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Liang Y, Figueroa-Miranda G, Tanner JA, Huang F, Offenhäusser A, Mayer D. Highly sensitive detection of malaria biomarker through matching channel and gate capacitance of integrated organic electrochemical transistors. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115712. [PMID: 37816283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) possess versatile advantages for biochemical and electrophysiological applications due to electrochemical gating and ion-to-electron conversion capability. Although OECTs have been successfully applied for biochemical sensing, the effect of relative capacitance for specific sensing events is still unclear. In the present work, we design integrated interdigitated OECTs (iOECTs) with on-plane gold gate and different channel geometries for point-of-care diagnosis of malaria using aptamer as receptor. The transconductance of the iOECTs gated with micro-size gold electrodes decreased with increasing the channel thicknesses, especially for devices with large channel areas, which is inconsistent with devices gated by typical Ag/AgCl electrodes, attributing to the limited gating efficiency of the micro-size gate electrode. The capacitance of gate electrode was heavily suppressed by receptors but increased with the incubation of targets. In addition, the integrated iOECTs with thin channels exhibited superior sensitivity for malaria detection with the detection limit as low as 3.2 aM, much lower than their thick channel counterpart and other state-of-the-art biosensors. These deviations could be caused by the high relative capacitances, with respect to the gate and channel capacitance (Cg/Cch), resulting in a high gate potential drop over the organic channel and thus entirely gating on the thin channel device. These findings provide guidance to optimize the geometry of OECT devices with on-chip integrated gates and the fabrication of miniaturized OECTs for biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Liang
- Guangdong Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510335, Guangdong, China; Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelecronics IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Gabriela Figueroa-Miranda
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelecronics IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Julian Alexander Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelecronics IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelecronics IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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Wu J, Tang J, Wang W, Chen G, He X, Xu S, Cao Y, Gu Y, Zhu G, Cao J. Poor performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of Plasmodium malariae among returned international travellers in China. Malar J 2023; 22:163. [PMID: 37226272 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is a worldwide infectious disease. For countries that have achieved malaria elimination, the prevention of re-establishment due to infections in returned travellers has become important. The accurate and timely diagnosis of malaria is the key in preventing re-establishment, and malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are frequently used due to their convenience. However, the RDT performance in Plasmodium malariae (P. malariae) infection diagnosis remains unknown. METHODS This study analysed epidemiological features and diagnosis patterns of imported P. malariae cases from 2013 to 2020 in Jiangsu Province and evaluated the sensitivity of four parasite enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH)-targeting RDTs (Wondfo, SD BIONLINE, CareStart and BioPerfectus) and one aldolase-targeting RDT(BinaxNOW) for P. malariae detection. Furthermore, influential factors were investigated, including parasitaemia load, pLDH concentration and target gene polymorphisms. RESULTS The median duration from symptom onset to diagnosis among patients with P. malariae infection was 3 days, which was longer than that with Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) infection. The RDTs had a low detection rate (39/69, 56.5%) among P. malariae cases. All tested RDT brands had poor performance in P. malariae detection. All the brands except the worst-performing SD BIOLINE, achieved 75% sensitivity only when the parasite density was higher than 5000 parasites/μL. Both pLDH and aldolase showed relatively conserved and low gene polymorphism rates. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of imported P. malariae cases was delayed. The RDTs had poor performance in P. malariae diagnosis and may threaten the prevention of malaria re-establishment from returned travellers. The improved RDTs or nucleic acid tests for P. malariae cases are urgently needed for the detection of imported cases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Wu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxia Tang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Gangcheng Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoqin He
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sui Xu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Yaping Gu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Guoding Zhu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China.
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China.
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Brosseau NE, Vallée I, Mayer-Scholl A, Ndao M, Karadjian G. Aptamer-Based Technologies for Parasite Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23020562. [PMID: 36679358 PMCID: PMC9867382 DOI: 10.3390/s23020562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Centuries of scientific breakthroughs have brought us closer to understanding and managing the spread of parasitic diseases. Despite ongoing technological advancements in the detection, treatment, and control of parasitic illnesses, their effects on animal and human health remain a major concern worldwide. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides whose unique three-dimensional structures enable them to interact with high specificity and affinity to a wide range of targets. In recent decades, aptamers have emerged as attractive alternatives to antibodies as therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Due to their superior stability, reusability, and modifiability, aptamers have proven to be effective bioreceptors for the detection of toxins, contaminants, biomarkers, whole cells, pathogens, and others. As such, they have been integrated into a variety of electrochemical, fluorescence, and optical biosensors to effectively detect whole parasites and their proteins. This review offers a summary of the various types of parasite-specific aptamer-based biosensors, their general mechanisms and their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Emerson Brosseau
- UMR BIPAR, Anses, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health (IDIGH) Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Isabelle Vallée
- UMR BIPAR, Anses, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne Mayer-Scholl
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Momar Ndao
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health (IDIGH) Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Grégory Karadjian
- UMR BIPAR, Anses, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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4
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Delineating charge and capacitance transduction in system-integrated graphene-based BioFETs used as aptasensors for malaria detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 208:114219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Aggarwal S, Peng WK, Srivastava S. Multi-Omics Advancements towards Plasmodium vivax Malaria Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:2222. [PMID: 34943459 PMCID: PMC8700291 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax malaria is one of the most lethal infectious diseases, with 7 million infections annually. One of the roadblocks to global malaria elimination is the lack of highly sensitive, specific, and accurate diagnostic tools. The absence of diagnostic tools in particular has led to poor differentiation among parasite species, poor prognosis, and delayed treatment. The improvement necessary in diagnostic tools can be broadly grouped into two categories: technologies-driven and omics-driven progress over time. This article discusses the recent advancement in omics-based malaria for identifying the next generation biomarkers for a highly sensitive and specific assay with a rapid and antecedent prognosis of the disease. We summarize the state-of-the-art diagnostic technologies, the key challenges, opportunities, and emerging prospects of multi-omics-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Aggarwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Weng Kung Peng
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Building A1, University Innovation Park, Dongguan 523808, China
