively. Chromatographic separations of the ethanol extract gave three fractions. FTIR analysis of the extracts and purified fractions revealed the presence of functional groups, confirming the presence of the phytochemicals identified in the screening test. The results indicate that both extracts of C. nioroense exhibit cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anthelmintic, and anti-inflammatory activities, thereby proving the folkloric use to treat ailments caused by worms and microorganisms.
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Coutinho MR, Oliveira LS, Evaristo FFV, Marinho MM, Marinho EM, Teixeira EH, Teixeira AMR, Marinho ES, Santos HS. Pharmacological potential of the triterpene 3
β
,6
β
,16
β
‐trihidroxilup‐20 (29)‐ene isolated from
Combretum leprosum
: A literature review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:486-493. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marnielle R. Coutinho
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology‐PPGB‐Renorbio State University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
| | - Larissa S. Oliveira
- Science and Technology, Graduate Program in Natural Sciences State University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
| | | | - Márcia M. Marinho
- Faculty of Education, Science and Letters of Iguatu State University of Ceará Iguatu Ceará Brazil
| | - Emanuelle M. Marinho
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, science center Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
| | - Edson H. Teixeira
- Integrated Laboratory of Biomolecules (LIBS), Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
| | - Alexandre Magno R. Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology‐PPGB‐Renorbio State University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
- Science and Technology, Graduate Program in Natural Sciences State University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
- Department of Biological Chemistry Regional University of Cariri Crato Ceará Brazil
| | - Emmanuel S. Marinho
- Science and Technology, Graduate Program in Natural Sciences State University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy Dom Aureliano Matos State University of Ceará Limoeiro do Norte Ceará Brazil
| | - Hélcio S. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology‐PPGB‐Renorbio State University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
- Science and Technology, Graduate Program in Natural Sciences State University of Ceará Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
- Center for Exact Sciences and Technology State University of Vale do Acaraú Sobral Ceará Brazil
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5
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Yuan L, Cai Y, Zhang L, Liu S, Li P, Li X. Promoting Apoptosis, a Promising Way to Treat Breast Cancer With Natural Products: A Comprehensive Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:801662. [PMID: 35153757 PMCID: PMC8836889 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.801662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the top-ranked malignant carcinomas associated with morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Chemotherapy is one of the main approaches to breast cancer treatment. Breast cancer initially responds to traditional first- and second-line drugs (aromatase inhibitor, tamoxifen, and carboplatin), but eventually acquires resistance, and certain patients relapse within 5 years. Chemotherapeutic drugs also have obvious toxic effects. In recent years, natural products have been widely used in breast cancer research because of their low side effects, low toxicity, and good efficacy based on their multitarget therapy. Apoptosis, a programmed cell death, occurs as a normal and controlled process that promotes cell growth and death. Inducing apoptosis is an important strategy to control excessive breast cancer cell proliferation. Accumulating evidence has revealed that natural products become increasingly important in breast cancer treatment by suppressing cell apoptosis. In this study, we reviewed current studies on natural product–induced breast cancer cell apoptosis and summarized the proapoptosis mechanisms including mitochondrial, FasL/Fas, PI3K/AKT, reactive oxygen species, and mitogen-activated protein kinase–mediated pathway. We hope that our review can provide direction in the search for candidate drugs derived from natural products to treat breast cancer by promoting cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqing Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Fengdu County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoli Li, ; Pan Li,
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoli Li, ; Pan Li,
