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Hou S, Shi H, Zhang H, Wu Z, Hu D. Synthesis, Antifungal Evaluation, 3D-QSAR, and Preliminarily Mechanism Study of Novel Chiral Mandelic Acid Derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7631-7641. [PMID: 37179490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of spatial configuration on the biological activity of the compounds, a series of chiral mandelic acid derivatives with a moiety of 1,3,4-oxadiazole thioether have been designed and synthesized. Bioassay results demonstrated that most title compounds with the S-configuration exhibited better in vitro antifungal activity against three plant fungi, such as H3' (EC50 = 19.3 μg/mL) against Gibberella saubinetii, which was approximately 16 times higher than that of H3 (EC50 = 317.0 μg/mL). CoMFA and CoMSIA models were established for 3D-QSAR analysis and provided an important support for further optimization of this series of compounds. Comparing the preliminary mechanism studies between enantiomers (H3 and H3') found that the S-configuration compound (H3') exhibited a stronger ability to destroy the surface structure of G. saubinetii mycelia, causing the leakage of intracellular substances to accelerate and the growth of the hyphae to be inhibited. The results provided a novel view for the further optimization of this series of active compounds and deep mechanism study of chiral pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaitao Hou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Huabin Shi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhibing Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Yi J, Wang Z, Li Z. Cascade Biotransformations for Enantioconvergent Conversion of Racemic Styrene Oxides to ( R)-Mandelic Acids. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jieran Yi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Zilong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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Liang X, Deng H, Xiong T, Bai Y, Fan TP, Zheng X, Cai Y. Overexpression and biochemical characterization of a carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase from Agrobacterium fabrum str. C58 and its application to carboxyspermidine production. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3858-3868. [PMID: 34932223 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxyspermidine (C-Spd) is a potentially valuable polyamine carboxylate compound and an excellent building block for spermidine synthesis, which is a critical polyamine with significant implications for human health and longevity. C-Spd can also be used to prepare multivalent cationic lipids and modify nucleoside probes. Because of these positive effects on human health, C-Spd is of considerable interest as a food additive and pharmaceutical target. RESULTS A putative gene afcasdh from Agrobacterium fabrum str. C58, encoding carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase with C-Spd biosynthesis activity, was synthesized and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) for overexpression. The recombinant AfCASDH was purified and fully characterized. The optimum temperature and pH for the recombinant enzyme were 30 °C and 7.5, respectively. The coupled catalytic strategy of AfCASDH and various NADPH regeneration systems were developed to enhance the efficient production of C-Spd compound. Finally, the maximum titer of C-Spd production successfully achieved 1.82 mmol L-1 with a yield of 91% by optimizing the catalytic conditions. CONCLUSION A novel AfCASDH from A. fabrum str. C58 was characterized that could catalyze the formation of C-Spd from putrescine and l-aspartate-β-semialdehyde (L-Asa). A whole-cell catalytic strategy coupled with NADPH regeneration was established successfully for C-Spd biosynthesis for the first time. The coupled system indicated that AfCASDH might provide a feasible method for the industrial production of C-Spd. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Huaxiang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tianzhen Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Yajun Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Construction of recombinant Escherichia coli for production of L-phenylalanine-derived compounds. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:84. [PMID: 33855641 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
L-phenylalanine is an important amino acid that is widely used in the fields of food flavors and pharmaceuticals. Apart from L-phenylalanine itself, various commercially valuable chemical compounds can also be generated via the L-phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway. Compared with direct extraction from plants or synthesis by chemical reaction, microbial production of L-phenylalanine -derived compounds can overcome the drawbacks of environmental pollution, low yield, and mixtures of stereoisomeric products. Accordingly, increasing intracellular levels of precursors, deregulating feedback inhibition and transcription repression, engineering global regulators and other effective strategies have been implemented to produce different L-phenylalanine -derived compounds in the excellent chassis host Escherichia coli. Finally, this review highlights principal strategies for improving the production of L-phenylalanine and/or its derivatives in E. coli, and discusses the future outlook for further enhancing the titer and yields of these compounds.
