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Calvanese M, Balestra C, Colarusso A, Lauro C, Riccardi C, Fondi M, Parrilli E, Tutino ML. Development of high-copy number plasmids in Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2469-2481. [PMID: 36912903 PMCID: PMC10033558 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 (PhTAC125) is considered an interesting alternative host for the recombinant protein production, that can be explored when the conventional bacterial expression systems fail. Indeed, the manufacture of all the difficult-to-express proteins produced so far in this bacterial platform gave back soluble and active products. Despite these promising results, the low yield of recombinant protein production achieved is hampering the wider and industrial exploitation of this psychrophilic cell factory. All the expression plasmids developed so far in PhTAC125 are based on the origin of replication of the endogenous pMtBL plasmid and are maintained at a very low copy number. In this work, we set up an experimental strategy to select mutated OriR sequences endowed with the ability to establish recombinant plasmids at higher multiplicity per cell. The solution to this major production bottleneck was achieved by the construction of a library of psychrophilic vectors, each containing a randomly mutated version of pMtBL OriR, and its screening by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The selected clones allowed the identification of mutated OriR sequences effective in enhancing the plasmid copy number of approximately two orders of magnitude, and the production of the recombinant green fluorescent protein was increased up to twenty times approximately. Moreover, the molecular characterization of the different mutant OriR sequences allowed us to suggest some preliminary clues on the pMtBL replication mechanism that deserve to be further investigated in the future. KEY POINTS: • Setup of an electroporation procedure for Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125. • Two order of magnitude improvement of OriR-derived psychrophilic expression systems. • Almost twenty times enhancement in Green fluorescent protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Calvanese
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Complesso Universitario Monte S.- Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Balestra
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Oceanography Division - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Colarusso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Complesso Universitario Monte S.- Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi I.N.B.B, Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305-00136, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Lauro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Complesso Universitario Monte S.- Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi I.N.B.B, Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305-00136, Rome, Italy
| | - Christopher Riccardi
- Department of Biology, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50018, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Fondi
- Department of Biology, Via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50018, Florence, Italy
| | - Ermenegilda Parrilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Complesso Universitario Monte S.- Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Tutino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Complesso Universitario Monte S.- Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
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Ferrer-Miralles N, Saccardo P, Corchero JL, Garcia-Fruitós E. Recombinant Protein Production and Purification of Insoluble Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2406:1-31. [PMID: 35089548 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1859-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are synthesized in heterologous systems because of the impossibility to obtain satisfactory yields from natural sources. The efficient production of soluble and functional recombinant proteins is among the main goals in the biotechnological field. In this context, it is important to point out that under stress conditions, protein folding machinery is saturated and this promotes protein misfolding and, consequently, protein aggregation. Thus, the selection of the optimal expression organism and its growth conditions to minimize the formation of insoluble protein aggregates should be done according to the protein characteristics and downstream requirements. Escherichia coli is the most popular recombinant protein expression system despite the great development achieved so far by eukaryotic expression systems. Besides, other prokaryotic expression systems, such as lactic acid bacteria and psychrophilic bacteria, are gaining interest in this field. However, it is worth mentioning that prokaryotic expression system poses, in many cases, severe restrictions for a successful heterologous protein production. Thus, eukaryotic systems such as mammalian cells, insect cells, yeast, filamentous fungus, and microalgae are an interesting alternative for the production of these difficult-to-express proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Paolo Saccardo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - José Luis Corchero
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia-Fruitós
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
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Colarusso A, Lauro C, Calvanese M, Parrilli E, Tutino ML. Improvement of Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 as a Cell Factory: IPTG-Inducible Plasmid Construction and Strain Engineering. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101466. [PMID: 32987756 PMCID: PMC7598627 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our group has used the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 (PhTAC125) as a platform for the successful recombinant production of “difficult” proteins, including eukaryotic proteins, at low temperatures. However, there is still room for improvement both in the refinement of PhTAC125 expression plasmids and in the bacterium’s intrinsic ability to accumulate and handle heterologous products. Here, we present an integrated approach of plasmid design and strain engineering finalized to increment the recombinant expression and optimize the inducer uptake in PhTAC125. To this aim, we developed the IPTG-inducible plasmid pP79 and an engineered PhTAC125 strain called KrPL LacY+. This mutant was designed to express the E. coli lactose permease and to produce only a truncated version of the endogenous Lon protease through an integration-deletion strategy. In the wild-type strain, pP79 assured a significantly better production of two reporters in comparison to the most recent expression vector employed in PhTAC125. Nevertheless, the use of KrPL LacY+ was crucial to achieving satisfying production levels using reasonable IPTG concentrations, even at 0 °C. Both the wild-type and the mutant recombinant strains are characterized by an average graded response upon IPTG induction and they will find different future applications depending on the desired levels of expression.
