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Sampson FC, Hughes J, Long J, Buykx P, Goodacre SW, Snooks H, Edwards A, Evans B, Jones J, Moore C, Johnston S. Is a randomised controlled trial of take home naloxone distributed in emergency settings likely to be feasible and acceptable? Findings from a UK qualitative study exploring perspectives of people who use opioids and emergency services staff. BMC Emerg Med 2024; 24:75. [PMID: 38679713 PMCID: PMC11057101 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-024-00987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distribution of take-home naloxone (THN) by emergency services may increase access to THN and reduce deaths and morbidity from opioid overdose. As part of a feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of distribution of THN kits and education within ambulance services and Emergency Departments (EDs), we used qualitative methods to explore key stakeholders' perceptions of feasibility and acceptability of delivering the trial. METHODS We undertook semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 26 people who use opioids and with 20 paramedics and ED staff from two intervention sites between 2019 and 2021. Interviews and focus groups were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using Framework Analysis. RESULTS People using opioids reported high awareness of overdose management, including personal experience of THN use. Staff perceived emergency service provision of THN as a low-cost, low-risk intervention with potential to reduce mortality, morbidity and health service use. Staff understood the trial aims and considered it compatible with their work. All participants supported widening access to THN but reported limited trial recruitment opportunities partly due to difficulties in consenting patients during overdose. Procedural problems, restrictive recruitment protocols, limited staff buy-in and patients already owning THN limited trial recruitment. Determining trial effectiveness was challenging due to high levels of alternative community provision of THN. CONCLUSIONS Distribution of THN in emergency settings was considered feasible and acceptable for stakeholders but an RCT to establish the effectiveness of THN delivery is unlikely to generate further useful evidence due to difficulties in recruiting patients and assessing benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Sampson
- Division of Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - J Hughes
- Division of Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Long
- Division of Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P Buykx
- School of Humanities, Creative Industries and Social Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - S W Goodacre
- Division of Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - H Snooks
- Department of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - A Edwards
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bridie Evans
- Department of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Jenna Jones
- Department of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Chris Moore
- Welsh Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
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Gouraguine A, Smale DA, Edwards A, King NG, Jackson-Bué M, Kelly S, Earp HS, Moore PJ. Temporal and spatial drivers of the structure of macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with Laminaria hyperborea detritus in the northeast Atlantic. Mar Environ Res 2024; 198:106518. [PMID: 38648698 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Kelp forests occur on more than a quarter of the world's coastlines, serving as foundation species supporting high levels of biodiversity. They are also a major source of organic matter in coastal ecosystems, with the majority of primary production released and exported as detritus. Kelp detritus also provides food and shelter for macroinvertebrates, which comprise important components of inshore food-webs. Hitherto, research on kelp detritus-associated macroinvertebrate assemblages remains relatively limited. We quantified spatiotemporal variability in the structure of detritus-associated macroinvertebrate assemblages within Laminaria hyperborea forests and evaluated the influence of putative drivers of the observed variability in assemblages across eight study sites within four regions of the United Kingdom in May and September 2015. We documented 5167 individuals from 106 taxa with Malacostraca, Gastropoda, Isopoda and Bivalvia the most abundant groups sampled. Assemblage structure varied across months, sites, and regions, with highest richness in September compared to May. Many taxa were unique to individual regions, with few documented in all regions. Finally, key drivers of assemblage structure included detritus tissue nitrogen content, depth, sea surface temperature, light intensity, as well as L. hyperborea canopy density and canopy biomass. Despite their dynamic composition and transient existence, accumulations of L. hyperborea detritus represent valuable repositories of biodiversity and represent an additional kelp forest component which influences secondary productivity, and potentially kelp forest food-web dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gouraguine
- Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL2 1PB, UK
| | - Arwyn Edwards
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Nathan G King
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL2 1PB, UK
| | | | - Sean Kelly
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Hannah S Earp
- Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Pippa J Moore
- Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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Rassner SME, Cook JM, Mitchell AC, Stevens IT, Irvine-Fynn TDL, Hodson AJ, Edwards A. The distinctive weathering crust habitat of a High Arctic glacier comprises discrete microbial micro-habitats. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16617. [PMID: 38558266 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Sunlight penetrates the ice surfaces of glaciers and ice sheets, forming a water-bearing porous ice matrix known as the weathering crust. This crust is home to a significant microbial community. Despite the potential implications of microbial processes in the weathering crust for glacial melting, biogeochemical cycles, and downstream ecosystems, there have been few explorations of its microbial communities. In our study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics of a Svalbard glacier surface catchment to characterise the microbial communities within the weathering crust, their origins and destinies, and the functional potential of the weathering crust metagenome. Our findings reveal that the bacterial community in the weathering crust is distinct from those in upstream and downstream habitats. However, it comprises two separate micro-habitats, each with different taxa and functional categories. The interstitial porewater is dominated by Polaromonas, influenced by the transfer of snowmelt, and exported via meltwater channels. In contrast, the ice matrix is dominated by Hymenobacter, and its metagenome exhibits a diverse range of functional adaptations. Given that the global weathering crust area and the subsequent release of microbes from it are strongly responsive to climate projections for the rest of the century, our results underscore the pressing need to integrate the microbiome of the weathering crust with other communities and processes in glacial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph M Cook
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Andrew C Mitchell
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | - Ian T Stevens
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | | | - Andrew J Hodson
- Department of Arctic Geology, University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Arwyn Edwards
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
- Department of Arctic Biology, University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, Norway
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4
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Favors L, Harrell K, Miles V, Hicks RC, Rippy M, Parmer H, Edwards A, Brown C, Stewart K, Day L, Wilson A, Maxwell R. Analysis of fibrinolytic shutdown in trauma patients with traumatic brain injury. Am J Surg 2024; 227:72-76. [PMID: 37802703 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulation profiles following major trauma vary depending on injury pattern and degree of shock. The physiologic mechanisms involved in coagulation function at any given time are varied and remain poorly understood. Thromboelastography (TEG) has been used evaluate coagulation profiles in the trauma population with some reports demonstrating a spectrum of fibrinolysis to fibrinolytic shutdown on initial presentation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fibrinolytic profile of patients with TBI using thromboelastography (TEG). We hypothesized that patients with TBI would demonstrate low fibrinolytic activity. METHODS All trauma activations at an ACS-verified level 1 trauma center received a TEG analysis upon arrival from December 2019 to June 2021. A retrospective review of the results and outcomes was conducted, and TBI patients were compared to patients without TBI. Linear regression was used to evaluate the effect of patient and injury factors on fibrinolysis. Hyperfibrinolysis was defined as LY30 > 7.7%, physiologic fibrinolysis as LY30 0.6-7.7%, and fibrinolytic shutdown as LY30 < 0.6%. RESULTS A total of 1369 patients received an admission TEG analysis. Patients with TBI had a significantly higher median ISS (16 vs. 8, p < 0.001), lower median admission Glasgow Coma Scale (14 vs. 15, p < 0.001), longer intensive care unit length of stay (3 vs. 2 days, p < 0.0001), increased ventilator days (216 vs. 183, p < 0.001), higher mortality (14.6% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.001), but lower shock index (0.6 vs. 0.7, p < 0.0001) compared to those without TBI. Median LY30 was found to be decreased in the TBI group (0.1 vs. 0.2, p = 0.0006). Patients with TBI were found to have a higher rate of fibrinolytic shutdown compared those without TBI (68.7% vs. 63.5%, p = 0.054). ISS, sex, and shock index were found to be predictive of LY30 on linear regression, but TBI was not (Β: 0.09, SE: 0.277, p = 0.745). The rate of DVT/PE did not appear to be elevated in patients with TBI (0.8%) and without TBI (1.2%). CONCLUSIONS Trauma patients with and without TBI were found to have high rates of fibrinolytic shutdown. Although there was a high incidence of fibrinolytic shutdown, it did not appear to have an impact on the rate of thrombotic complications. The clinical significance of these results is unclear and differs significantly from recent reports which demonstrated that TBI is associated with a 25% rate of fibrinolytic shutdown. Further investigation is needed to better define the fibrinolytic pathway in patients with trauma and TBI to develop optimal treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Favors
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, 979 East Third Street, Suite B-401, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA.
| | - K Harrell
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, 979 East Third Street, Suite B-401, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA.
| | - V Miles
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, 979 East Third Street, Suite B-401, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA.
| | - R C Hicks
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, 979 East Third Street, Suite B-401, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA
| | - M Rippy
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, 979 East Third Street, Suite B-401, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA
| | - H Parmer
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, 979 East Third Street, Suite B-401, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA
| | - A Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, 979 East Third Street, Suite B-401, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA
| | - C Brown
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, 979 East Third Street, Suite B-401, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA
| | - K Stewart
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, 979 East Third Street, Suite B-401, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA
| | - L Day
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, 979 East Third Street, Suite B-401, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA
| | - A Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, 979 East Third Street, Suite B-401, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA
| | - R Maxwell
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, 979 East Third Street, Suite B-401, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA.
