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Weidemann H, Feger D, Ehlert JE, Menger MM, Krempien RC. Markedly divergent effects of Ouabain on a Temozolomide-resistant (T98G) vs. a Temozolomide-sensitive (LN229) Glioblastoma cell line. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:27. [PMID: 36840822 PMCID: PMC9968366 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. GMB are highly recurrent mainly because of radio- and chemoresistance. Radiotherapy with Temozolomide (TMZ) is until today the golden standard adjuvant therapy, however, the optimal treatment of recurrent glioblastoma remains controversial. Ouabain belongs to the Cardiotonic Steroids (CTS) the natural ligands of the Na/K-ATPase (NKA). It is established that the NKA represents a signal transducer with either stimulating or inhibiting cell growth, apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis. Over the last decade evidence grew that CTS have anti-tumor properties especially in GBM. AIM Proceeding from recent studies we wanted to further demonstrate a divergent effect of Ouabain on a TMZ-resistant (T98G) as compared to a TMZ-sensitive (LN229) GBM cell line. METHODS We analyzed the effect of Ouabain on cell migration and plasma cell membrane potential (PCMP) in the LN229 and T98G GBM cell line as well as underlying mechanisms (Bcl-2 and p-Akt/pan-Akt expression). Moreover, we analyzed the anti-angiogenic effect of Ouabain on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS T98G cells showed a significant inhibition of cell migration and a significant depolarization of the PCMP at similar Ouabain concentrations (IC50 = 1.67 × 10-7 M) resp. (IC50 = 2.72 × 10-7 M) with a strong inverse correlation (R2 = 0.95). In contrast, LN229 cells did not respond to Ouabain in these assays at all. Similarly, only T98G but not LN229 cells revealed Bcl-2 down-regulation at nanomolar Ouabain concentrations. This unique response to Ouabain is associated with a down-regulation of pan-Akt in T98G cells 24 h after Ouabain (1.0 × 10-6 M) treatment. For the first time, the anti-angiogenic effect of Ouabain on HUVEC cells (IC50 = 5.49 × 10-8 M) was demonstrated which correlated strongly with the anti-migratory effect (R2 = 0.85). CONCLUSION The TMZ-resistant T98G cell line as compared to the TMZ-sensitive LN229 cell line shows a high sensitivity towards Ouabain. We consider it as a promising new compound especially in recurrent GBM to overcome the resistance to TMZ and irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Weidemann
- Clinic for Radiotherapy, HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Feger
- Reaction Biology Europe GmbH, Engesserstr.4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan E. Ehlert
- Reaction Biology Europe GmbH, Engesserstr.4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcus M. Menger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Robert C. Krempien
- Clinic for Radiotherapy, HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Quantitative ubiquitylomics reveals the ubiquitination regulation landscape in oral adenoid cystic carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229447. [PMID: 34350460 PMCID: PMC8385350 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an extremely rare salivary gland tumor with a poor prognosis and needs attention on molecular mechanisms. Protein ubiquitination is an evolutionarily conserved post-translational modification (PTM) for substrates degradation and controls diverse cellular functions. The broad cellular function of ubiquitination network holds great promise to detect potential targets and identify respective receptors. Novel technologies are discovered for in-depth research and characterization of the precise and dynamic regulation of ubiquitylomics in multiple cellular processes during cancer initiation, progression and treatment. In the present study, 4D label-free quantitative techniques of ubiquitination proteomics were used and we identified a total of 4152 ubiquitination sites in 1993 proteins. We also performed a systematic bioinformatics analysis for differential modified proteins and peptides containing quantitative information through the comparation between oral ACC (OACC) tumor with adjacent normal tissues, as well as the identification of eight protein clusters with motif analysis. Our findings offered an important reference of potential biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for ACC.
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Jochumsen MR, Sörensen J, Pedersen BG, Nyengaard JR, Krag SRP, Frøkiær J, Borre M, Bouchelouche K, Tolbod LP. Tumour blood flow for prediction of human prostate cancer aggressiveness: a study with Rubidium-82 PET, MRI and Na +/K +-ATPase-density. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:532-542. [PMID: 32808078 PMCID: PMC7835182 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumour blood flow (TBF) is a crucial determinant of cancer growth. Recently, we validated Rubidium-82 (82Rb) positron emission tomography (PET) for TBF measurement in prostate cancer (PCa) and found TBF and cancer aggressiveness positively correlated. The aims of the present study were to determine the ability of TBF for separating significant from insignificant PCa and to examine the relation to underlying Na+/K+-ATPase density, which is relevant as 82Rb is transported intracellularly via the Na+/K+-ATPase. METHODS One hundred and two patients were included for pelvic 82Rb PET scan prior to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided prostate biopsy. Findings constituted 100 PCa lesions (86 patients) and 25 benign lesions (16 patients). Tumours were defined on MRI and transferred to 82Rb PET for TBF measurement. Immunohistochemical Na+/K+-ATPase staining was subsequently performed on biopsies. RESULTS TBF was the superior predictor (rho = 0.68, p < 0.0001, inflammatory lesions excluded) of MRI-guided biopsy grade group (GG) over lowest apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value (rho = -0.23, p = 0.01), independent of ADC value and tumour volume (p < 0.0001). PET could separate GG-2-5 from GG-1 and benign lesions with an area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of 0.79, 96%, and 59%, respectively. For separating GG-3-5 from GG-1-2 and benign lesions the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.82, 95%, and 63%, respectively. Na+/K+-ATPase density per PCa cell profile was 38% lower compared with that of the benign prostate cell profiles. Neither cell density nor Na+/K+-ATPase density determined tumour 82Rb uptake. CONCLUSION TBF is an independent predictor of PCa aggressiveness and deserves more attention, as it may be valuable in separating clinically significant from insignificant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Ryø Jochumsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jens Sörensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bodil Ginnerup Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen Frøkiær