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Edwards A, Cameron KA, Cook JM, Debbonaire AR, Furness E, Hay MC, Rassner SM. Microbial genomics amidst the Arctic crisis. Microb Genom 2020; 6:e000375. [PMID: 32392124 PMCID: PMC7371112 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arctic is warming - fast. Microbes in the Arctic play pivotal roles in feedbacks that magnify the impacts of Arctic change. Understanding the genome evolution, diversity and dynamics of Arctic microbes can provide insights relevant for both fundamental microbiology and interdisciplinary Arctic science. Within this synthesis, we highlight four key areas where genomic insights to the microbial dimensions of Arctic change are urgently required: the changing Arctic Ocean, greenhouse gas release from the thawing permafrost, 'biological darkening' of glacial surfaces, and human activities within the Arctic. Furthermore, we identify four principal challenges that provide opportunities for timely innovation in Arctic microbial genomics. These range from insufficient genomic data to develop unifying concepts or model organisms for Arctic microbiology to challenges in gaining authentic insights to the structure and function of low-biomass microbiota and integration of data on the causes and consequences of microbial feedbacks across scales. We contend that our insights to date on the genomics of Arctic microbes are limited in these key areas, and we identify priorities and new ways of working to help ensure microbial genomics is in the vanguard of the scientific response to the Arctic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwyn Edwards
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Cymru SY23 3DD, UK
| | - Karen A. Cameron
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Cymru SY23 3DD, UK
| | - Joseph M. Cook
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Cymru SY23 3DD, UK
| | - Aliyah R. Debbonaire
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Cymru SY23 3DD, UK
| | - Eleanor Furness
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Cymru SY23 3DD, UK
| | - Melanie C. Hay
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Cymru SY23 3DD, UK
| | - Sara M.E. Rassner
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Cymru SY23 3DD, UK
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Söderberg JJ, Grgic M, Hjerde E, Haugen P. Aliivibrio wodanis as a production host: development of genetic tools for expression of cold-active enzymes. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:197. [PMID: 31711487 PMCID: PMC6844050 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heterologous production of cold-adapted proteins currently represents one of the greatest bottlenecks in the ongoing bioprospecting efforts to find new enzymes from low-temperature environments, such as, the polar oceans that represent essentially untapped resources in this respect. In mesophilic expression hosts such as Escherichia coli, cold-adapted enzymes often form inactive aggregates. Therefore it is necessary to develop new low-temperature expression systems, including identification of new host organisms and complementary genetic tools. Psychrophilic bacteria, including Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis, Shewanella and Rhodococcus erythropolis have all been explored as candidates for such applications. However to date none of these have found widespread use as efficient expression systems, or are commercially available. In the present work we explored the use of the sub-Arctic bacterium Aliivibrio wodanis as a potential host for heterologous expression of cold-active enzymes. Results We tested 12 bacterial strains, as well as available vectors, promoters and reporter systems. We used RNA-sequencing to determine the most highly expressed genes and their intrinsic promoters in A. wodanis. In addition we examined a novel 5′-fusion to stimulate protein production and solubility. Finally we tested production of a set of “difficult-to-produce” enzymes originating from various bacteria and one Archaea. Our results show that cold-adapted enzymes can be produced in soluble and active form, even in cases when protein production failed in E. coli due to the formation of inclusion bodies. Moreover, we identified a 60-bp/20-aa fragment from the 5′-end of the AW0309160_00174 gene that stimulates expression of Green Fluorescent Protein and improves production of cold-active enzymes when used as a 5′-fusion. A 25-aa peptide from the same protein enhanced secretion of a 25-aa-sfGFP fusion. Conclusions Our results indicate the use of A. wodanis and associated genetic tools for low-temperature protein production and indicate that A. wodanis represents an interesting platform for further development of a protein production system that can promote further cold-enzyme discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Johansson Söderberg
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Bioinformatics (SfB) and The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre (NorStruct), Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT -The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Miriam Grgic
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Bioinformatics (SfB) and The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre (NorStruct), Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT -The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Erik Hjerde
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Bioinformatics (SfB) and The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre (NorStruct), Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT -The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peik Haugen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Bioinformatics (SfB) and The Norwegian Structural Biology Centre (NorStruct), Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT -The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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New insights on Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 genome organization and benchmarks of genome assembly applications using next and third generation sequencing technologies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16444. [PMID: 31712730 PMCID: PMC6848147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 is among the most commonly studied bacteria adapted to cold environments. Aside from its ecological relevance, P. haloplanktis has a potential use for biotechnological applications. Due to its importance, we decided to take advantage of next generation sequencing (Illumina) and third generation sequencing (PacBio and Oxford Nanopore) technologies to resequence its genome. The availability of a reference genome, obtained using whole genome shotgun sequencing, allowed us to study and compare the results obtained by the different technologies and draw useful conclusions for future de novo genome assembly projects. We found that assembly polishing using Illumina reads is needed to achieve a consensus accuracy over 99.9% when using Oxford Nanopore sequencing, but not in PacBio sequencing. However, the dependency of consensus accuracy on coverage is lower in Oxford Nanopore than in PacBio, suggesting that a cost-effective solution might be the use of low coverage Oxford Nanopore sequencing together with Illumina reads. Despite the differences in consensus accuracy, all sequencing technologies revealed the presence of a large plasmid, pMEGA, which was undiscovered until now. Among the most interesting features of pMEGA is the presence of a putative error-prone polymerase regulated through the SOS response. Aside from the characterization of the newly discovered plasmid, we confirmed the sequence of the small plasmid pMtBL and uncovered the presence of a potential partitioning system. Crucially, this study shows that the combination of next and third generation sequencing technologies give us an unprecedented opportunity to characterize our bacterial model organisms at a very detailed level.