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Feng M, Varliero G, Qi W, Stierli B, Edwards A, Robinson S, van der Heijden MGA, Frey B. Microbial dynamics in soils of the Damma glacier forefield show succession in the functional genetic potential. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:3116-3138. [PMID: 37688461 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Glacier retreat is a visible consequence of climate change worldwide. Although taxonomic change of the soil microbiomes in glacier forefields have been widely documented, how microbial genetic potential changes along succession is little known. Here, we used shotgun metagenomics to analyse whether the soil microbial genetic potential differed between four stages of soil development (SSD) sampled along three transects in the Damma glacier forefield (Switzerland). The SSDs were characterized by an increasing vegetation cover, from barren soil, to biological soil crust, to sparsely vegetated soil and finally to vegetated soil. Results suggested that SSD significantly influenced microbial genetic potential, with the lowest functional diversity surprisingly occurring in the vegetated soils. Overall, carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes overrepresented in vegetated soils, which could be partly attributed to plant-soil feedbacks. For C degradation, glycoside hydrolase genes enriched in vegetated soils, while auxiliary activity and carbohydrate esterases genes overrepresented in barren soils, suggested high labile C degradation potential in vegetated, and high recalcitrant C degradation potential in barren soils. For N-cycling, organic N degradation and synthesis genes dominated along succession, and gene families involved in nitrification were overrepresented in barren soils. Our study provides new insights into how the microbial genetic potential changes during soil formation along the Damma glacier forefield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomao Feng
- Rhizosphere Processes Group, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gilda Varliero
- Rhizosphere Processes Group, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Weihong Qi
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics SIB, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beat Stierli
- Rhizosphere Processes Group, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Arwyn Edwards
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Serina Robinson
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marcel G A van der Heijden
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Plant-Soil Interactions, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Frey
- Rhizosphere Processes Group, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Gokul JK, Mur LAJ, Hodson AJ, Irvine-Fynn TDL, Debbonaire AR, Takeuchi N, Edwards A. Icescape-scale metabolomics reveals cyanobacterial and topographic control of the core metabolism of the cryoconite ecosystem of an Arctic ice cap. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2549-2563. [PMID: 37621052 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Glaciers host ecosystems comprised of biodiverse and active microbiota. Among glacial ecosystems, less is known about the ecology of ice caps since most studies focus on valley glaciers or ice sheet margins. Previously we detailed the microbiota of one such high Arctic ice cap, focusing on cryoconite as a microbe-mineral aggregate formed by cyanobacteria. Here, we employ metabolomics at the scale of an entire ice cap to reveal the major metabolic pathways prevailing in the cryoconite of Foxfonna, central Svalbard. We reveal how geophysical and biotic processes influence the metabolomes of its resident cryoconite microbiota. We observed differences in amino acid, fatty acid, and nucleotide synthesis across the cap reflecting the influence of ice topography and the cyanobacteria within cryoconite. Ice topography influences central carbohydrate metabolism and nitrogen assimilation, whereas bacterial community structure governs lipid, nucleotide, and carotenoid biosynthesis processes. The prominence of polyamine metabolism and nitrogen assimilation highlights the importance of recycling nitrogenous nutrients. To our knowledge, this study represents the first application of metabolomics across an entire ice mass, demonstrating its utility as a tool for revealing the fundamental metabolic processes essential for sustaining life in supraglacial ecosystems experiencing profound change due to Arctic climate change-driven mass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarishma K Gokul
- Department of Life Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Department of Life Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | - Andrew J Hodson
- Department of Arctic Geology, University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Norway University of Environmental Science, Sogndal, Norway
| | | | - Aliyah R Debbonaire
- Department of Life Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | - Nozomu Takeuchi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Arwyn Edwards
- Department of Life Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
- Department of Arctic Biology, University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
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Hay MC, Mitchell AC, Soares AR, Debbonaire AR, Mogrovejo DC, Els N, Edwards A. Metagenome-assembled genomes from High Arctic glaciers highlight the vulnerability of glacier-associated microbiota and their activities to habitat loss. Microb Genom 2023; 9. [PMID: 37937832 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid warming of the Arctic is threatening the demise of its glaciers and their associated ecosystems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore and understand the diversity of genomes resident within glacial ecosystems endangered by human-induced climate change. In this study we use genome-resolved metagenomics to explore the taxonomic and functional diversity of different habitats within glacier-occupied catchments. Comparing different habitats within such catchments offers a natural experiment for understanding the effects of changing habitat extent or even loss upon Arctic microbiota. Through binning and annotation of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) we describe the spatial differences in taxon distribution and their implications for glacier-associated biogeochemical cycling. Multiple taxa associated with carbon cycling included organisms with the potential for carbon monoxide oxidation. Meanwhile, nitrogen fixation was mediated by a single taxon, although diverse taxa contribute to other nitrogen conversions. Genes for sulphur oxidation were prevalent within MAGs implying the potential capacity for sulphur cycling. Finally, we focused on cyanobacterial MAGs, and those within cryoconite, a biodiverse microbe-mineral granular aggregate responsible for darkening glacier surfaces. Although the metagenome-assembled genome of Phormidesmis priestleyi, the cyanobacterium responsible for forming Arctic cryoconite was represented with high coverage, evidence for the biosynthesis of multiple vitamins and co-factors was absent from its MAG. Our results indicate the potential for cross-feeding to sustain P. priestleyi within granular cryoconite. Taken together, genome-resolved metagenomics reveals the vulnerability of glacier-associated microbiota to the deletion of glacial habitats through the rapid warming of the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie C Hay
- Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology (iCEM), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
- Present address: Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Andrew C Mitchell
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology (iCEM), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | - Andre R Soares
- Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology (iCEM), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
- Present address: Environmental Metagenomics, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Aliyah R Debbonaire
- Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology (iCEM), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | - Diana C Mogrovejo
- Dr. Brill + Partner GmbH Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nora Els
- Department of Lake and Glacier Research, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arwyn Edwards
- Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology (iCEM), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
- Department of Arctic Biology, University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, Svalbard and Jan Mayen
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Mugisha JO, Edwards A, Naidoo N, Chatterji S, Seeley J, Kowal P. Longitudinal data resource from the Wellbeing of Older People cohort of people aged >50 years in Uganda and South Africa from 2009 to 2019. S Afr Med J 2023; 113:36-41. [PMID: 37882122 DOI: 10.7196/samj.2023.v113i8.16706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The population of people aged ≥60 years continues to increase globally, and has been projected by the United Nations Population Division to increase to 21% of the total population by 2050. In addition, the number of older people living with HIV has continued to increase owing to the introduction of antiretroviral therapy as a treatment for HIV-infected people. Most of the older people living with HIV are in sub-Saharan Africa, an area that faces the biggest burden of HIV globally. Despite the high burden, there are limited reliable data on how HIV directly and indirectly affects the health and wellbeing of older people within this region. OBJECTIVE To showcase the availability of data on how HIV directly and indirectly affects the health and wellbeing of older people in Uganda and South Africa (SA). METHODS The World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), in collaboration with Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit and the Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI) in SA, started the SAGE Wellbeing of Older People Study (WOPS) in Uganda and SA in 2009. Since initiation, respondents have been surveyed every 2 years, with four waves of surveys conducted in Uganda and three waves in South Africa. RESULTS The available datasets consist of two cohorts of people, aged >50 years, who were surveyed every 2 years between 2009 and 2018. The prevalence of HIV positivity over this period increased from 39% to 54% in Uganda and 48% to 62% in SA. The datasets provide comparisons of variables at a household level and at an individual level. At the individual level, the following measures can be compared longitudinally for a 10-year period for the following variables: sociodemographic characteristics; work history and benefits; health states and descriptions; anthropometrics performance tests and biomarkers; risk factors and preventive health behaviours; chronic conditions and health services coverage; healthcare utilisation; social cohesion; subjective wellbeing and quality of life; and impact of caregiving. CONCLUSION This article describes the WOPS in Uganda and SA, the population coverage of this study, and the survey frequency of WOPS, survey measures, data resources available, the data resource access and the strengths and weaknesses of the study. The article invites interested researchers to further analyse the data and answer research questions of interest to enhance the impact of these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Mugisha
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.
| | - A Edwards
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
| | - N Naidoo
- World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - S Chatterji
- World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - J Seeley
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda; Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
| | - P Kowal
- World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland.
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Snooks H, Watkins A, Lyons J, Akbari A, Bailey R, Bethell L, Carson-Stevens A, Dale J, Edwards A, Emery H, Evans BA, Jolles S, John A, Kingston M, Porter A, Sewell B, Williams V, Lyons RA. Corrigendum to "Did the UK's public health shielding policy protect the clinically extremely vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic in wales? Results of EVITE immunity, a linked data retrospective study" [Public Health 218 (2023) 12-20]. Public Health 2023; 222:229. [PMID: 37463828 PMCID: PMC11021201 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Snooks
- Swansea University, Medical School, ILS 2, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK.
| | - A Watkins
- Swansea University, Medical School, ILS 2, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK
| | - J Lyons
- Population Data Science, Swansea University, Medical School, Data Science Building, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK
| | - A Akbari
- Population Data Science, Swansea University, Medical School, Data Science Building, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK
| | - R Bailey
- Population Data Science, Swansea University, Medical School, Data Science Building, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK
| | - L Bethell
- Swansea University, Medical School, ILS 2, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK
| | - A Carson-Stevens
- Cardiff University, Division of Population Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - J Dale
- The University of Warwick, Medical School, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - A Edwards
- Cardiff University, Division of Population Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - H Emery
- Swansea University, Medical School, ILS 2, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK
| | - B A Evans
- Swansea University, Medical School, ILS 2, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK
| | - S Jolles
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK
| | - A John
- Population Data Science, Swansea University, Medical School, Data Science Building, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK
| | - M Kingston
- Swansea University, Medical School, ILS 2, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK
| | - A Porter
- Swansea University, Medical School, ILS 2, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK
| | - B Sewell
- Swansea University, School of Health and Social Care, Vivian Tower, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK
| | - V Williams
- Swansea University, Medical School, ILS 2, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK
| | - R A Lyons
- Population Data Science, Swansea University, Medical School, Data Science Building, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK
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10
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Goedegebuur J, Abbel D, Accassat S, Achterberg WP, Akbari A, Arfuch VM, Baddeley E, Bax JJ, Becker D, Bergmeijer B, Bertoletti L, Blom JW, Calvetti A, Cannegieter SC, Castro L, Chavannes NH, Coma-Auli N, Couffignal C, Edwards A, Edwards M, Enggaard H, Font C, Gava A, Geersing GJ, Geijteman ECT, Greenley S, Gregory C, Gussekloo J, Hoffmann I, Højen AA, van den Hout WB, Huisman MV, Jacobsen S, Jagosh J, Johnson MJ, Jørgensen L, Juffermans CCM, Kempers EK, Konstantinides S, Kroder AF, Kruip MJHA, Lafaie L, Langendoen JW, Larsen TB, Lifford K, van der Linden YM, Mahé I, Maiorana L, Maraveyas A, Martens ESL, Mayeur D, van Mens TE, Mohr K, Mooijaart SP, Murtagh FEM, Nelson A, Nielsen PB, Ording AG, Ørskov M, Pearson M, Poenou G, Portielje JEA, Raczkiewicz D, Rasmussen K, Trinks-Roerdink E, Schippers I, Seddon K, Sexton K, Sivell S, Skjøth F, Søgaard M, Szmit S, Trompet S, Vassal P, Visser C, van Vliet LM, Wilson E, Klok FA, Noble SIR. Towards optimal use of antithrombotic therapy of people with cancer at the end of life: A research protocol for the development and implementation of the SERENITY shared decision support tool. Thromb Res 2023; 228:54-60. [PMID: 37276718 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though antithrombotic therapy has probably little or even negative effects on the well-being of people with cancer during their last year of life, deprescribing antithrombotic therapy at the end of life is rare in practice. It is often continued until death, possibly resulting in excess bleeding, an increased disease burden and higher healthcare costs. METHODS The SERENITY consortium comprises researchers and clinicians from eight European countries with specialties in different clinical fields, epidemiology and psychology. SERENITY will use a comprehensive approach combining a realist review, flash mob research, epidemiological studies, and qualitative interviews. The results of these studies will be used in a Delphi process to reach a consensus on the optimal design of the shared decision support tool. Next, the shared decision support tool will be tested in a randomised controlled trial. A targeted implementation and dissemination plan will be developed to enable the use of the SERENITY tool across Europe, as well as its incorporation in clinical guidelines and policies. The entire project is funded by Horizon Europe. RESULTS SERENITY will develop an information-driven shared decision support tool that will facilitate treatment decisions regarding the appropriate use of antithrombotic therapy in people with cancer at the end of life. CONCLUSIONS We aim to develop an intervention that guides the appropriate use of antithrombotic therapy, prevents bleeding complications, and saves healthcare costs. Hopefully, usage of the tool leads to enhanced empowerment and improved quality of life and treatment satisfaction of people with advanced cancer and their care givers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Goedegebuur