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In vivo cascade catalysis of aromatic amino acids to the respective mandelic acids using recombinant E. coli cells expressing hydroxymandelate synthase (HMS) from Amycolatopsis mediterranei. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Zhang Y, Su C, Lei J, Chen L, Hu H, Zeng S, Yu L. Studies on the L-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase 2 catalyzed metabolism of S-mandelic acid and its analogues. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 34:187-193. [PMID: 30876779 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mandelic acid (MA) is generally used as a biomarker of the exposure of styrene, which is classified as a class of hazardous environmental pollutants, and also used as an important chiral intermediate in pharmaceutical industry. The previous studies have found the excretion of phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) in human and rat, a metabolite of MA, was mainly from S-MA rather than R-MA. The metabolic mechanism, however, is not clear. In order to explore the possible metabolic mechanism, the enzyme types involved in the stereoselectivity metabolism of MA were firstly studied, and then human and rat long-chain 2-hydroxy-acid oxidase 2 (HAO2) were recombinantly expressed to study the metabolic profiles of S-MA and its analogues. The results indicated that HAO2 might catalyze the stereoselectivity metabolism of S-MA in rats. Human HAO2 (hHAO2) and rat HAO2 (rHAO2) isozymes β1 and β2 were successfully cloned and expressed with high purity and good enzyme activities. The enzyme kinetic profiles of these enzymes were different for S-MA and analogues. The order of catalytic efficiency for hHAO2 and rHAO2, however, was reverse. It might be relevance to the difference in active amino acid residues and loop 4 in human and rat L-2-hydroxy acid oxidase isozyme B crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Su
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinxiu Lei
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haihong Hu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lushan Yu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Li JF, Li XQ, Liu Y, Yuan FJ, Zhang T, Wu MC, Zhang JR. Directed modification of l - Lc LDH1, an l -lactate dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus casei , to improve its specific activity and catalytic efficiency towards phenylpyruvic acid. J Biotechnol 2018; 281:193-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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A Bacterial Multidomain NAD-Independent d-Lactate Dehydrogenase Utilizes Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide and Fe-S Clusters as Cofactors and Quinone as an Electron Acceptor for d-Lactate Oxidization. J Bacteriol 2017; 199:JB.00342-17. [PMID: 28847921 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00342-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane-associated NAD-independent d-lactate dehydrogenase (Fe-S d-iLDH) oxidizes d-lactate into pyruvate. A sequence analysis of the enzyme reveals that it contains an Fe-S oxidoreductase domain in addition to a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-containing dehydrogenase domain, which differs from other typical d-iLDHs. Fe-S d-iLDH from Pseudomonas putida KT2440 was purified as a His-tagged protein and characterized in detail. This monomeric enzyme exhibited activities with l-lactate and several d-2-hydroxyacids. Quinone was shown to be the preferred electron acceptor of the enzyme. The two domains of the enzyme were then heterologously expressed and purified separately. The Fe-S cluster-binding motifs predicted by sequence alignment were preliminarily verified by site-directed mutagenesis of the Fe-S oxidoreductase domain. The FAD-containing dehydrogenase domain retained 2-hydroxyacid-oxidizing activity, although it decreased compared to the full Fe-S d-iLDH. Compared to the intact enzyme, the FAD-containing dehydrogenase domain showed increased catalytic efficiency with cytochrome c as the electron acceptor, but it completely lost the ability to use coenzyme Q10 Additionally, the FAD-containing dehydrogenase domain was no longer associated with the cell membrane, and it could not support the utilization of d-lactate as a carbon source. Based on the results obtained, we conclude that the Fe-S oxidoreductase domain functions as an electron transfer component to facilitate the utilization of quinone as an electron acceptor by Fe-S d-iLDH, and it helps the enzyme associate with the cell membrane. These functions make the Fe-S oxidoreductase domain crucial for the in vivo d-lactate utilization function of Fe-S d-iLDH.IMPORTANCE Lactate metabolism plays versatile roles in most domains of life. Lactate utilization processes depend on certain enzymes to oxidize lactate to pyruvate. In recent years, novel bacterial lactate-oxidizing enzymes have been continually reported, including the unique NAD-independent d-lactate dehydrogenase that contains an Fe-S oxidoreductase domain besides the typical flavin-containing domain (Fe-S d-iLDH). Although Fe-S d-iLDH is widely distributed among bacterial species, the investigation of it is insufficient. Fe-S d-iLDH from Pseudomonas putida KT2440, which is the major d-lactate-oxidizing enzyme for the strain, might be a representative of this type of enzyme. A study of it will be helpful in understanding the detailed mechanisms underlying the lactate utilization processes.