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Parrilli E, Tedesco P, Fondi M, Tutino ML, Lo Giudice A, de Pascale D, Fani R. The art of adapting to extreme environments: The model system Pseudoalteromonas. Phys Life Rev 2019; 36:137-161. [PMID: 31072789 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Extremophilic microbes have adapted to thrive in ecological niches characterized by harsh chemical/physical conditions such as, for example, very low/high temperature. Living organisms inhabiting these environments have developed peculiar mechanisms to cope with extreme conditions, in such a way that they mark the chemical-physical boundaries of life on Earth. Studying such mechanisms is stimulating from a basic research viewpoint and because of biotechnological applications. Pseudoalteromonas species are a group of marine gamma-proteobacteria frequently isolated from a range of extreme environments, including cold habitats and deep-sea sediments. Since deep-sea floors constitute almost 60% of the Earth's surface and cold temperatures represent the most common of the extreme conditions, the genus Pseudoalteromonas can be considered one of the most important model systems for studying microbial adaptation. Particularly, among all Pseudoalteromonas representatives, P. haloplanktis TAC125 has recently gained a central role. This bacterium was isolated from seawater sampled along the Antarctic ice-shell and is considered one of the model organisms of cold-adapted bacteria. It is capable of thriving in a wide temperature range and it has been suggested as an alternative host for the soluble overproduction of heterologous proteins, given its ability to rapidly multiply at low temperatures. In this review, we will present an overview of the recent advances in the characterization of Pseudoalteromonas strains and, more importantly, in the understanding of their evolutionary and chemical-physical strategies to face such a broad array of extreme conditions. A particular attention will be given to systems-biology approaches in the study of the above-mentioned topics, as genome-scale datasets (e.g. genomics, proteomics, phenomics) are beginning to expand for this group of organisms. In this context, a specific section dedicated to P. haloplanktis TAC125 will be presented to address the recent efforts in the elucidation of the metabolic rewiring of the organisms in its natural environment (Antarctica).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermenegilda Parrilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario M. S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Tedesco
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Marco Fondi
- Laboratory of Microbial and Molecular Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Florence, ViaMadonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Tutino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario M. S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Donatella de Pascale
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, CNR, Napoli, Italy, Stazione Zoologica "Anthon Dorn", Villa Comunale, I-80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Laboratory of Microbial and Molecular Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Florence, ViaMadonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
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Abstract
Type II secretion (T2S) is one means by which Gram-negative pathogens secrete proteins into the extracellular milieu and/or host organisms. Based upon recent genome sequencing, it is clear that T2S is largely restricted to the Proteobacteria, occurring in many, but not all, genera in the Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria classes. Prominent human and/or animal pathogens that express a T2S system(s) include Acinetobacter baumannii, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Chlamydia trachomatis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Vibrio cholerae, and Yersinia enterocolitica T2S-expressing plant pathogens include Dickeya dadantii, Erwinia amylovora, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas oryzae, and Xylella fastidiosa T2S also occurs in nonpathogenic bacteria, facilitating symbioses, among other things. The output of a T2S system can range from only one to dozens of secreted proteins, encompassing a diverse array of toxins, degradative enzymes, and other effectors, including novel proteins. Pathogenic processes mediated by T2S include the death of host cells, degradation of tissue, suppression of innate immunity, adherence to host surfaces, biofilm formation, invasion into and growth within host cells, nutrient assimilation, and alterations in host ion flux. The reach of T2S is perhaps best illustrated by those bacteria that clearly use it for both environmental survival and virulence; e.g., L. pneumophila employs T2S for infection of amoebae, growth within lung cells, dampening of cytokines, and tissue destruction. This minireview provides an update on the types of bacteria that have T2S, the kinds of proteins that are secreted via T2S, and how T2S substrates promote infection.