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da Costa CC, Martins LAM, Koth AP, Ramos JMO, Guma FTCR, de Oliveira CM, Pedra NS, Fischer G, Helena ES, Gioda CR, Sanches PRS, Junior ASV, Soares MSP, Spanevello RM, Gamaro GD, de Souza ICC. Static Magnetic Stimulation Induces Changes in the Oxidative Status and Cell Viability Parameters in a Primary Culture Model of Astrocytes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:873-885. [PMID: 34176101 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes play an important role in the central nervous system function and may contribute to brain plasticity response during static magnetic fields (SMF) brain therapy. However, most studies evaluate SMF stimulation in brain plasticity while few studies evaluate the consequences of SMF at the cellular level. Thus, we here evaluate the effects of SMF at 305 mT (medium-intensity) in a primary culture of healthy/normal cortical astrocytes obtained from neonatal (1 to 2-day-old) Wistar rats. After reaching confluence, cells were daily subjected to SMF stimulation for 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, and 40 min during 7 consecutive days. Oxidative stress parameters, cell cycle, cell viability, and mitochondrial function were analyzed. The antioxidant capacity was reduced in groups stimulated for 5 and 40 min. Although no difference was observed in the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase or the total thiol content, lipid peroxidation was increased in all stimulated groups. The cell cycle was changed after 40 min of SMF stimulation while 15, 30, and 40 min led cells to death by necrosis. Mitochondrial function was reduced after SMF stimulation, although imaging analysis did not reveal substantial changes in the mitochondrial network. Results mainly revealed that SMF compromised healthy astrocytes' oxidative status and viability. This finding reveals how important is to understand the SMF stimulation at the cellular level since this therapeutic approach has been largely used against neurological and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Crespo da Costa
- NeuroCell Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil
| | - Léo Anderson Meira Martins
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Bairro Centro Histórico, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brasil
| | - André Peres Koth
- NeuroCell Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil
| | - Jéssica Marques Obelar Ramos
- NeuroCell Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil
| | - Fátima Theresinha Costa Rodrigues Guma
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-000, Brasil
| | - Cleverson Moraes de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-000, Brasil
| | - Nathália Stark Pedra
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Inflammation and Cancer, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil
| | - Geferson Fischer
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil
| | - Eduarda Santa Helena
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande Avenida Itália, Km 8, Bairro Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brasil
| | - Carolina Rosa Gioda
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande Avenida Itália, Km 8, Bairro Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brasil
| | - Paulo Roberto Stefani Sanches
- Laboratory of the Research and Development Service in Biomedical Engineering- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350- Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre-RS, 90035-903, Brasil
| | - Antonio Sergio Varela Junior
- Institute of Biological Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Avenida Itália, Km 8, Bairro Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brasil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Inflammation and Cancer, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil
| | - Rosélia Maria Spanevello
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Inflammation and Cancer, Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil
| | - Giovana Duzzo Gamaro
- NeuroCell Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Campus Universitário, S/N, Capão do Leão-RS, 96160-000, Brasil
| | - Izabel Cristina Custódio de Souza
- Coordinator of NeuroCell Laboratory, Laboratory of Histology, Department of Morphology, Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Universidade Federal de Pelotas Avenida Duque de Caxias, 250, 96030-000, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
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Mohd Fisall UF, Ismail NZ, Adebayo IA, Arsad H. Dichloromethane fraction of Moringa oleifera leaf methanolic extract selectively inhibits breast cancer cells (MCF7) by induction of apoptosis via upregulation of Bax, p53 and caspase 8 expressions. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4465-4475. [PMID: 34086162 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a well-known medicinal plant which has anti-cancer and other biological activities. This research aims to determine the cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of M. oleifera leave extract on the breast cancer (MCF7) cells. The extracts were prepared using hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform and n-butanol by fractionating the crude 80% methanol extract of the plant leaves. The cytotoxic effect of the extracts on MCF7 cells were determined using CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation (MTS) assay. The apoptosis study was conducted using Annexin V-FITC analysis and confirmed by Western blotting using selected proteins, which are p53, Bax, cytochrome c and caspase 8. Our results showed that the dichloromethane (DF-CME-MOL) extract was selectively cytotoxic to MCF7 cells (5 μg/mL) without significantly inhibiting the non-cancerous breast (MCF 10A) cells. It had the highest selectivity index (SI) value of 9.5 among the tested extracts. It also induced early apoptosis and increased the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, caspase 8 and p53 in MCF7 cells. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) analysis showed that the major compounds found in DF-CME-MOL were benzeneacetonitrile, 4-hydroxy- and benzeneacetic acid, 4-hydroxy-, methyl ester among others that were detected. Thus, DF-CME-MOL extract was found to inhibit the proliferation of MCF7 cells by apoptosis induction, which is likely due to the activities of the detected phytochemical compounds of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umiey Fahietah Mohd Fisall
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Noor Zafirah Ismail
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Abiola Adebayo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P. O. Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Hasni Arsad
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
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Sousa HG, Uchôa VT, Cavalcanti SMG, de Almeida PM, Chaves MH, Lima Neto JDS, Nunes PHM, da Costa Júnior JS, Rai M, Do Carmo IS, de Sousa EA. Phytochemical screening, phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and cytogenotoxicity activities of Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:399-417. [PMID: 33494643 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1875345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae), a shrub popularly known as mofumbo, is used in folk medicine for treatment of uterine bleeding, pertussis, gastric pain, and as a sedative. The aim of this study was to (1) determine the phytochemical profile,(2) identify chemical constituents and (3) examine antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts and fractions of stem bark and leaves. The plant material (leaf and stem bark) was submitted to extraction with ethanol, followed by partition using hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. It was possible to identify and quantify the epicatechin in the ethanolic stem bark extract (0.065 mg/g extract) and rutin in the leaf extract (3.33 mg/g extract). Based upon in vitro tests a significant relationship was noted between findings from antioxidant tests and levels of total phenolic and flavonoid. Comparing all samples (extracts and fractions), the ethyl acetate fractions of stem bark (411.40 ± 15.38 GAE/g) and leaves (225.49 ± 9.47 GAE/g) exhibited higher phenolic content, whereas hexanic fraction of stem bark (124.28 ± 56 mg/g sample) and ethyl acetate fraction of leaves (238.91 ± 1.73 mg/g sample) demonstrated a higher content of flavonoids. Among the antioxidant tests, the intermediate fraction of stem bark (28.5 ± 0.60 μg/ml) and ethyl acetate fraction of leaves (40 ± 0.56 μg/ml) displayed a higher % inhibition of free radical DPPH activity, whereas intermediate fraction of stem bark (27.5 ± 0.9 μg/ml) and hydromethanol fraction of leaves (81 ± 1.4 μg/ml) demonstrated inhibition of the free radical ABTS. In biological tests (Allium cepa and micronucleus in peripheral blood), data showed that none of the tested concentrations of ethanolic extracts of leaves and stem bark produced significant cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenic activity.Abbreviations AA%: percentage of antioxidant activity; ABTS: 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); CEUA: Ethics Committee in the Use of Animals; TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; EEB: ethanol extract of the stem bark; HFB: Hexanic fraction of stem bark; IFB: Intermediate fraction of stem bark; CFB: Chloroform fraction of stem bark; EAFB: Ethyl acetate fraction of stem bark; HMFB: Hydromethanol fraction of the stem bark; EEL: Ethanol extract from leaves; HFL: Hexane fraction of leaves; CFL: Chloroform fraction of leaves; EAFL: Ethyl acetate fraction of leaves; HMFL: Hydromethanol fraction of leaves; GAE: Gallic Acid Equivalent; IC50: 50% inhibition concentration; HCOOH: Formic acid; HCl: hydrochloric acid; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; MN: micronucleus; WHO: World Health Organization; UFLC: Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography; UESPI: State University of Piauí.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Gonzaga Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Valdiléia Teixeira Uchôa
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Genetics, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati, Maharashtra, India