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Bouchelouche
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Poulsen Tolbod
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Almasi S, El Hiani Y. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Membrane Transport Proteins: Focus on Cancer and Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061624. [PMID: 32575381 PMCID: PMC7353007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the therapeutic efficacy of conventional anticancer drugs represents the best hope for cancer treatment. However, the shortage of druggable targets and the increasing development of anticancer drug resistance remain significant problems. Recently, membrane transport proteins have emerged as novel therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. These proteins are essential for a plethora of cell functions ranging from cell homeostasis to clinical drug toxicity. Furthermore, their association with carcinogenesis and chemoresistance has opened new vistas for pharmacology-based cancer research. This review provides a comprehensive update of our current knowledge on the functional expression profile of membrane transport proteins in cancer and chemoresistant tumours that may form the basis for new cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekoufeh Almasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON KIH 8M5, Canada;
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Floyd RV, Mobasheri A, Wray S. Gestation changes sodium pump isoform expression, leading to changes in ouabain sensitivity, contractility, and intracellular calcium in rat uterus. Physiol Rep 2018; 5. [PMID: 29208689 PMCID: PMC5727280 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental and tissue‐specific differences in isoforms allow Na+, K+‐ATPase function to be tightly regulated, as they control sensitivity to ions and inhibitors. Uterine contraction relies on the activity of the Na+, K+ATPase, which creates ionic gradients that drive excitation‐contraction coupling. It is unknown whether Na+, K+ATPase isoforms are regulated throughout pregnancy or whether they have a direct role in modulating uterine contractility. We hypothesized that gestation‐dependent differential expression of isoforms would affect contractile responses to Na+, K+ATPase α subunit inhibition with ouabain. Our aims were therefore: (1) to determine the gestation‐dependent expression of mRNA transcripts, protein abundance and tissue distribution of Na+, K+ATPase isoforms in myometrium; (2) to investigate the functional effects of differential isoform expression via ouabain sensitivity; and (3) if changes in contractile responses can be explained by changes in intracellular [Ca2+]. Changes in abundance and distribution of the Na+, K+ATPase α, β and FXYD1 and 2 isoforms, were studied in rat uterus from nonpregnant, and early, mid‐, and term gestation. All α, β subunit isoforms (1,2,3) and FXYD1 were detected but FXYD2 was absent. The α1 and β1 isoforms were unchanged throughout pregnancy, whereas α2 and α3 significant decreased at term while β2 and FXYD1 significantly increased from mid‐term onwards. These changes in expression correlated with increased functional sensitivity to ouabain, and parallel changes in intracellular Ca2+, measured with Indo‐1. In conclusion, gestation induces specific regulatory changes in expression of Na+, K+ATPase isoforms in the uterus which influence contractility and may be related to the physiological requirements for successful pregnancy and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V Floyd
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Wray
- The Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Molecular features and physiological roles of K +-Cl - cotransporter 4 (KCC4). Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3154-3166. [PMID: 28935604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A K+-Cl- cotransport system was documented for the first time during the mid-seventies in sheep and goat red blood cells. It was then described as a Na+-independent and ouabain-insensitive ion carrier that could be stimulated by cell swelling and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a thiol-reacting agent. Twenty years later, this system was found to be dispensed by four different isoforms in animal cells. The first one was identified in the expressed sequence tag (EST) database by Gillen et al. based on the assumption that it would be homologous to the Na+-dependent K+-Cl- cotransport system for which the molecular identity had already been uncovered. Not long after, the three other isoforms were once again identified in the EST databank. Among those, KCC4 has generated much interest a few years ago when it was shown to sustain distal renal acidification and hearing development in mouse. As will be seen in this review, many additional roles were ascribed to this isoform, in keeping with its wide distribution in animal species. However, some of them have still not been confirmed through animal models of gene inactivation or overexpression. Along the same line, considerable knowledge has been acquired on the mechanisms by which KCC4 is regulated and the environmental cues to which it is sensitive. Yet, it is inferred to some extent from historical views and extrapolations.