- Precision Medicine-Engineering Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India;
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6
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Dembele L, Aniweh Y, Diallo N, Sogore F, Sangare CPO, Haidara AS, Traore A, Diakité SAS, Diakite M, Campo B, Awandare GA, Djimde AA. Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium falciparum comparative susceptibility to antimalarial drugs in Mali. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:2079-2087. [PMID: 34021751 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate Plasmodium malariae susceptibility to current and lead candidate antimalarial drugs. METHODS We conducted cross-sectional screening and detection of all Plasmodium species malaria cases, which were nested within a longitudinal prospective study, and an ex vivo assessment of efficacy of a panel of antimalarials against P. malariae and Plasmodium falciparum, both PCR-confirmed mono-infections. Reference compounds tested included chloroquine, lumefantrine, artemether and piperaquine, while candidate antimalarials included the imidazolopiperazine GNF179, a close analogue of KAF156, and the Plasmodium phosphatidylinositol-4-OH kinase (PI4K)-specific inhibitor KDU691. RESULTS We report a high frequency (3%-15%) of P. malariae infections with a significant reduction in ex vivo susceptibility to chloroquine, lumefantrine and artemether, which are the current frontline drugs against P. malariae infections. Unlike these compounds, potent inhibition of P. malariae and P. falciparum was observed with piperaquine exposure. Furthermore, we evaluated advanced lead antimalarial compounds. In this regard, we identified strong inhibition of P. malariae using GNF179, a close analogue of KAF156 imidazolopiperazines, which is a novel class of antimalarial drug currently in clinical Phase IIb testing. Finally, in addition to GNF179, we demonstrated that the Plasmodium PI4K-specific inhibitor KDU691 is highly inhibitory against P. malariae and P. falciparum. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that chloroquine, lumefantrine and artemether may not be suitable for the treatment of P. malariae infections and the potential of piperaquine, as well as new antimalarials imidazolopiperazines and PI4K-specific inhibitor, for P. malariae cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dembele
- Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB); Point G, P.O. Box: 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - Yaw Aniweh
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Volta Road, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Nouhoum Diallo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB); Point G, P.O. Box: 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - Fanta Sogore
- Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB); Point G, P.O. Box: 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - Cheick Papa Oumar Sangare
- Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB); Point G, P.O. Box: 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - Aboubecrin Sedhigh Haidara
- Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB); Point G, P.O. Box: 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - Aliou Traore
- Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB); Point G, P.O. Box: 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - Seidina A S Diakité
- Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB); Point G, P.O. Box: 1805, Bamako, Mali.,West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Volta Road, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mahamadou Diakite
- Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB); Point G, P.O. Box: 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - Brice Campo
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) ICC Building Entrance G, 3rd floor Route de Pré-Bois 20 Post Box 1826 CH-1215, Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Gordon A Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Volta Road, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Abdoulaye A Djimde
- Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB); Point G, P.O. Box: 1805, Bamako, Mali
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7
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Nolasco O, Montoya J, Rosales Rosas AL, Barrientos S, Rosanas-Urgell A, Gamboa D. Multicopy targets for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum detection by colorimetric LAMP. Malar J 2021; 20:225. [PMID: 34011373 PMCID: PMC8135177 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for malaria diagnosis at the point of care (POC) depends on the detection capacity of synthesized nucleic acids and the specificity of the amplification target. To improve malaria diagnosis, new colorimetric LAMP tests were developed using multicopy targets for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum detection. METHODS The cytochrome oxidase I (COX1) mitochondrial gene and the non-coding sequence Pvr47 for P. vivax, and the sub-telomeric sequence of erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (EMP1) and the non-coding sequence Pfr364 for P. falciparum were targeted to design new LAMP primers. The limit of detection (LOD) of each colorimetric LAMP was established and assessed with DNA extracted by mini spin column kit and the Boil & Spin method from 28 microscopy infections, 101 malaria submicroscopic infections detected by real-time PCR only, and 183 negatives infections by both microscopy and PCR. RESULTS The LODs for the colorimetric LAMPs were estimated between 2.4 to 3.7 parasites/µL of whole blood. For P. vivax detection, the colorimetric LAMP using the COX1 target showed a better performance than the Pvr47 target, whereas the Pfr364 target was the most specific for P. falciparum detection. All microscopic infections of P. vivax were detected by PvCOX1-LAMP using the mini spin column kit DNA extraction method and 81% (17/21) were detected using Boil & Spin sample preparation. Moreover, all microscopic infections of P. falciparum were detected by Pfr364-LAMP using both sample preparation methods. In total, PvCOX1-LAMP and Pfr364-LAMP detected 80.2% (81 samples) of the submicroscopic infections using the DNA extraction method by mini spin column kit, while 36.6% (37 samples) were detected using the Boil & Spin sample preparation method. CONCLUSION The colorimetric LAMPs with multicopy targets using the COX1 target for P. vivax and the Pfr364 for P. falciparum have a high potential to improve POC malaria diagnosis detecting a greater number of submicroscopic Plasmodium infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Nolasco
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt" Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
- Laboratorios de Investigación Y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
| | - Jhoel Montoya
- Unidad de Posgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Ana L Rosales Rosas
- Laboratorios de Investigación Y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Scarlett Barrientos
- Laboratorios de Investigación Y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Anna Rosanas-Urgell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dionicia Gamboa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt" Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorios de Investigación Y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares Y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias Y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Randomly positioned gold nanoparticles as fluorescence enhancers in apta-immunosensor for malaria test. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:88. [PMID: 33594523 PMCID: PMC7886758 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A plasmon-enhanced fluorescence-based antibody-aptamer biosensor - consisting of gold nanoparticles randomly immobilized onto a glass substrate via electrostatic self-assembly - is described for specific detection of proteins in whole blood. Analyte recognition is realized through a sandwich scheme with a capture bioreceptor layer of antibodies - covalently immobilized onto the gold nanoparticle surface in upright orientation and close-packed configuration by photochemical immobilization technique (PIT) - and a top bioreceptor layer of fluorescently labelled aptamers. Such a sandwich configuration warrants not only extremely high specificity, but also an ideal fluorophore-nanostructure distance (approximately 10-15 nm) for achieving strong fluorescence amplification. For a specific application, we tested the biosensor performance in a case study for the detection of malaria-related marker Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH). The proposed biosensor can specifically detect PfLDH in spiked whole blood down to 10 pM (0.3 ng/mL) without any sample pretreatment. The combination of simple and scalable fabrication, potentially high-throughput analysis, and excellent sensing performance provides a new approach to biosensing with significant advantages compared to conventional fluorescence immunoassays.
