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Ounjaijean S, Somsak V, Saki M, Mitsuwan W, Romyasamit C. Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous Crude Gymnema inodorum Leaf Extract against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1399. [PMID: 39065167 PMCID: PMC11278954 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) causes nosocomial infections with high mortality and morbidity rates. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of aqueous crude Gymnema inodorum leaf extract (GIE) against the VREF ATCC 700221 strain. The antimicrobial activity of GIE against VREF was performed using disk diffusion and broth microdilution. The antibiofilm activities were evaluated using the crystal violet staining assay. The antioxidant potential was evaluated. Preliminary screening of the antimicrobial activity of 50 and 100 µg/disk of GIE against VREF revealed inhibition zones of 8.33 ± 0.58 mm and 8.67 ± 0.29 mm, respectively. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against VREF were 125 and ≥ 250 mg/mL, respectively. SEM analysis showed that treatment with GIE caused morphological changes, including incomplete cell division, damaged cell walls, and cell content leakage, suggesting a disruption of bacterial cells. GIE also inhibited and eradicated biofilms formed by VREF. The extract exhibited antioxidant activities in the DPPH and ABTS assays. While GIE shows potential as an antibacterial and antibiofilm agent, further studies are necessary to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and optimize its use for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakaewan Ounjaijean
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Voravuth Somsak
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Morteza Saki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;
| | - Watcharapong Mitsuwan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil and Bioactive Compounds, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Chonticha Romyasamit
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil and Bioactive Compounds, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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Gupta M, Mishra V, Gulati M, Kapoor B, Kaur A, Gupta R, Tambuwala MM. Natural compounds as safe therapeutic options for ulcerative colitis. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:397-434. [PMID: 35212849 PMCID: PMC8948151 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. Several conventional treatments for UC such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, tumor necrosis factor antagonist, integrin blockers, and interleukin antagonist, and salicylates are available but are associated with the various limitations and side-effects. None of the above treatments helps to achieve the ultimate goal of the therapy, i.e., maintenance of remission in the long-term. Natural remedies for the treatment of UC show comparatively less side effects as compared to conventional approaches, and affordable. The current review presents details on the role of herbal drugs in the treatment and cure of UC. Google, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus portals have been searched for potentially relevant literature to get the latest developments and updated information related to use of natural drugs in the treatment of UC. Natural products have been used over centuries to treat UC. Some of the essential herbal constituents exhibiting antiulcerogenic activity include gymnemic acid (Gymnema sylvestre), shagoal (Zingiber officinale), catechin (Camellia sinensis), curcumin (Curcuma longa), arctigenin (Arctium lappa), and boswellic acid (Boswellia serrata). Although many plant-derived products have been recommended for UC, further research to understand the exact molecular mechanism is still warranted to establish their usefulness clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Amrinder Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Reena Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Behuria H, Arumugam GS, Pal CK, Jena AK, Sahu SK. Lipid Flip-Flop-Inducing Antimicrobial Phytochemicals from Gymnema sylvestre are Bacterial Membrane Permeability Enhancers. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35667-35678. [PMID: 34984297 PMCID: PMC8717809 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An amphiphilic phytochemical fraction isolated from methanol extract of Gymnema sylvestre leaf powder contained six terpenoids, two flavonoids, and one alkaloid that induced rapid flip-flop of fluorescent phospholipid analog in the phosphatidyl choline bilayer. Lipid-flipping activity of the methanol-extracted fraction of G. sylvestre (MEFGS) was dose-dependent and time-dependent with a rate constant k = (12.09 ± 0.94) mg-1 min-1 that was saturable at (40 ± 1) % flipping of the fluorescent lipid analogue. Interactions of MEFGS phytochemicals with large unilamelar vesicles led to time-dependent change in their rounded morphology into irregular shapes, indicating their membrane-destabilizing activity. MEFGS exhibited antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli (MTCC-118), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-212), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC-1035) with