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Deeh PBD, Watcho P, Wang MH. Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological profile of Mondia whitei: A review. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106119. [PMID: 39002656 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Mondia whitei is an aromatic plant native to sub-Saharan Africa. This spice is commonly used in the treatment of various diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, erectile dysfunction, and premature ejaculation. This review was undertaken to provide updated information on the botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological knowledge of this plant of high relevance to African populations. Moreover, its mechanism of action was described based on previous experimental studies. Data were compiled from various online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer link, Taylor and Francis, and SciFinder. Additionally, books, book chapters and proceedings were used as secondary sources. The chemical structures of phytocompounds were drawn using PubChem Sketcher program. M. whitei contains various phytocompounds, including reducing sugars, triterpenes, steroids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, hydrogen cyanide, carotenoid, oxalate and phytate. Moreover, para-pentylphenyl-benzoate, (-)-Loliolide, 5-chloropropacin, propacin, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, isovanillin, 9-hexacosene, 2-hexen-1-ol, and heptacosane were isolated from this spice. M. whitei has several pharmacological benefits, including aphrodisiac, pro-fertile, pro-erectile, androgenic, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antimalarial, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant, antidiarrheal, hepatoprotective, antisickling, and anticancer activities. Toxicological studies showed an LD50 of above 5000 mg/Kg and no signs of toxicity after one week of oral treatment. The aphrodisiac effect of this spice is one of its main activities, supported by numerous experimental studies. Because M. whitei delays contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscles, its aphrodisiac effect could be mediated through the modulation of the spinal generator of ejaculation. This can justify its folkloric use in the treatment of premature ejaculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Brice Defo Deeh
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Pierre Watcho
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology (URPAP), Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Box, 67 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Isa AI, Fouotsa H, Mohammed OA, Alghamdi M, Adamu B, Alfaifi J, Jibo AM, Alamri MMS, Khan S, Adam MIE, Alqarni AA, Mohamed MO, Ateba JET, Dzoyem JP. Psoralen Isolated from the Roots of Dorstenia psilurus Welw. Modulate Th1/Th2 Cytokines and Inflammatory Enzymes in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2024; 2024:8233689. [PMID: 39026629 PMCID: PMC11257762 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8233689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dorstenia psilurus is a widely used plant spice in traditional African medicine to treat pain-related conditions. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms underlying this activity and the main active ingredients of D. psilurus have not yet been fully characterized. This study aimed to isolate and identify the main active anti-inflammatory constituents of the D. psilurus extract and to investigate the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms in murine macrophages. Chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic data were used for compound isolation and structure elucidation. The Griess reagent method and the ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange assay were used to evaluate the inhibition of NO production and 15-lipoxygenase activity, respectively. Cyclooxygenase activity was assessed using the fluorometric COX activity assay kit, and Th1/Th2 cytokine measurement was performed using a flow cytometer. The results indicated that the extract and fractions of D. psilurus inhibit NO production and proliferation of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Bioguided fractionation led to the identification of psoralen, a furocoumarin, as the main bioactive anti-inflammatory compound. Psoralen inhibited NO production and 15-lipoxygenase activity and reduced pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) while increasing the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) in activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The encouraging results obtained in this study suggest that psoralen-based multiple modulation strategies could be a useful approach to address the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Imam Isa
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hugues Fouotsa
- Department of Process EngineeringNational Higher Polytechnic School of DoualaUniversity of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Osama A. Mohammed
- Department of PharmacologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushabab Alghamdi
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineUniversity of Bisha, P.O. Box 3752, Bisha, Asir 67713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bappa Adamu
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineUniversity of Bisha, P.O. Box 3752, Bisha, Asir 67713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber Alfaifi
- Department of Child Health College of MedicineUniversity of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abubakar Mohammed Jibo
- Department of Family and Community MedicineCollege of MedicineUniversity of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sameer Khan
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masoud Ishag Elkhalifa Adam
- Department of Medical Education and Department of MedicineCollege of MedicineUniversity of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Ali Alqarni
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineUniversity of Bisha, P.O. Box 3752, Bisha, Asir 67713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed O'haj Mohamed
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryCollege of MedicineUniversity of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joël Eddy Terence Ateba
- Department of Process EngineeringNational Higher Polytechnic School of DoualaUniversity of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Jean Paul Dzoyem
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Biswas MC, Mukherjee K, Ghosh S, Roy-Chowdhury M, Acharya K. Natural products of plant origin: an emerging therapeutic for dermatomycosis. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:858-872. [PMID: 38511567 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Dermatomycosis or superficial mycosis is considered one of the chronic fungal infections and a global challenge for the public health system. The severity of dermatomycosis is proportionately increasing with the emerging population of immunocompromised individuals, and it is becoming more prevalent, even life-threatening, in several tropical countries. In this context, improper long-term treatment with synthetic antifungal drugs and their related side effects imposes additional challenges in treating dermatomycosis. Thus, the present scenario highlights the need for a novel and accurate treatment with minimal or no side effects. The multifaceted therapeutic properties of various natural products have garnered the interest of scientific communities in recent years. Generally, plant-based products have low toxicity levels and offer diverse formulations and unique biomolecules for clinical applicability against dermatomycosis. Thus, this study presents an overview of the pathogenesis and different treatment strategies for dermatomycosis. In addition, we highlight the implementation of natural products of plant origin for treating dermatomycosis infections and reducing adverse events. Further, their mode of action and role in the development of pharmaceutical drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangal C Biswas
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Khushi Mukherjee
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sandipta Ghosh
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Moytri Roy-Chowdhury