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9
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Nolasco O, Infante B, Contreras-Mancilla J, Incardona S, Ding XC, Gamboa D, Torres K. Diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification in Febrile Patient Samples from Loreto, Perú. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1549-1552. [PMID: 32748776 PMCID: PMC7543827 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is co-endemic with Plasmodium falciparum in Peru, and optimum management requires distinguishing these two species in the blood of patients. For the differential identification of P. vivax and other Plasmodium spp., the LoopampTM Malaria Pan Detection Kit in combination with the Loopamp Malaria Pv Detection Kit (Eiken Chemical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was used to evaluate 559 whole blood samples collected in 2017 from febrile patients with suspected malaria attending different health facilities in the Loreto region. The Loopamp Malaria Pan Detection Kit showed a sensitivity of 87.7% (95% CI: 83.5-91.9) and a specificity of 94.4% (95% CI: 91.9-96.9) and good agreement with PCR (Cohen's kappa 0.8266, 95% CI: 0.7792-0.874). By comparison, the Loopamp Malaria Pv Detection Kit showed a similar sensitivity (84.4%, 95% CI: 79.0-89.7) and specificity (92.4%, 95% CI: 89.7-95.0) and substantial agreement with PCR (Cohen's kappa: 0.7661, 95% CI: 0.7088-0.8234).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Nolasco
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt" Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Beronica Infante
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Juan Contreras-Mancilla
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt" Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Xavier C Ding
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dionicia Gamboa
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.,Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.,Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt" Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Katherine Torres
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.,Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt" Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
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10
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Evolution of abiotic cubane chemistries in a nucleic acid aptamer allows selective recognition of a malaria biomarker. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16790-16798. [PMID: 32631977 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003267117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers selected through systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) fold into exquisite globular structures in complex with protein targets with diverse translational applications. Varying the chemistry of nucleotides allows evolution of nonnatural nucleic acids, but the extent to which exotic chemistries can be integrated into a SELEX selection to evolve nonnatural macromolecular binding interfaces is unclear. Here, we report the identification of a cubane-modified aptamer (cubamer) against the malaria biomarker Plasmodium vivax lactate dehydrogenase (PvLDH). The crystal structure of the complex reveals an unprecedented binding mechanism involving a multicubane cluster within a hydrophobic pocket. The binding interaction is further stabilized through hydrogen bonding via cubyl hydrogens, previously unobserved in macromolecular binding interfaces. This binding mechanism allows discriminatory recognition of P. vivax over Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase, thereby distinguishing these highly conserved malaria biomarkers for diagnostic applications. Together, our data demonstrate that SELEX can be used to evolve exotic nucleic acids bearing chemical functional groups which enable remarkable binding mechanisms which have never been observed in biology. Extending to other exotic chemistries will open a myriad of possibilities for functional nucleic acids.
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11
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Figueroa-Miranda G, Wu C, Zhang Y, Nörbel L, Lo Y, Tanner JA, Elling L, Offenhäusser A, Mayer D. Polyethylene glycol-mediated blocking and monolayer morphology of an electrochemical aptasensor for malaria biomarker detection in human serum. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 136:107589. [PMID: 32679336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Better approaches are critically needed for in situ point-of-care diagnostic biosensors that enable primary care physicians, or even individual patients, to directly analyze biological fluids without complicated sample pretreatments. Additional purification steps consume time, consume reagents, often require other equipment, and can introduce false-negative results. Biosensors have been modified with blocking molecules to reduce biofouling; however, the effectiveness relies on their chemical composition and morphology. Here, we used a polyethylene glycol film to suppress unspecific binding from human serum on an electrochemical malaria aptasensor. A detailed study of the variation of the chemical and morphological composition of the aptamer/polyethylene glycol mixed monolayer as a function of incubation time was conducted. Higher resistance to matrix biofouling was found for polyethylene glycol than for hydrophobic alkanethiol films. The best sensor performance was observed for intermediate polyethylene glycol immobilization times. With prolonged incubation, phase separation of aptamer, and polyethylene glycol molecules locally increased the aptamer density and thereby diminished the analyte binding capability. Remarkably, polyethylene glycols do not affect the aptasensor sensitivity but enhance the complex matrix tolerance, the dynamic range, and the limit of detection. Careful tuning of the blocking molecule immobilization is crucial to achieving high aptasensor performance and biofouling resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Figueroa-Miranda
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany; Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Changtong Wu
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lena Nörbel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Young Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Julian Alexander Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
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12
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Wang W, Dong RL, Gu D, He JA, Yi P, Kong SK, Ho HP, Loo J, Wang W, Wang Q. Antibody-free rapid diagnosis of malaria in whole blood with surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy using Nanostructured Gold Substrate. Adv Med Sci 2020; 65:86-92. [PMID: 31923771 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to establish a rapid antibody-free diagnostic method of malaria infection with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in whole blood with Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy using Nanostructured Gold Substrate. MATERIALS AND METHODS The blood samples collected from patients were first lysed and centrifuged before dropping on the gold nano-structure (AuNS) substrate. Malaria diagnosis was performed by detecting Raman peaks from Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) with a 532 nm laser excitation. RESULTS Raman peaks at 1370 cm-1, 1570 cm-1, and 1627 cm-1, known to have high specificity against interference from other mosquito-borne diseases such as Dengue and West Nile virus infection, were selected as the fingerprint markers associated with P. falciparum and P. vivax infection. The limit of detection was 10-5 dilution, corresponding to the concentration of parasitized blood cells of 100/mL. A total number of 25 clinical samples, including 5 from patients with P. falciparum infection, 10 with P. vivax infection and 10 from healthy volunteers, were evaluated to support its clinical practical use. The whole assay on malaria detection took 30 min to complete. CONCLUSIONS While the samples analyzed in this work have strong clinical relevance, we have clearly demonstrated that sensitive malaria detection using AuNS-SERS is a practical direction for rapid in-field diagnosis of malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui-Ling Dong