IC50 values 0.5, 0.35, and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively. Phytochemicals in MEFGS increased membrane permeabilization in all three bacteria, as indicated by 23, 17, and 17% increase in the uptake of crystal violet, respectively. MEFGS enhanced membrane damage, resulting in a 3-5 fold increase in leakage of cytosolic ions, 0.5-2 fold increase in leakage of PO4 -, and 15-20% increase in loss of cellular proteins. MEFGS synergistically increased the efficacy of curcumin, amoxillin, ampicillin, and cefotaxime on S. aureus probably by enhancing their permeability into the bacterium. For the first time, our study reveals that phytochemicals from G. sylvestre enhance the permeability of the bacterial plasma membrane by facilitating flip-flop of membrane lipids. Lipid-flipping phytochemicals from G. sylvestre can be used as adjuvant therapeutics to enhance the efficacy of antibacterials by increasing their bioavailability in the target bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri
Gourav Behuria
- Department
of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra
Bhanj Deo University (Erstwhile: North Orissa University), Mayurbhanj, Baripada, Odisha 757003, India
| | | | - Chandan Kumar Pal
- Department
of Chemistry, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanj
Deo University (Erstwhile: North Orissa University), Mayurbhanj, Baripada, Odisha 757003, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Jena
- Department
of Chemistry, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanj
Deo University (Erstwhile: North Orissa University), Mayurbhanj, Baripada, Odisha 757003, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Sahu
- Department
of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra
Bhanj Deo University (Erstwhile: North Orissa University), Mayurbhanj, Baripada, Odisha 757003, India
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4
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Chambers LI, Yufit DS, Fox MA, Musa OM, Steed JW. Structure and hydration of polyvinylpyrrolidone-hydrogen peroxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:80-83. [PMID: 34874383 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06047c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the commercially important polyvinylpyrrolidone-hydrogen peroxide complex can be understood by reference to the co-crystal structure of a hydrogen peroxide complex and its mixed hydrates of a two-monomer unit model compound, bisVP·2H2O2. The mixed hydrates involve selective water substitution into one of the two independent hydrogen peroxide binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke I Chambers
- Durham University, Department of Chemistry, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Dmitry S Yufit
- Durham University, Department of Chemistry, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Mark A Fox
- Durham University, Department of Chemistry, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Osama M Musa
- Ashland LLC, 1005 Route 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA
| | - Jonathan W Steed
- Durham University, Department of Chemistry, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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Dev S, Acharyya RN, Akter S, Al Bari MA, Asma K, Hossain H, Sarkar KK, Biswas NN, Das AK. Toxicological screening and evaluation of anti-allergic and anti-hyperglycemic potential of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. fruits. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. (S. caseolaris) belonging to the Sonneratiaceae family is commonly known as Ora. It is traditionally used as an astringent, antiseptic, to treat sprains, swellings, cough and in arresting hemorrhage. The ethanolic extract of S. caseolaris (L.) Engl. fruits was investigated in the present study for its toxicity as well as anti-allergic and anti-hyperglycemic potentials.
Methods
Major phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC. Behavioral change, body weight, mortality and different blood parameters were measured to assess the toxicological effect of the extract. Anti-allergic activity was evaluated using TDI-induced allergic model mice. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and STZ-induced diabetic mice were used to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic activity.
Results
Crude extract contained ellagic acid, vanillic acid and myrecitin (27.41, 3.06 and 7.93 mg per 100 g dry extract respectively). No major toxicity was observed in both acute and sub-acute toxicity study. Oral administration of the extract significantly ameliorated TDI-induced allergic symptoms like sneezing, scratching, swelling, redness and watery rhinorrhoea in the experimental mice. The extracts also reduced the total and differential count of leukocytes in the blood. The extract treated mice showed significant reduction in blood glucose, SGOT, SGPT, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine and bilirubin level.
Conclusions
S. caseolaris contains bioactive phytoconstituents which may be the possible precursors to isolate and characterize the novel compounds targeting the diseases like allergy and diabetes.