- California Department of Public Heath, Microbial Diseases Laboratory, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Tsopmene UJ, Tokam Kuaté CR, Kayoka-Kabongo PN, Bisso BN, Metopa A, Mofor CT, Dzoyem JP. Antibiofilm Activity of Curcumin and Piperine and Their Synergistic Effects with Antifungals against Candida albicans Clinical Isolates. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:2025557. [PMID: 38449801 PMCID: PMC10917476 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2025557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Candidiasis is the common name for diseases caused by yeast of the genus Candida. Candida albicans is one of the most implicated species in superficial and invasive candidiasis. Antifungals, polyenes, and azoles have been used to treat candidiasis. However, due to the development of antifungal resistance, research of natural substances with potential antifungal effects at low concentrations or combined is also a possibility. Methods The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the antifungal activity. The biofilm formation was assessed using the microtiter plate method. The antibiofilm activities were assessed using micro plaque tetrazolium salt assay (MTT). The combination effect of antifungal with natural substances was made using the checkerboard method. Results Among our isolates, clotrimazole was the most resistant, but amphotericin B was the most effective antifungal. The biofilm was formed by all isolates of C. albicans. Curcumin and piperine displayed antibiofilm activity with minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and minimum eradicating concentration (MBEC) ranging from 64 to 1024 μg/mL and 256 to 2048 μg/mL. In combination, piperine presented double synergistic effects compared to curcumin with all antifungals tested. Curcumin shows more synergistic effect when combined with polyenes than with azoles. However, piperine shows a more synergistic effect when combined with azoles compared to polyenes. Conclusion C. albicans was susceptible to curcumin and piperine both on planktonic cells and biofilm. The combination of curcumin and piperine with antifungals has shown synergistic effects against multiresistant clinical isolates of Candida albicans representing an alternative drug research for the treatment of clinical candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Joël Tsopmene
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Prudence Ngalula Kayoka-Kabongo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Borel Ndezo Bisso
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Anisel Metopa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Clautilde Teugwa Mofor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Paul Dzoyem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Xiaoying M, Zhiming H, Tao Y, Jun X, Ying Z, Na G, Xun C, Guoli L, Hong W. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory effects of Morchella esculenta in the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15881. [PMID: 37741847 PMCID: PMC10517965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Morchella esculenta is an edible fungus with a uniquely delicious flavor and remarkable benefits for health. Herein, the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of Morchella esculenta was elucidated using molecular docking and network pharmacology. NPASS, Super-pred, SEA, Swiss Target Prediction, GeneCards, DisGeNET, Omim database, and STRING platform were used to select anti-inflammatory targets and construct target protein interaction networks using the active ingredients of Morchella esculenta. The OmicShare cloud platform was used to analyze GO functions and KEGG pathways related to the target, and the AutoDock Vina software was used to perform molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on the main target. Based on Cytoscape's "Network Analysis", the degree was used to identify potential key targets, and different inflammatory transcriptome data sets were used to evaluate core targets showing clinical significance. The active ingredient of Morchella esculenta identified from the NPASS database was EOYA, which had 43 anti-inflammatory targets, including NR1I2, PTGS1, PTGS2, CYP4F2, CYP3A4, TLR4, MAPK1, PLA2G4A, and PTPN11, and was mainly implicated in arachidonic acid metabolism, vascular endothelial growth factor signal pathway, and sphingomyelin signal transduction pathway, indicating that the anti-inflammatory effects of EOYA were mainly related to these biological processes. The degree was used to select 9 potential effective targets, namely NR1I2, PTGS1, PTGS2, CYP4F2, CYP3A4, TLR4, MAPK1, PLA2G4A, and PTPN11, among which NR1I2, PTGS1, PTGS2, PLA2G4A, MAPK1, CYP3A4, and TLR4 showed clinical significance. Molecular docking results showed that (E)-Octadec-11-En-9-Ynoic Acid (EOYA) could spontaneously bind to the 9 core targets, and the binding fractions of NR1I2, PTGS1, PTGS2, CYP4F2, and CYP3A4 were the highest. The MD simulation results showed that EYOA did indeed bind well NR1I2 to PTGS2, and the complex has high stability. Morchella esculenta can regulate the activity of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase, and affect the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thereby impacting the metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Xiaoying
- The Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Huo Zhiming
- Information Center, Guidaojiaotong Polytechnic Institute, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Yang Tao
- The Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Xiao Jun
- The Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Zhao Ying
- The Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Gong Na
- The Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Chen Xun
- The Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Liu Guoli
- The Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Wang Hong
- The Institute of Edible Fungi, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, China.
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Antibiofilm Activity and Synergistic Effects of Thymol-Loaded Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles with Amikacin against Four Salmonella enterica Serovars. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2023; 2023:7274309. [PMID: 36698730 PMCID: PMC9870694 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7274309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Salmonella species are frequently linked to biofilm-associated infections. Biofilm formation intensively reduces the efficacy of antibiotics and the host immune system. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed. Thymol, the main monoterpene phenol found in Thymus vulgaris, has been shown to possess potent antibiofilm activity. Our previous findings showed that thymol enhanced the antibiofilm activity of aminoglycosides against Salmonella enterica serovars. However, the clinical potential of thymol has not yet been realized due to its low aqueous solubility and high volatility. Nano-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a novel strategy to resolve these problems. This study aimed to investigate the antibiofilm activity of thymol-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (TH-NPs) and their synergism when used in combination with amikacin antibiotics. Methods The antibacterial activity of TH-NPs was evaluated using the broth microdilution method. Biofilm formation and antibiofilm assays were performed by the miniaturized microtiter plate method. Interaction studies between TH-NPs and amikacin against biofilm were determined using the checkerboard method. Results TH-NPs exhibited antibacterial activity against planktonic cells of S. enterica serovars that were more efficient (8 to 32 times) than free thymol alone. S. Typhimurium and S. Choleraesuis isolates were considered strong biofilm producers. The combination of TH-NPs with amikacin showed synergistic activity in the inhibition and eradication of S. enterica serovar biofilm. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of amikacin were reduced by 32 to 128-fold when used in combination with TH-NPs. Time-kill kinetic studies showed that the combination of TH-NPs with amikacin possesses bactericidal action. Conclusion This study suggests that the combination of TH-NPs with amikacin can be an alternative to overcome biofilm-associatedSalmonella diseases and therefore should be further explored as a model to search for new antibiofilm drugs.