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Wang SH, Wang KL, Yang WK, Lee TH, Lo WY, Lee JD. Expression and potential roles of sodium-potassium ATPase and E-cadherin in human gastric adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183692. [PMID: 28832634 PMCID: PMC5568324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric adenocarcinoma originates from an abnormal epithelium. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of sodium-potassium ATPase (NKA), a transmembrane protein located in the epithelium for Na+ and K+ transportation, and E-cadherin, which are both crucial for the epithelium and adherens junction, as potential gastric cancer biomarkers. Methods 45 patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma were recruited. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were conducted to for localization of NKA α1-, β1-isoform, and E-cadherin. NKA enzyme activity was determined by NADH-linked methods and immunoblotting of NKA α1-, β1-isoform, and E-cadherin were performed to evaluate protein expression. Results Immunostaining revealed that NKA was co-localized with E-cadherin in the glands of the gastric epithelium. Both NKA activity and α1-isoform protein expression were reduced in the study group (P < 0.05), indicating impaired NKA functions. In the adherens junctions, the NKA β1-isoform and E-cadherin were significantly reduced in the study groups (P < 0.05), indicating the adhesion force between cells may have been weakened. Conclusions A significant decrease in NKA function (protein and activity) and E-cadherin in tumor lesions appear promising biomarker for gastric adenocarcinoma. Therefore, developing screening methods for detecting NKA function may be beneficial for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer. In our knowledge, this study was the first to investigate the NKA and E-cadherin expression in the relation of gastric adenocarcinoma in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ho Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Center for General Education, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuan-Lin Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Kai Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wan-Yu Lo
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jane-Dar Lee
- Department of Urology, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- * E-mail:
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Zhang D, Zhang P, Yang P, He Y, Wang X, Yang Y, Zhu H, Xu N, Liang S. Downregulation of ATP1A1 promotes cancer development in renal cell carcinoma. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:15. [PMID: 28484360 PMCID: PMC5418755 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant expression of Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunit (ATP1A1) is widely observed in multiple types of tumors, and its tissue-specific expression relates to cancer development. However, the functions and molecular mechanisms in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are not fully understood. METHODS We investigated the ATP1A1 expression changes and possible roles in RCC through a quantitative proteomic approach and an integrative biochemical assessment. We detected ATP1A1 in RCC with LC-MS/MS, and further validated its expression with immunohistochemical analyses of 80 pairs of the RCC tumor and non-tumor tissues samples. The association of ATP1A1 expression with RCC pathology was statistically analyzed. Cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8, boyden chamber assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was labeled with a single staining using a commercial kit, and was further detected with flow cytometry. RESULTS The ATP1A1 shows a significantly decreased expression in human RCC tissues than in the adjacent non-tumor tissues. The RCC patients with ATP1A1-positive expression exhibit longer overall survival time than the ATP1A1-negative patients. The exogenous overexpression of ATP1A1 inhibits RCC cell proliferation and cell migration by increasing the production of ROS. In addition, ATP1A1-mediated Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is suppressed in RCC cells, indicating the possible occurrence of induced cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro and in vivo data of ATP1A1 inhibitory roles in RCC progression suggest that ATP1A1 is a potential novel suppressor protein for renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17 Section 3, People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17 Section 3, People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17 Section 3, People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xixi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17 Section 3, People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17 Section 3, People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17 Section 3, People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shufang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17 Section 3, People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
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Frajese GV, Benvenuto M, Fantini M, Ambrosin E, Sacchetti P, Masuelli L, Giganti MG, Modesti A, Bei R. Potassium increases the antitumor effects of ascorbic acid in breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:4224-4234. [PMID: 27313770 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (A) has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-cancer activity in association with chemotherapeutic agents. Potassium (K) is a regulator of cellular proliferation. In the present study, the biological effects of A and K bicarbonate, alone or in combination (A+K), on breast cancer cell lines were evaluated. The survival of cancer cells was determined by sulforhodamine B cell proliferation assay, while analysis of the cell cycle distribution was conducted via fluorescence-activated cell sorting. In addition, the expression of signaling proteins was analyzed upon treatment. The results indicated that there was a heterogeneous response of the different cell lines to A and K, and the best effects were achieved by A+K and A treatment. The interaction between A+K indicated an additive or synergistic effect. In addition, A+K increased the percentage of cells in the sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle, and was the most effective treatment in activating the degradation of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1. In the breast cancer cell line MCF-7, A+K induced the appearance of the 18 kDa isoform of B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein (Bax), which is a more potent inducer of apoptosis than the full-length Bax-p21. The effects of A and K on the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1 and ERK2 were heterogeneous. In addition, treatment with K, A and A+K inhibited the expression of nuclear factor-κB. Overall, the results of the present study indicated that K potentiated the anti-tumoral effects of A in breast cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vanni Frajese
- Department of Sports Science, Human and Health, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome I-00135, Italy
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome I-00133, Italy
| | - Massimo Fantini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome I-00133, Italy
| | - Elena Ambrosin
- Department of Sports Science, Human and Health, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome I-00135, Italy
| | - Pamela Sacchetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome 'Sapienza', Rome I-00185, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome 'Sapienza', Rome I-00185, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Giganti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome I-00133, Italy
| | - Andrea Modesti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome I-00133, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome I-00133, Italy