- Department of Medicine - Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - D Abbel
- Department of Medicine - Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine - Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - S Accassat
- Department of Vascular and Therapeutical Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - W P Achterberg
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A Akbari
- Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - V M Arfuch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Clinical Institute of Haematological and Oncological Diseases (ICMHO), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Baddeley
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - J J Bax
- Department of Medicine - Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - D Becker
- University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - L Bertoletti
- Department of Vascular and Therapeutical Medicine, Jean Monnet University, University Hospital of Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - J W Blom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A Calvetti
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - S C Cannegieter
- Department of Medicine - Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - L Castro
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N H Chavannes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - N Coma-Auli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Clinical Institute of Haematological and Oncological Diseases (ICMHO), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Couffignal
- Hôpital Louis Mourier, APHP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Edwards
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - M Edwards
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - H Enggaard
- Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - C Font
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Clinical Institute of Haematological and Oncological Diseases (ICMHO), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Gava
- Societa per l'Assistenza al Malato Oncologico Terminale Onlus (S.A.M.O.T.) Ragusa Onlus, Ragusa, Italy
| | - G J Geersing
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E C T Geijteman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Greenley
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - C Gregory
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - J Gussekloo
- Department of Medicine - Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - I Hoffmann
- Hôpital Bichat, APHP, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A A Højen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - W B van den Hout
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M V Huisman
- Department of Medicine - Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - S Jacobsen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - J Jagosh
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - M J Johnson
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - L Jørgensen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - C C M Juffermans
- Centre of Expertise in Palliative Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E K Kempers
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - A F Kroder
- Todaytomorrow, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J H A Kruip
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Lafaie
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Jean Monnet University, University Hospital of Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | | | - T B Larsen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - K Lifford
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Y M van der Linden
- Centre of Expertise in Palliative Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - I Mahé
- Department of Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Hôpital Louis Mourier, APHP, Paris, France
| | - L Maiorana
- Societa per l'Assistenza al Malato Oncologico Terminale Onlus (S.A.M.O.T.) Ragusa Onlus, Ragusa, Italy
| | - A Maraveyas
- Clinical Sciences Centre Hull York Medical School University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - E S L Martens
- Department of Medicine - Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - D Mayeur
- Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - T E van Mens
- Department of Medicine - Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - K Mohr
- University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S P Mooijaart
- Department of Medicine - Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F E M Murtagh
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - A Nelson
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - P B Nielsen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - A G Ording
- Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M Ørskov
- Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M Pearson
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - G Poenou
- Department of Vascular and Therapeutical Medicine, Jean Monnet University, University Hospital of Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - J E A Portielje
- Department of Medicine - Internal medicine and Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - D Raczkiewicz
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Rasmussen
- Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - E Trinks-Roerdink
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - K Seddon
- Wales Cancer Research Centre, Cardiff, UK
| | - K Sexton
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - S Sivell
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - F Skjøth
- Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M Søgaard
- Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - S Szmit
- Department of Cardio-Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Trompet
- Department of Medicine - Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P Vassal
- Department of Vascular and Therapeutical Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - C Visser
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L M van Vliet
- Department of Health, Medicine and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E Wilson
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - F A Klok
- Department of Medicine - Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Brown R, Van Godwin J, Edwards A, Burdon M, Moore G. A qualitative exploration of stakeholder perspectives on the implementation of a whole school approach to mental health and emotional well-being in Wales. Health Educ Res 2023; 38:241-253. [PMID: 36715722 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Early intervention to support mental health and well-being of school-aged children may be of significant benefit in preventing escalation of mental health problems in later life. While there are limitations to current understanding of the best ways for schools to support mental well-being, a whole school approach (WSA), involving all those who are part of the school system in creating and sustaining a supportive environment where health is prioritized, may be effective. This research explored stakeholder views of this approach, as part of a contract commissioned by the Welsh Government to conduct an evaluability assessment of a WSA. Semistructured focus groups and interviews were completed with stakeholders from the health and education sectors, as well as parents, to explore how a WSA may operate in a Welsh context and barriers and facilitators to potential implementation and outcomes. Findings suggest that existing pressures on schools may impact implementation of a WSA, with school staff already time poor and many staff experiencing their own mental well-being challenges. Implementation may be supported by clear guidance at local and national levels, funding for staff time and training and stakeholder involvement at all stages. Long-term monitoring and evaluation are also needed to understand system changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brown
- DECIPHer, Cardiff University, SPARC, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales CF24 4HQ, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, SPARC, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - J Van Godwin
- DECIPHer, Cardiff University, SPARC, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - A Edwards
- DECIPHer, Cardiff University, SPARC, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - M Burdon
- DECIPHer, Cardiff University, SPARC, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - G Moore
- DECIPHer, Cardiff University, SPARC, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales CF24 4HQ, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, SPARC, Maindy Road, Cardiff, Wales CF24 4HQ, UK
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12
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Snooks H, Watkins A, Lyons J, Akbari A, Bailey R, Bethell L, Carson-Stevens A, Edwards A, Emery H, Evans BA, Jolles S, John A, Kingston M, Porter A, Sewell B, Williams V, Lyons RA. Did the UK's public health shielding policy protect the clinically extremely vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales? Results of EVITE Immunity, a linked data retrospective study. Public Health 2023; 218:12-20. [PMID: 36933354 PMCID: PMC9928733 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The UK shielding policy intended to protect people at the highest risk of harm from COVID-19 infection. We aimed to describe intervention effects in Wales at 1 year. METHODS Retrospective comparison of linked demographic and clinical data for cohorts comprising people identified for shielding from 23 March to 21 May 2020; and the rest of the population. Health records were extracted with event dates between 23 March 2020 and 22 March 2021 for the comparator cohort and from the date of inclusion until 1 year later for the shielded cohort. RESULTS The shielded cohort included 117,415 people, with 3,086,385 in the comparator cohort. The largest clinical categories in the shielded cohort were severe respiratory condition (35.5%), immunosuppressive therapy (25.9%) and cancer (18.6%). People in the shielded cohort were more likely to be female, aged ≥50 years, living in relatively deprived areas, care home residents and frail. The proportion of people tested for COVID-19 was higher in the shielded cohort (odds ratio [OR] 1.616; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.597-1.637), with lower positivity rate incident rate ratios 0.716 (95% CI 0.697-0.736). The known infection rate was higher in the shielded cohort (5.9% vs 5.7%). People in the shielded cohort were more likely to die (OR 3.683; 95% CI: 3.583-3.786), have a critical care admission (OR 3.339; 95% CI: 3.111-3.583), hospital emergency admission (OR 2.883; 95% CI: 2.837-2.930), emergency department attendance (OR 1.893; 95% CI: 1.867-1.919) and common mental disorder (OR 1.762; 95% CI: 1.735-1.789). CONCLUSION Deaths and healthcare utilisation were higher amongst shielded people than the general population, as would be expected in the sicker population. Differences in testing rates, deprivation and pre-existing health are potential confounders; however, lack of clear impact on infection rates raises questions about the success of shielding and indicates that further research is required to fully evaluate this national policy intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Snooks
- Swansea University, Medical School, ILS 2, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - A Watkins
- Swansea University, Medical School, ILS 2, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - J Lyons
- Population Data Science, Swansea University, Medical School, Data Science Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - A Akbari
- Population Data Science, Swansea University, Medical School, Data Science Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - R Bailey
- Population Data Science, Swansea University, Medical School, Data Science Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - L Bethell
- Swansea University, Medical School, ILS 2, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - A Carson-Stevens
- Cardiff University, Division of Population Medicine, Neuadd Meirionnydd, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK.
| | - A Edwards
- Cardiff University, Division of Population Medicine, Neuadd Meirionnydd, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK.
| | - H Emery
- Swansea University, Medical School, ILS 2, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - B A Evans
- Swansea University, Medical School, ILS 2, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - S Jolles
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK.
| | - A John
- Population Data Science, Swansea University, Medical School, Data Science Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - M Kingston
- Swansea University, Medical School, ILS 2, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - A Porter
- Swansea University, Medical School, ILS 2, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - B Sewell
- Swansea University, School of Health and Social Care, Vivian Tower, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - V Williams
- Swansea University, Medical School, ILS 2, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - R A Lyons
- Population Data Science, Swansea University, Medical School, Data Science Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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13
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Cameron SJS, Edwards A, Lambert RJ, Stroud M, Mur LAJ. Participants in the Trans-Antarctic Winter Traverse Expedition Showed Increased Bacterial Load and Diversity in Saliva but Maintained Individual Differences within Stool Microbiota and Across Metabolite Fingerprints. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054850. [PMID: 36902282 PMCID: PMC10002533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the impact of long-term physiological and environmental stress on the human microbiota and metabolome may be important for the success of space flight. This work is logistically difficult and has a limited number of available participants. Terrestrial analogies present important opportunities to understand changes in the microbiota and metabolome and how this may impact participant health and fitness. Here, we present work from one such analogy: the Transarctic Winter Traverse expedition, which we believe is the first assessment of the microbiota and metabolome from different bodily locations during prolonged environmental and physiological stress. Bacterial load and diversity were significantly higher during the expedition when compared with baseline levels (p < 0.001) in saliva but not stool, and only a single operational taxonomic unit assigned to the Ruminococcaceae family shows significantly altered levels in stool (p < 0.001). Metabolite fingerprints show the maintenance of individual differences across saliva, stool, and plasma samples when analysed using flow infusion electrospray mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Significant activity-associated changes in terms of both bacterial diversity and load are seen in saliva but not in stool, and participant differences in metabolite fingerprints persist across all three sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. S. Cameron
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
- Correspondence: (S.J.S.C.); (L.A.J.M.)
| | - Arwyn Edwards
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Edward Llywd Building, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Robert J. Lambert
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Mike Stroud
- NIHR BRC Nutrition, University of Southampton Medical School, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Luis A. J. Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Edward Llywd Building, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK
- Correspondence: (S.J.S.C.); (L.A.J.M.)