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Silva Dos Santos M, Lobo MM, Amaral SS, Zanatta N, Viau CM, Saffi J. A novel 1-((3-(2-toluyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one activates intrinsic mitochondria-dependent pathway and decreases angiogenesis in PC-3 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174028. [PMID: 33727055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the most common cancer diagnoses in men, and the best treatment for patients with metastatic disease in advanced stages is still unclear. Previously, we have demonstrated that the three 1-(3-(aryl-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)methyl)-4-trihalomethyl-1H-pyrimidin-2- ones derivatives (8a, 8e and 9c) present important cytotoxicity and selectivity for tumoral cells. Considering that various cytotoxic drugs have been assessed in patients with prostate cancer, but few drugs show survival advantage, we decided to study these three compounds (8a, 8e and 9c) in prostate cancer cells, androgen receptor (AR)-positive 22Rv-1 and AR-negative PC-3 cells. We obtained the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 8a, 8e and 9c in prostate cancer cells and based on high selectivity of 9c to PC-3 cells, we determined the mechanism of this compound to induce cell death through different methods. We show here that 9c compound induces cell cycle arrest in G2/M, increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage, and triggers DNA damage response by ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and histone H2AX phosphorylation induction. The compound also led PC-3 to lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial depolarization which triggered the activation of intrinsic pathway, confirmed by increase of cleaved caspase-9 and 3. In this work we also show the ability of 9c in reducing vascular endothelial growth factor expression (VEGF) and inhibiting topoisomerase I enzyme, therefore indicating a potential new molecule to be further investigated for prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Silva Dos Santos
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcio Marçal Lobo
- Chemical Core Heterocycles (NUQUIMHE), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Schneider Amaral
- Department of Pharmacosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Chemical Core Heterocycles (NUQUIMHE), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Macagnan Viau
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jenifer Saffi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Silva-Filho CJ, Freitas PG, Oliveira FC, Barbosa FG, Oliveira MC, Eloy JO, Pessoa C, Mafezoli J. Nanoencapsulation of triterpene 3β,6β,16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene from Combretum leprosum as strategy to improve its cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Silva FCO, de Menezes JESA, Ferreira MKA, da Silva AW, Holanda CLA, Dos Reis Lima J, Campos AR, Evaristo FFV, Teixeira EH, Magalhães FEA, Bandeira PN, Dos Santos HS. Antinociceptive activity of 3β-6β-16β-trihydroxylup-20 (29)-ene triterpene isolated from Combretum leprosum leaves in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:362-367. [PMID: 32962857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Drugs used to treat pain are associated with adverse effects, increasing the search for new drugs as an alternative treatment for pain. Therefore, we evaluated the antinociceptive behavior and possible neuromodulation mechanisms of triterpene 3β, 6β, 16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (CLF-1) isolated from Combretum leprosum leaves in zebrafish. Zebrafish (n = 6/group) were pretreated with CLF-1 (0.1 or 0.3 or 1.0 mg/mL; i.p.) and underwent nociception behavior tests. The antinociceptive effect of CFL-1 was tested for modulation by opioid (naloxone), nitrergic (L-NAME), nitric oxide and guanylate cyclase synthesis inhibitor (methylene blue), NMDA (Ketamine), TRPV1 (ruthenium red), TRPA1 (camphor), or ASIC (amiloride) antagonists. The corneal antinociceptive effect of CFL-1 was tested for modulation by TRPV1 (capsazepine). The effect of CFL-1 on zebrafish locomotor behavior was evaluated with the open field test. The acute toxicity study was conducted. CLF-1 reduced nociceptive behavior and corneal in zebrafish without mortalities and without altering the animals' locomotion. Thus, CFL-1 presenting pharmacological potential for the treatment of acute pain and corneal pain, and this effect is modulated by the opioids, nitrergic system, NMDA receptors and TRP and ASIC channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Crislândia Oliveira Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jane Eire Silva Alencar de Menezes
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Kueirislene Amâncio Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Antonio Wlisses da Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Leone Alves Holanda
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Joyce Dos Reis Lima
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Adriana Rolim Campos
- Universidade de Fortaleza, Núcleo de Biologia Experimental (NUBEX), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Holanda Teixeira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas (LIBS), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Francisco Ernani Alves Magalhães
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade de Fortaleza, Núcleo de Biologia Experimental (NUBEX), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Produtos Naturais e Biotecnologia, Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nogueira Bandeira
- Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Curso de Química, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Regional do Cariri, Departamento de Química Biológica, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Curso de Química, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Regional do Cariri, Departamento de Química Biológica, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