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Amphotericin B-PEG Conjugates of ZnO Nanoparticles: Enhancement Antifungal Activity with Minimal Toxicity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081646. [PMID: 36015271 PMCID: PMC9415822 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AMB) is commonly used to treat life-threatening systemic fungal infections. AMB formulations that are more efficient and less nephrotoxic are currently unmet needs. In the current study, new ZnO-PEGylated AMB (ZnO-AMB-PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and their antifungal effects on the Candida spp. were investigated. The size and zeta potential values of AMB-PEG and ZnO-AMB-PEG NPs were 216.2 ± 26.9 to 662.3 ± 24.7 nm and −11.8 ± 2.02 to −14.2 ± 0.94 mV, respectively. The FTIR, XRD, and EDX spectra indicated that the PEG-enclosed AMB was capped by ZnO, and SEM images revealed the ZnO distribution on the surface NPs. In comparison to ZnO-AMB NPs and free AMB against C.albicans and C.neoformans, ZnO-AMB-PEG NPs significantly reduced the MIC and MFC. After a week of single and multiple dosage, the toxicity was investigated utilizing in vitro blood hemolysis, in vivo nephrotoxicity, and hepatic functions. ZnO-AMB-PEG significantly lowered WBC count and hematocrit concentrations when compared to AMB and ZnO-AMB. RBC count and hemoglobulin content, on the other hand, were unaltered. ZnO-AMB-PEG considerably lowered creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels when compared to AMB and ZnO-AMB. The difference in liver function indicators was determined to be minor by all formulae. These findings imply that ZnO-AMB-PEG could be utilized in the clinic with little nephrotoxicity, although more research is needed to determine the formulation’s in vivo efficacy.
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Tsakem B, Tchuenguem RT, Siwe-Noundou X, Kemvoufo BP, Dzoyem JP, Teponno RB, Krause RWM, Tapondjou LA. New bioactive flavonoid glycosides with antioxidant activity from the stem bark of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:1641-1650. [PMID: 35921518 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2106566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A previously unreported gallocatechin glycoside, (2 R,3S) 4'-O-methyl-gallocatechin-3-O-α-ʟ-rhamnopyranoside (1) and an unseparable mixture of two previously undescribed dihydromyricetin glycosides, (2 R,3R) 4'-O-methyl-dihydromyricetin-3-O-α-ʟ-rhamnopyranoside (2a) and (2 R,3S) 4'-O-methyl-dihydromyricetin-3-O-α-ʟ-rhamnopyranoside (2 b) along with three known compounds were isolated from the n-butanol soluble fraction of the stem bark of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY, HR-ESI-MS and chemical methods. The crude ethanol extract, the fractions, and some of the isolated compounds were screened for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. They showed significant antioxidant activities with EC50 ranging from 6.29 to 18.19 µg/mL in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and EC50 ranging from 85.77 to 86.39 mmol FeSO4/g in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods compared with 2.29 µg/mL and 3.52 mmol FeSO4/g for the positive control (ʟ-ascorbic acid). Nevertheless, no inhibition was observed against the tested bacterial strains at a MIC less than 256 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bienvenu Tsakem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Xavier Siwe-Noundou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Jean Paul Dzoyem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Rémy Bertrand Teponno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Antibiofilm Synergistic Activity of Streptomycin in Combination with Thymol-Loaded Poly (Lactic-co-glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles against Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1936165. [PMID: 35911151 PMCID: PMC9334066 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1936165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Thymol is an important component of essential oils found in the oil of thyme, is extracted mainly from Thymus vulgaris, and was shown to act synergistically with streptomycin against Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms. Additionally, thymol could be encapsulated into poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles to overcome issues related to its low water solubility and high volatility. The present study aimed to investigate the antibiofilm activity of thymol-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (Thy-NPs) alone and in combination with streptomycin against biofilms of K. pneumoniae isolates. Methods. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The antibiofilm activities were determined by the safranin dye assay. The synergistic effect of Thy-NPs with streptomycin was assessed by the checkerboard method. The kinetic study of the biofilm biomass and time-kill assay were further performed. Results. Thy-NPs exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae isolates, with MIC values ranging from 1 to 8 µg/mL. Additionally, Thy-NPs showed the highest antibiofilm activity against K. pneumoniae isolates with minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values ranging from 16 to 64 µg/mL and from 32 to 128 µg/Ml, respectively. The combination treatment combining Thy-NPs with streptomycin showed a synergistic effect against the inhibition of biofilm formation and eradication of biofilms of K. pneumoniae isolates with fractional inhibitory concentration index values ranging from 0.13 to 0.28. In addition, the MBIC and MBEC values of streptomycin against K. pneumoniae isolates were dramatically reduced (up to 128-fold) in combination with Thy-NPs, suggesting that Thy-NPs would enhance the antibiofilm activity of streptomycin. The biomass and time-kill kinetics analysis confirmed the observed synergistic interactions and showed the bactericidal activity of streptomycin in combination with Thy-NPs. Conclusions. Our results indicate that the synergistic bactericidal effect between streptomycin and Thy-NPs could be a promising approach in the control of biofilm-associated infections caused by K. pneumoniae.
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Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Potentiating Activity of Extracts from Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) against Cryptococcus neoformans Clinical Isolates. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2022; 2022:6626834. [PMID: 35464619 PMCID: PMC9023220 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6626834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) has been used in African traditional medicine with numerous beneficial health effects. The extracts from loquat contain several bioactive compounds with a plethora of pharmacological properties. However, a scientific study on the activity against the aetiological agent of cryptococcosis has not yet been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antifungal potential of various extracts from Eriobotrya japonica against clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans. Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical analyses of extracts were made by following standard procedures. The broth microdilution method and the checkerboard methods were used to determine the antifungal activity and the combination of extracts with antifungals drugs. The methanol extract of seeds and the hexane extract of leaves exhibited the best significant antifungal activity with MIC values of 32 µg/mL. Furthermore, the combination of both extracts with nystatin and clotrimazole showed synergistic interactions with a 32-fold reduction in the MIC values of nystatin. Our findings indicate that Eriobotrya japonica extracts are a potential source of new antifungals that could be developed for use in the treatment of cryptococcosis. The anticryptococcal and antifungal activities potentiating activity of the studied extracts indicate their potential in the management of cryptococcosis. Further study should be considered to identify the bioactive principles against Cryptococcus neoformans.