- Shenzhen International Travel Health Care Center and Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Shenzhen Customs District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dayong Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-An He
- Shenzhen International Travel Health Care Center and Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Shenzhen Customs District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pin Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siu-Kai Kong
- Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ho-Pui Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jacky Loo
- Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Wen Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Use of real-time multiplex PCR, malaria rapid diagnostic test and microscopy to investigate the prevalence of Plasmodium species among febrile hospital patients in Sierra Leone. Malar J 2020; 19:84. [PMID: 32085711 PMCID: PMC7035765 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria continues to affect over 200 million individuals every year, especially children in Africa. Rapid and sensitive detection and identification of Plasmodium parasites is crucial for treating patients and monitoring of control efforts. Compared to traditional diagnostic methods such as microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), DNA based methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offer significantly higher sensitivity, definitive discrimination of Plasmodium species, and detection of mixed infections. While PCR is not currently optimized for routine diagnostics, its role in epidemiological studies is increasing as the world moves closer toward regional and eventually global malaria elimination. This study demonstrates the field use of a novel, ambient temperature-stabilized, multiplexed PCR assay in a small hospital setting in Sierra Leone. Methods Blood samples from 534 febrile individuals reporting to a hospital in Bo, Sierra Leone, were tested using three methods: a commercial RDT, microscopy, and a Multiplex Malaria Sample Ready (MMSR) PCR designed to detect a universal malaria marker and species-specific markers for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. A separate PCR assay was used to identify species of Plasmodium in samples in which MMSR detected malaria, but was unable to identify the species. Results MMSR detected the presence of any malaria marker in 50.2% of all tested samples with P. falciparum identified in 48.7% of the samples. Plasmodium vivax was not detected. Testing of MMSR P. falciparum-negative/universal malaria-positive specimens with a panel of species-specific PCRs revealed the presence of Plasmodium malariae (n = 2) and Plasmodium ovale (n = 2). The commercial RDT detected P. falciparum in 24.6% of all samples while microscopy was able to detect malaria in 12.8% of tested specimens. Conclusions Wider application of PCR for detection of malaria parasites may help to fill gaps existing as a result of use of microscopy and RDTs. Due to its high sensitivity and specificity, species coverage, room temperature stability and relative low complexity, the MMSR assay may be useful for detection of malaria and epidemiological studies especially in low-resource settings.
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14
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Lee J, Kim TI, Lê HG, Yoo WG, Kang JM, Ahn SK, Myint MK, Lin K, Kim TS, Na BK. Genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenases in Myanmar isolates. Malar J 2020; 19:60. [PMID: 32019541 PMCID: PMC7001217 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-3134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) is a major target in diagnosing the erythrocytic stage of malaria parasites because it is highly expressed during blood-stage parasites and is distinguished from human LDH. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malaria use pLDH as a target antigen; however, genetic variations in pLDH within the natural population threaten the efficacy of pLDH-based RDTs. Methods Genetic polymorphisms of Plasmodium vivax LDH (PvLDH) and Plasmodium falciparum LDH (PfLDH) in Myanmar isolates were analysed by nucleotide sequencing analysis. Genetic polymorphisms and the natural selection of PvLDH and PfLDH were analysed using DNASTAR, MEGA6, and DnaSP ver. 5.10.00 programs. The genetic diversity and natural selection of global PvLDH and PfLDH were also analysed. The haplotype network of global PvLDH and PfLDH was constructed using NETWORK ver. 5.0.0.3. Three-dimensional structures of PvLDH and PfLDH were built with YASARA Structure ver. 18.4.24 and the impact of mutations on structural change and stability was evaluated with SDM ver. 2, CUPSAT and MAESTROweb. Results Forty-nine PvLDH and 52 PfLDH sequences were obtained from Myanmar P. vivax and P. falciparum isolates. Non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions resulting in amino acid changes were identified in both Myanmar PvLDH and PfLDH. Amino acid changes were also identified in the global PvLDH and PfLDH populations, but they did not produce structural alterations in either protein. Low genetic diversity was observed in global PvLDH and PfLDH, which may be maintained by a strong purifying selection. Conclusion This study extends knowledge for genetic diversity and natural selection of global PvLDH and PfLDH. Although amino acid changes were observed in global PvLDH and PfLDH, they did not alter the conformational structures of the proteins. These suggest that PvLDH and PfLDH are genetically well-conserved in global populations, which indicates that they are suitable antigens for diagnostic purpose and attractive targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Inha Research Institute for Medical Science, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Im Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.,Planning and Management Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Hương Giang Lê
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Gi Yoo
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Kang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Ahn
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Inha Research Institute for Medical Science, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moe Kyaw Myint
- Department of Medical Research Pyin Oo Lwin Branch, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar
| | - Khin Lin
- Department of Medical Research Pyin Oo Lwin Branch, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Inha Research Institute for Medical Science, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea. .,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Deida J, Tahar R, Khalef YO, Lekweiry KM, Hmeyade A, Khairy MLO, Simard F, Bogreau H, Basco L, Boukhary AOMS. Oasis Malaria, Northern Mauritania 1. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:273-280. [PMID: 30666926 PMCID: PMC6346462 DOI: 10.3201/eid2502.180732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A malaria survey was conducted in Atar, the northernmost oasis city in Mauritania, during 2015–2016. All febrile patients in whom malaria was suspected were screened for malaria by using rapid diagnostic testing and microscopic examination of blood smears and later confirmed by PCR. Of 453 suspected malaria cases, 108 (23.8%) were positive by rapid diagnostic testing, 154 (34.0%) by microscopic examination, and 162 (35.7%) by PCR. Malaria cases were observed throughout the year and among all age groups. Plasmodium vivax was present in 120/162 (74.1%) cases, P. falciparum in 4/162 (2.4%), and mixed P. falciparum–P. vivax in 38/162 (23.4%). Malaria is endemic in northern Mauritania and could be spreading farther north in the Sahara, possibly because of human-driven environmental changes. Further entomologic and parasitologic studies and monitoring are needed to relate these findings to major Anopheles mosquito vectors and to design and implement strategies for malaria prevention and control.