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Baker Bechmann M, Rotoli D, Morales M, Maeso MDC, García MDP, Ávila J, Mobasheri A, Martín-Vasallo P. Na,K-ATPase Isozymes in Colorectal Cancer and Liver Metastases. Front Physiol 2016; 7:9. [PMID: 26858653 PMCID: PMC4731494 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to define Na,K-ATPase α and β subunit isoform expression and isozyme composition in colorectal cancer cells and liver metastases. The α1, α3, and β1 isoforms were the most highly expressed in tumor cells and metastases; in the plasma membrane of non-neoplastic cells and mainly in a cytoplasmic location in tumor cells. α1β1 and α3β1 isozymes found in tumor and metastatic cells exhibit the highest and lowest Na+ affinity respectively and the highest K+ affinity. Mesenchymal cell isozymes possess an intermediate Na+ affinity and a low K+ affinity. In cancer, these ions are likely to favor optimal conditions for the function of nuclear enzymes involved in mitosis, especially a high intra-nuclear K+ concentration. A major and striking finding of this study was that in liver, metastasized CRC cells express the α3β1 isozyme. Thus, the α3β1 isozyme could potentially serve as a novel exploratory biomarker of CRC metastatic cells in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Baker Bechmann
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Deborah Rotoli
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La LagunaSanta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, National Research CouncilNaples, Italy
| | - Manuel Morales
- Service of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de CandelariaSanta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Medical Oncology, Hospiten HospitalsSanta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Maeso
- Service of Pathology, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Julio Ávila
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of SurreyGuildford, UK; Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pablo Martín-Vasallo
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Cherniavsky Lev M, Karlish SJD, Garty H. Cardiac glycosides induced toxicity in human cells expressing α1-, α2-, or α3-isoforms of Na-K-ATPase. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C126-35. [PMID: 25994790 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00089.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Na+-K+-ATPase is specifically inhibited by cardiac glycosides, some of which may also function as endogenous mammalian hormones. Previous studies using Xenopus oocytes, yeast cells, or purified isoforms demonstrated that affinities of various cardiac glycosides for three isoforms of the Na+-K+-ATPase (α1-α3β1) may differ, a finding with potential clinical implication. The present study investigates isoform selectivity and effects of cardiac glycosides on cultured mammalian cells under more physiological conditions. H1299 cells (non-small cell lung carcinoma) were engineered to express only one α-isoform (α1, α2, or α3) by combining stable transfection of isoforms and silencing endogenous α1. Cardiac glycoside binding was measured by displacement of bound 3H-ouabain. The experiments confirm moderate α1/α3:α2 selectivity of ouabain, moderate α2:α1 selectivity of digoxin, and enhanced α2:α1 selectivity of synthetic derivatives (Katz A, Tal DM, Heller D, Haviv H, Rabah B, Barkana Y, Marcovich AL, Karlish SJD. J Biol Chem 289: 21153-21162, 2014). Relative α2:α1 selectivity of digoxin vs. ouabain was also manifested by enhanced internalization of α2 in response to digoxin. Cellular proliferation assays of H1299 cells confirmed the patterns of α2:α1 selectivity for ouabain, digoxin, and a synthetic derivative and reveal a crucial role of surface pump density on sensitivity to cardiac glycosides. Because cardiac glycosides are being considered as drugs for treatment of cancer, effects of ouabain on proliferation of 12 cancer and noncancer cell lines, with variable plasma membrane expression of α1, have been tested. These demonstrated that sensitivity to ouabain indeed depends linearly on the plasma membrane surface density of Na+-K+-ATPase irrespective of status, malignant or nonmalignant.
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Weidemann H. "The Lower Threshold" phenomenon in tumor cells toward endogenous digitalis-like compounds: Responsible for tumorigenesis? J Carcinog 2012; 11:2. [PMID: 22438768 PMCID: PMC3307333 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.92999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their first discovery as potential anti-cancer drugs decades ago, there is increasing evidence that digitalis-like compounds (DLC) have anti-tumor effects. Less is known about endogenous DLC (EDLC) metabolism and regulation. As stress hormones synthesized in and secreted from the adrenal gland, they likely take part in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In a previous study, we revealed reduced EDLC concentrations in plasma and organs from immune-compromised animals and proposed that a similar situation of a deregulated HPA axis with "adrenal EDLF exhaustion" may contribute to tumorigenesis in chronic stress situations. Here, we put forward the hypothesis that a lowered EDLC response threshold of tumor cells as compared with normal cells increases the risk of tumorigenesis, especially in those individuals with reduced EDLC plasma concentrations after chronic stress exposure. We will evaluate this hypothesis by (a) summarizing the effects of different DLC concentrations on tumor as compared with normal cells and (b) reviewing some essential differences in the Na/K-ATPase of tumor as compared with normal cells (isoform pattern, pump activity, mutations of other signalosome receptors). We will conclude that (1) tumor cells, indeed, seem to have their individual "physiologic" EDLC response range that already starts at pmolar levels and (2) that individuals with markedly reduced (pmolar) EDLC plasma levels are predisposed to cancer because these EDLC concentrations will predominantly stimulate the proliferation of tumor cells. Finally, we will summarize preliminary results from our department supporting this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Weidemann
- Department of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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13
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Croci S, Bruni L, Bussolati S, Castaldo M, Dondi M. Potassium bicarbonate and D-ribose effects on A72 canine and HTB-126 human cancer cell line proliferation in vitro. Cancer Cell Int 2011; 11:30. [PMID: 21859451 PMCID: PMC3173286 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-11-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The synergic action of KHCO3 and D-ribose is tested on A72 and HTB-126 cell lines proliferation using K:D-Rib solution. Altered Na+/K+ ATPase expression and activity were shown in patients with cancer. Studies in human epithelial-derived malignancies indicate that K+ depletion also occurs, contributing to the increased intracellular Na+/K+ ratio [1]. D-ribose transformed to piruvate, enters into the Krebs's cycle and has a key role on energetic metabolism. The up-regulation of glycolysis in tumor cells is already well known and it is the rationale of F18-FDG PET diagnostic technique. D-ribose is synthesized by the non-oxidative transketolase PPP reaction. Results Results with different K:D-Rib concentrations show that MTT salt interferes with K:D-Rib solution and therefore this method is not reliable. The UV/VIS measurements show that K:D-Rib solutions reduce MTT salt to formazan in absence of cells. Cell proliferation has then been evaluated analysing the digital photos of the Giemsa stained cells with MCID™ software. At 5 mM K:D-Rib concentration, the cell growth arrests between 48 h and 72 h; in fact the cell number after 48 h is around the same with respect to the control after 72 h. In case of HTB-126 human cancer cells, the growth rate was valuated counting the splitting times during 48 days: control cells were split sixteen times while 5 mM treated cells eleven times. Most relevant, the clonogenic assay shows that nine colonies are formed in the control cells while only one is formed in the 5 mM and none in 10 mM treated cells. Conclusions The K:D-Rib solution has an antioxidant behaviour also at low concentrations. Incubation with 5 mM K:D-Rib solution on A72 cells shows a cytostatic effect at 5 mM, but it needs more than 24 h of incubation time to evidence this effect on cell proliferation. At the same concentration on human HTB-126 cells, K:D-Rib solution shows a clear replication slowing but the cytostatic effect at 10 mM K:D-Rib solution only. Results on A72 cells indicate the K+ uptake could be determinant either to arrest or to slow down cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Croci
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Fisica, University of Parma Via Volturno 39, Parma, Italy.