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14
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Soares A, Edwards A, An D, Bagnoud A, Bradley J, Barnhart E, Bomberg M, Budwill K, Caffrey SM, Fields M, Gralnick J, Kadnikov V, Momper L, Osburn M, Mu A, Moreau JW, Moser D, Purkamo L, Rassner SM, Sheik CS, Sherwood Lollar B, Toner BM, Voordouw G, Wouters K, Mitchell AC. A global perspective on bacterial diversity in the terrestrial deep subsurface. Microbiology (Reading) 2023; 169:001172. [PMID: 36748549 PMCID: PMC9993121 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
While recent efforts to catalogue Earth's microbial diversity have focused upon surface and marine habitats, 12-20 % of Earth's biomass is suggested to exist in the terrestrial deep subsurface, compared to ~1.8 % in the deep subseafloor. Metagenomic studies of the terrestrial deep subsurface have yielded a trove of divergent and functionally important microbiomes from a range of localities. However, a wider perspective of microbial diversity and its relationship to environmental conditions within the terrestrial deep subsurface is still required. Our meta-analysis reveals that terrestrial deep subsurface microbiota are dominated by Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes, probably as a function of the diverse metabolic strategies of these taxa. Evidence was also found for a common small consortium of prevalent Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria operational taxonomic units across the localities. This implies a core terrestrial deep subsurface community, irrespective of aquifer lithology, depth and other variables, that may play an important role in colonizing and sustaining microbial habitats in the deep terrestrial subsurface. An in silico contamination-aware approach to analysing this dataset underscores the importance of downstream methods for assuring that robust conclusions can be reached from deep subsurface-derived sequencing data. Understanding the global panorama of microbial diversity and ecological dynamics in the deep terrestrial subsurface provides a first step towards understanding the role of microbes in global subsurface element and nutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Soares
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University (AU), Aberystwyth, UK
- Institute of Biology, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), AU, Aberystwyth, UK
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Present address: Group for Aquatic Microbial Ecology (GAME), University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen - Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - A. Edwards
- Institute of Biology, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), AU, Aberystwyth, UK
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology (iCEM), AU, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - D. An
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - A. Bagnoud
- Institut de Génie Thermique (IGT), Haute École d'Ingénierie et de Gestion du Canton de Vaud (HEIG-VD), Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | - J. Bradley
- School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - E. Barnhart
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), USA, Reston, VA, USA
- Center for Biofilm Engineering (CBE), Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - M. Bomberg
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland
| | | | | | - M. Fields
- Center for Biofilm Engineering (CBE), Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, MSU, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - J. Gralnick
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - V. Kadnikov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - L. Momper
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (DEAPS), The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M. Osburn
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - A. Mu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J. W. Moreau
- School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - D. Moser
- Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute (DRI), Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - L. Purkamo
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences (SEES), University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
- Geological Survey of Finland (GTK), Finland
| | - S. M. Rassner
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University (AU), Aberystwyth, UK
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology (iCEM), AU, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - C. S. Sheik
- Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | | | - B. M. Toner
- Department of Soil, Water & Climate, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - G. Voordouw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - K. Wouters
- Institute for Environment, Health and Safety (EHS), Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - A. C. Mitchell
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University (AU), Aberystwyth, UK
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology (iCEM), AU, Aberystwyth, UK
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15
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McFadzean IJ, Edwards M, Davies F, Cooper A, Price D, Carson-Stevens A, Dale J, Hughes T, Porter A, Harrington B, Evans B, Siriwardena N, Anderson P, Edwards A. Realist analysis of whether emergency departments with primary care services generate 'provider-induced demand'. BMC Emerg Med 2022; 22:155. [PMID: 36068508 PMCID: PMC9450363 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-022-00709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is not known whether emergency departments (EDs) with primary care services influence demand for non-urgent care (‘provider-induced demand’). We proposed that distinct primary care services in EDs encourages primary care demand, whereas primary care integrated within EDs may be less likely to cause additional demand. We aimed to explore this and explain contexts (C), mechanisms (M) and outcomes (O) influencing demand. Methods We used realist evaluation methodology and observed ED service delivery. Twenty-four patients and 106 staff members (including Clinical Directors and General Practitioners) were interviewed at 13 EDs in England and Wales (240 hours of observations across 30 days). Field notes from observations and interviews were analysed by creating ‘CMO’ configurations to develop and refine theories relating to drivers of demand. Results EDs with distinct primary care services were perceived to attract demand for primary care because services were visible, known or enabled direct access to health care services. Other influencing factors included patients’ experiences of accessing primary care, community care capacity, service design and population characteristics. Conclusions Patient, local-system and wider-system factors can contribute to additional demand at EDs that include primary care services. Our findings can inform service providers and policymakers in developing strategies to limit the effect of potential influences on additional demand when demand exceeds capacity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12873-022-00709-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J McFadzean
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales.
| | - M Edwards
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales.
| | - F Davies
- PRIME Centre Wales, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales
| | - A Cooper
- PRIME Centre Wales, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales
| | - D Price
- PRIME Centre Wales, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales
| | - A Carson-Stevens
- PRIME Centre Wales, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales
| | - J Dale
- Unit of Academic Primary Care, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - T Hughes
- John Radcliff Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - A Porter
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales
| | - B Harrington
- PRIME Centre Wales, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales
| | - B Evans
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales
| | - N Siriwardena
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - P Anderson
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales
| | - A Edwards
- PRIME Centre Wales, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales
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16
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Papaluca T, Craigie A, McDonald L, Edwards A, Winter R, Hoang A, Pappas A, Waldron A, McCoy K, Stoove M, Doyle J, Hellard M, Holmes J, MacIsaac M, Desmond P, Iser D, Thompson A. Care navigation increases initiation of hepatitis C treatment following release from prison in a prospective randomised controlled trial: The C-LINK Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac350. [PMID: 35949401 PMCID: PMC9356682 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prison-based hepatitis C treatment is safe and effective; however, many individuals are released untreated due to time or resource constraints. On community re-entry, individuals face a number of immediate competing priorities, and in this context, linkage to hepatitis C care is low. Interventions targeted at improving healthcare continuity after prison release have yielded positive outcomes for other health diagnoses; however, data regarding hepatitis C transitional care are limited. Methods We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing a hepatitis C care navigator intervention with standard of care for individuals released from prison with untreated hepatitis C infection. The primary outcome was prescription of hepatitis C direct-acting antivirals (DAA) within 6 months of release. Results Forty-six participants were randomized. The median age was 36 years and 59% were male. Ninety percent (n = 36 of 40) had injected drugs within 6 months before incarceration. Twenty-two were randomized to care navigation and 24 were randomized to standard of care. Individuals randomized to the intervention were more likely to commence hepatitis C DAAs within 6 months of release (73%, n = 16 of 22 vs 33% n = 8 of 24, P < .01), and the median time between re-entry and DAA prescription was significantly shorter (21 days [interquartile range {IQR}, 11–42] vs 82 days [IQR, 44–99], P = .049). Conclusions Care navigation increased hepatitis C treatment uptake among untreated individuals released from prison. Public policy should support similar models of care to promote treatment in this high-risk population. Such an approach will help achieve hepatitis C elimination as a public health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Papaluca
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital and the University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - A Craigie
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital and the University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - L McDonald
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital and the University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - A Edwards
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital and the University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - R Winter
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital and the University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
- Burnet Institute , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - A Hoang
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital and the University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - A Pappas
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital and the University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - A Waldron
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital and the University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - K McCoy
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital and the University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - M Stoove
- Burnet Institute , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University , Victoria , Australia
| | - J Doyle
- Burnet Institute , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University , Victoria , Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - M Hellard
- Burnet Institute , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University , Victoria , Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - J Holmes
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital and the University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - M MacIsaac
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital and the University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - P Desmond
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital and the University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - D Iser
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital and the University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - A Thompson
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital and the University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
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17
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Edwards A, Soares A, Debbonaire A, Edwards Rassner SM. Before you go: a packing list for portable DNA sequencing of microbiomes and metagenomes. Microbiology (Reading) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35802409 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arwyn Edwards
- Institute of Biology, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology (iCEM), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | - André Soares
- Institute of Biology, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology (iCEM), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK.,Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK.,Present address: Group for Aquatic Microbial Ecology (GAME), University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen - Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Aliyah Debbonaire
- Institute of Biology, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology (iCEM), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | - Sara Maria Edwards Rassner
- Institute of Biology, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology (iCEM), Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
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18