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Synergistic Antibiofilm Effect of Thymol and Piperine in Combination with Aminoglycosides Antibiotics against Four Salmonella enterica Serovars. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1567017. [PMID: 34745275 PMCID: PMC8566057 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1567017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms related to human infection have high levels of pathogenicity due to their resistance to antimicrobial agents. The discovery of antibiofilm agents is necessary. One approach to overcome this problem is the use of antibiotics agents' combination. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the combination of natural products thymol and piperine with three aminoglycosides antibiotics, amikacin, kanamycin, and streptomycin against biofilm-forming Salmonella enterica. The microtiter plate assay method was used to evaluate the biofilm-producing capacity of the isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by the broth microdilution method. The inhibition of biofilm formation and biofilm eradication was determined using the microtiter broth method. The checkerboard method was used to determine the combined effects of natural products with aminoglycosides antibiotics. All the tested isolates showed various levels of biofilm formation. Overall, combinations provided 43.3% of synergy in preventing the biofilm formation and 40% of synergy in eradicating preformed biofilms, and in both cases, no antagonism was observed. The combination of thymol with kanamycin showed a synergistic effect with 16- to 32-fold decrease of the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of kanamycin. The interaction of piperine with amikacin and streptomycin also revealed a synergistic effect with 16-fold reduction of the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC). The combination of thymol with the three antibiotics showed a strong synergistic effect in both inhibiting the biofilm formation and eradicating the preformed biofilm. This study demonstrates that thymol and piperine potentiate the antibiofilm activity of amikacin, kanamycin, and streptomycin. These combinations are a promising approach therapeutic to overcome the problem of Salmonella enterica biofilm-associated infections. In addition, these combinations could help reduce the concentration of individual components, thereby minimizing the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides antibiotics.
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Bisso Ndezo B, Tokam Kuaté CR, Dzoyem JP. Synergistic Antibiofilm Efficacy of Thymol and Piperine in Combination with Three Aminoglycoside Antibiotics against Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilms. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2021; 2021:7029944. [PMID: 34790281 PMCID: PMC8592759 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7029944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymol and piperine are two naturally occurring bioactive compounds with several pharmacological activities. In this study, their antibiofilm potential either alone or in combination with three aminoglycoside antibiotics was evaluated against a biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae. METHODS Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the broth microdilution method. Biofilm formation was evaluated by the microtiter plate method. Antibiofilm activity was determined using 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay. The combination studies were performed by the checkerboard microdilution method. RESULTS The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of streptomycin was reduced by 16- to 64-fold when used in combination with thymol, while the MBIC of kanamycin was reduced by 4-fold when combined with piperine. The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values of streptomycin, amikacin, and kanamycin were, respectively, 16- to 128-fold, 4- to 128-fold, and 8- to 256-fold higher than the planktonic minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Thymol combined with streptomycin or kanamycin showed synergic effects against the preformed biofilm with 16- to 64-fold reduction in the minimum biofilm eradication concentration values of each antibiotic in combination. Piperine acted also synergically with kanamycin with an 8- to 16-fold reduction in the minimum biofilm eradication concentration values of kanamycin in combination. CONCLUSION The association of thymol with antibiotics showed a strong synergistic effect both in the inhibition of biofilm formation and the destruction of the preformed biofilm of K. pneumoniae. This study suggests that a combination of thymol with streptomycin, amikacin, or kanamycin could be a promising alternative therapy to overcome the problem of K. pneumoniae biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borel Bisso Ndezo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Christian Ramsès Tokam Kuaté
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jean Paul Dzoyem
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Nayim P, Mbaveng AT, Sanjukta M, Rikesh J, Kuete V, Sudhir K. CD24 gene inhibition and TIMP-4 gene upregulation by Imperata cylindrica's root extract prevents metastasis of CaSki cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/snail signaling pathway and blocking EMT. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114111. [PMID: 33848610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch (Gramineae) is a medicinal spice traditionally used in the treatment of hypertension and cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the anti-metastatic potential of the methanol extract of I. cylindrica roots and determined its mechanisms of action. MATERIAL AND METHODS The growth inhibition activity of I. cylindrica root extract in vitro and in vivo in human cervical cancer. The scratch assay and Boyden Chamber assay were used to determine the anti-migrative and anti-invasion actions of the plant extract. The whole-genome gene expression profiling using RNA-Seq was performed to determine the differentially expressed genes in CaSki cells after exposure to I. cylindrica to identify its targeted genes related to metastasis. Using protein analysis (western blotting) and gene expression analysis (RTqPCR), the targeted pathways of the key genes that were initially identified with RNA-Seq, were evaluated. RESULTS I. cylindrica extract showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo in mice bearing tumors. Furthermore, I. cylindrica root extract significantly inhibited cell migration and cell invasion. After the genome-wide transcriptome analysis, we found that important genes involved in cancer progression and metastasis of cervical cancer, that is, CD24 and TIMP-4 were significantly downregulated and upregulated, respectively. Moreover, I. cylindrica root extract significantly inhibited the PI3/AKT/Snail signaling pathway and blocked the EMT of CaSki cells. CONCLUSION These findings provide an anti-metastatic mechanism of action of I. cylindrica root extract toward the human cervical cancer suggesting that this plant maybe developed into selective chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nayim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; National Centre for Biological Sciences - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bangalore, India.
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Mukherjee Sanjukta
- National Centre for Biological Sciences - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bangalore, India.
| | - Jain Rikesh
- Aix-Marseille Université - CNRS UMR 7288, Institut de Biologie Du Développement de Marseille, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne UMR 7283 and Turing Center for Living Systems. Marseille, France.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Krishna Sudhir
- National Centre for Biological Sciences - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bangalore, India.