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Apoptotic or Antiproliferative Activity of Natural Products against Keratinocytes for the Treatment of Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102558. [PMID: 31137673 PMCID: PMC6566887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products or herbs can be used as an effective therapy for treating psoriasis, an autoimmune skin disease that involves keratinocyte overproliferation. It has been demonstrated that phytomedicine, which is used for psoriasis patients, provides some advantages, including natural sources, a lower risk of adverse effects, and the avoidance of dissatisfaction with conventional therapy. The herbal products’ structural diversity and multiple mechanisms of action have enabled the synergistic activity to mitigate psoriasis. In recent years, the concept of using natural products as antiproliferative agents in psoriasis treatment has attracted increasing attention in basic and clinical investigations. This review highlights the development of an apoptotic or antiproliferatic strategy for natural-product management in the treatment of psoriasis. We systematically introduce the concepts and molecular mechanisms of keratinocyte-proliferation inhibition by crude extracts or natural compounds that were isolated from natural resources, especially plants. Most of these studies focus on evaluation through an in vitro keratinocyte model and an in vivo psoriasis-like animal model. Topical delivery is the major route for the in vivo or clinical administration of these natural products. The potential use of antiproliferative phytomedicine on hyperproliferative keratinocytes suggests a way forward for generating advances in the field of psoriasis therapy.
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Pedra NS, Galdino KDCA, da Silva DS, Ramos PT, Bona NP, Soares MSP, Azambuja JH, Canuto KM, de Brito ES, Ribeiro PRV, Souza ASDQ, Cunico W, Stefanello FM, Spanevello RM, Braganhol E. Endophytic Fungus Isolated From Achyrocline satureioides Exhibits Selective Antiglioma Activity-The Role of Sch-642305. Front Oncol 2018; 8:476. [PMID: 30420941 PMCID: PMC6215846 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most devastating primary brain tumor. Current treatment is palliative, making necessary the development of new therapeutic strategies to offer alternatives to patients. Therefore, endophytes represent an interesting source of natural metabolites with anticancer potential. These microorganisms reside in tissues of living plants and act to improve their growth. Evidence revealed that several medicinal plants are colonized by endophytic fungi producer of antitumor metabolites. Achyrocline satureioides is a Brazilian medicinal plant characterized by its properties against gastrointestinal disturbances, anticancer and antioxidant effects. However, there are no reports describing the endophytic composition of A. satureioides. The present study proposes the isolation of endophytic fungus from A. satureioides, extract preparation, phytochemical characterization and evaluation of its antiglioma potential. Our data showed that crude extracts of endophyte decreased glioma viability with IC50 values of 1.60-1.63 μg/mL to eDCM (dichloromethane extract) and 37.30-55.12 μg/mL to eEtAc (ethyl acetate extract), respectively. Crude extracts induced cell death by apoptosis with modulation of redox status. In order to bioprospect anticancer metabolites, endophytic fungus extracts were subjected to guided fractionation and purification yielded five fractions of each extract. Six of ten fractions showed selective antiproliferative activity against glioma cells, with IC50 values ranged from 0.95 to 131.3 μg/mL. F3DCM (from eDCM) and F3EtAc (from eEtAc) fractions promoted C6 glioma toxicity with IC50 of 1.0 and 27.05 μg/mL, respectively. F3EtAc fraction induced late apoptosis and arrest in G2/M stage, while F3DCM promoted apoptosis with arrest in Sub-G1 phase. Moreover, F3DCM increased antioxidant defense and decreased ROS production. Additionally, F3DCM showed no cytotoxic activity against astrocytes, revealing selective effect. Based on promising potential of F3DCM, we identified the production of Sch-642305, a lactone, which showed antiproliferative properties with IC50 values of 1.1 and 7.6 μg/mL to C6 and U138MG gliomas, respectively. Sch-642305 promoted arrest on cell cycle in G2/M inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, this lactone decreased glioma cell migration and modulated redox status, increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and enhancing sulfhydryl content, consequently suppressing reactive species of oxygen generation. Taken together, these results indicate that metabolites produced by endophytic fungus isolated from A. satureioides have therapeutic potential as antiglioma agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Stark Pedra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Kennia de Cássia Araújo Galdino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Schuch da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Priscila Treptow Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Juliana Hoffstater Azambuja