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Murakami T, Takeuchi N, Mori H, Hirose Y, Edwards A, Irvine-Fynn T, Li Z, Ishii S, Segawa T. Metagenomics reveals global-scale contrasts in nitrogen cycling and cyanobacterial light-harvesting mechanisms in glacier cryoconite. Microbiome 2022; 10:50. [PMID: 35317857 PMCID: PMC8941735 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryoconite granules are mineral-microbial aggregates found on glacier surfaces worldwide and are hotspots of biogeochemical reactions in glacier ecosystems. However, despite their importance within glacier ecosystems, the geographical diversity of taxonomic assemblages and metabolic potential of cryoconite communities around the globe remain unclear. In particular, the genomic content of cryoconite communities on Asia's high mountain glaciers, which represent a substantial portion of Earth's ice masses, has rarely been reported. Therefore, in this study, to elucidate the taxonomic and ecological diversities of cryoconite bacterial consortia on a global scale, we conducted shotgun metagenomic sequencing of cryoconite acquired from a range of geographical areas comprising Polar (Arctic and Antarctic) and Asian alpine regions. RESULTS Our metagenomic data indicate that compositions of both bacterial taxa and functional genes are particularly distinctive for Asian cryoconite. Read abundance of the genes responsible for denitrification was significantly more abundant in Asian cryoconite than the Polar cryoconite, implying that denitrification is more enhanced in Asian glaciers. The taxonomic composition of Cyanobacteria, the key primary producers in cryoconite communities, also differs between the Polar and Asian samples. Analyses on the metagenome-assembled genomes and fluorescence emission spectra reveal that Asian cryoconite is dominated by multiple cyanobacterial lineages possessing phycoerythrin, a green light-harvesting component for photosynthesis. In contrast, Polar cryoconite is dominated by a single cyanobacterial species Phormidesmis priestleyi that does not possess phycoerythrin. These findings suggest that the assemblage of cryoconite bacterial communities respond to regional- or glacier-specific physicochemical conditions, such as the availability of nutrients (e.g., nitrate and dissolved organic carbon) and light (i.e., incident shortwave radiation). CONCLUSIONS Our genome-resolved metagenomics provides the first characterization of the taxonomic and metabolic diversities of cryoconite from contrasting geographical areas, highlighted by the distinct light-harvesting approaches of Cyanobacteria and nitrogen utilization between Polar and Asian cryoconite, and implies the existence of environmental controls on the assemblage of cryoconite communities. These findings deepen our understanding of the biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles of glacier ecosystems, which are susceptible to ongoing climate change and glacier decline, on a global scale. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Murakami
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nozomu Takeuchi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuu Hirose
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Arwyn Edwards
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Tristram Irvine-Fynn
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Zhongqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences/Tien Shan Glaciological Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA
| | - Takahiro Segawa
- Center for Life Science Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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19
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Galante J, Adeleke S, Wong M, Choy A, Lees K, Edwards A, Raman R, Thomas C, Taylor H, Pang J, Ramadan A, Bianchini D, Clarke A, Naji M, Ellul G, Brulinski P. Use of Novel Imaging for Patient Selection for Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) in Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer (PCa): Does the PET Tracer Make a Difference? Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Harreld J, Zou P, Sabin N, Edwards A, Han Y, Li Y, Bieri O, Khan R, Gajjar A, Robinson G, Merchant T. Pretreatment Normal WM Magnetization Transfer Ratio Predicts Risk of Radiation Necrosis in Patients with Medulloblastoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:299-303. [PMID: 35058296 PMCID: PMC8985672 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Radiation necrosis, for which abnormal WM enhancement is a hallmark, is an uncommon complication of craniospinal irradiation in children with medulloblastoma. The magnetization transfer ratio measures macromolecular content, dominated by myelin in the WM. We investigated whether the pretreatment supratentorial (nonsurgical) WM magnetization transfer ratio could predict patients at risk for radiation necrosis after radiation therapy for medulloblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-five eligible patients with medulloblastoma (41% female; mean age, 11.0 [SD, 5.4] years) had baseline balanced steady-state free precession MR imaging before proton or photon radiation therapy. Associations among baseline supratentorial magnetization transfer ratio, radiation necrosis (spontaneously resolving/improving parenchymal enhancement within the radiation field)3, age, and the presence of visible brain metastases were explored by logistic regression and parametric/nonparametric techniques as appropriate. RESULTS Twenty-three of 95 (24.2%) children (44% female; mean age, 10.7 [SD, 6.7] years) developed radiation necrosis after radiation therapy (19 infratentorial, 1 supratentorial, 3 both). The mean pretreatment supratentorial WM magnetization transfer ratio was significantly lower in these children (43.18 versus 43.50, P = .03). There was no association between the supratentorial WM magnetization transfer ratio and age, sex, risk/treatment stratum, or the presence of visible brain metastases. CONCLUSIONS A lower baseline supratentorial WM magnetization transfer ratio may indicate underlying structural WM susceptibility to radiation necrosis and may identify children at risk for developing radiation necrosis after craniospinal irradiation for medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.H. Harreld
- From the Department of Radiology (J.H.H.), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire,Geisel School of Medicine (J.H.H.), Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - P. Zou
- Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (P.Z., N.D.S., A.E.)
| | - N.D. Sabin
- Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (P.Z., N.D.S., A.E.)
| | - A. Edwards
- Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (P.Z., N.D.S., A.E.)
| | - Y. Han
- Biostatistics (Y.H., Y.L.)
| | - Y. Li
- Biostatistics (Y.H., Y.L.)
| | - O. Bieri
- Department of Radiology (O.B.), Division of Radiological Physics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Biomedical Engineering (O.B), University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - A. Gajjar
- Department of Pediatrics, and Departments of Neuro-Oncology (A.G., G.R.)
| | - G. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, and Departments of Neuro-Oncology (A.G., G.R.)
| | - T.E. Merchant
- Radiation Oncology (T.E.M.), St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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21
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Millar JL, Bagshaw EA, Edwards A, Poniecka EA, Jungblut AD. Polar Cryoconite Associated Microbiota Is Dominated by Hemispheric Specialist Genera. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:738451. [PMID: 34899626 PMCID: PMC8660574 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.738451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryoconite holes, supraglacial depressions containing water and microbe-mineral aggregates, are known to be hotspots of microbial diversity on glacial surfaces. Cryoconite holes form in a variety of locations and conditions, which impacts both their structure and the community that inhabits them. Using high-throughput 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing, we have investigated the communities of a wide range of cryoconite holes from 15 locations across the Arctic and Antarctic. Around 24 bacterial and 11 eukaryotic first-rank phyla were observed in total. The various biotic niches (grazer, predator, photoautotroph, and chemotroph), are filled in every location. Significantly, there is a clear divide between the bacterial and microalgal communities of the Arctic and that of the Antarctic. We were able to determine the groups contributing to this difference and the family and genus level. Both polar regions contain a "core group" of bacteria that are present in the majority of cryoconite holes and each contribute >1% of total amplicon sequence variant (ASV) abundance. Whilst both groups contain Microbacteriaceae, the remaining members are specific to the core group of each polar region. Additionally, the microalgal communities of Arctic cryoconite holes are dominated by Chlamydomonas whereas the Antarctic cryoconite holes are dominated by Pleurastrum. Therefore cryoconite holes may be a global feature of glacier landscapes, but they are inhabited by regionally distinct microbial communities. Our results are consistent with the notion that cryoconite microbiomes are adapted to differing conditions within the cryosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin L Millar
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Bagshaw
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Arwyn Edwards
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, United Kingdom
| | - Ewa A Poniecka
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Anne D Jungblut
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Murphy R, Sabnis A, Harrison J, Schelenz S, Edwards A, Vorup-Jensen T, Davies J. 520: The antimicrobial peptide glatiramer acetate disrupts pseudomonal cell membranes through interaction with lipopolysaccharide. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Morgan JL, Shrestha A, Reed MWR, Herbert E, Bradburn M, Walters SJ, Martin C, Collins K, Ward S, Holmes G, Burton M, Lifford K, Edwards A, Ring A, Robinson T, Chater T, Pemberton K, Brennan A, Cheung KL, Todd A, Audisio R, Wright J, Simcock R, Thomson AM, Gosney M, Hatton M, Green T, Revill D, Gath J, Horgan K, Holcombe C, Winter MC, Naik J, Parmeschwar R, Wyld L. Bridging the age gap in breast cancer: impact of omission of breast cancer surgery in older women with oestrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer on quality-of-life outcomes. Br J Surg 2021; 108:315-325. [PMID: 33760065 PMCID: PMC10364859 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary endocrine therapy may be an alternative treatment for less fit women with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. This study compared quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes in older women treated with surgery or primary endocrine therapy. METHODS This was a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study of surgery or primary endocrine therapy in women aged over 70 years with operable breast cancer. QoL was assessed using European Organisation for Research and Treatment of cancer QoL questionnaires QLQ-C30, -BR23, and -ELD14, and the EuroQol Five Dimensions 5L score at baseline, 6 weeks, and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for baseline variation in health, fitness, and tumour stage. RESULTS The study recruited 3416 women (median age 77 (range 69-102) years) from 56 breast units. Of these, 2979 (87.2 per cent) had ER-positive breast cancer; 2354 women had surgery and 500 received primary endocrine therapy (125 were excluded from analysis due to inadequate data or non-standard therapy). Median follow-up was 52 months. The primary endocrine therapy group was older and less fit. Baseline QoL differed between the groups; the mean(s.d.) QLQ-C30 global health status score was 66.2(21.1) in patients who received primary endocrine therapy versus 77.1(17.8) among those who had surgery plus endocrine therapy. In the unmatched analysis, changes in QoL between 6 weeks and baseline were noted in several domains, but by 24 months most scores had returned to baseline levels. In the matched analysis, major surgery (mastectomy or axillary clearance) had a more pronounced adverse impact than primary endocrine therapy in several domains. CONCLUSION Adverse effects on QoL are seen in the first few months after surgery, but by 24 months these have largely resolved. Women considering surgery should be informed of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Morgan
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Shrestha
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - M W R Reed
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - E Herbert
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Bradburn
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S J Walters
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - C Martin
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Collins
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Department of Allied Health Professions, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Ward
- Department of Health Economics and Decision Science, School for Health and Related Research, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - G Holmes
- Department of Health Economics and Decision Science, School for Health and Related Research, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Burton
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Lifford
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Edwards
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Ring
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - T Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - T Chater
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Pemberton
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Brennan
- Department of Health Economics and Decision Science, School for Health and Related Research, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K L Cheung
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - A Todd
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - R Audisio
- Department of Surgery, University of Gothenberg, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Gothenberg, Sweden
| | - J Wright
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - R Simcock
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - A M Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - M Gosney
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - M Hatton
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - T Green
- North Trent Cancer Research Network Consumer Research Panel, Sheffield, UK
| | - D Revill
- North Trent Cancer Research Network Consumer Research Panel, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Gath
- North Trent Cancer Research Network Consumer Research Panel, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Horgan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Bexley Cancer Centre, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - C Holcombe
- Department of Breast Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - M C Winter
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Naik
- Department of General Surgery, Pinderfields Hospital, Mid Yorkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | - R Parmeschwar
- Department of Breast Surgery, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay, Lancaster, UK
| | - L Wyld
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
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24
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Irvine-Fynn TDL, Edwards A, Stevens IT, Mitchell AC, Bunting P, Box JE, Cameron KA, Cook JM, Naegeli K, Rassner SME, Ryan JC, Stibal M, Williamson CJ, Hubbard A. Storage and export of microbial biomass across the western Greenland Ice Sheet. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3960. [PMID: 34172727 PMCID: PMC8233322 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Greenland Ice Sheet harbours a wealth of microbial life, yet the total biomass stored or exported from its surface to downstream environments is unconstrained. Here, we quantify microbial abundance and cellular biomass flux within the near-surface weathering crust photic zone of the western sector of the ice sheet. Using groundwater techniques, we demonstrate that interstitial water flow is slow (~10−2 m d−1), while flow cytometry enumeration reveals this pathway delivers 5 × 108 cells m−2 d−1 to supraglacial streams, equivalent to a carbon flux up to 250 g km−2 d−1. We infer that cellular carbon accumulation in the weathering crust exceeds fluvial export, promoting biomass sequestration, enhanced carbon cycling, and biological albedo reduction. We estimate that up to 37 kg km−2 of cellular carbon is flushed from the weathering crust environment of the western Greenland Ice Sheet each summer, providing an appreciable flux to support heterotrophs and methanogenesis at the bed. Microbes that colonise ice sheet surfaces are important to the carbon cycle, but their biomass and transport remains unquantified. Here, the authors reveal substantial microbial carbon fluxes across Greenland’s ice surface, in quantities that may sustain subglacial heterotrophs and fuel methanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D L Irvine-Fynn
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.