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Prasad K, Prabhu GK. Image analysis tools for evaluation of microscopic views of immunohistochemically stained specimen in medical research-a review. J Med Syst 2011; 36:2621-31. [PMID: 21584771 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-011-9737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to review the methods being used for image analysis of microscopic views of immunohistochemically stained specimen in medical research. The solutions available range from general purpose software to commercial packages. Many studies have developed their own custom written programs based on some general purpose software available. Many groups have reported development of computer aided image analysis programs aiming at obtaining faster, simpler and cheaper solutions. Image analysis tools namely Aperio, Lucia, Metaview, Metamorph, ImageJ, Scion, Adobe Photoshop, Image Pro Plus are also used for evaluation of expressions using immunohistochemical staining. An overview of such methods used for image analysis is provided in this paper. This study concludes that there is good scope for development of freely available software for staining intensity quantification, which a medical researcher could easily use without requiring high level computer skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Prasad
- Manipal Centre for Information Science, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
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15
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Prasad K, Prabhu GK. Image analysis tools for evaluation of microscopic views of immunohistochemically stained specimen in medical research-a review. J Med Syst 2011. [PMID: 21584771 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-011-9737-7.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to review the methods being used for image analysis of microscopic views of immunohistochemically stained specimen in medical research. The solutions available range from general purpose software to commercial packages. Many studies have developed their own custom written programs based on some general purpose software available. Many groups have reported development of computer aided image analysis programs aiming at obtaining faster, simpler and cheaper solutions. Image analysis tools namely Aperio, Lucia, Metaview, Metamorph, ImageJ, Scion, Adobe Photoshop, Image Pro Plus are also used for evaluation of expressions using immunohistochemical staining. An overview of such methods used for image analysis is provided in this paper. This study concludes that there is good scope for development of freely available software for staining intensity quantification, which a medical researcher could easily use without requiring high level computer skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Prasad
- Manipal Centre for Information Science, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
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16
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Chitra S, Shyamaladevi CS. Modulatory Action of α-Tocopherol on Erythrocyte Membrane Adenosine Triphosphatase against Radiation Damage in Oral Cancer. J Membr Biol 2011; 240:83-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-011-9346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Iyer AKV, Zhou M, Azad N, Elbaz H, Wang L, Rogalsky DK, Rojanasakul Y, O'Doherty GA, Langenhan JM. A Direct Comparison of the Anticancer Activities of Digitoxin MeON-Neoglycosides and O-Glycosides: Oligosaccharide Chain Length-Dependent Induction of Caspase-9-Mediated Apoptosis. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:326-330. [PMID: 21103068 DOI: 10.1021/ml1000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Digitoxin is a cardiac glycoside currently being investigated for potential use in oncology. While a number of structure-activity relationship studies have been conducted, an investigation of anticancer activity as a function of oligosaccharide chain length has not yet been performed. We generated mono-, di-, and tri-O-digitoxoside derivatives of digitoxin and compared their activity to the corresponding MeON-neoglycosides. Both classes of cardenolide derivatives display comparable oligosaccharide chain length-dependent cytotoxicity toward human cancer cell lines. Further investigation revealed that both classes of compounds induce caspase-9-mediated apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NCI-H460). Since O-glycosides and MeON-neoglycosides share a similar mode of action, the convenience of MeON-neoglycosylation could be exploited in future SAR work to rapidly survey large numbers of carbohydrates to prioritize selected O-glycoside candidates for traditional synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neelam Azad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668
| | | | | | - Derek K. Rogalsky
- Department of Chemistry, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington 98122
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18
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Freeman A, Hetzel U, Cripps P, Mobasheri A. Expression of the plasma membrane markers aquaporin 1 (AQP1), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and Na, K-ATPase in canine mammary glands and mammary tumours. Vet J 2010; 185:90-3. [PMID: 20570191 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the expression of the plasma membrane markers aquaporin 1 (AQP1), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and the alpha1 subunit of Na, K-ATPase in normal canine mammary glands and in benign and malignant mammary tumours, using immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative histomorphometry. AQP1 immunoreactivity was absent from the majority of specimens studied. GLUT1 immunoreactivity was observed in normal mammary tissue and particularly in the epithelial and mesenchymal cells of benign, and in the epithelial cells of malignant tumours, respectively. Na, K-ATPase immunoreactivity was present in normal and neoplastic mammary epithelium and was significantly increased in the epithelium of both benign and malignant tumours. These results suggest that GLUT1 is more highly expressed in neoplastic epithelium and mesenchyme and that Na, K-ATPase is more highly expressed in neoplastic mammary epithelium. In consequence, these membrane proteins may have potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of canine mammary neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Freeman