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Wilson Cunico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Structurally simple synthetic 1, 4-disubstituted piperidines with high selectivity for resistant Plasmodium falciparum. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 19:42. [PMID: 29973275 PMCID: PMC6033213 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-018-0233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emergence of resistance to artemisinins and some of their combinations in chemotherapy of clinical malaria has intensified the search for novel safe efficacious antimalarial molecules. Fourteen synthetic 1, 4-disubstituted piperidines with simple molecular structures were evaluated in this study. Methods Antiplasmodial activity were determined against cultured chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 and resistant Dd2 strains of P. falciparum by in vitro parasite growth inhibition. A primary screen was done to identify active compounds by fluorescence microscopy followed by a secondary screen to determine IC50 and IC90 values of active compounds by the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay. Cytotoxicity of active compounds was assessed using the MTT/formazan assay and selectivity indices (SIs) determined. Optical densities were analysed to obtain experimental results. Results The compounds produced 56 to 93% inhibition of parasite growth at 40 μg/mL. Eight compounds (2 ketone, 5 alcohol and one amine analogues) showed high activity (IC50s between 1 and 5 μg/mL). Nine compounds were highly selective for the parasite (SIs = 15 to 182). Three promising (alcohol) analogues were identified: [1-(4-fluorobenzyl) piperidin-4-yl] [4-fluorophenyl] methanol, (7), [1-(3, 4-dichlorobenzyl) piperidin-4-yl] [4- fluorophenyl] methanol (8) and [1-(4-bromobenzyl) piperidin-4-yl] [4- fluorophenyl] methanol (11) which were more active on the resistant strain (IC50 values between 1.03 to 2.52 μg/mL), than the sensitive strain (IC50 values between 2.51 to 4.43 μg/mL). Conclusions The alcohol analogues were the most active and most selective for the parasite with three promising hit molecules identified among them, suggesting the hydroxyl group at C-7’ in these alcohol analogues is contributing greatly to their antiplasmodial activity. Further exploration of the core structure using chemistry approaches and biological screening including in vivo studies in an animal model of malaria may yield important antimalarial leads.
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Iqbal J, Abbasi BA, Batool R, Mahmood T, Ali B, Khalil AT, Kanwal S, Shah SA, Ahmad R. Potential phytocompounds for developing breast cancer therapeutics: Nature’s healing touch. Eur J Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Soares MSP, Viau CM, Saffi J, Costa MZ, da Silva TM, Oliveira PS, Azambuja JH, Barschak AG, Braganhol E, S Wyse AT, Spanevello RM, Stefanello FM. Acute administration of methionine and/or methionine sulfoxide impairs redox status and induces apoptosis in rat cerebral cortex. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1693-1703. [PMID: 28676970 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
High plasma levels of methionine (Met) and its metabolites such as methionine sulfoxide (MetO) may occur in several genetic abnormalities. Patients with hypermethioninemia can present neurological dysfunction; however, the neurotoxicity mechanisms induced by these amino acids remain unknown. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of Met and/or MetO on oxidative stress, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and to evaluate whether the cell death mechanism is mediated by apoptosis in the cerebral cortex of young rats. Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into groups: saline, Met 0.4 g/Kg, MetO 0.1 g/Kg and Met 0.4 g/Kg + MetO 0.1 g/Kg, and were euthanized 1 and 3 h after subcutaneous injection. Results showed that TBARS levels were enhanced by MetO and Met+MetO 1 h and 3 h after treatment. ROS was increased at 3 h by Met, MetO and Met+MetO. SOD activity was increased in the Met group, while CAT was reduced in all experimental groups 1 h and 3 h after treatment. GPx activity was enhanced 1 h after treatment by Met, MetO and Met+MetO, however it was reduced in the same experimental groups 3 h after administration of amino acids. Caspase-3, caspase-9 and DNA damage was increased and cell viability was reduced by Met, MetO and Met+MetO at 3 h. Also, Met, MetO and Met+MetO, after 3 h, enhanced early and late apoptosis cells. Mitochondrial electrochemical potential was decreased by MetO and Met+MetO 1 h and 3 h after treatment. These findings help understand the mechanisms involved in neurotoxicity induced by hypermethioninemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Macagnan Viau
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Saffi
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zanusso Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Morgana da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Pathise Souto Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Hofstatter Azambuja