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16
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Low YK, Chan J, Soraya GV, Buffet C, Abeyrathne CD, Huynh DH, Skafidas E, Kwan P, Rogerson SJ. Development of an Ultrasensitive Impedimetric Immunosensor Platform for Detection of Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19112446. [PMID: 31146340 PMCID: PMC6603725 DOI: 10.3390/s19112446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Elimination of malaria is a global health priority. Detecting an asymptomatic carrier of Plasmodium parasites to receive treatment is an important step in achieving this goal. Current available tools for detection of malaria parasites are either expensive, lacking in sensitivity for asymptomatic carriers, or low in throughput. We investigated the sensitivity of an impedimetric biosensor targeting the malaria biomarker Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). Following optimization of the detection protocol, sensor performance was tested using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and then saliva samples spiked with pLDH at various concentrations. The presence of pLDH was determined by analyzing the sensor electrical properties before and after sample application. Through comparing percentage changes in impedance magnitude, the sensors distinguished pLDH-spiked PBS from non-spiked PBS at concentrations as low as 250 pg/mL (p = 0.0008). Percentage changes in impedance magnitude from saliva spiked with 2.5 ng/mL pLDH trended higher than those from non-spiked saliva. These results suggest that these biosensors have the potential to detect concentrations of pLDH up to two logs lower than currently available best-practice diagnostic tools. Successful optimization of this sensor platform would enable more efficient diagnosis of asymptomatic carriers, who can be targeted for treatment, contributing to the elimination of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kong Low
- Department of Medicine, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia.
| | - Jianxiong Chan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia.
| | - Gita V Soraya
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
| | - Christelle Buffet
- Department of Medicine, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Chathurika D Abeyrathne
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Duc H Huynh
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Efstratios Skafidas
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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17
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Assessment of false negative rates of lactate dehydrogenase-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium ovale detection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007254. [PMID: 30856189 PMCID: PMC6428349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely used for malaria diagnosis, but test performance and the factors that lead to failure of Plasmodium ovale detection are not well understood. In this study, three pLDH-based RDTs were evaluated using cases in China that originated in Africa. The sensitivity of Wondfo Pf/Pan, CareStart pLDH PAN and SD BIOLINE Pf/Pan in P. ovale detection was 70, 55 and 18%, respectively. CareStart was worse at detecting P. o. curtisi (36.5%) than at detecting P. o. wallikeri (75.0%), and SD could not detect P. o. curtisi. The overall detection ratio of all three RDTs decreased with parasite density and pLDH concentration. Wondfo, CareStart and SD detected only 75.0, 78.1 and 46.9% of the P. ovale cases, respectively, even when the parasitemia were higher than 5000 parasites/μL. Subspecies of P. ovale should be considered while to improve RDT quality for P. ovale diagnosis to achieve the goal of malaria elimination. Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) are under-estimated and overshadowed by other malaria parasites in tropical countries, which can cause chronic infections that last from months to years. The chronic infection caused by P. ovale should be of concern in the context of the long-term goal of eliminating malaria. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) is one of the WHO recommended tools to confirm the infection of plasmodium parasites, which can distinguish Plasmodium falciparum and non-falciparum species as well. However, little is known about their performance detecting P. ovale, and the factors that affect the efficiency of RDTs in the detection of P. ovale have not been systemically investigated. This study suggested that the performance of the three pLDH-based RDTs for P. ovale detection was not optimal, the low parasite density and pLDH concentration contributed to the failure of the RDT test for P. ovale. It provided information for the application of malaria RDTs in the field and for research and development to improve RDTs for malaria diagnosis.
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18
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Singh NK, Jain P, Das S, Goswami P. Dye Coupled Aptamer-Captured Enzyme Catalyzed Reaction for Detection of Pan Malaria and P. falciparum Species in Laboratory Settings and Instrument-Free Paper-Based Platform. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4213-4221. [PMID: 30793883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Malaria diagnosis methods offering species-specific information on the causative parasites, along with their flexibility to use in different resource settings, have great demand for precise treatment and management of the disease. Herein, we report the detection of pan malaria and P. falciparum species using a dye-based reaction catalyzed by the biomarker enzymes Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase ( PLDH) and Plasmodium falciparum glutamate dehydrogenase ( PfGDH), respectively, through instrument-based and instrument-free approaches. For the detection, two ssDNA aptamers specific to the corresponding PLDH and PfGDH were used. The aptamer-captured enzymes were detected through a substrate-dependent reaction coupled with the conversion of resazurin (blue, ∼λ605nm) to resorufin (pink, ∼λ570nm) dye. The reaction was monitored by measuring the fluorescence intensity at λ660nm for resorufin, absorbance ratio (λ570nm/λ605nm), and change in color (blue to pink). The detection approach could be customized to a spectrophotometer-based method and an instrument-free device. For both the approaches, the biomarkers were captured from the serum samples with the help of aptamer-coated magnetic beads prior to the analysis to exclude potential interferences from the serum. In the instrument-free device, a medical syringe (5 mL) prefabricated with a magnet was used for in situ separation of the enzyme-captured beads from the reaction supernatant. The converted dye in the supernatant was then efficiently adsorbed over a DEAE cellulose-treated paper wick assembled in the syringe hose. The biomarkers could be detected by both qualitative and quantitative format following the color and pixel intensity, respectively, developed on the paper surface. The developed method and technique offered detection of the biomarkers within a clinically relevant dynamic range, with the limit of detection values in the picomolar level. Flexible detection capability, low cost, interference-free detections, and portable nature (for instrument-free devices) are the major advantages offered by the developed approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , 781039 Assam , India
| | - Priyamvada Jain
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , 781039 Assam , India
| | - Smita Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , 781039 Assam , India
| | - Pranab Goswami
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , 781039 Assam , India
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Costa MRF, Barcelos ALR, Camargo MAD, Melo GCD, Almeida AC, Costa AGD, Sousa JDDB, Melo MMD, Alecrim MDGC, Lacerda MVGD, Monteiro WM. Performance of an immuno-rapid malaria Pf/Pv rapid diagnostic test for malaria diagnosis in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20170450. [PMID: 30652783 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0450-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for detecting Plasmodium antigens have become increasingly common worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the Immuno-Rapid Malaria Pf/Pv RDT in detecting Plasmodium vivax infection compared to standard thick blood smear (TBS) under microscopy. METHODS Hundred and eighty-one febrile patients from the hospital's regular admissions were assessed using TBS and RDT in a blinded experiment. RESULTS RDT showed a sensitivity of 98.9%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 99.5% for P. vivax infection when compared to TBS. CONCLUSIONS The RDT is highly accurate, making it a valuable diagnostic tool for P. vivax infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Regina Farias Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | | | | | - Gisely Cardoso de Melo
- Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Anne Cristine Almeida
- Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Allyson Guimarães da Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Jose Diego de Brito Sousa
- Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Marly Marques de Melo
- Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Maria das Graças Costa Alecrim
- Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Guimarães de Lacerda
- Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Wama Diagnóstica, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.,Instituto de Pesquisas Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Instituto de Pesquisas Clínicas Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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20
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Geldert A, Kenry, Zhang X, Zhang H, Lim CT. Enhancing the sensing specificity of a MoS 2 nanosheet-based FRET aptasensor using a surface blocking strategy. Analyst 2018; 142:2570-2577. [PMID: 28569315 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00640c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aptamer-based biosensing, which uses short, single-stranded nucleic acid segments to bind to a target, can be advantageous over antibody-based diagnostics due to the ease of synthesis and high stability of aptamers. However, the development of most aptamer-based sensors (aptasensors) is still in its initial stages and many factors affecting their performance have not been studied in great detail. Here, we enhance the sensing specificity of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based MoS2 nanosheet aptasensor in detecting the malarial biomarker Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). In this sensing scheme, the presence of target is signaled by an increase in fluorescence when fluorescently-labeled aptamers bind to pLDH and release from a quenching material. Interestingly, unlike most of the reported literature on aptasensors, we observe that non-target proteins also cause a considerable increase in the detected fluorescence. This may be due to the nonspecific adsorption of proteins onto the fluorescence quencher, leading to the displacement of aptamers from the quencher surface. To reduce this nonspecific association and to enhance the sensor specificity, we propose the application of a surface blocking agent to the quenching material. Importantly, we demonstrate that the sensing specificity of the MoS2 nanosheet-based aptasensor towards target pLDH biomolecules can be significantly enhanced through surface passivation, thus contributing to the development of highly selective and robust point-of-care malaria diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Geldert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576.