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Sannino F, Giuliani M, Salvatore U, Apuzzo GA, de Pascale D, Fani R, Fondi M, Marino G, Tutino ML, Parrilli E. A novel synthetic medium and expression system for subzero growth and recombinant protein production in Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:725-734. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Santiago M, Ramírez-Sarmiento CA, Zamora RA, Parra LP. Discovery, Molecular Mechanisms, and Industrial Applications of Cold-Active Enzymes. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1408. [PMID: 27667987 PMCID: PMC5016527 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-active enzymes constitute an attractive resource for biotechnological applications. Their high catalytic activity at temperatures below 25°C makes them excellent biocatalysts that eliminate the need of heating processes hampering the quality, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness of industrial production. Here we provide a review of the isolation and characterization of novel cold-active enzymes from microorganisms inhabiting different environments, including a revision of the latest techniques that have been used for accomplishing these paramount tasks. We address the progress made in the overexpression and purification of cold-adapted enzymes, the evolutionary and molecular basis of their high activity at low temperatures and the experimental and computational techniques used for their identification, along with protein engineering endeavors based on these observations to improve some of the properties of cold-adapted enzymes to better suit specific applications. We finally focus on examples of the evaluation of their potential use as biocatalysts under conditions that reproduce the challenges imposed by the use of solvents and additives in industrial processes and of the successful use of cold-adapted enzymes in biotechnological and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Santiago
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Centre for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - César A. Ramírez-Sarmiento
- Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo A. Zamora
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Loreto P. Parra
- Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocesses Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
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11
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Tools to cope with difficult-to-express proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4347-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Bjerga GEK, Lale R, Williamson AK. Engineering low-temperature expression systems for heterologous production of cold-adapted enzymes. Bioengineered 2015; 7:33-8. [PMID: 26710170 PMCID: PMC4878266 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2015.1128589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of psychrophilic enzymes in the commonly used mesophilic expression systems is hampered by low intrinsic stability of the recombinant enzymes at the optimal host growth temperatures. Unless strategies for low-temperature expression are advanced, research on psychrophilic enzymes may end up being biased toward those that can be stably produced in commonly used mesophilic host systems. Two main strategies are currently being explored for the development of low-temperature expression in bacterial hosts: (i) low-temperature adaption of existing mesophilic expression systems, and (ii) development of new psychrophilic hosts. These developments include genetic engineering of the expression cassettes to optimize the promoter/operator systems that regulate heterologous expression. In this addendum we present our efforts in the development of such low-temperature expression systems, and speculate about future advancements in the field and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gro Elin Kjæreng Bjerga
- a University of Tromsø, Norstruct, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tromsø , Norway
| | - Rahmi Lale
- b Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Department of Biotechnology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Adele Kim Williamson
- a University of Tromsø, Norstruct, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tromsø , Norway
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Unzueta U, Vázquez F, Accardi G, Mendoza R, Toledo-Rubio V, Giuliani M, Sannino F, Parrilli E, Abasolo I, Schwartz S, Tutino ML, Villaverde A, Corchero JL, Ferrer-Miralles N. Strategies for the production of difficult-to-express full-length eukaryotic proteins using microbial cell factories: production of human alpha-galactosidase A. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:5863-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Ferrer-Miralles N, Saccardo P, Corchero JL, Xu Z, García-Fruitós E. General introduction: recombinant protein production and purification of insoluble proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1258:1-24. [PMID: 25447856 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2205-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are synthesized in heterologous systems because of the impossibility to obtain satisfactory yields from natural sources. The production of soluble and functional recombinant proteins is among the main goals in the biotechnological field. In this context, it is important to point out that under stress conditions, protein folding machinery is saturated and this promotes protein misfolding and, consequently, protein aggregation. Thus, the selection of the optimal expression organism and the most appropriate growth conditions to minimize the formation of insoluble proteins should be done according to the protein characteristics and downstream requirements. Escherichia coli is the most popular recombinant protein expression system despite the great development achieved so far by eukaryotic expression systems. Besides, other prokaryotic expression systems, such as lactic acid bacteria and psychrophilic bacteria, are gaining interest in this field. However, it is worth mentioning that prokaryotic expression system poses, in many cases, severe restrictions for a successful heterologous protein production. Thus, eukaryotic systems such as mammalian cells, insect cells, yeast, filamentous fungus, and microalgae are an interesting alternative for the production of these difficult-to-express proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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An exceptionally cold-adapted alpha-amylase from a metagenomic library of a cold and alkaline environment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:717-27. [PMID: 25038927 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A cold-active α-amylase, AmyI3C6, identified by a functional metagenomics approach was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Sequence analysis showed that the AmyI3C6 amylase was similar to α-amylases from the class Clostridia and revealed classical characteristics of cold-adapted enzymes, as did comparison of the kinetic parameters K m and k cat to a mesophilic α-amylase. AmyI3C6 was shown to be heat-labile. Temperature optimum was at 10-15 °C, and more than 70 % of the relative activity was retained at 1 °C. The pH optimum of AmyI3C6 was at pH 8-9, and the enzyme displayed activity in two commercial detergents tested, suggesting that the AmyI3C6 α-amylase may be useful as a detergent enzyme in environmentally friendly, low-temperature laundry processes.