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Green mediated synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Gymnema sylvestre for catalytic reduction of Cr (VI). SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Vellingiri B, Jayaramayya K, Iyer M, Narayanasamy A, Govindasamy V, Giridharan B, Ganesan S, Venugopal A, Venkatesan D, Ganesan H, Rajagopalan K, Rahman PKSM, Cho SG, Kumar NS, Subramaniam MD. COVID-19: A promising cure for the global panic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 725:138277. [PMID: 32278175 PMCID: PMC7128376 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The outbreak of COVID-19 is wreaking havoc worldwide due to inadequate risk assessment regarding the urgency of the situation. The COVID-19 pandemic has entered a dangerous new phase. When compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has spread more rapidly, due to increased globalization and adaptation of the virus in every environment. Slowing the spread of the COVID-19 cases will significantly reduce the strain on the healthcare system of the country by limiting the number of people who are severely sick by COVID-19 and need hospital care. Hence, the recent outburst of COVID-19 highlights an urgent need for therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2. Here, we have discussed the structure of virus; varying symptoms among COVID-19, SARS, MERS and common flu; the probable mechanism behind the infection and its immune response. Further, the current treatment options, drugs available, ongoing trials and recent diagnostics for COVID-19 have been discussed. We suggest traditional Indian medicinal plants as possible novel therapeutic approaches, exclusively targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kaavya Jayaramayya
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Bupesh Giridharan
- Virology Laboratory, Central Research and Development Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), Bharath University, (BIHER), Chromepet, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Forest Science, Central University of Nagaland, Lumami, Zunhebeto, India
| | | | - Anila Venugopal
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhivya Venkatesan
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harsha Ganesan
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamarajan Rajagopalan
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pattanathu K S M Rahman
- Deploy Lead - Centre for Enzyme Innovation, Office No: 6.06, King Henry Building School of Biological Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl 796 004, Mizoram, India
| | - Mohana Devi Subramaniam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai 600 006, India
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Khan J, Sheoran S, Khan W, Panda BP. Metabolic differentiation and quantification of gymnemic acid in Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm. leaf extract and its fermented products. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:488-500. [PMID: 31945805 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gymnemagenin is the bioactive metabolite found in Gymnema sylvestre leaves and possesses different therapeutic potential. Due to its lower abundance and higher market potential, gymnemagenin was obtained from chemical conversion and bacterial biotransformation. OBJECTIVE To obtain the probiotic-based fermentative conversion of gymnemic acid-enriched G. sylvestre leaf extract to gymnemagenin-containing nutraceuticals and its metabolites based chromatographic comparison. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gymnema sylvestre leaves were extracted through soxhalation, and the extract was prepared and characterised. Gymnemic acid was fermented, separately, by Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and by their mix co-culture. The fermented materials were analysed for their gymnemagenin content, antioxidant potential, antidiabetic potential, and metabolomics analysis. RESULTS Extraction yielded about 35% w/w of raw plant material, and 8.5% was found to be as total saponin content. Extract at higher concentration (≥ 5%, w/v) significantly altered the growth behaviour of probiotics. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) based quantification of gymnemagenin revealed that a maximum increase of 95.5% gymnemagenin was found in extract incubated with B. bifidum followed by mix co-culture containing (B. bifidum, L. casei, and L. rhamnosus), L. casei, and L. rhamnosus. However, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 56 metabolites. CONCLUSION Chromatographically profiled, and probiotic-based fermented G. sylvestre leaves can be used as a potent nutraceutical for diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaluddin Khan
- Microbial and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunita Sheoran
- Microbial and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Washim Khan
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Panda
- Microbial and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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The Use of Pistacia Lentiscus Chia Resin Versus Omeprazole in Protecting Male Rats Peptic Mucosa Against Cold Restraint Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:100-110. [PMID: 32426516 PMCID: PMC7216028 DOI: 10.2478/jccm-2020-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Peptic mucosal damage induced by acute stress is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. The study aimed to investigate the protective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of pretreatment with Chios mastic gum (CMG), a traditionally consumed herbal resin naturally deriving from the trunk of Pistacia Lentiscus var. Chia compared to Omeprazole, a standard medication used in the prevention and treatment of gastritis, against the effects of cold restraint stress (CRS) in rat gastric and colonic mucosa. Methods Twenty-one male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups: Control (C), Omeprazole (O), and CMG (M), according to the pre-treatment regime, and were subjected to CRS at 40C for 3 hours. The gastric and colonic mucosal lesions were histologically assessed. ELISA measured blood concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TEAC). Results In both groups, O and M, gastric mucosal hyperemia, haemorrhagic infiltration and mucosal oedema, as well as colonic