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21
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Domingos J, Casimiro A, Portugal-Calisto D, Varandas L, Nogueira F, Silva MS. Clinical, laboratorial and immunological aspects of severe malaria in children from Guinea-Bissau. Acta Trop 2018; 185:46-51. [PMID: 29684356 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a parasitic disease of which Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe form of the disease. The immune response against Plasmodium spp. is complex and remains unclear. The present report aimed to better understand the humoral immune response in severe malaria and analyse new immunodominant antigen candidates as possible serological marker in severe malaria in children. This study included children aged 0-16 years from Guinea-Bissau with clinical signs of severe malaria. Serological and immunochemical characterisation of different anti-P. falciparum antibodies were made by ELISA and immunoblotting using a crude protein extract of P. falciparum. Sera from 12 children with severe malaria were analysed. Nine samples were positive for total anti-P. falciparum antibodies, seven for IgM and eight for total IgG anti-P. falciparum. There was a predominance of IgG1 response, suggesting a cytophilic action in severe malaria and a major role of IgG1 over other immunoglobulins. The antigenic profile of P. falciparum showed a consistent immunoblotting pattern of approximately 180 kDa, 100 kDa and around 50-40 kDa. The serological reactivity found in protein bands makes them as immunodominant antigens and promising candidates for serological markers in the context of severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Domingos
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anaxore Casimiro
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniela Portugal-Calisto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal; Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luís Varandas
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal; Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia. Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fátima Nogueira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Sousa Silva
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal; Imunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
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22
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Markwalter CF, Gibson LE, Mudenda L, Kimmel DW, Mbambara S, Thuma PE, Wright DW. Characterization of Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase and Histidine-Rich Protein 2 Clearance Patterns via Rapid On-Bead Detection from a Single Dried Blood Spot. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:1389-1396. [PMID: 29557342 PMCID: PMC5953395 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid, on-bead enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) and Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) was adapted for use with dried blood spot (DBS) samples. This assay detected both biomarkers from a single DBS sample with only 45 minutes of total incubation time and detection limits of 600 ± 500 pM (pLDH) and 69 ± 30 pM (HRP2), corresponding to 150 and 24 parasites/μL, respectively. This sensitive and reproducible on-bead detection method was used to quantify pLDH and HRP2 in patient DBS samples from rural Zambia collected at multiple time points after treatment. Biomarker clearance patterns relative to parasite clearance were determined; pLDH clearance followed closely with parasite clearance, whereas most patients maintained detectable levels of HRP2 for 35–52 days after treatment. Furthermore, weak-to-moderate correlations between biomarker concentration and parasite densities were found for both biomarkers. This work demonstrates the utility of the developed assay for epidemiological study and surveillance of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren E Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lwiindi Mudenda
- Rusangu University, Monze, Zambia.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Danielle W Kimmel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - David W Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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23
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Cheung YW, Dirkzwager RM, Wong WC, Cardoso J, D'Arc Neves Costa J, Tanner JA. Aptamer-mediated Plasmodium-specific diagnosis of malaria. Biochimie 2017; 145:131-136. [PMID: 29080831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a critical need for better malaria rapid diagnostic tests to discriminate Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infection given the recent observation of HRP2 deletions in P. falciparum parasites. We previously identified a DNA aptamer, 2008s, that targets P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) and developed a sensitive aptamer-tethered enzyme capture (APTEC) assay. Here, we characterise two different LDH-binding DNA aptamers in their species-specific activities, then integrate within biochemical diagnostic assays and test in clinical samples. An enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay demonstrated that aptamer pL1 bound with high affinity to both PfLDH and P. vivax lactate dehydrogenase (PvLDH), whereas aptamer 2008s was specific to PfLDH. An aptamer-tethered enzyme capture (APTEC) assay confirmed the specificity of 2008s in binding and capturing the enzyme activity of PfLDH which could be observed colorimetrically. In malaria patient samples, the 2008s APTEC assay was specific for P. falciparum blood samples and could discriminate against P. vivax blood samples. An aptamer for specific detection of falciparum malaria holds promise as a new strategy for species-specific malaria diagnosis rather than the conventional HRP2 immuno-assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Wai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Roderick M Dirkzwager
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Chung Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Joana D'Arc Neves Costa
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical de Rondônia (CEPEM), Laboratory of Epidemiology, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Julian A Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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24