| | - A Edwards
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - I T Stevens
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.,School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - A C Mitchell
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - P Bunting
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - J E Box
- Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K A Cameron
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.,Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark.,School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J M Cook
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.,Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Naegeli
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.,Institute of Geography and Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S M E Rassner
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - J C Ryan
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - M Stibal
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - C J Williamson
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A Hubbard
- Centre for Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, Department of Geosciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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25
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Shero J, van Dijk W, Edwards A, Schatschneider C, Solari EJ, Hart SA. The practical utility of genetic screening in school settings. NPJ Sci Learn 2021; 6:12. [PMID: 34075049 PMCID: PMC8169884 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-021-00090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Can genetic screening be used to personalize education for students? Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) screen an individual's DNA for specific variations in their genome, and how said variations relate to specific traits. The variations can then be assigned a corresponding weight and summed to produce polygenic scores (PGS) for given traits. Though first developed for disease risk, PGS is now used to predict educational achievement. Using a novel simulation method, this paper examines if PGS could advance screening in schools, a goal of personalized education. Results show limited potential benefits for using PGS to personalize education for individual students. However, further analysis shows PGS can be effectively used alongside progress monitoring measures to screen for learning disability risk. Altogether, PGS is not useful in personalizing education for every child but has potential utility when used simultaneously with additional screening tools to help determine which children may struggle academically.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shero
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
| | - W van Dijk
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - A Edwards
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - C Schatschneider
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - E J Solari
- Department of Curriculum Instruction and Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - S A Hart
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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26
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Gwilym B, Waldron C, Thomas-Jones E, Pallmann P, Preece R, Brookes-Howell L, Milosevic S, Edwards A, Twine C, Massey I, Burton J, Harris D, Samuel K, Dilaver N, Day S, Bosanquet D. P90 PERCEIVE: PrEdiction of Risk and Communication of outcome following major lower limb amputation - a collaboratIVE study. BJS Open 2021. [PMCID: PMC8030154 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab032.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Major Lower Limb Amputation (MLLA) is a life changing event with significant morbidity and mortality. Inaccurate risk prediction can lead to poor decision making, resulting in delay to definitive surgery, or undertaking amputation when not in the patient’s best interest. We aim to answer: In adult patients undergoing MLLA for chronic limb threatening ischaemia or diabetes, how accurately do health care professionals prospectively predict outcomes after MLLA, and how does this compare to existing prediction tools? Methods A multicentre prospective observational cohort study is being delivered through the Vascular and Endovascular Research Network. Dissemination was via an existing network of contacts and social media. Consecutive data will be collected for seven months from site launch date, including demographic data and pre-operative outcome predictions from surgeons, anaesthetists, and allied healthcare professionals. Follow-up data will comprise 30-day (mortality, morbidity, MLLA revision, surgical site infection, and blood transfusion) and 1-year (mortality, MLLA revision and ambulation). The accuracy of surgeons’ predictions will be evaluated and compared to pre-existing risk prediction scoring tools. Results PERCEIVE launched on 01/10/2020 with 23 centres (16 UK, 7 international) registered to collect data. 50 other centres (27 UK, 23 international) have expressed interest/are pursuing local audit/ethical approval. We aim to collect data on clinicians estimate of outcomes for over 500 patients. Discussion This study will utilise a trainee research network to provide data on the accuracy of healthcare professionals’ predictions of outcomes following MLLA and compare this to the utility of existing prediction tools in this patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gwilym
- South East Wales Vascular Network
| | | | | | | | - R Preece
- South East Wales Vascular Network
| | | | | | | | - C Twine
- South East Wales Vascular Network
| | - I Massey
- South East Wales Vascular Network
| | - J Burton
- South East Wales Vascular Network
| | - D Harris
- South East Wales Vascular Network
| | - K Samuel
- South East Wales Vascular Network
| | | | - S Day
- South East Wales Vascular Network
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27
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Griffiths A, Dixon J, Egglestone A, Edwards A, Handley R, Trompeter A, Eardley WGP. Evidence-based orthopaedic trauma care in the United Kingdom: Guidelines, registries, carrots and sticks. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2021; 31:937-945. [PMID: 33825953 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-021-02954-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the United Kingdom (UK), orthopaedic trauma surgeons utilise evidence-based practice through distillation of high-quality primary research, interrogation of registries and implementation of evidence-based guidelines. Concurrent with this ambition of providing exemplar care based on robust patient centred research, there has evolved a culture of remuneration 'by results'. Therefore, there is a drive for excellence combined with a system of collation and validation of data input as well as remuneration where care excels. There are several organisations involved in each stage of this process, the output of which has much that is pertinent to the globally similar consequences of physical injury. However, their relevance and impact within the UK is magnified as they are written against the backdrop of a unified healthcare system. In this article, we will describe the roles of the different organisations guiding and regulating trauma practice across the UK and discuss how the interplay of these impacts on clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Griffiths
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, TS4 3BW, UK.
| | - J Dixon
- Darlington Memorial Hospital, Hollyhurst Rd, Darlington, DL3 6HX, UK
| | - A Egglestone
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, TS4 3BW, UK
| | - A Edwards
- Trauma Audit Research Network, Summerfield House, 544 Eccles New Road, Salford, M5 5AP, UK
| | - R Handley
- British Orthopaedic Association, 35-43 Lincoln's Inn Fields, Holborn, WC2A 3PE, London, UK
| | - A Trompeter
- St George's University Hospital, Blackshaw Rd, Tooting, SW17 0QT, London, UK
| | - W G P Eardley
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, TS4 3BW, UK
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28
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Wyld L, Reed MWR, Collins K, Burton M, Lifford K, Edwards A, Ward S, Holmes G, Morgan J, Bradburn M, Walters SJ, Ring A, Robinson TG, Martin C, Chater T, Pemberton K, Shrestha A, Nettleship A, Murray C, Brown M, Richards P, Cheung KL, Todd A, Harder H, Brain K, Audisio RA, Wright J, Simcock R, Armitage F, Bursnall M, Green T, Revell D, Gath J, Horgan K, Holcombe C, Winter M, Naik J, Parmeshwar R, Gosney M, Hatton M, Thompson AM. Bridging the age gap in breast cancer: cluster randomized trial of two decision support interventions for older women with operable breast cancer on quality of life, survival, decision quality, and treatment choices. Br J Surg 2021; 108:499-510. [PMID: 33760077 PMCID: PMC10364907 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of surgery and adjuvant therapy for breast cancer vary widely between breast units. This may contribute to differences in survival. This cluster RCT evaluated the impact of decision support interventions (DESIs) for older women with breast cancer, to ascertain whether DESIs influenced quality of life, survival, decision quality, and treatment choice. METHODS A multicentre cluster RCT compared the use of two DESIs against usual care in treatment decision-making in older women (aged at least ≥70 years) with breast cancer. Each DESI comprised an online algorithm, booklet, and brief decision aid to inform choices between surgery plus adjuvant endocrine therapy versus primary endocrine therapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy versus no chemotherapy. The primary outcome was quality of life. Secondary outcomes included decision quality measures, survival, and treatment choice. RESULTS A total of 46 breast units were randomized (21 intervention, 25 usual care), recruiting 1339 women (670 intervention, 669 usual care). There was no significant difference in global quality of life at 6 months after the baseline assessment on intention-to-treat analysis (difference -0.20, 95 per cent confidence interval (C.I.) -2.69 to 2.29; P = 0.900). In women offered a choice of primary endocrine therapy versus surgery plus endocrine therapy, knowledge about treatments was greater in the intervention arm (94 versus 74 per cent; P = 0.003). Treatment choice was altered, with a primary endocrine therapy rate among women with oestrogen receptor-positive disease of 21.0 per cent in the intervention versus 15.4 per cent in usual-care sites (difference 5.5 (95 per cent C.I. 1.1 to 10.0) per cent; P = 0.029). The chemotherapy rate was 10.3 per cent at intervention versus 14.8 per cent at usual-care sites (difference -4.5 (C.I. -8.0 to 0) per cent; P = 0.013). Survival was similar in both arms. CONCLUSION The use of DESIs in older women increases knowledge of breast cancer treatment options, facilitates shared decision-making, and alters treatment selection. Trial registration numbers: EudraCT 2015-004220-61 (https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/), ISRCTN46099296 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wyld
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - M W R Reed
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - K Collins
- College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Department of Allied Health Professions, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Burton
- College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Department of Allied Health Professions, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Lifford
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Edwards
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Ward
- Department of Health Economics and Decision Science, School for Health and Related Research, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - G Holmes
- Department of Health Economics and Decision Science, School for Health and Related Research, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Morgan
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Bradburn
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S J Walters
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Ring
- Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - T G Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - C Martin
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - T Chater
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Pemberton
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Shrestha
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Nettleship
- EpiGenesys, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - C Murray
- EpiGenesys, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Brown
- EpiGenesys, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P Richards
- Department of Health Economics and Decision Science, School for Health and Related Research, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K L Cheung
- University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - A Todd
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - H Harder
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - K Brain
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - R A Audisio
- University of Gothenberg, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Gothenberg, Sweden
| | - J Wright
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - R Simcock
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | | | - M Bursnall
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - T Green
- Yorkshire and Humber Consumer Research Panel (yhcrp.org.uk), Leeds, UK
| | - D Revell
- Yorkshire and Humber Consumer Research Panel (yhcrp.org.uk), Leeds, UK
| | - J Gath
- Yorkshire and Humber Consumer Research Panel (yhcrp.org.uk), Leeds, UK
| | - K Horgan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Bexley Cancer Centre, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - C Holcombe
- Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Winter
- Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Naik
- Pinderfields Hospital, Mid Yorkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | - R Parmeshwar
- University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay, Lancaster, UK
| | - M Gosney
- Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK
| | - M Hatton
- Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - A M Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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29
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Collart C, Ciccarelli A, Ivanovitch K, Rosewell I, Kumar S, Kelly G, Edwards A, Smith JC. The migratory pathways of the cells that form the endocardium, dorsal aortae, and head vasculature in the mouse embryo. BMC Dev Biol 2021; 21:8. [PMID: 33752600 PMCID: PMC7986287 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-021-00239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Vasculogenesis in amniotes is often viewed as two spatially and temporally distinct processes, occurring in the yolk sac and in the embryo. However, the spatial origins of the cells that form the primary intra-embryonic vasculature remain uncertain. In particular, do they obtain their haemato-endothelial cell fate in situ, or do they migrate from elsewhere? Recently developed imaging techniques, together with new Tal1 and existing Flk1 reporter mouse lines, have allowed us to investigate this question directly, by visualising cell trajectories live and in three dimensions. Results We describe the pathways that cells follow to form the primary embryonic circulatory system in the mouse embryo. In particular, we show that Tal1-positive cells migrate from within the yolk sac, at its distal border, to contribute to the endocardium, dorsal aortae and head vasculature. Other Tal1 positive cells, similarly activated within the yolk sac, contribute to the yolk sac vasculature. Using single-cell transcriptomics and our imaging, we identify VEGF and Apela as potential chemo-attractants that may regulate the migration into the embryo. The dorsal aortae and head vasculature are known sites of secondary haematopoiesis; given the common origins that we observe, we investigate whether this is also the case for the endocardium. We discover cells budding from the wall of the endocardium with high Tal1 expression and diminished Flk1 expression, indicative of an endothelial to haematopoietic transition. Conclusions In contrast to the view that the yolk sac and embryonic circulatory systems form by two separate processes, our results indicate that Tal1-positive cells from the yolk sac contribute to both vascular systems. It may be that initial Tal1 activation in these cells is through a common mechanism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12861-021-00239-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Collart