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16
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Giuliani M, Parrilli E, Sannino F, Apuzzo GA, Marino G, Tutino ML. Recombinant production of a single-chain antibody fragment in Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:4887-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Olszewski M, Nowak M, Cyranka-Czaja A, Kur J. Identification and characterization of single-stranded DNA-binding protein from the facultative psychrophilic bacteria Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis. Microbiol Res 2013; 169:139-47. [PMID: 23953921 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) plays an important role in DNA metabolism such as DNA replication, repair, and recombination, and is essential for cell survival. This study reports on the ssb-like gene cloning, gene expression and characterization of a single-stranded DNA-binding protein of Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis (PhaSSB) and is the first report of such a protein from psychrophilic microorganism. PhaSSB possesses a high sequence similarity to Escherichia coli SSB (48% identity and 57% similarity) and has the longest amino acid sequence (244 amino acid residues) of all the known bacterial SSBs with one OB-fold per monomer. An analysis of purified PhaSSB by means of chemical cross-linking experiments, sedimentation analysis and size exclusion chromatography revealed a stable tetramer in solution. Using EMSA, we characterized the stoichiometry of PhaSSB complexed with a series of ssDNA homopolymers, and the size of the binding site was determined as being approximately 35 nucleotides long. In fluorescence titrations, the occluded site size of PhaSSB on poly(dT) is 34 nucleotides per tetramer under low-salt conditions (2mM NaCl), but increases to 54-64 nucleotides at higher-salt conditions (100-300mM NaCl). This suggests that PhaSSB undergoes a transition between ssDNA binding modes, which is observed for EcoSSB. The binding properties of PhaSSB investigated using SPR technology revealed that the affinity of PhaSSB to ssDNA is typical of SSB proteins. The only difference in the binding mode of PhaSSB to ssDNA is a faster association phase, when compared to EcoSSB, though compensated by faster dissociation rate. When analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the melting temperature (Tm) was determined as 63 °C, which is only a few degrees lower than for EcoSSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Olszewski
- Department of Microbiology, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Nowak
- Department of Microbiology, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Cyranka-Czaja
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, ul. Tamka 2, 50-138 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Józef Kur
- Department of Microbiology, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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18
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Joshi S, Satyanarayana T. Biotechnology of cold-active proteases. BIOLOGY 2013; 2:755-83. [PMID: 24832807 PMCID: PMC3960895 DOI: 10.3390/biology2020755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The bulk of Earth's biosphere is cold (<5 °C) and inhabited by psychrophiles. Biocatalysts from psychrophilic organisms (psychrozymes) have attracted attention because of their application in the ongoing efforts to decrease energy consumption. Proteinases as a class represent the largest category of industrial enzymes. There has been an emphasis on employing cold-active proteases in detergents because this allows laundry operations at ambient temperatures. Proteases have been used in environmental bioremediation, food industry and molecular biology. In view of the present limited understanding and availability of cold-active proteases with diverse characteristics, it is essential to explore Earth's surface more in search of an ideal cold-active protease. The understanding of molecular and mechanistic details of these proteases will open up new avenues to tailor proteases with the desired properties. A detailed account of the developments in the production and applications of cold-active proteases is presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Joshi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Tulasi Satyanarayana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Corchero JL, Gasser B, Resina D, Smith W, Parrilli E, Vázquez F, Abasolo I, Giuliani M, Jäntti J, Ferrer P, Saloheimo M, Mattanovich D, Schwartz S, Tutino ML, Villaverde A. Unconventional microbial systems for the cost-efficient production of high-quality protein therapeutics. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 31:140-53. [PMID: 22985698 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Both conventional and innovative biomedical approaches require cost-effective protein drugs with high therapeutic potency, improved bioavailability, biocompatibility, stability and pharmacokinetics. The growing longevity of the human population, the increasing incidence and prevalence of age-related diseases and the better comprehension of genetic-linked disorders prompt to develop natural and engineered drugs addressed to fulfill emerging therapeutic demands. Conventional microbial systems have been for long time exploited to produce biotherapeutics, competing with animal cells due to easier operation and lower process costs. However, both biological platforms exhibit important drawbacks (mainly associated to intracellular retention of the product, lack of post-translational modifications and conformational stresses), that cannot be overcome through further strain optimization merely due to physiological constraints. The metabolic diversity among microorganisms offers a spectrum of unconventional hosts, that, being able to bypass some of these weaknesses, are under progressive incorporation into production pipelines. In this review we describe the main biological traits and potentials of emerging bacterial, yeast, fungal and microalgae systems, by comparing selected leading species with well established conventional organisms with a long run in protein drug production.