mucosal hyperaemia and haemorrhagic infiltration were significantly reduced compared to the controls (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed between Groups O and M. TNF-α levels were significantly lower in group M compared to Group O (p=0.013). IL-1β levels were significantly depressed in groups M and O compared to control (p≤ 0.001). The activity of both peroxidase and SOD enzymes decreased in group M compared to group O (p= 0.043 and p=0.047 respectively) and the control (p=0.018 and p< 0.001 respectively). Conclusions The natural Chios mastic gum is a promising nutritional supplement with protective properties to the peptic mucosa against CRS, exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Amparo TR, Seibert JB, Vieira PMDA, Teixeira LFM, Santos ODHD, de Souza GHB. Herbal medicines to the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections: advantages of the multi-targets action. Phytother Res 2019; 34:94-103. [PMID: 31713305 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The research for new treatments of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) is important due to their high prevalence and number of hospitalizations. The purpose of this review is to address the pathophysiology of SSTIs to highlight the advantages of herbal medicines to their treatment, showing examples of species and compounds with multi-targets action. SSTIs have a complex physiopathology involving the microorganism, as well as inflammation and difficult healing. Therefore, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and healing activities are an approach possible for their treatment. Herbal medicines have a wide diversity of biological compounds, mainly phenolic compounds that may act on different targets and also have synergism between them. Therefore, a single medicine may have the four key activities that allied allow eliminating the infection, control the inflammation process and accelerating the healing process, preventing complications with chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Roquete Amparo
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, CIPHARMA, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janaína Brandão Seibert
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Medeiros Teixeira
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, CIPHARMA, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Orlando David Henrique Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, CIPHARMA, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Bianco de Souza
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, CIPHARMA, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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11
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Khan F, Sarker MMR, Ming LC, Mohamed IN, Zhao C, Sheikh BY, Tsong HF, Rashid MA. Comprehensive Review on Phytochemicals, Pharmacological and Clinical Potentials of Gymnema sylvestre. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1223. [PMID: 31736747 PMCID: PMC6830388 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gymnema sylvestre is a plant included in Apocynaceae family and is located in many regions of Asia, Africa and Australia. This plant is widely used as a traditional therapy for different purposes. Even now it is being used as a dietary supplement due to its numerous therapeutic uses. It is known to have blood glucose lowering potential and, thus, is widely used in traditional and Ayurvedic systems of medicine. It renders glucose lowering activity due to the presence of phytochemicals, such as gurmarin, gymnemic acid as well as gymnemasaponins. Gymnema sylvestre is also known to have anti-oxidant, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, gastro and hepatoprotective, anticancer and lipid-lowering activities. This review discusses in details on different pharmacological and clinical potentials of Gymnema sylvestre and its chemical constituents associated with its therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Division, Health Med Science Research Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Moklesur Rahman Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Division, Health Med Science Research Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (The National University of Malaysia), Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bassem Y. Sheikh
- Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad A. Rashid
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ramalingam R, Dhand C, Leung CM, Ezhilarasu H, Prasannan P, Ong ST, Subramanian S, Kamruddin M, Lakshminarayanan R, Ramakrishna S, Verma NK, Arunachalam KD. Poly-ε-Caprolactone/Gelatin Hybrid Electrospun Composite Nanofibrous Mats Containing Ultrasound Assisted Herbal Extract: Antimicrobial and Cell Proliferation Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E462. [PMID: 30897714 PMCID: PMC6474082 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun fibers have emerged as promising materials in the field of biomedicine, due to their superior physical and cell supportive properties. In particular, electrospun mats are being developed for advanced wound dressing applications. Such applications require the firers to possess excellent antimicrobial properties in order to inhibit potential microbial colonization from resident and non-resident bacteria. In this study, we have developed Poly-ε-Caprolactone /gelatin hybrid composite mats loaded with natural herbal extract (Gymnema sylvestre) to prevent bacterial colonization. As-spun scaffolds exhibited good wettability and desirable mechanical properties retaining their fibrous structure after immersing them in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.2) for up to 30 days. The initial burst release of Gymnema sylvestre prevented the colonization of bacteria as confirmed by the radial disc diffusion assay. Furthermore, the electrospun mats promoted cellular attachment, spreading and proliferation of human primary dermal fibroblasts and cultured keratinocytes, which are crucial parenchymal cell-types involved in the skin recovery process. Overall these results demonstrated the utility of Gymnema sylvestre impregnated electrospun PCL/Gelatin nanofibrous mats as an effective antimicrobial wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Ramalingam
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Kancheepuram, Tamilnadu 603203, India.