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alethéa Gatto Barschak
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doença Metabólica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção - Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Horinouchi CDDS, Mendes DAGB, Nolte S, Brito PSD, Soley BDS, Favero GM, Facundo VA, Santos ARS, Cabrini DDA, Otuki MF. Anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of 3β,6β,16β-Trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene on cutaneous inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 195:298-308. [PMID: 27880883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 3β,6β,16β-Trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (TTHL) is a triterpene isolated from the flowers of Combretum leprosum, a plant used in folk medicine in the north of Brazil for the treatment of skin disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, TTHL was evaluated as a potential topical anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative agent through in vivo and in vitro models. MATERIAL AND METHODS Anti-inflammmatory and anti-proliferative effects of TTHL were assessed using Swiss mice in acute and chronic models of skin inflammation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-acetate (TPA) application. Anti-proliferative activity was proved through in vitro experiments with the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line. RESULTS Treatment with TTHL inhibited inflammatory parameters such as oedema formation and cellular infiltration in acute and chronic models. In the chronic model, TTHL also inhibited epidermal hyperproliferation, as evidenced by reduction of epidermis thickness and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. The anti-proliferative effect was confirmed by the capability of TTHL in reducing the proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis of HaCaT cells. Suggesting a mechanism of action, TTHL showed activation of corticosteroid receptors, but without the induction of corticosteroid-related cutaneous side effects. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate consistent anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity and assign TTHL as a valuable tool in the development of a new treatment for skin inflammatory and proliferative diseases, such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefanie Nolte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748 (Room - M47), CEP 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Salles de Brito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748 (Room - M47), CEP 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bruna da Silva Soley
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box 19031, CEP 81530-900 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giovani Marino Favero
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748 CEP 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Valdir Alves Facundo
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, CEP 6801-974 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Adair Roberto Soares Santos
- Department of Physiological Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Almeida Cabrini
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box 19031, CEP 81530-900 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michel Fleith Otuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box 19031, CEP 81530-900 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Structural Aspects of Antioxidant and Genotoxic Activities of Two Flavonoids Obtained from Ethanolic Extract of Combretum leprosum. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:9849134. [PMID: 27478483 PMCID: PMC4949345 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9849134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Combretum leprosum Mart., a member of the Combretaceae family, is a traditionally used Brazilian medicinal plant, although no evidence in the literature substantiates its antioxidant action and the safety of its use. We evaluated the antioxidant properties of the ethanolic extract (EE) from flowers of C. leprosum and its isolated products 5,3′-dihydroxy-3,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone (FCL2) and 5,3′,4′-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone (FCL5) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains proficient and deficient in antioxidant defenses. Their mutagenic activity was also assayed in S. cerevisiae, whereas cytotoxic and genotoxic properties were evaluated by MTT and Comet Assays, respectively, in V79 cells. We show that the EE, FCL2, and FCL5 have a significant protective effect against H2O2. FCL2 showed a better antioxidant action, which can be related to the activation of the 3′-OH in the presence of a methoxyl group at 4′ position in the B-ring of the molecule, while flavonoids did not induce mutagenesis in yeast, and the EE was mutagenic at high concentrations. The toxicity of these compounds in V79 cells increases from FCL2 = FCL5 < EE; although not cytotoxic, FCL5 induced an increase in DNA damage. The antioxidant effect, along with the lower toxicity and the absence of genotoxicity, suggests that FCL2 could be suitable for pharmacological use.