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK
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Rajasekaran SA, Huynh TP, Wolle DG, Espineda CE, Inge LJ, Skay A, Lassman C, Nicholas SB, Harper JF, Reeves AE, Ahmed MM, Leatherman JM, Mullin JM, Rajasekaran AK. Na,K-ATPase subunits as markers for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer and fibrosis. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:1515-24. [PMID: 20501797 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important developmental process, participates in tissue repair, and occurs during pathologic processes of tumor invasiveness, metastasis, and tissue fibrosis. The molecular mechanisms leading to EMT are poorly understood. Although it is well documented that transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta plays a central role in the induction of EMT, the targets of TGF-beta signaling are poorly defined. We have shown earlier that Na,K-ATPase beta(1)-subunit levels are highly reduced in poorly differentiated kidney carcinoma cells in culture and in patients' tumor samples. In this study, we provide evidence that Na,K-ATPase is a new target of TGF-beta(1)-mediated EMT in renal epithelial cells, a model system used in studies of both cancer progression and fibrosis. We show that following treatment with TGF-beta(1), the surface expression of the beta(1)-subunit of Na,K-ATPase is reduced, before well-characterized EMT markers, and is associated with the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype. RNAi-mediated knockdown confirmed the specific involvement of the Na,K-ATPase beta(1)-subunit in the loss of the epithelial phenotype and exogenous overexpression of the Na,K-ATPase beta(1)-subunit attenuated TGF-beta(1)-mediated EMT. We further show that both Na,K-ATPase alpha- and beta-subunit levels are highly reduced in renal fibrotic tissues. These findings reveal for the first time that Na,K-ATPase is a target of TGF-beta(1)-mediated EMT and is associated with the progression of EMT in cancer and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid A Rajasekaran
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, USA.
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Abstract
Solid tumours invariably exhibit regions of hypoxia and up-regulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that trigger multiple signal pathways, including those that govern cell proliferation, survival and motility, ultimately contributing to oncogenesis. Although past studies have shown hypoxia-dependent transcriptional and translational induction of several RTK expression and their respective ligands, recent evidence suggests that hypoxia regulates RTK signalling through endocytosis, a major deactivation pathway of RTKs. Hypoxia-mediated endocytosis is also thought to modulate the activity of a growing list of other membrane-associated proteins such as integrins and Na,K-ATPase. These recent discoveries underscore the emergence of endocytosis as an important hypoxia-mediated regulatory process in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Floyd RV, Wray S, Quenby S, Martín-Vasallo P, Mobasheri A. Expression and distribution of Na, K-ATPase isoforms in the human uterus. Reprod Sci 2010; 17:366-76. [PMID: 20065300 DOI: 10.1177/1933719109355196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Na, K-ATPase activity relies on the composition of its catalytic alpha, beta, and FXYD constituents, all of which are expressed as multiple isoforms (4alpha, 4beta, and 7 FXYD). We used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry to study Na, K-ATPase expression in uterine samples from nonlaboring elective and laboring emergency caesarean sections (CSs). Transcripts of alpha1 to 3, beta1 to 3, and FXYD1 isoforms were detected in all samples, but FXYD2 was only present in hysterectomy samples. Abundant immunoreactivity of alpha1 and moderate alpha2 was localized in myometrial smooth muscle and secretory glands of all groups. Smooth muscle and gland epithelia showed diffuse cytoplasmic alpha3 immunoreactivity. beta isoforms were detected in all groups but beta3 showed much denser immunoreactivity in myometrial samples taken from women in labor. In pregnancy, there was a switch in isoform expression, resulting in increased beta3 and decreased FXYD2 at the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. Na, K-ATPase isoform alterations may modulate uterine contractility during labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V Floyd
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
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22
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Floyd RV, Wray S, Martín-Vasallo P, Mobasheri A. Differential cellular expression of FXYD1 (phospholemman) and FXYD2 (gamma subunit of Na, K-ATPase) in normal human tissues: a study using high density human tissue microarrays. Ann Anat 2009; 192:7-16. [PMID: 19879113 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