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Kancheepuram, Tamilnadu 603203, India.
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 2 Engineering Drive 3, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - Chetna Dhand
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Chak Ming Leung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore.
| | - Hariharan Ezhilarasu
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 2 Engineering Drive 3, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - Praseetha Prasannan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Seow Theng Ong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
| | - Sundarapandian Subramanian
- Department of Anatomy, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur Campus, Kancheepuram, Tamilnadu 603203, India.
| | - Mohammed Kamruddin
- Materials Physics Division, Material Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu 603102, India.
| | - Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 2 Engineering Drive 3, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - Navin Kumar Verma
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Experimental Medicine Building, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
| | - Kantha Deivi Arunachalam
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Kancheepuram, Tamilnadu 603203, India.
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Sardar PK, Dev S, Al Bari MA, Paul S, Yeasmin MS, Das AK, Biswas NN. Antiallergic, anthelmintic and cytotoxic potentials of dried aerial parts of Acanthus ilicifolius L. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-018-0094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Vellai RD, Chandiran S, Pillai SS. GTF-231, a Mixture of Gymnemic Acid, Trigonelline and Ferulic Acid Significantly Ameliorates Oxidative Stress in Experimental Type 2 Diabetes in Rats. Can J Diabetes 2017; 42:237-244. [PMID: 28728928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES According to a report by the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, nearly 60% of patients with diabetes have more than one complication caused by chronic diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial metabolic disorder that accounts for more than 95% of people with diabetes and usually requires multitargeted therapeutic interventions. It arises due to insufficient insulin secretion or its action or both. Recently, we reported that the oral administration of gymnemic acid, trigonelline and ferulic acid in the ratio of 2:3:1 (GTF-231), a mixture of 3 phytoingredients at a concentration of 300 mg/kg body weight significantly improved the glucose homeostasis in rats with low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes that were fed with high-fat diet. METHODS In the present study, an effort was made to evaluate the antioxidant potential of GTF-231 in rats with type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes was induced in experimental rats by administration of low-dose streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight) and high-fat diet. The biochemical parameters analyzed included levels of fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, plasma insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, homeostatic model assessment beta-cell function, advanced glycation end products, advanced oxidation protein products, hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde and enzymatic as well as nonenzymatic antioxidants and proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin-6, nuclear factor-κB and nitric oxide. Histologic observations were made on the pancreatic tissues. RESULTS The data obtained showed the significant antioxidant properties of GTF-231, which were further evidenced by the histologic observations made on the pancreatic tissue. CONCLUSIONS The observed antioxidant potential of GTF-231 may account for its significant antidiabetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshana Devi Vellai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Sharmila Chandiran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
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Duraiswamy A, Shanmugasundaram D, Sasikumar CS, Cherian SM, Cherian KM. Development of an antidiabetic formulation (ADJ6) and its inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. J Tradit Complement Med 2016; 6:204-8. [PMID: 27419082 PMCID: PMC4936654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There has recently been much advancement in the diagnosis, treatment, and research of metabolic disorders, especially diabetes. Current research around the world is focused on finding an alternative source of treatment from natural resources for diabetic management, apart from the available synthetic medicines. The present study is a preliminary study of a polyherbal formulation using edible natural resources and an assessment of its antidiabetic activity. The formulation was screened for its phytochemical constituents, total phenols, flavonoids, and vitamin C content. It was also analyzed for its inhibitory effect against the digestive enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, compared with the standard drug acarbose. The formulation showed the presence of major constituents such as steroids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, and saponins. It also had a high level of phenols (340 ± 2.5 mg/g), flavonoids (235.4 ± 8.3 mg/g), and vitamin C (470.8 ± 16.6 mg/g), and showed a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.41 ± 0.03 mg/mL and 0.51 ± 0.01 mg/mL for amylase and glucosidase, respectively. The results showed that ADJ6 had a significant inhibitory activity on α-amylase and α-glucosidase; however, its inhibitory