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Fraser LA, Kinghorn AB, Dirkzwager RM, Liang S, Cheung YW, Lim B, Shiu SCC, Tang MSL, Andrew D, Manitta J, Richards JS, Tanner JA. A portable microfluidic Aptamer-Tethered Enzyme Capture (APTEC) biosensor for malaria diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 100:591-596. [PMID: 29032164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a critical need for better biosensors for the detection and diagnosis of malaria. We previously developed a DNA aptamer that recognises the Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) enzyme with high sensitivity and specificity. The aptamer was integrated into an Aptamer-Tethered Enzyme Capture (APTEC) assay as a laboratory-based diagnostic approach. However, a portable equipment-free point-of-care aptamer-mediated biosensor could have a significant impact on malaria diagnosis in endemic regions. Here, we present a new concept for a malaria biosensor whereby aptamers are coated onto magnetic microbeads for magnet-guided capture, wash and detection of the biomarker. A biosensor incorporating three separate microfluidic chambers was designed to enable such magnet-guided equipment-free colorimetric detection of PfLDH. A series of microfluidic biosensor prototypes were optimised to lower rates of inter-chamber diffusion, increase sensitivity, and provide a method for point-of-care sample testing. The biosensor showed high sensitivity and specificity when detecting PfLDH using both in vitro cultured parasite samples and using clinical samples from malaria patients. The high performance of the biosensor provides a proof-of-principle for a portable biosensor that could be adaptable for a variety of aptamer-mediated diagnostic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A Fraser
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew B Kinghorn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Roderick M Dirkzwager
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shaolin Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yee-Wai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bryce Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Chi-Chin Shiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marco S L Tang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dean Andrew
- Centre for Biomedical Research, The Burnet Institute of Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph Manitta
- Department of Haematology, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack S Richards
- Centre for Biomedical Research, The Burnet Institute of Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julian A Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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25
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Bauer WS, Gulka CP, Silva-Baucage L, Adams NM, Haselton FR, Wright DW. Metal Affinity-Enabled Capture and Release Antibody Reagents Generate a Multiplex Biomarker Enrichment System that Improves Detection Limits of Rapid Diagnostic Tests. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10216-10223. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Westley S. Bauer
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Christopher P. Gulka
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Lidalee Silva-Baucage
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Nicholas M. Adams
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Frederick R. Haselton
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - David W. Wright
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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26
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Defining the next generation of Plasmodium vivax diagnostic tests for control and elimination: Target product profiles. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005516. [PMID: 28369085 PMCID: PMC5391123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of malaria has decreased over the past fifteen years, but similar gains have not been realized against Plasmodium vivax because this species is less responsive to conventional malaria control interventions aimed principally at P. falciparum. Approximately half of all malaria cases outside of Africa are caused by P. vivax. This species places dormant forms in human liver that cause repeated clinical attacks without involving another mosquito bite. The diagnosis of acute patent P. vivax malaria relies primarily on light microscopy. Specific rapid diagnostic tests exist but typically perform relatively poorly compared to those for P. falciparum. Better diagnostic tests are needed for P. vivax. To guide their development, FIND, in collaboration with P. vivax experts, identified the specific diagnostic needs associated with this species and defined a series of three distinct target product profiles, each aimed at a particular diagnostic application: (i) point-of-care of acutely ill patients for clinical care purposes; (ii) point-of-care asymptomatic and otherwise sub-patent residents for public health purposes, e.g., mass screen and treat campaigns; and (iii) ultra-sensitive not point-of-care diagnosis for epidemiological research/surveillance purposes. This report presents and discusses the rationale for these P. vivax-specific diagnostic target product profiles. These contribute to the rational development of fit-for-purpose diagnostic tests suitable for the clinical management, control and elimination of P. vivax malaria. Plasmodium vivax is the second most prevalent Plasmodium species amongst the five that can infect humans and cause malaria. The control and elimination of P. vivax is complicated by its specific biology, such as hard-to-detect low densities of blood-circulating parasites in infected individuals, the existence of persistent liver forms causing relapse, or the early appearance of sexual stages of the parasite during the course of an infection, which facilitates its transmission. These difficulties are reinforced by the fact that most antimalarial tools have been developed primarily for P. falciparum, the most prevalent malaria species, and are not always as effective for P. vivax. Current tools for the diagnosis of P. vivax are of limited effectiveness. Rapid diagnostic tests exist but show, in average, lower performance than similar test for P. falciparum. P. vivax diagnosis often relies on light microscopy which is challenging to maintain at a high quality and not sensitive enough to detect a large fraction of all infections. Recognizing that better diagnostic tools for P. vivax are needed, we report in this study the development of new target product profiles to define the specific characteristics of such tests. The establishment of these consensus-based documents is an important first step to guide research and development efforts toward better diagnostic solutions for P. vivax malaria and to accelerate the elimination of this species alongside P. falciparum.