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20
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Lasek R, Dziewit L, Bartosik D. Plasmid pP62BP1 isolated from an Arctic Psychrobacter sp. strain carries two highly homologous type II restriction-modification systems and a putative organic sulfate metabolism operon. Extremophiles 2012; 16:363-76. [PMID: 22392282 PMCID: PMC3346939 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of plasmid pP62BP1 (34,467 bp), isolated from Arctic Psychrobacter sp. DAB_AL62B, was determined and annotated. The conserved plasmid backbone is composed of several genetic modules, including a replication system (REP) with similarities to the REP region of the iteron-containing plasmid pPS10 of Pseudomonas syringae. The additional genetic load of pP62BP1 includes two highly related type II restriction-modification systems and a set of genes (slfRCHSL) encoding enzymes engaged in the metabolism of organic sulfates, plus a putative transcriptional regulator (SlfR) of the AraC family. The pP62BP1 slf locus has a compact and unique structure. It is predicted that the enzymes SlfC, SlfH, SlfS and SlfL carry out a chain of reactions leading to the transformation of alkyl sulfates into acyl-CoA, with dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a possible starting substrate. Comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of pP62BP1 and other Psychrobacter spp. plasmids revealed their structural diversity. However, the presence of a few highly conserved DNA segments in pP62BP1, plasmid 1 of P. cryohalolentis K5 and pRWF-101 of Psychrobacter sp. PRwf-1 is indicative of recombinational shuffling of genetic information, and is evidence of lateral gene transfer in the Arctic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lasek
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Giuliani M, Parrilli E, Pezzella C, Rippa V, Duilio A, Marino G, Tutino ML. A novel strategy for the construction of genomic mutants of the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 824:219-33. [PMID: 22160901 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-433-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The sequencing and the annotation of the marine Antarctic Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 genome has paved the way to investigate on the molecular mechanisms involved in adaptation to cold conditions. The growing interest in this unique bacterium prompted the developing of several genetic tools for studying it at the molecular level. To allow a deeper understanding of the PhTAC125 physiology a genetic system for the reverse genetics in this bacterium was developed. In the present work, we describe a practical technique for allelic exchange and/or gene inactivation by in-frame deletion and the use of a counterselectable marker in P. haloplanktis. The construction of suitable non-replicating plasmid and methods used to carry out a two-step integration-segregation strategy in this bacterium are reported in detail.Furthermore two examples, in which the developed methodology was applied to find out gene function or to construct genetically engineered bacterial strains, were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giuliani
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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22
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Zhao DL, Yu ZC, Li PY, Wu ZY, Chen XL, Shi M, Yu Y, Chen B, Zhou BC, Zhang YZ. Characterization of a cryptic plasmid pSM429 and its application for heterologous expression in psychrophilic Pseudoalteromonas. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10:30. [PMID: 21542941 PMCID: PMC3112385 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudoalteromonas is an important genus widespread in marine environment, and a lot of psychrophilic Pseudoalteromonas strains thrive in deep sea and polar sea. By now, there are only a few genetic systems for Pseudoalteromonas reported and no commercial Pseudoalteromonas genetic system is available, which impedes the study of Pseudoalteromonas, especially for psychrophilic strains. The aim of this study is to develop a heterologous expression system for psychrophilic Pseudoalteromonas. RESULTS A cryptic plasmid pSM429 isolated from psychrophilic Pseudoalteromonas sp. BSi20429 from the Arctic sea ice, was sequenced and characterized. The plasmid pSM429 is 3874 bp in length, with a G+C content of 28%. Four putative open reading frames (ORFs) were identified on pSM429. Based on homology, the ORF4 was predicted to encode a replication initiation (Rep) protein. A shuttle vector (Escherichia coli, Pseudoalteromonas), pWD, was constructed by ligating pSM429 and pUC19 and inserting a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) cassette conferring chloramphenicol resistance. To determine the minimal replicon of pSM429 and to check the functionality of identified ORFs, various pWD derivatives were constructed. All derivatives except the two smallest ones were shown to allow replication in Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM20429, a plasmid-cured strain of Pseudoalteromonas sp. BSi20429, suggesting that the orf4 and its flanking intergenic regions are essential for plasmid replication. Although not essential, the sequence including some repeats between orf1 and orf2 plays important roles in segregational stability of the plasmid. With the aid of pWD-derived plasmid pWD2, the erythromycin resistance gene and the cd gene encoding the catalytic domain of a cold-adapted cellulase were successfully expressed in Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM20429. CONCLUSIONS Plasmid pSM429 was isolated and characterized, and the regions essential for plasmid replication and stability were determined, helping the development of pSM429-based shuttle vectors. The shuttle vectors pWD and its derivatives could be used as cloning vectors for Pseudoalteromonas, offering new perspectives in the genetic manipulation of Pseudoalteromonas strains. With the aid of pWD-derived vector and its host, the erythromycin resistance gene and the cd gene of a cold-adapted protein were successfully expressed, indicating that the potential use of this system for recombinant protein production, especially for cold-adapted proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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23