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - A Ciccarelli
- Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - K Ivanovitch
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - I Rosewell
- Genetic Modification Service, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - S Kumar
- Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.,Photonics Group, 606 Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - G Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Facility, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - A Edwards
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - J C Smith
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
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30
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Wyld L, Reed M, Collins K, Burton M, Lifford K, Edwards A, Ward S, Holmes G, Morgan J, Bradburn M, Walters S, Ring A, Martin C, Shrestha A, Nettleship A, Brown M, Richards P, Todd A, Harder H, Brain K. Cluster randomised trial to evaluate the clinical benefits of decision support interventions for older women with operable breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)30545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Bellas CM, Schroeder DC, Edwards A, Barker G, Anesio AM. Flexible genes establish widespread bacteriophage pan-genomes in cryoconite hole ecosystems. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4403. [PMID: 32879312 PMCID: PMC7468147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage genomes rapidly evolve via mutation and horizontal gene transfer to counter evolving bacterial host defenses; such arms race dynamics should lead to divergence between phages from similar, geographically isolated ecosystems. However, near-identical phage genomes can reoccur over large geographical distances and several years apart, conversely suggesting many are stably maintained. Here, we show that phages with near-identical core genomes in distant, discrete aquatic ecosystems maintain diversity by possession of numerous flexible gene modules, where homologous genes present in the pan-genome interchange to create new phage variants. By repeatedly reconstructing the core and flexible regions of phage genomes from different metagenomes, we show a pool of homologous gene variants co-exist for each module in each location, however, the dominant variant shuffles independently in each module. These results suggest that in a natural community, recombination is the largest contributor to phage diversity, allowing a variety of host recognition receptors and genes to counter bacterial defenses to co-exist for each phage. Bacteriophages and their hosts are involved in a constant evolutionary arms race that should lead to divergence between phage genes over time. Here, the authors recruit metagenomic reads to virus reference genomes and genome fragments in samples from cryoconite holes and show that phages with near-identical core genomes maintain diversity by possession of numerous flexible gene modules, where homologous genes present in the pan-genome interchange to create new phage variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Bellas
- Department of Ecology, Lake and Glacier Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Declan C Schroeder
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Arwyn Edwards
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Gary Barker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Alexandre M Anesio
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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32
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Passoni N, Edwards A, Schlomer B, Stanasel I, Baker L, Peters C, Jacobs M. Urethral injury in the setting of blunt pelvic fracture: Does age matter? EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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33
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Gokul JK, Cameron KA, Irvine-Fynn TDL, Cook JM, Hubbard A, Stibal M, Hegarty M, Mur LAJ, Edwards A. Illuminating the dynamic rare biosphere of the Greenland Ice Sheet's Dark Zone. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5614494. [PMID: 31697309 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Greenland's Dark Zone is the largest contiguous region of bare terrestrial ice in the Northern Hemisphere and microbial processes play an important role in driving its darkening and thereby amplifying melt and runoff from the ice sheet. However, the dynamics of these microbiota have not been fully identified. Here, we present joint 16S rRNA gene and 16S rRNA (cDNA) comparison of input (snow), storage (cryoconite) and output (supraglacial stream water) habitats across the Dark Zone over the melt season. We reveal that all three Dark Zone communities have a preponderance of rare taxa exhibiting high protein synthesis potential (PSP). Furthermore, taxa with high PSP represent highly connected 'bottlenecks' within community structure, consistent with their roles as metabolic hubs. Finally, low abundance-high PSP taxa affiliated with Methylobacterium within snow and stream water suggest a novel role for Methylobacterium in the carbon cycle of Greenlandic snowpacks, and importantly, the export of potentially active methylotrophs to the bed of the Greenland Ice Sheet. By comparing the dynamics of bulk and potentially active microbiota in the Dark Zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet, we provide novel insights into the mechanisms and impacts of the microbial colonization of this critical region of our melting planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarishma K Gokul
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DD UK
| | - Karen A Cameron
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DD UK.,Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Oester Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Permafrost, University of Copenhagen, Oester Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tristram D L Irvine-Fynn
- Centre for Glaciology, Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Llandinam Building, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DD UK
| | - Joseph M Cook
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DD UK
| | - Alun Hubbard
- Centre for Glaciology, Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Llandinam Building, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DD UK
| | - Marek Stibal
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Prague 128 44, Czechia
| | - Matt Hegarty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DD UK
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DD UK
| | - Arwyn Edwards
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DD UK
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34
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Cameron KA, Müller O, Stibal M, Edwards A, Jacobsen CS. Glacial microbiota are hydrologically connected and temporally variable. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:3172-3187. [PMID: 32383292 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glaciers are melting rapidly. The concurrent export of microbial assemblages alongside glacial meltwater is expected to impact the ecology of adjoining ecosystems. Currently, the source of exported assemblages is poorly understood, yet this information may be critical for understanding how current and future glacial melt seasons may influence downstream environments. We report on the connectivity and temporal variability of microbiota sampled from supraglacial, subglacial and periglacial habitats and water bodies within a glacial catchment. Sampled assemblages showed evidence of being biologically connected through hydrological flowpaths, leading to a meltwater system that accumulates prokaryotic biota as it travels downstream. Temporal changes in the connected assemblages were similarly observed. Snow assemblages changed markedly throughout the sample period, likely reflecting changes in the surrounding environment. Changes in supraglacial meltwater assemblages reflected the transition of the glacial surface from snow-covered to bare-ice. Marked snowmelt across the surrounding periglacial environment resulted in the flushing of soil assemblages into the riverine system. In contrast, surface ice within the ablation zone and subglacial meltwaters remained relatively stable throughout the sample period. Our results are indicative that changes in snow and ice melt across glacial environments will influence the abundance and diversity of microbial assemblages transported downstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Cameron
- Institute of Biological, Rural and Environmental Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DD, UK.,Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark.,Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark.,School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Oliver Müller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5006, Norway
| | - Marek Stibal
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark.,Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Arwyn Edwards
- Institute of Biological, Rural and Environmental Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DD, UK
| | - Carsten Suhr Jacobsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark.,Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark.,Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
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Edwards A, Cameron KA, Cook JM, Debbonaire AR, Furness E, Hay MC, Rassner SM. Microbial genomics amidst the Arctic crisis. Microb Genom 2020; 6:e000375. [PMID: 32392124 PMCID: PMC7371112 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arctic is warming - fast. Microbes in the Arctic play pivotal roles in feedbacks that magnify the impacts of Arctic change. Understanding the genome evolution, diversity and dynamics of Arctic microbes can provide insights relevant for both fundamental microbiology and interdisciplinary Arctic science. Within this synthesis, we highlight four key areas where genomic insights to the microbial dimensions of Arctic change are urgently required: the changing Arctic Ocean, greenhouse gas release from the thawing permafrost, 'biological darkening' of glacial surfaces, and human activities within the Arctic. Furthermore, we identify four principal challenges that provide opportunities for timely innovation in Arctic microbial genomics. These range from insufficient genomic data to develop unifying concepts or model organisms for Arctic microbiology to challenges in gaining authentic insights to the structure and function of low-biomass microbiota and integration of data on the causes and consequences of microbial feedbacks across scales. We contend that our insights to date on the genomics of Arctic microbes are limited in these key areas, and we identify priorities and new ways of working to help ensure microbial genomics is in the vanguard of the scientific response to the Arctic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwyn Edwards
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Cymru SY23 3DD, UK
| | - Karen A. Cameron
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Cymru SY23 3DD, UK
| | - Joseph M. Cook
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Cymru SY23 3DD, UK
| | - Aliyah R. Debbonaire
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Cymru SY23 3DD, UK
| | - Eleanor Furness
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Cymru SY23 3DD, UK
| | - Melanie C. Hay
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Cymru SY23 3DD, UK
| | - Sara M.E. Rassner
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Cledwyn Building, Aberystwyth University, Cymru SY23 3DD, UK
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Stibal M, Bradley JA, Edwards A, Hotaling S, Zawierucha K, Rosvold J, Lutz S, Cameron KA, Mikucki JA, Kohler TJ, Šabacká M, Anesio AM. Glacial ecosystems are essential to understanding biodiversity responses to glacier retreat. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:686-687. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Makepeace L, Scoggins M, Mitrea B, Li Y, Edwards A, Tinkle CL, Hwang S, Gajjar A, Patay Z. MRI Patterns of Extrapontine Lesion Extension in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:323-330. [PMID: 31974084 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma is a devastating childhood cancer that despite being primarily diagnosed by MR imaging alone, lacks robust prognostic imaging features. This study investigated patterns and quantification of extrapontine lesion extensions as potential prognostic imaging biomarkers for survival in children with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Volumetric analysis of baseline MR imaging studies was completed in 131 patients with radiographically defined typical diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. Extrapontine tumor extension was classified according to the direction of extension: midbrain, medulla oblongata, and right and left middle cerebellar peduncles; various extrapontine lesion extension patterns were evaluated. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival differences; linear regression was used to evaluate clinical-radiographic variables prognostic of survival. RESULTS At least 1 extrapontine lesion extension was observed in 125 patients (95.4%). Of the 11 different extrapontine lesion extension patterns encountered in our cohort, 2 were statistically significant predictors of survival. Any extension into the middle cerebellar peduncles was prognostic of shorter overall survival (P = .01), but extension into both the midbrain and medulla oblongata but without extension into either middle cerebellar peduncle was prognostic of longer overall survival compared with those having no extension (P = .04) or those having any other pattern of extension (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Within this large cohort of patients with typical diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas, 2 specific extrapontine lesion extension patterns were associated with a significant overall survival advantage or disadvantage. Our findings may be valuable for risk stratification and radiation therapy planning in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Makepeace
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (L.M., M.S., B.M., A.E., S.H., Z.P.)
| | - M Scoggins
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (L.M., M.S., B.M., A.E., S.H., Z.P.)
| | - B Mitrea
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (L.M., M.S., B.M., A.E., S.H., Z.P.)
| | | | - A Edwards
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (L.M., M.S., B.M., A.E., S.H., Z.P.)
| | | | - S Hwang
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (L.M., M.S., B.M., A.E., S.H., Z.P.)
| | - A Gajjar
- Oncology (A.G.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Z Patay
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (L.M., M.S., B.M., A.E., S.H., Z.P.)