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Ahmad MH, Jatau AI, Alshargi OY, Julde SM, Mohammed M, Muhammad S, Mustapha S, Bala AA, Wada AS, Aminu M, Usman AM. Ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv (Olacaceae): a review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00264-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The plant Olax subscorpioidea Oliv (Olacaceae) is a shrub that is widely available in Africa. It has been used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases including asthma, pain, inflammation, gastrointestinal and central nervous system (CNS) disorders, cough, diabetes mellitus, cancer, infectious diseases, hepatic diseases, and many other diseases. Several phytochemical and pharmacological investigations were conducted on this plant. However, comprehensive information on this medicinally important plant is not available in the literature. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to provide comprehensive and critical information on all the reported ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and potential toxicity of Olax subscorpioidea to highlight its therapeutic potentials based on traditional usage and identify research gaps as a basis for further investigations to develop novel therapeutic compounds.
Main body
The available information about the plant was retrieved from the online bibliographic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) and published PhD dissertation using the search terms Olax subscorpioidea, traditional uses, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and safety. Phytochemical studies have shown that the plant contains several bioactive compounds such as rutin, morin, quercetin, caffeic acid, santalbic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, squalene, nonacosane, hentriacontane, and many more compounds. Also, pharmacological investigations revealed that Olax subscorpioidea has antidepressant, antiepileptic, anti-Alzheimer’s, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antiarthritic, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiulcer, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, apoptotic, antiprotease, and other CNS effects.
Conclusion
Several pharmacological studies on Olax subscorpioidea have established its ethnopharmacological uses. However, there are limited phytochemical and pharmacological studies to validate other folkloric claims of the plant. Therefore, extensive phytochemical and further pre-clinical efficacy and safety evaluations to fully establish its therapeutic potentials and elucidate its mechanisms of pharmacological actions could be necessary.
Graphical abstract
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Nyegue MA, Afagnigni AD, Ndam YN, Djova SV, Fonkoua MC, Etoa FX. Toxicity and Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Paullinia pinnata Linn (Sapindaceae) in Shigella flexneri-Induced Diarrhea in Wistar Rats. J Evid Based Integr Med 2021; 25:2515690X19900883. [PMID: 31969010 PMCID: PMC6978825 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x19900883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal products from Paullinia pinnata Linn are widely used in African
folk medicine to treat several infectious diseases. Although the extracts from this plant
has been shown to possess antimicrobial potential, their activity in infectious diarrhea
is less reported. Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 1.2 × 109
CFU/mL of Shigella flexneri to the rats. The infected rats were treated
for 5 days with the doses of 111.42, 222.84, and 445.68 mg/kg of P
pinnata. The level of biochemical parameters was assessed and histology of
organs examined by 14 days subacute toxicity. S flexneri stool load was
considerably reduced after 4 days of treatment with the dose of 445.68 mg/kg, 5 days at
the dose of 222.84 mg/kg for the extract, and 2 days with ciprofloxacin. The dose of
111.42 mg/kg appeared efficient after 5 days of treatment. The creatinine level increased
at the dose of 445.68 mg/kg in both male and female rats and decrease at the dose of
222.84 mg/mL in female rats while an increase was noted in the male rats. Liver and kidney
histology were modified at the dose of 445.68 mg/kg while no change was observed at the
doses of 111.42 and 222.84 mg/kg. P pinnata leaf extract is efficient
against infectious diarrhea at 111.42 mg/kg without side effect.
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Nwakiban APA, Fumagalli M, Piazza S, Magnavacca A, Martinelli G, Beretta G, Magni P, Tchamgoue AD, Agbor GA, Kuiaté JR, Dell’Agli M, Sangiovanni E. Dietary Cameroonian Plants Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123787. [PMID: 33321889 PMCID: PMC7763248 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In Cameroon, local plants are traditionally used as remedies for a variety of ailments. In this regard, several papers report health benefits of Cameroonian spices, which include antioxidant and anti-microbial properties, whereas gastric anti-inflammatory activities have never been previously considered. The present study investigates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of hydro-alcoholic extracts of eleven Cameroonian spices in gastric epithelial cells (AGS and GES-1 cells). The extracts showed antioxidant properties in a cell-free system and reduced H2O2-induced ROS generation in gastric epithelial cells. After preliminary screening on TNFα-induced NF-κB driven transcription, six extracts from Xylopia parviflora, Xylopia aethiopica, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Dichrostachys glomerata, Aframomum melegueta, and Aframomum citratum were selected for further studies focusing on the anti-inflammatory activity. The extracts reduced the expression of some NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory mediators strictly involved in the gastric inflammatory process, such as IL-8, IL-6, and enzymes such as PTGS2 (COX-2), without affecting PTGS1 (COX-1). In conclusion, the selected extracts decreased pro-inflammatory markers by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling in gastric cells, justifying, in part, the traditional use of these spices. Other molecular mechanisms cannot be excluded, and further studies are needed to better clarify their biological activities at the gastric level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Parfait Atchan Nwakiban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 96 Dschang, Cameroon; or (J.-R.K.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Andrea Magnavacca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Giulia Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paolo Magni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Via Milanese, 300, Sesto San Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Armelle Deutou Tchamgoue
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, 4124 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (A.D.T.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Gabriel Agbor Agbor
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, 4124 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (A.D.T.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Jules-Roger Kuiaté
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 96 Dschang, Cameroon; or (J.-R.K.)
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250-318-398
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (S.P.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (P.M.); (E.S.)