activity was less than that of acarbose. The plants that are formulated in ADJ6 possess potent antidiabetic activity. Thus, we found that ADJ6 is a potent lead for effective diabetic management; however, an evaluation of the formulation must be illustrated using an in vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Duraiswamy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Frontier Mediville (A Unit of Frontier Lifeline and Dr. K. M. Cherian Heart Foundation), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devanand Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Frontier Mediville (A Unit of Frontier Lifeline and Dr. K. M. Cherian Heart Foundation), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Changam Sheela Sasikumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Frontier Mediville (A Unit of Frontier Lifeline and Dr. K. M. Cherian Heart Foundation), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjay M. Cherian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Das SK, Sengupta P, Mustapha MS, Sarker MMR. An Experimental Evaluation of Adaptogenic Potential of Standardized Epipremnum Aureum Leaf Extract. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2016; 9:88-93. [PMID: 28717330 PMCID: PMC5508421 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.183227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Stress is a normal part of everyday life but chronic stress can lead to a variety of stress-related illnesses including hypertension, anxiety, and depression. In the present investigation, standardized leaf extract of Epipremnumaureum was evaluated for its anti-stress potential. Materials and Methods: For the evaluation of anti-stress activity, groups of mice (n = 6) were subjected to forced swim stress and anoxic stress tolerance test in mice 1h after daily treatment of E.aureumextract. Diazepam (5 mg/kg) was taken as a reference standard. Urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and ascorbic acid were selected as noninvasive biomarkers to assess the anti-stress activity and plasma cortisol, blood ascorbic acid, and weight of adrenal were measured. The 24 h urinary excretion of VMA and ascorbic acid were determined by spectrophotometric methods in all groups under normal and stressed conditions. The hematological parameters (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils) were also determined. Results: Administration of E.aureumat doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg wasfound to be effective in inhibiting the stress induced urinary biochemical changes in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with E. aureum extract prevents the rise in blood ascorbic acid and plasma cortisol. Moreover, the extract prevented the increase in weight of adrenal gland also significantly increased the anoxia stress tolerance time. Dose-dependent significant reduction in white blood cell count was observed in anoxic stress tolerance test as compared to stressed group. Conclusion: Hence, the present study provides scientific support for the positiveadaptogenic effect of E. aureum extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreemoy Kanti Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 25200, Kuantan, Phahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahimi Mustapha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md Moklesur Rahman Sarker
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Arunachalam KD, Arun LB, Annamalai SK, Arunachalam AM. Potential anticancer properties of bioactive compounds of Gymnema sylvestre and its biofunctionalized silver nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 10:31-41. [PMID: 25565802 PMCID: PMC4274148 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s71182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gymnema sylvestre is an ethno-pharmacologically important medicinal plant used in many polyherbal formulations for its potential health benefits. Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were biofunctionalized using aqueous leaf extracts of G. sylvestre. The anticancer properties of the bioactive compounds and the biofunctionalized SNPs were compared using the HT29 human adenoma colon cancer cell line. METHODS The preliminary phytochemical screening for bioactive compounds from aqueous extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, steroids, and saponins. Biofunctionalized SNPs were synthesized using silver nitrate and characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction for size and shape. The characterized biofunctionalized G. sylvestre were tested for its in vitro anticancer activity against HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. RESULTS The biofunctionlized G. sylvestre SNPs showed the surface plasmon resonance band at 430 nm. The scanning electron microscopy images showed the presence of spherical nanoparticles of various sizes, which were further determined using the Scherrer equation. In vitro cytotoxic activity of the biofunctionalized green-synthesized SNPs (GSNPs) indicated that the sensitivity of HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells for cytotoxic drugs is higher than that of Vero cell line for the same cytotoxic agents and also higher than the bioactive compound of the aqueous extract. CONCLUSION Our results show that the anticancer properties of the bioactive compounds of G. sylvestre can be enhanced through biofunctionalizing the SNPs using the bioactive compounds present in the plant extract without compromising their medicinal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilly Baptista Arun
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, SRM University, Potheri, Tamil Nadu, India
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