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Gamma-decanolactone inhibits iNOS and TNF-alpha production by lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia in N9 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 780:38-45. [PMID: 27012990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Activated microglia that produce reactive nitrogen species (RNS), inflammatory factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and other neurovirulent factors may lead to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Certain compounds can inhibit the activation of microglia. However, these mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Gamma-decanolactone (GD) on the production of reactive oxygen species and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated N9 murine microglial cells through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. The results showed that GD attenuated the activation of N9 cells and inhibited intracellular reactive oxygen species and the expression of iNOS and TNF-α induced by LPS in the cells. In addition, GD blocked the phosphorylation of p38 and inhibited cleaved caspase-9 and DNA damage. These data indicate that GD has therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and that it exerts its effects by inhibiting inflammation.
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Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity of Compounds Isolated from Flourensia oolepis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:912484. [PMID: 26819623 PMCID: PMC4706877 DOI: 10.1155/2015/912484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of metabolites isolated from an antibacterial extract of Flourensia oolepis were evaluated. Bioguided fractionation led to five flavonoids, identified as 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone (1), isoliquiritigenin (2), pinocembrin (3), 7-hydroxyflavanone (4), and 7,4′-dihydroxy-3′-methoxyflavanone (5). Compound 1 showed the highest antibacterial effect, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 31 to 62 and 62 to 250 μg/mL, against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. On further assays, the cytotoxic effect of compounds 1–5 was determined by MTT assay on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell lines including their multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotypes. Compound 1 induced a remarkable cytotoxic activity toward ALL cells (IC50 = 6.6–9.9 μM) and a lower effect against CML cells (IC50 = 27.5–30.0 μM). Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle distribution and cell death by PI-labeled cells and by Annexin V/PI staining, respectively. Upon treatment, 1 induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase accompanied by a strong induction of apoptosis. These results describe for the first time the antibacterial metabolites of F. oolepis extract, with 1 being the most effective. This chalcone also emerges as a selective cytotoxic agent against sensitive and resistant leukemic cells, highlighting its potential as a lead compound.
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Synthesis and cytotoxic activity evaluation of some novel 1-(3-(aryl-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)methyl)-4-trihalomethyl-1 H -pyrimidin-2-ones in human cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:836-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Apoptosis-Inducing Activity of Marine Sponge Haliclona sp. Extracts Collected from Kosrae in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:717959. [PMID: 26236382 PMCID: PMC4508479 DOI: 10.1155/2015/717959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although various anticancer drugs have been developed for the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer, chemotherapeutic efficacy is still limited. Natural products such as phytochemicals have been screened as novel alternative materials, but alternative funds such as marine bioresources remain largely untapped. Of these resources, marine sponges have undergone the most scrutiny for their biological activities, including antiinflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties. However, the biological mechanisms of the activities of these marine sponges are still unclear. We investigated the anticancer activity of marine sponges collected from Kosrae in Micronesia and examined their mechanisms of action using nonsmall cell lung cancer A549 cells as a model system. Of 20 specimens, the Haliclona sp. (KO1304-328) showed both dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity. Further, methanol extracts of Haliclona sp. significantly inhibited cell proliferation and cell viability. A549 cells treated with Haliclona sp. demonstrated induced expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p53, p21, caspase-8, and caspase-3. The percentage of apoptotic cells significantly increased in A549 cultures treated with Haliclona sp. These results indicate that Haliclona sp. induces apoptosis via the JNK-p53 pathway and caspase-8, suggesting that this marine sponge is a good resource for the development of drugs for treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer.
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