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Somaida A, Tariq I, Ambreen G, Abdelsalam AM, Ayoub AM, Wojcik M, Dzoyem JP, Bakowsky U. Potent Cytotoxicity of Four Cameroonian Plant Extracts on Different Cancer Cell Lines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110357. [PMID: 33142782 PMCID: PMC7693157 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the potential cytotoxicity of four plant extracts originated from Cameroon: Xylopia aethiopica (XA), Imperata cylindrica (IC), Echinops giganteus (EG) and Dorstenia psilurus (DP) were examined in vitro. We tested the anti-proliferative activity of the methanolic extracts of these compounds using MTT assay on seven different human cancer cell lines: HeLa, MDA-MB-231, A549, HepG2, U-87, SK-OV-3 and HL60. Induction of cell death was assessed by cell cycle analysis, apoptosis was determined by Annexin V-FITC binding and caspase 3/7 activity. As well, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cell migration were tested. The genetic toxicity, using the alkaline comet assay, was evaluated. The studied extracts inhibited the cell proliferation of all tested cancer cell lines with concentration dependent effect over time. All of these extracts mainly induced apoptosis of HeLa cells by the accumulation of hypodiploid cells in the sub-G0/G1 phase and increasing the activity of caspase 3/7, as well they showed potential MMP disturbance and expressed a marked inhibitory effect on cell migration. Assessment of probable genetic toxicity by these extracts revealed no or minimum incidence of genetic toxicity. Therefore, the studied plant extracts are exhibiting potent anticancer activity based upon marked induction of tumor-cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Somaida
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (A.S.); (I.T.); (G.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.W.)
| | - Imran Tariq
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (A.S.); (I.T.); (G.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.W.)
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Ambreen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (A.S.); (I.T.); (G.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.W.)
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (A.S.); (I.T.); (G.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 11865, Egypt
| | - Abdallah Mohamed Ayoub
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (A.S.); (I.T.); (G.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.W.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Matthias Wojcik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (A.S.); (I.T.); (G.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.W.)
| | - Jean Paul Dzoyem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang. P.O Box. 67 Dschang, Cameroon
- Correspondence: (J.P.D.); (U.B.)
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany; (A.S.); (I.T.); (G.A.); (A.M.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.D.); (U.B.)
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Nayim P, Mbaveng AT, Ntyam AM, Kuete V. A botanical from the antiproliferative Cameroonian spice, Imperata cylindrica is safe at lower doses, as demonstrated by oral acute and sub-chronic toxicity screenings. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:273. [PMID: 32912178 PMCID: PMC7488045 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cytotoxicity of the root’s methanol extract of Imperata cylindrica (ICR). was previously reported in a panel of human cancer cell lines, including multi-drug resistant phenotypes. The aim of this study was to assess the acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity of methanol root extract of Imperata cylindrica. Methods The acute toxicity was carried out according to the experimental protocol of OECD. The plant extract was administered orally to female rats at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg for 14 days and the animals were observed for any behavioral changes or mortality. For sub-chronic toxicity study, ICR was orally administered daily to male and female rats at different doses (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg per b.w.) for 30 days. During these treatment days the animals were observed for any appearance of toxicity symptoms; following the treatment period, animals were sacrificed for hematological, biochemical and histopathology analysis. Results From the results of the acute oral toxicity assay, ICR was found to be non-toxic at the dose of 5000 mg/kg b.w. During the period of sub-chronic toxicity test, observation of signs, behavior and health status of the animals showed no abnormality in the groups of animals treated with ICR as compared to the controls. Significant variation of the relative body weights of heart and kidney were observed at dose a 1000 mg/kg b.w. Significant decrease of aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine level, low density lipoprotein concentration, triglyceride and total cholesterol were observed. In males, we noticed a significant decrease of the level of granulocytes with an increase of lymphocytes and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration levels. Histological examinations performed on kidney and liver showed a normal kidney architecture and liver also presented a normal hepatic architecture with slight degeneration at a dose 1000 mg/kg b.w. Conclusion ICR is safe for acute oral administration; however, for long-term oral administration, safety measures should be taken. Thus, oral sub-chronic exposure of ICR at lower doses are recommended while higher doses around 1000 mg/kg b.w. should be discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nayim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Arsene M Ntyam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
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Piperine: A comprehensive review of methods of isolation, purification, and biological properties. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Wahab AT, Ilyas Q, Farooq S, Javaid S, Ahmed S, Rahman AU, Choudhary MI. In-vitro and in-vivo anticandidal activity of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) sprague seeds ethanolic extract and thymol-containing hexanes fraction. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4833-4838. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1731738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atia-tul- Wahab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Qibtiya Ilyas
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saba Farooq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Javaid
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Industrial Analytical Center, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Atta-ur- Rahman
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Industrial Analytical Center, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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kumar P, Ramteke P, Pandey AC, Pandey H. Evaluation of antifungal activity of blended cinnamon oil and usnic acid nanoemulsion using candidiasis and dermatophytosis models. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mgbeahuruike EE, Holm Y, Vuorela H, Amandikwa C, Fyhrquist P. An ethnobotanical survey and antifungal activity of Piper guineense used for the treatment of fungal infections in West-African traditional medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:157-166. [PMID: 30336302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOBOTANICAL RELEVANCE Piper guineense occurs commonly in West Africa where it is used for fungal infections instead of the costly and not always accessible conventional antifungals. Fungal, yeast-based diseases are common in West-Africa especially among those living with HIV/AIDS, and thus this study was performed in Imo state, South-Eastern Nigeria, where P. guineense is predominantly used for the treatment of fungal diseases, such as skin rashes, oral thrush and vaginosis. AIM OF STUDY The scarce number of previous studies on the documentation of the traditional uses of P. guineense extracts for the treatment of fungal infections in Nigeria prompted this survey. The investigation focused on how traditional healers recognize and diagnose fungal infections, how P. guineense is collected, on the various parts used for the treatments, methods of preparations, administrations and treatments. In addition, an in vitro antifungal screening of P. guineense fruit and leaf extracts of various polarities, and piperine and piperlongumine, representing the main constituents in these extracts, were performed. METHODS A house to house ethnobotanical survey was conducted using questionnaires. Twenty traditional medical practitioners (TMP) and herb sellers from ten villages were interviewed. Four human pathogenic strains of yeast and Cryptococcus neoformans, a yeast-like basidiomycete causing meningitis in immunocompromised individuals, were used for the antifungal screening. RESULTS The traditional medical practitioners (TMP) and herb sellers explained that the leaves and fruits are the most commonly used plant parts for the treatments. The oral intake of the extracts in locally produced bamboo alcohol (Kai-kai) is the most common method of administration. In accordance with these recorded traditional uses, we found that extracts of P. guineense were growth inhibitory against the fungal strains with MIC values ranging from 39 to 2500 µg/mL. The lowest MIC value of 39 µg/mL was recorded for a methanol fruit extract against Candida albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis. In addition, ethanol and hexane fruit extracts were effective against the growth of C. albicans and C. glabrata, respectively, with a MIC of 78 µg/mL. Piperlongumine and piperine were active against C. albicans with MIC values of 39 and 78 µg/mL respectively. CONCLUSION P. guineense fruit and leaf extracts, as well as their piperamide alkaloid constituents piperine and piperlongumine, have interesting antifungal properties and could have potential as new antifungal scaffolds. Our results warrant further in-depth investigations to isolate and characterize piperamide alkaloids and other compounds responsible for the antifungal activity in the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Ego Mgbeahuruike
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Yvonne Holm
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Heikki Vuorela
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Chinyere Amandikwa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M. B 1526 Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria.