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Wilmes B, Hartung A, Lalk M, Liebeke M, Schweder T, Neubauer P. Fed-batch process for the psychrotolerant marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis. Microb Cell Fact 2010; 9:72. [PMID: 20858251 PMCID: PMC2954877 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-9-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis is a cold-adapted γ-proteobacterium isolated from Antarctic sea ice. It is characterized by remarkably high growth rates at low temperatures. P. haloplanktis is one of the model organisms of cold-adapted bacteria and has been suggested as an alternative host for the soluble overproduction of heterologous proteins which tend to form inclusion bodies in established expression hosts. Despite the progress in establishing P. haloplanktis as an alternative expression host the cell densities obtained with this organism, which is unable to use glucose as a carbon source, are still low. Here we present the first fed-batch cultivation strategy for this auspicious alternative expression host. Results The key for the fed-batch cultivation of P. haloplanktis was the replacement of peptone by casamino acids, which have a much higher solubility and allow a better growth control. In contrast to the peptone medium, on which P. haloplanktis showed different growth phases, on a casamino acids-containing, phosphate-buffered medium P. haloplanktis grew exponentially with a constant growth rate until the stationary phase. A fed-batch process was established by feeding of casamino acids with a constant rate resulting in a cell dry weight of about 11 g l-1 (OD540 = 28) which is a twofold increase of the highest densities which have been obtained with P. haloplanktis so far and an eightfold increase of the density obtained in standard shake flask cultures. The cell density was limited in the fed-batch cultivation by the relatively low solubility of casamino acids (about 100 g l-1), which was proven by pulse addition of casamino acid powder which increased the cell density to about 20 g l-1 (OD540 = 55). Conclusion The growth of P. haloplanktis to higher cell densities on complex medium is possible. A first fed-batch fermentation strategy could be established which is feasible to be used in lab-scale or for industrial purposes. The substrate concentration of the feeding solution was found to influence the maximal biomass yield considerably. The bottleneck for growing P. haloplanktis to high cell densities still remains the availability of a highly concentrated substrate and the reduction of the substrate complexity. However, our results indicate glutamic acid as a major carbon source, which provides a good basis for further improvement of the fed-batch process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Wilmes
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, W.-Rathenau-Str. 49, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
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24
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Abstract
Low temperature environments are numerous on Earth and have been successfully colonized by cold-loving organisms termed psychrophiles. Cold-adapted microorganisms can be used as cell factories for the production of unstable compounds as well as for bioremediation of polluted cold soils and wastewaters. Furthermore, their biomolecules, mainly proteins and enzymes characterized by a high catalytic activity and pronounced heat-lability, have already found useful applications in various domains such as molecular biology, medical research, industrial food or feed technologies, detergents or cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Margesin
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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25
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Parrilli E, Giuliani M, Giordano D, Russo R, Marino G, Verde C, Tutino ML. The role of a 2-on-2 haemoglobin in oxidative and nitrosative stress resistance of Antarctic Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125. Biochimie 2010; 92:1003-9. [PMID: 20434514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The 2-on-2 haemoglobins, previously named truncated, are monomeric, low-molecular weight oxygen-binding proteins that share the overall topology with vertebrate haemoglobins. Although several studies on 2-on-2 haemoglobins have been reported, their physiological and biochemical functions are not yet well defined, and various roles have been suggested. The genome of the psychrophilic Antarctic marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 (PhTAC125) is endowed with three genes encoding 2-on-2 haemoglobins. To investigate the function played by one of the three trHbs, PhHbO, a PhTAC125 genomic mutant strain was constructed, in which the encoding gene was knocked-out. The mutant strain was grown under controlled conditions and several aspects of bacterium physiology were compared with those of wild-type cells when dissolved oxygen pressure in solution and growth temperature were changed. Interestingly, inactivation of the PhHbO encoding gene makes the mutant bacterial strain sensitive to high solution oxygen pressure, to H(2)O(2), and to a nitrosating agent, suggesting the involvement of PhHbO in oxidative and nitrosative stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermenegilda Parrilli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università di Napoli Federico II - Complesso Universitario M.S. Angelo, via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
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26