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Batra B, Narwal V, Pundir CS. An amperometric lactate biosensor based on lactate dehydrogenase immobilized onto graphene oxide nanoparticles-modified pencil graphite electrode. Eng Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Batra
- Department of Biochemistry; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak Haryana India
| | - Vinay Narwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Deen Bandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal; Sonepat Haryana India
| | - Chandra S. Pundir
- Department of Biochemistry; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak Haryana India
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Lederer F, Vignaud C, North P, Bodevin S. Trifluorosubstrates as mechanistic probes for an FMN-dependent l-2-hydroxy acid-oxidizing enzyme. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:1215-1221. [PMID: 27155230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A controversy exists with respect to the mechanism of l-2-hydroxy acid oxidation by members of a family of FMN-dependent enzymes. A so-called carbanion mechanism was initially proposed, in which the active site histidine abstracts the substrate α-hydrogen as a proton, followed by electron transfer from the carbanion to the flavin. But an alternative mechanism was not incompatible with some results, a mechanism in which the active site histidine instead picks up the substrate hydroxyl proton and a hydride transfer occurs. Even though more recent experiments ruling out such a mechanism were published (Rao & Lederer (1999) Protein Science 7, 1531-1537), a few authors have subsequently interpreted their results with variant enzymes in terms of a hydride transfer. In the present work, we analyse the reactivity of trifluorolactate, a substrate analogue, with the flavocytochrome b2 (Fcb2) flavodehydrogenase domain, compared to its reactivity with an NAD-dependent lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), for which this compound is known to be an inhibitor (Pogolotti & Rupley (1973) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 55, 1214-1219). Indeed, electron attraction by the three fluorine atoms should make difficult the removal of the α-H as a hydride. We also analyse the reactivity of trifluoropyruvate with the FMN- and NAD-dependent enzymes. The results substantiate a different effect of the fluorine substituents on the two enzymes compared to their normal substrates. In the discussion we analyse the conclusions of recent papers advocating a hydride transfer mechanism for the family of l-2-hydroxy acid oxidizing FMN-dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lederer
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, UPR 9063, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Caroline Vignaud
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, UPR 9063, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Paul North
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, UPR 9063, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Sabrina Bodevin
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, UPR 9063, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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NAD-Independent L-Lactate Dehydrogenase Required for L-Lactate Utilization in Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501. J Bacteriol 2015; 197:2239-2247. [PMID: 25917905 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00017-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED NAD-independent L-lactate dehydrogenases (l-iLDHs) play important roles in L-lactate utilization of different organisms. All of the previously reported L-iLDHs were flavoproteins that catalyze the oxidation of L-lactate by the flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent mechanism. Based on comparative genomic analysis, a gene cluster with three genes (lldA, lldB, and lldC) encoding a novel type of L-iLDH was identified in Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501. When the gene cluster was expressed in Escherichia coli, distinctive L-iLDH activity was detected. The expressed L-iLDH was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE and successive matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis of the purified L-iLDH indicated that it is a complex of LldA, LldB, and LldC (encoded by lldA, lldB, and lldC, respectively). Purified L-iLDH (LldABC) is a dimer of three subunits (LldA, LldB, and LldC), and the ratio between LldA, LldB, and LldC is 1:1:1. Different from the FMN-containing L-iLDH, absorption spectra and elemental analysis suggested that LldABC might use the iron-sulfur cluster for the L-lactate oxidation. LldABC has narrow substrate specificity, and only L-lactate and DL-2-hydrobutyrate were rapidly oxidized. Mg(2+) could activate L-iLDH activity effectively (6.6-fold). Steady-state kinetics indicated a ping-pong mechanism of LldABC for the L-lactate oxidation. Based on the gene knockout results, LldABC was confirmed to be required for the L-lactate metabolism of P. stutzeri A1501. LldABC is the first purified and characterized L-iLDH with different subunits that uses the iron-sulfur cluster as the cofactor. IMPORTANCE Providing new insights into the diversity of microbial lactate utilization could assist in the production of valuable chemicals and understanding microbial pathogenesis. An NAD-independent L-lactate dehydrogenase (L-iLDH) encoded by the gene cluster lldABC is indispensable for the L-lactate metabolism in Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501. This novel type of enzyme was purified and characterized in this study. Different from the well-characterized FMN-containing L-iLDH in other microbes, LldABC in P. stutzeri A1501 is a dimer of three subunits (LldA, LldB, and LldC) and uses the iron-sulfur cluster as a cofactor.