| | - Pia Fyhrquist
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Finland.
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Atchan Nwakiban AP, Sokeng AJ, Dell'Agli M, Bossi L, Beretta G, Gelmini F, Deutou Tchamgoue A, Agbor Agbor G, Kuiaté JR, Daglia M, Magni P. Hydroethanolic plant extracts from Cameroon positively modulate enzymes relevant to carbohydrate/lipid digestion and cardio-metabolic diseases. Food Funct 2019; 10:6533-6542. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01664c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cameroonian plant extracts inhibit enzymes involved in digestion of sugars and fats, showing potential relevance for cardio-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arold Jorel Sokeng
- Dipartimento di Farmacia
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
- Naples
- Italy
| | - Mario Dell'Agli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milan
- Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milan
- Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milan
- Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gelmini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milan
- Italy
| | | | - Gabriel Agbor Agbor
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM)
- Yaoundé
- Cameroon
| | - Jules-Roger Kuiaté
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Dschang
- Cameroon
| | - Maria Daglia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
- Naples
- Italy
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety
| | - Paolo Magni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milan
- Italy
- IRCCS MultiMedica
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Nyemb JN, Magnibou LM, Talla E, Tchinda AT, Tchuenguem RT, Henoumont C, Laurent S, Mbafor JT. Lipids constituents from Gardenia aqualla Stapf & Hutch. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Gardenia aqualla a plant of the Rubiaceae family is being used extensively in Africa, particularly in Cameroon as an herbal medicine. Therefore it is necessary to have knowledge of the constituents of the plant of our native species. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate chemical constituents of this herbal medicine. Nine compounds, including one alkane, n-Nonacosane (1), two aliphatic alcohols n-heptatriacontanol (2) and n-Docosanol(3), one fatty ester, Heptadecyl heptacosanoate (4), two sugars, D-mannitol (5) and D-mannitol acetate (6), and a mixture of three phytosterols, β-sitosterol (7), stigmasterol (8) and fucosterol (9), have been isolated and purified from the stem barks of Gardenia aqualla Stapf & Hutch. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR and ESI-MS. The fatty acid ester, heptadecyl heptacosanoate (4) is reported here for the first time. All the isolated compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activities against four Gram negative bacteria (Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC6539, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC9721, Escherichia coli, and S. Typhi) and four yeasts (Candida albicans ATCC9002, Candida parapsilosis ATCC22019, Candida krusei and C. albicans).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Noël Nyemb
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Science , University of Yaounde I , P.O. Box 812 , Yaounde , Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , University of Ngaoundere , P.O. Box 454 , Ngaoundere , Cameroon
| | - Larissa Mekontso Magnibou
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , University of Ngaoundere , P.O. Box 454 , Ngaoundere , Cameroon
| | - Emmanuel Talla
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , University of Ngaoundere , P.O. Box 454 , Ngaoundere , Cameroon
| | - Alembert Tiabou Tchinda
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM) , Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation , P.O. Box 6163 Yaounde , Cameroon
| | - Roland Tchuente Tchuenguem
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Science , University of Dschang , P.O. Box 67 , Dschang , Cameroon
| | - Celine Henoumont
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry , Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , University of Mons NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory , B-7000 Mons , Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry , Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , University of Mons NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory , B-7000 Mons , Belgium
| | - Joseph Tanyi Mbafor
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Science , University of Yaounde I , P.O. Box 812 , Yaounde , Cameroon
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Kamte SLN, Ranjbarian F, Campagnaro GD, Nya PCB, Mbuntcha H, Woguem V, Womeni HM, Ta LA, Giordani C, Barboni L, Benelli G, Cappellacci L, Hofer A, Petrelli R, Maggi F. Trypanosoma brucei Inhibition by Essential Oils from Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Traditionally Used in Cameroon (Azadirachta indica, Aframomum melegueta, Aframomum daniellii, Clausena anisata, Dichrostachys cinerea and Echinops giganteus). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070737. [PMID: 28684709 PMCID: PMC5551175 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils are complex mixtures of volatile components produced by the plant secondary metabolism and consist mainly of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and, to a minor extent, of aromatic and aliphatic compounds. They are exploited in several fields such as perfumery, food, pharmaceutics, and cosmetics. Essential oils have long-standing uses in the treatment of infectious diseases and parasitosis in humans and animals. In this regard, their therapeutic potential against human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) has not been fully explored. In the present work, we have selected six medicinal and aromatic plants (Azadirachta indica, Aframomum melegueta, Aframomum daniellii, Clausena anisata, Dichrostachys cinerea, and Echinops giganteus) traditionally used in Cameroon to treat several disorders, including infections and parasitic diseases, and evaluated the activity of their essential oils against Trypanosma brucei TC221. Their selectivity was also determined with Balb/3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line) cells as a reference. The results showed that the essential oils from A. indica, A. daniellii, and E. giganteus were the most active ones, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 15.21, 7.65, and 10.50 µg/mL, respectively. These essential oils were characterized by different chemical compounds such as sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, monoterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. Some of their main components were assayed as well on T. brucei TC221, and their effects were linked to those of essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farahnaz Ranjbarian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Gustavo Daniel Campagnaro
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Prosper C Biapa Nya
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang POX 67, Cameroon.
| | - Hélène Mbuntcha
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang POX 67, Cameroon.
- Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang POX 67, Cameroon.
| | - Verlaine Woguem
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang POX 67, Cameroon.
- Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang POX 67, Cameroon.
| | - Hilaire Macaire Womeni
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang POX 67, Cameroon.
- Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang POX 67, Cameroon.
| | - Léon Azefack Ta
- Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang POX 67, Cameroon.
| | - Cristiano Giordani
- Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín AA 1226, Colombia.
| | - Luciano Barboni
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Anders Hofer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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26
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Pavela R, Maggi F, Mbuntcha H, Woguem V, Fogang HPD, Womeni HM, Tapondjou LA, Barboni L, Nicoletti M, Canale A, Benelli G. Traditional herbal remedies and dietary spices from Cameroon as novel sources of larvicides against filariasis mosquitoes? Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4617-4626. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gottardi D, Bukvicki D, Prasad S, Tyagi AK. Beneficial Effects of Spices in Food Preservation and Safety. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1394. [PMID: 27708620 PMCID: PMC5030248 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spices have been used since ancient times. Although they have been employed mainly as flavoring and coloring agents, their role in food safety and preservation have also been studied in vitro and in vivo. Spices have exhibited numerous health benefits in preventing and treating a wide variety of diseases such as cancer, aging, metabolic, neurological, cardiovascular, and inflammatory diseases. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the most relevant and recent findings on spices and their active compounds in terms of targets and mode of action; in particular, their potential use in food preservation and enhancement of shelf life as a natural bioingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gottardi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of BolognaCesena, Italy
| | - Danka Bukvicki
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, University of BelgradeBelgrade, Serbia
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Amit K. Tyagi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of BolognaCesena, Italy
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
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Optimization of antifungal activity of Aeollanthus heliotropioides oliv essential oil and Time Kill Kinetic Assay. J Mycol Med 2016; 26:233-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Fungal infections have been rising due to the increasing number of immunocompromised patients and intensive use of some antifungal agents. Lampranthus francisci is an ornamental succulent plant. In Zimbabwe, the fresh sap from the leaves is used to treat fungal scalp infections. The activity of L. francisci fresh and dry acetone, ethanol, hydroethanolic, and aqueous extracts against Candida albicans and Candida krusei was determined. Mouse peritoneal cavity cells and sheep red blood cells were used to investigate L. francisci’s toxicity profile. The hydroethanolic extracts were the most effective extracts against C. albicans. The fresh ethanol extract was the most effective extract against C. krusei. The dry acetone extract, dry ethanol extract, and the fresh and dry aqueous extracts promoted the growth of C. krusei. The hydroethanolic extracts caused haemolysis of sheep cells. The hydroethanolic extracts promoted the growth of the mouse peritoneal cavity red blood cells. Both aqueous extracts increased the density of the mouse cells, but only the fresh extract increased the metabolism of the mouse cells. L. francisci has some fungicidal activity and boosts the growth of immune cells, thus validating its use in ethnomedicine. L. francisci extracts are potential leads for the isolation of immune stimulatory compounds.
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In Vivo Anti-Candida Activity of Phenolic Extracts and Compounds: Future Perspectives Focusing on Effective Clinical Interventions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:247382. [PMID: 26380266 PMCID: PMC4561301 DOI: 10.1155/2015/247382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Candida species have increasingly deserved a special attention among the medical community. In spite of the presence of Candida species as a human commensal, alarming rates of local and systemic infections have been observed, varying from moderate to severe impact. Currently available antifungal drugs have progressively lost their effectiveness, pointing urgently the problem of the microorganisms with acquired-resistance. Natural matrices are secularly used for numerous purposes, being inclusive and highly effective as antimicrobials. Increasing evidence gives a particular emphasis to the contribution of phenolic extracts and related individual compounds. In vitro studies clearly confirm their prominent effects, but the confirmation through in vivo studies, including the involved mechanisms of action, is not so much deepened. Therefore, the present report aims to provide extensive knowledge about all these aspects, highlighting the most efficient phytochemical formulations, including therapeutic doses. Further studies need to be incited to deepen knowledge on this area, namely, focused on clinical trials to provide safer and more effective antimicrobials than the current ones.
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Antioxidant and antimycotic activities of two native lavandula species from portugal. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:570521. [PMID: 25922611 PMCID: PMC4397469 DOI: 10.1155/2015/570521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant and antimycotic activities of the essential oils and extracts of two native Portuguese Lavandula species, L. stoechas subsp. luisieri and L. pedunculata, were evaluated by in vitro assays. The total phenolics and flavonoids content were also determined. The antioxidant potential was assessed through DPPH radical scavenging, inhibition of lipid peroxidation (ILP), and DNA protection assays. All samples displayed a high DPPH scavenging activity, some of them showing concentration dependence. The majority of the samples were also able to inhibit lipid peroxidation. A strong correlation was observed between the results of DPPH and ILP assays and the flavonoids content of the samples. In the DNA protection assay, all the extracts were able to preserve DNA integrity. The antimycotic activity was performed against twelve fungi belonging to Basidiomycota and Ascomycota Divisions. L. stoechas subsp. luisieri exhibited the broadest activity spectra. L. pedunculata extracts were active against five fungi. Cryptococcus neoformans was the most sensitive, being inhibited by all the extracts. Our results led to the conclusion that L. stoechas subsp. luisieri and L. pedunculata can be useful as new sources of natural antioxidants and antimycotic agents, providing a possible valorization of the existing biodiversity and resources of Portuguese flora.
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