FXYD proteins have been proposed to function as regulators of Na, K-ATPase function by lowering affinities of the system for potassium and sodium. However, their distribution in normal human tissues has not been studied. We have therefore used immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative histomorphometric analysis to determine the relative expression at the protein level and distribution of FXYD1 (phospholemman) and FXYD2 (gamma subunit of Na, K-ATPase) in human Tissue MicroArrays (TMAs). Expression of FXYD1 was abundant in heart, kidney, placenta, skeletal muscle, gastric and anal mucosa, small intestine and colon. Lower FXYD1 expression was detected in uterine, intestinal and bladder smooth muscle, choroid plexus, liver, gallbladder, spleen, breast, prostate and epididymis. The tissue distribution of FXYD2 was less extensive compared to that of FXYD1. There was an abundant expression in kidney and choroid plexus and moderate expression in placenta, amniotic membranes, breast epithelium, salivary glands, pancreas and uterine endometrium. Weaker FXYD2 expression was detected in the adrenal medulla, liver, gallbladder, bladder and pancreas. The common denominator in the distribution of FXYD1 and FXYD2 was expression in highly active transport epithelia of the kidney, choroid plexus, placenta and salivary glands. This study reveals, in human tissues, the specific expression of FXYD proteins, which may associate with Na, K-ATPase in selected cell types and modulate its catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V Floyd
- Physiological Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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23
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Yang P, Menter DG, Cartwright C, Chan D, Dixon S, Suraokar M, Mendoza G, Llansa N, Newman RA. Oleandrin-mediated inhibition of human tumor cell proliferation: importance of Na,K-ATPase alpha subunits as drug targets. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:2319-28. [PMID: 19671733 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides such as oleandrin are known to inhibit the Na,K-ATPase pump, resulting in a consequent increase in calcium influx in heart muscle. Here, we investigated the effect of oleandrin on the growth of human and mouse cancer cells in relation to Na,K-ATPase subunits. Oleandrin treatment resulted in selective inhibition of human cancer cell growth but not rodent cell proliferation, which corresponded to the relative level of Na,K-ATPase alpha3 subunit protein expression. Human pancreatic cancer cell lines were found to differentially express varying levels of alpha3 protein, but rodent cancer cells lacked discernable expression of this Na,K-ATPase isoform. A correlation was observed between the ratio of alpha3 to alpha1 isoforms and the level of oleandrin uptake during inhibition of cell growth and initiation of cell death; the higher the alpha3 expression relative to alpha1 expression, the more sensitive the cell was to treatment with oleandrin. Inhibition of proliferation of Panc-1 cells by oleandrin was significantly reduced when the relative expression of alpha3 was decreased by knocking down the expression of alpha3 isoform with alpha3 siRNA or increasing expression of the alpha1 isoform through transient transfection of alpha1 cDNA to the cells. Our data suggest that the relative lack of alpha3 (relative to alpha1) in rodent and some human tumor cells may explain their unresponsiveness to cardiac glycosides. In conclusion, the relatively higher expression of alpha3 with the limited expression of alpha1 may help predict which human tumors are likely to be responsive to treatment with potent lipid-soluble cardiac glycosides such as oleandrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Yang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
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24
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Mollineau WM, Adogwa AO, Garcia GW. The gross and micro anatomy of the accessory sex glands of the male agouti (Dasyprocta leporina). Anat Histol Embryol 2008; 38:204-7. [PMID: 19007350 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2008.00922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was a follow up to the study on the gross anatomy of the male agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) reproductive system. The seminal vesicles of the agouti are lobulated structures. The mean diameter of the large lumen is 883.6 +/- 76.83 microm. The mucosa (24.1 +/- 0.92 microm), which is lined by pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium is thrown into folds, which often branch. The lamina muscularis mucosa is thin and is made of loose connective tissue containing blood vessels. The mucosa of the leaf-like coagulating glands of the agouti is folded. The mean diameter of the lumen is 488.3 +/- 41.96 microm. The mucosa contains tubuloalveolar glands, which have a mean length of 199.5 +/- 28.83 microm. The thin epithelium, 15.0 +/- 1.25-microm wide, consists mostly of pseudo-stratified columnar cells. The epithelium also has surface modifications in the form of apical blebs and cilia. The epithelium of the agouti's lobulated prostate gland is also folded creating a large lumen with a mean diameter of 995.5 +/- 55.70 microm. The mucosa contains tubular and tubuloalveolar glands, each having a mean length of 134.4 +/- 13.59 microm. The epithelium (13.9 +/- 1.16 microm) consists of pseudo-stratified columnar cells. The pea-shaped bulbourethral gland (BG) of the agouti consists of convoluted tubular, mucous secretory units, which are irregularly shaped each with a mean length of 177.9 +/- 7.10 microm and a mean width of 63.5 +/- 3.97 microm. The BG of the agouti are ventro-lateral to the rectum and dorsally positioned to the pubic symphysis, and connected to the urethra by short ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Mollineau
- Postgraduate Student, The Open Tropical Forage-Animal Production Laboratory, Department of Food, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies.