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Jiang T, Meng J, Sheng B, Yang C, Gao C, Xu P, Ma C. A novel biocatalyst for efficient production of 2-oxo-carboxylates using glycerol as the cost-effective carbon source. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:186. [PMID: 26609321 PMCID: PMC4659176 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The surplus of glycerol has increased remarkably as a main byproduct during the biofuel's production. Exploiting an alternative route for glycerol utilization is significantly important for sustainability of biofuels. RESULTS A novel biocatalyst that could be prepared from glycerol for producing 2-oxo-carboxylates was developed. First, Pseudomonas putida KT2440 was reconstructed by deleting lldR to develop a mutant expressing the NAD-independent lactate dehydrogenases (iLDHs) constitutively. Then, the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) was heterologously expressed to further improve the biotransformation activity. The reconstructed strain, P. putida KT2440 (ΔlldR)/pBSPPcGm-vgb, exhibited high activities of iLDHs when cultured with glycerol as the carbon source. This cost-effective biocatalyst could efficiently produce pyruvate and 2-oxobutyrate from dl-lactate and dl-2-hydroxybutyrate with high molar conversion rates of 91.9 and 99.8 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The process would not only be a promising alternative for the production of 2-oxo-carboxylates, but also be an example for preparation of efficient biocatalysts for the value-added utilization of glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Meng
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Binbin Sheng
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Yang
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Xu
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
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Wang Y, Lv M, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Jiang T, Zhang W, Hu C, Gao C, Ma C, Xu P. Reconstruction of lactate utilization system in Pseudomonas putida KT2440: a novel biocatalyst for l-2-hydroxy-carboxylate production. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6939. [PMID: 25373400 PMCID: PMC4221787 DOI: 10.1038/srep06939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important method for building blocks synthesis, whole cell biocatalysis is hindered by some shortcomings such as unpredictability of reactions, utilization of opportunistic pathogen, and side reactions. Due to its biological and extensively studied genetic background, Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is viewed as a promising host for construction of efficient biocatalysts. After analysis and reconstruction of the lactate utilization system in the P. putida strain, a novel biocatalyst that only exhibited NAD-independent D-lactate dehydrogenase activity was prepared and used in L-2-hydroxy-carboxylates production. Since the side reaction catalyzed by the NAD-independent L-lactate dehydrogenase was eliminated in whole cells of recombinant P. putida KT2440, two important L-2-hydroxy-carboxylates (L-lactate and L-2-hydroxybutyrate) were produced in high yield and high optical purity by kinetic resolution of racemic 2-hydroxy carboxylic acids. The results highlight the promise in biocatalysis by the biotechnologically important organism P. putida KT2440 through genomic analysis and recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xieyue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Xu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China [2] State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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Jiang T, Gao C, Ma C, Xu P. Microbial lactate utilization: enzymes, pathogenesis, and regulation. Trends Microbiol 2014; 22:589-99. [PMID: 24950803 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactate utilization endows microbes with the ability to use lactate as a carbon source. Lactate oxidizing enzymes play key roles in the lactate utilization pathway. Various types of these enzymes have been characterized, but novel ones remain to be identified. Lactate determination techniques and biocatalysts have been developed based on these enzymes. Lactate utilization has also been found to induce pathogenicity of several microbes, and the mechanisms have been investigated. More recently, studies on the structure and organization of operons of lactate utilization have been carried out. This review focuses on the recent progress and future perspectives in understanding microbial lactate utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
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Engineering NAD+ availability for Escherichia coli whole-cell biocatalysis: a case study for dihydroxyacetone production. Microb Cell Fact 2013; 12:103. [PMID: 24209782 PMCID: PMC3831814 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-12-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Whole-cell redox biocatalysis has been intensively explored for the production of valuable compounds because excellent selectivity is routinely achieved. Although the cellular cofactor level, redox state and the corresponding enzymatic activity are expected to have major effects on the performance of the biocatalysts, our ability remains limited to predict the outcome upon variation of those factors as well as the relationship among them. Results In order to investigate the effects of cofactor availability on whole-cell redox biocatalysis, we devised recombinant Escherichia coli strains for the production of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) catalyzed by the NAD+-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase (GldA). In this model system, a water-forming NAD+ oxidase (NOX) and a NAD+ transporter (NTT4) were also co-expressed for cofactor regeneration and extracellular NAD+ uptake, respectively. We found that cellular cofactor level, NAD+/NADH ratio and NOX activity were not only strain-dependent, but also growth condition-dependent, leading to significant differences in specific DHA titer among different whole-cell biocatalysts. The host E. coli DH5α had the highest DHA specific titer of 0.81 g/gDCW with the highest NAD+/NADH ratio of 6.7 and NOX activity of 3900 U. The biocatalyst had a higher activity when induced with IPTG at 37°C for 8 h compared with those at 30°C for 8 h and 18 h. When cells were transformed with the ntt4 gene, feeding NAD+ during the cell culture stage increased cellular NAD(H) level by 1.44 fold and DHA specific titer by 1.58 fold to 2.13 g/gDCW. Supplementing NAD+ during the biotransformation stage was also beneficial to cellular NAD(H) level and DHA production, and the highest DHA productivity reached 0.76 g/gDCW/h. Cellular NAD(H) level, NAD+/NADH ratio, and NOX and GldA activity dropped over time during the biotransformation process. Conclusions High NAD+/NADH ratio driving by NOX was very important for DHA production. Once cofactor was efficiently cycled, high cellular NAD(H) level was also beneficial for whole-cell redox biocatalysis. Our results indicated that NAD+ transporter could be applied to manipulate redox cofactor level for biocatalysis. Moreover, we suggested that genetically designed redox transformation should be carefully profiled for further optimizing whole-cell biocatalysis.
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