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Piette F, D'Amico S, Struvay C, Mazzucchelli G, Renaut J, Tutino ML, Danchin A, Leprince P, Feller G. Proteomics of life at low temperatures: trigger factor is the primary chaperone in the Antarctic bacteriumPseudoalteromonas haloplanktisTAC125. Mol Microbiol 2010; 76:120-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Parrilli E, Giuliani M, Pezzella C, Danchin A, Marino G, Tutino ML. PssA is required for α-amylase secretion in Antarctic Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis. Microbiology (Reading) 2010; 156:211-219. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.032342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular protein secretion is an essential feature in bacterial physiology. The ability to efficiently secrete diverse hydrolytic enzymes represents a key nutritional strategy for all bacteria, including micro-organisms living in extreme and hostile habitats, such as cold environments. However, little is known about protein secretion mechanisms in psychrophilic bacteria. In this study, the recombinant secretion of a cold-adapted α-amylase in the Antarctic Gram-negative Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 was investigated. By a combination of several molecular techniques, the function of the pssA gene was related to α-amylase secretion in this psychrophilic bacterium. Deletion of the pssA gene completely abolished amylase secretion without affecting the extracellular targeting of other substrates mediated by canonical secretion systems. The pssA gene product, PssA, is a multidomain lipoprotein, predicted to be localized in the bacterial outer membrane, and displaying three TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat) domains and two LysM modules. Based on functional annotation of these domains, combined with the experimental results reported herein, we suggest a role for PssA as a molecular adaptor, in charge of recruiting other cellular components required for specific α-amylase secretion. To the best of our knowledge, no proteins exhibiting the same domain organization have previously been linked to protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermenegilda Parrilli
- Facoltà di Scienze Biotecnologiche Università di Napoli Federico II – Complesso Universitario M.S. Angelo via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università di Napoli Federico II – Complesso Universitario M.S. Angelo via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università di Napoli Federico II – Complesso Universitario M.S. Angelo via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pezzella
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università di Napoli Federico II – Complesso Universitario M.S. Angelo via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antoine Danchin
- Génétique des Génomes Bactériens URA 2171 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Gennaro Marino
- Facoltà di Scienze Biotecnologiche Università di Napoli Federico II – Complesso Universitario M.S. Angelo via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università di Napoli Federico II – Complesso Universitario M.S. Angelo via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Tutino
- Facoltà di Scienze Biotecnologiche Università di Napoli Federico II – Complesso Universitario M.S. Angelo via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università di Napoli Federico II – Complesso Universitario M.S. Angelo via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Ferrer-Miralles N, Domingo-Espín J, Corchero JL, Vázquez E, Villaverde A. Microbial factories for recombinant pharmaceuticals. Microb Cell Fact 2009; 8:17. [PMID: 19317892 PMCID: PMC2669800 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-8-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the hosts used to produce the 151 recombinant pharmaceuticals so far approved for human use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and/or by the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) are microbial cells, either bacteria or yeast. This fact indicates that despite the diverse bottlenecks and obstacles that microbial systems pose to the efficient production of functional mammalian proteins, namely lack or unconventional post-translational modifications, proteolytic instability, poor solubility and activation of cell stress responses, among others, they represent convenient and powerful tools for recombinant protein production. The entering into the market of a progressively increasing number of protein drugs produced in non-microbial systems has not impaired the development of products obtained in microbial cells, proving the robustness of the microbial set of cellular systems (so far Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisae) developed for protein drug production. We summarize here the nature, properties and applications of all those pharmaceuticals and the relevant features of the current and potential producing hosts, in a comparative way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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De Felice M, Mattanovich D, Papagianni M, Wegrzyn G, Villaverde A. The scientific impact of microbial cell factories. Microb Cell Fact 2008; 7:33. [PMID: 19046424 PMCID: PMC2630955 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-7-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maurilio De Felice
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Cieśliński H, Werbowy K, Kur J, Turkiewicz M. Molecular characterization of a cryptic plasmid from the psychrotrophic antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. 643A. Plasmid 2008; 60:154-8. [PMID: 18611409 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the identification and nucleotide sequence analysis of pKW1, a plasmid of the psychrotrophic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. 643A isolated from the stomach of Antarctic krill Euphasia superba. pKW1 consists of 4583 bp, has a G+C content of 43% and seven putative open reading frames (ORFs). The deduced amino acid sequence from ORF-1 shared significant similarity with the plasmid replicase protein of Psychrobacter cryohalolentis, strain K5. The DNA region immediately downstream of the ORF-1 showed some homology with the Rep-binding sequence of the theta-replicating ColE2-type plasmids. The ORF-3 amino acid sequence revealed amino acid sequence homology with the mobilization protein of Psychrobacter sp. PRwf-1 and Moraxella catarrhalis, with identities of 28% and 25%, respectively. The ORF-4 showed 46% amino acid sequence homology with the putative relaxase/mobilization nuclease MobA of Hafnia alvei and 44% homology with the putative mobilization protein A of Pasterulla multocida. The copy number of pKW1 in Pseudoalteromonas sp. 643A was estimated of 15 copies per chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Cieśliński
- Department of Microbiology, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
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