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25
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Miller TJ, Davis PB. FXYD5 modulates Na+ absorption and is increased in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 294:L654-64. [PMID: 18263667 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00430.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
FXYD5, also known as dysadherin, belongs to a family of tissue-specific regulators of the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. We determined the kinetic effects of FXYD5 on Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase pump activity in stably transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. FXYD5 significantly increased the apparent affinity for Na(+) twofold and decreased the apparent affinity for K(+) by 60% with a twofold increase in V(max) of K(+), a pattern that would increase activity and Na(+) removal from the cell. To test the effect of increased Na(+) uptake on FXYD5 expression, we analyzed Madin-Darby canine kidney cells stably transfected with an inducible vector expressing all three subunits of the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC). Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity increased sixfold after 48-h ENaC induction, but FXYD5 expression decreased 75%. FXYD5 expression was also decreased in lung epithelia from mice that overexpress ENaC, suggesting that chronic Na(+) absorption by itself downregulates epithelial FXYD5 expression. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) display ENaC-mediated hyperabsorption of Na(+) in the airways, accompanied by increased Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity. However, FXYD5 was significantly increased in the lungs and nasal epithelium of CF mice as assessed by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblot analysis (P < 0.001). FXYD5 was also upregulated in nasal scrapings from human CF patients compared with controls (P < 0.02). Treatment of human tracheal epithelial cells with a CFTR inhibitor (I-172) confirmed that loss of CFTR function correlated with increased FXYD5 expression (P < 0.001), which was abrogated by an inhibitor of NF-kappaB. Thus FXYD5 is upregulated in CF epithelia, and this change may exacerbate the Na(+) hyperabsorption and surface liquid dehydration observed in CF airway epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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26
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Chen Y, Cai T, Yang C, Turner DA, Giovannucci DR, Xie Z. Regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated calcium release by the Na/K-ATPase in cultured renal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2007; 283:1128-36. [PMID: 17993456 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708025200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that the Na/K-ATPase alpha1 subunit interacts directly with inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP(3)) receptors. In this study we tested whether this interaction is required for extracellular stimuli to efficiently regulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) release. Using cultured pig kidney LLC-PK1 cells as a model, we demonstrated that graded knockdown of the cellular Na/K-ATPase alpha1 subunit resulted in a parallel attenuation of ATP-induced ER Ca(2+) release. When the knockdown cells were rescued by knocking in a rat alpha1, the expression of rat alpha1 restored not only the cellular Na/K-ATPase but also ATP-induced ER Ca(2+) release. Mechanistically, this defect in ATP-induced ER Ca(2+) release was neither due to the changes in the amount or the function of cellular IP(3) and P2Y receptors nor the ER Ca(2+) content. However, the alpha1 knockdown did redistribute cellular IP(3) receptors. The pool of IP(3) receptors that resided close to the plasma membrane was abolished. Because changes in the plasma membrane proximity could reduce the efficiency of signal transmission from P2Y receptors to the ER, we further determined the dose-dependent effects of ATP on protein kinase Cepsilon activation and ER Ca(2+) release. The data showed that the alpha1 knockdown de-sensitized the ATP-induced ER Ca(2+) release but not PKCepsilon activation. Moreover, expression of the N terminus of Na/K-ATPase alpha1 subunit not only disrupted the formation of the Na/K-ATPase-IP(3) receptor complex but also abolished the ATP-induced Ca(2+) release. Finally, we observed that the alpha1 knockdown was also effective in attenuating ER Ca(2+) release provoked by angiotensin II and epidermal growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
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Kulikov A, Eva A, Kirch U, Boldyrev A, Scheiner-Bobis G. Ouabain activates signaling pathways associated with cell death in human neuroblastoma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2007; 1768:1691-702. [PMID: 17524349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS) like ouabain are not only specific inhibitors of the sodium pump (Na(+),K(+)-ATPase), they also can influence various cytosolic signaling events in a hormone-like manner. In the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y ouabain triggers multiple signaling pathways. Within 30 min of incubation with 1 or 10 microM ouabain, SH-SY5Y cells generate reactive oxygen species to a level approximately 50% above control and show a modest but significant elevation in cytosolic [Ca(2+)] of about 25%. After 6 h of exposure, ouabain stimulates a series of anti-apoptotic actions in SH-SY5Y cells, including concentration-dependent phosphorylation of Erk1/2, Akt, and Bad. Nevertheless, at the same time this CTS also induces a series of events that inhibit retinoic acid-induced neuritogenesis and promote cell death. Both of these latter phenomena are possibly associated with the observed ouabain-induced reduction in the abundance of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-XL and Bcl-2. In addition, ouabain treatment results in cytochrome c release into the cytosol and induces activation of caspase 3, events that point towards the stimulation of apoptotic pathways that are probably enhanced by the stimulation of p53 phosphorylation at Ser15 also observed in this study. These pathways may eventually lead to cell death: treatment with 10 nM ouabain results in a 20% decrease in cell number after 4 days of incubation and treatment with 1 microM ouabain decreases cells number by about 75%. The results obtained here emphasize the importance of further research in order to elucidate the various signalling cascades triggered by ouabain and possibly other CTS that are used in the treatment of heart failure and to identify their primary receptor(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Kulikov
- Institut für Biochemie und Endokrinologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Frankfurter Str. 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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Nesher M, Shpolansky U, Rosen H, Lichtstein D. The digitalis-like steroid hormones: new mechanisms of action and biological significance. Life Sci 2007; 80:2093-2107. [PMID: 17499813 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Digitalis-like compounds (DLC) are a family of steroid hormones synthesized in and released from the adrenal gland. DLC, the structure of which resembles that of plant cardiac glycosides, bind to and inhibit the activity of the ubiquitous cell surface enzyme Na(+), K(+)-ATPase. However, there is a large body of evidence suggesting that the regulation of ion transport by Na(+), K(+)-ATPase is not the only physiological role of DLC. The binding of DLC to Na(+), K(+)-ATPase induces the activation of various signal transduction cascades that activate changes in intracellular Ca(++) homeostasis, and in specific gene expression. These, in turn, stimulate endocytosis and affect cell growth and proliferation. At the systemic level, DLC were shown to be involved in the regulation of major physiological parameters including water and salt homeostasis, cardiac contractility and rhythm, systemic blood pressure and behavior. Furthermore, the DLC system has been implicated in several pathological conditions, including cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, cancer and depressive disorders. This review evaluates the evidence for the different aspects of DLC action and delineates open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoz Nesher
- Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Uri Shpolansky
- Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haim Rosen
- The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Lichtstein
- Department of Physiology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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