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Howison H, Edwards A, Hanlon E. Introducing treatment summaries post active cancer treatment: sharing with the patient, primary and secondary care. Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gowers GOF, Vince O, Charles JH, Klarenberg I, Ellis T, Edwards A. Entirely Off-Grid and Solar-Powered DNA Sequencing of Microbial Communities during an Ice Cap Traverse Expedition. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E902. [PMID: 31703372 PMCID: PMC6896169 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities in remote locations remain under-studied. This is particularly true on glaciers and icecaps, which cover approximately 11% of the Earth's surface. The principal reason for this is the inaccessibility of most of these areas due to their extreme isolation and challenging environmental conditions. While remote research stations have significantly lowered the barrier to studying the microbial communities on icecaps, their use has led to a bias for data collection in the near vicinity of these institutions. Here, miniaturisation of a DNA sequencing lab suitable for off-grid metagenomic studies is demonstrated. Using human power alone, this lab was transported across Europe's largest ice cap (Vatnajökull, Iceland) by ski and sledge. After 11 days of unsupported polar-style travel, a metagenomic study of a geothermal hot spring gorge was conducted on the remote northern edge of the ice cap. This tent-based metagenomic study resulted in over 24 h of Nanopore sequencing, powered by solar power alone. This study demonstrates the ability to conduct DNA sequencing in remote locations, far from civilised resources (mechanised transport, external power supply, internet connection, etc.), whilst greatly reducing the time from sample collection to data acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen-Oliver. F. Gowers
- Vatnajökull Expedition Team, UK; (O.V.); (J.-H.C.)
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology (IC-CSynB), Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Oliver Vince
- Vatnajökull Expedition Team, UK; (O.V.); (J.-H.C.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | | | - Ingeborg Klarenberg
- Faculty of Natural Resource Science, University of Akureyri, 600 Akureyri, Iceland;
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Tom Ellis
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology (IC-CSynB), Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Arwyn Edwards
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DD, UK;
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DD, UK
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Porter A, Edwards A, Edwards BM, Evans BA, Gripper PC, Hughes H, John A, Khanom A, Petterson R, Philips CJ, Scott J, Tee A, Watkins A, Snooks H. PP31 Strategies to manage emergency ambulance telephone callers with sustained high needs – an evaluation using linked data (STRETCHED). Arch Emerg Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2019-999abs.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundAmbulance services across the UK have recognised a clinical and operational problem with persistent high users of the 999 service, but there is a lack of evidence about what works in this setting and how. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness, safety and efficiency of multi-agency case management approaches to the care of people who frequently call the emergency ambulance service, and gain understanding of barriers and facilitators to implementation.MethodsWe will carry out a mixed methods evaluation using anonymised linked routine data outcomes in a ‘natural experiment’ cohort design in four UK ambulance services, with one case management intervention site and one control site within each service. We will describe the epidemiology of ‘frequent calling’; assess the effects of case management on process, outcomes, safety and costs up to six months for 300 high users per service (n-1200); and examine the views of stakeholders, including patients, through qualitative methods. We will synthesise quantitative and qualitative findings, informed by a logic model describing predicted mechanisms of change.ResultsWe received confirmation of NIHR grant funding for this study in 2018 so do not yet have results to report.ConclusionsTelephone callers with sustained high needs represent a significant, high profile policy challenge to emergency ambulance services. Such callers may be indicative of gaps elsewhere in the health care system, which could be more effectively addressed by pro-active care. The STRETCHED study provides the opportunity to contribute to the currently sparse evidence base on interventions for this patient group.
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Blackwell N, Perkins W, Palumbo-Roe B, Bearcock J, Lloyd JR, Edwards A. Seasonal blooms of neutrophilic Betaproteobacterial Fe(II) oxidizers and Chlorobi in iron-rich coal mine drainage sediments. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5561438. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Waters draining from flooded and abandoned coal mines in the South Wales Coalfield (SWC), are substantial sources of pollution to the environment characterized by circumneutral pH and elevated dissolved iron concentrations (>1 mg L−1). The discharged Fe precipitates to form Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides which sustain microbial communities. However, while several studies have investigated the geochemistry of mine drainage in the SWC, less is known about the microbial ecology of the sites presenting a gap in our understanding of biogeochemical cycling and pollutant turnover. This study investigated the biogeochemistry of the Ynysarwed mine adit in the SWC. Samples were collected from nine locations within sediment at the mine entrance from the upper and lower layers three times over one year for geochemical and bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. During winter, members of the Betaproteobacteria bloomed in relative abundance (>40%) including the microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing genus Gallionella. A concomitant decrease in Chlorobi-associated bacteria occurred, although by summer the community composition resembled that observed in the previous autumn. Here, we provide the first insights into the microbial ecology and seasonal dynamics of bacterial communities of Fe(III)-rich deposits in the SWC and demonstrate that neutrophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria are important and dynamic members of these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Blackwell
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DB, UK
| | - William Perkins
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DB, UK
| | - Barbara Palumbo-Roe
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Jenny Bearcock
- British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Arwyn Edwards
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DB, UK
- Institute of Biological, Environment Rural Science (and Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental Microbiology, and Centre for Glaciology), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
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Williamson CJ, Cameron KA, Cook JM, Zarsky JD, Stibal M, Edwards A. Glacier Algae: A Dark Past and a Darker Future. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:524. [PMID: 31019491 PMCID: PMC6458304 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
"Glacier algae" grow on melting glacier and ice sheet surfaces across the cryosphere, causing the ice to absorb more solar energy and consequently melt faster, while also turning over carbon and nutrients. This makes glacier algal assemblages, which are typically dominated by just three main species, a potentially important yet under-researched component of the global biosphere, carbon, and water cycles. This review synthesizes current knowledge on glacier algae phylogenetics, physiology, and ecology. We discuss their significance for the evolution of early land plants and highlight their impacts on the physical and chemical supraglacial environment including their role as drivers of positive feedbacks to climate warming, thereby demonstrating their influence on Earth's past and future. Four complementary research priorities are identified, which will facilitate broad advances in glacier algae research, including establishment of reliable culture collections, sequencing of glacier algae genomes, development of diagnostic biosignatures for remote sensing, and improved predictive modeling of glacier algae biological-albedo effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Williamson
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A Cameron
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph M Cook
- Department of Geography, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jakub D Zarsky
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marek Stibal
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Arwyn Edwards
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
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Hunt A, Chan A, Delacroix L, Dysager L, Edwards A, Frew J, Gordon A, Henry A, Huddart R, Koh M, Kong V, Nagar Y, Parikh O, Pearson R, Rimmer Y, Schytte T, Serra M, Sidhom M, Sohaib A, Syndikus I, Tan A, Treece S, Varughese M, Hafeez S. EP-1589 Establishing international variation in target delineation using MRI for bladder radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)32009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hay M, Edwards A, Mitchell A. The communities that colonise the cold. Access Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1099/acmi.ac2019.po0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hay
- 1Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- 2Institute of Biology, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Arwyn Edwards
- 2Institute of Biology, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Mitchell
- 1Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
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Ferriman N, Campbell C, Wood K, Edwards A, Mandell I. 79 Residual Feed Intake (RFI) Reranking in Beef Steers Fed Growing and Finishing Diets under Two Management Regimens. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Ferriman
- University of Guelph,Brampton, ON, Canada
| | - C Campbell
- Department of Animal Biosciences / University of Guelph,Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - K Wood
- Department of Animal Biosciences / University of Guelph,Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - A Edwards
- Ontario Agriculture College/ University of Guelph,Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - I Mandell
- Department of Animal Biosciences / University of Guelph,Guelph, ON, Canada
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Frayne J, Shoveller A, Croney C, Edwards A. PSIX-22 The behavioural effects of innovative litter developed to attract cats. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Frayne
- University of Guelph,Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - A Shoveller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph,Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - C Croney
- Purdue University,West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - A Edwards
- Ontario Agriculture College/ University of Guelph,Guelph, ON, Canada
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Edwards A. WHEN FAMILY ISN’T THERE: ATTITUDES AND MOTIVATIONS OF VOLUNTEERS IN A SENIOR ADVOCACY PROGRAM. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Letley L, Campbell H, Edwards A, Saliba V. What do parents and young people in England think about immunisation? A national interview survey. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Letley
- Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | | | - V Saliba
- Public Health England, London, UK
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Graupner O, Wong F, Teoh M, Edwards A, Nakamura S, Schranz D, Veldmann A, Götte M, Meister M, Axt-Fliedner R, Enzensberger C. Untersuchung der myokardialen Gewebeverformung (Strain) vor und nach Foramen ovale Verschluss in einem Hypoplastischen Linksherzsyndrom (HLHS) – Schafmodell. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O Graupner
- Frauenklinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - F Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australien
| | - M Teoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australien
| | - A Edwards
- Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australien
| | - S Nakamura
- Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australien
| | - D Schranz
- Hessisches Kinderherzzentrum Gießen, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg (UKGM), Gießen, Deutschland
| | - A Veldmann
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, St. Vinzenz Krankenhaus, Limburg, Deutschland
| | - M Götte
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg (UKGM), Standort Gießen, Abteilung für Pränatalmedizin, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - M Meister
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg (UKGM), Standort Gießen, Abteilung für Pränatalmedizin, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - R Axt-Fliedner
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg (UKGM), Standort Gießen, Abteilung für Pränatalmedizin, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - C Enzensberger
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg (UKGM), Standort Gießen, Abteilung für Pränatalmedizin, Gießen, Deutschland
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