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27
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Jimenez A, Rees-Channer RR, Perera R, Gamboa D, Chiodini PL, González IJ, Mayor A, Ding XC. Analytical sensitivity of current best-in-class malaria rapid diagnostic tests. Malar J 2017; 16:128. [PMID: 28340585 PMCID: PMC5366122 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are today the most widely used method for malaria diagnosis and are recommended, alongside microscopy, for the confirmation of suspected cases before the administration of anti-malarial treatment. The diagnostic performance of RDTs, as compared to microscopy or PCR is well described but the actual analytical sensitivity of current best-in-class tests is poorly documented. This value is however a key performance indicator and a benchmark value needed to developed new RDTs of improved sensitivity. METHODS Thirteen RDTs detecting either the Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein 2 (HRP2) or the plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) antigens were selected from the best performing RDTs according to the WHO-FIND product testing programme. The analytical sensitivity of these products was evaluated using a range of reference materials including P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax whole parasite samples as well as recombinant proteins. RESULTS The best performing HRP2-based RDTs could detect all P. falciparum cultured samples at concentrations as low as 0.8 ng/mL of HRP2. The limit of detection of the best performing pLDH-based RDT specifically detecting P. vivax was 25 ng/mL of pLDH. CONCLUSION The analytical sensitivity of P. vivax and Pan pLDH-based RDTs appears to vary considerably from product to product, and improvement of the limit-of-detection for P. vivax detecting RDTs is needed to match the performance of HRP2 and Pf pLDH-based RDTs for P. falciparum. Different assays using different reference materials produce different values for antigen concentration in a given specimen, highlighting the need to establish universal reference assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfons Jimenez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roxanne R Rees-Channer
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rushini Perera
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dionicia Gamboa
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía & Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander Von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Peter L Chiodini
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
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28
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Kenry, Geldert A, Zhang X, Zhang H, Lim CT. Highly Sensitive and Selective Aptamer-Based Fluorescence Detection of a Malarial Biomarker Using Single-Layer MoS2 Nanosheets. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenry
- NUS
Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456
- Centre
for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Alisha Geldert
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Center
for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Hua Zhang
- Center
for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- NUS
Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456
- Centre
for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
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29
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Bell D, Fleurent AE, Hegg MC, Boomgard JD, McConnico CC. Development of new malaria diagnostics: matching performance and need. Malar J 2016; 15:406. [PMID: 27515426 PMCID: PMC4981959 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in diagnostic technology, significant gaps remain in access to malaria diagnosis. Accurate diagnosis and misdiagnosis leads to unnecessary waste of resources, poor disease management, and contributes to a cycle of poverty in low-resourced communities. Despite much effort and investment, few new technologies have reached the field in the last 30 years aside from lateral flow assays. This suggests that much diagnostic development effort has been misdirected, and/or that there are fundamental blocks to introduction of new technologies. Malaria diagnosis is a difficult market; resources are broadly donor-dependent, health systems in endemic countries are frequently weak, and the epidemiology of malaria and priorities of malaria programmes and donors are evolving. Success in diagnostic development will require a good understanding of programme gaps, and the sustainability of markets to address them. Targeting assay development to such clearly defined market requirements will improve the outcomes of product development funding. Six market segments are identified: (1) case management in low-resourced countries, (2) parasite screening for low density infections in elimination programmes, (3) surveillance for evidence of continued transmission, (4) clinical research and therapeutic efficacy monitoring, (5) cross-checking for microscopy quality control, and (6) returned traveller markets distinguished primarily by resource availability. While each of these markets is potentially compelling from a public health standpoint, size and scale are highly variable and continue to evolve. Consequently, return on investment in research and development may be limited, highlighting the need for potentially significant donor involvement or the introduction of novel business models to overcome prohibitive economics. Given the rather specific applications, a well-defined set of stakeholders will need to be on board for the successful introduction and scaling of any new technology to these markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bell
- Global Good Fund/Intellectual Ventures Laboratory, 3150 139th Ave SE, Bellevue, WA, 98005, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Caitlin C McConnico
- International Training and Education Center for Health (I-TECH), Gaborone, Botswana
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30
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Dirkzwager RM, Liang S, Tanner JA. Development of Aptamer-Based Point-of-Care Diagnostic Devices for Malaria Using Three-Dimensional Printing Rapid Prototyping. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5b00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roderick M. Dirkzwager
- School of Biomedical Sciences,
Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S. A. R. China
| | - Shaolin Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences,
Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S. A. R. China
| | - Julian A. Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences,
Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S. A. R. China
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31
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Godonoga M, Lin TY, Oshima A, Sumitomo K, Tang MSL, Cheung YW, Kinghorn AB, Dirkzwager RM, Zhou C, Kuzuya A, Tanner JA, Heddle JG. A DNA aptamer recognising a malaria protein biomarker can function as part of a DNA origami assembly. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21266. [PMID: 26891622 PMCID: PMC4759581 DOI: 10.1038/srep21266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA aptamers have potential for disease diagnosis and as therapeutics, particularly when interfaced with programmable molecular technology. Here we have combined DNA aptamers specific for the malaria biomarker Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) with a DNA origami scaffold. Twelve aptamers that recognise PfLDH were integrated into a rectangular DNA origami and atomic force microscopy demonstrated that the incorporated aptamers preserve their ability to specifically bind target protein. Captured PfLDH retained enzymatic activity and protein-aptamer binding was observed dynamically using high-speed AFM. This work demonstrates the ability of DNA aptamers to recognise a malaria biomarker whilst being integrated within a supramolecular DNA scaffold, opening new possibilities for malaria diagnostic approaches based on DNA nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Godonoga
- Heddle Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Ting-Yu Lin
- Heddle Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Azusa Oshima
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Koji Sumitomo
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Marco S L Tang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yee-Wai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrew B Kinghorn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Roderick M Dirkzwager
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Akinori Kuzuya
- Department of Chem. Mater. Eng., Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Julian A Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jonathan G Heddle
- Heddle Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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32
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Dirkzwager RM, Kinghorn AB, Richards JS, Tanner JA. APTEC: aptamer-tethered enzyme capture as a novel rapid diagnostic test for malaria. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:4697-700. [PMID: 25692283 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the rapid diagnosis of malaria by aptamer-tethered enzyme capture (APTEC) whereby an aptamer captures biomarker Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) then activity is measured colorimetrically. The robust test was sensitive (limit of detection = 4.9 ng mL(-1)) and could reliably diagnose malaria in clinical blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick M Dirkzwager
- Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R..
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33
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Pereira DY, Chiu RYT, Zhang SCL, Wu BM, Kamei DT. Single-step, paper-based concentration and detection of a malaria biomarker. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 882:83-9. [PMID: 26043095 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The lateral-flow immunoassay (LFA) is an inexpensive and rapid paper-based assay that can potentially detect infectious disease biomarkers in resource-poor settings. Despite its many advantages that make it suitable for point-of-care diagnosis, LFA is limited by its inferior sensitivity relative to sophisticated laboratory-based assays. Our group previously introduced the use of a micellar aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), comprised of the nonionic Triton X-114 surfactant, to concentrate biomarkers in a sample and enhance their detection with LFA. However, achieving complete phase separation and target concentration using the Triton X-114 system required many hours, and the concentrated sample needed to be manually extracted and applied to LFA. Here, we successfully integrated the concentration and detection steps into a single step that occurs entirely within a portable paper-based diagnostic strip. In a novel approach, we applied the micellar ATPS to a 3-D paper design and effectively reduced the macroscopic phase separation time from 8 h to approximately 3 min. The 3-D design was integrated with LFA to simultaneously concentrate and detect Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), a malaria biomarker, in both phosphate-buffered saline and fetal bovine serum within 20 min at room temperature. Compared to a conventional LFA setup with a pLDH detection limit of 10 ng μL(-1), our single-step diagnostic successfully detected pLDH at 1.0 ng μL(-1), demonstrating a 10-fold detection limit improvement and resulting in a sensitive and user-friendly assay that can be used at the point-of-care. The integration of a micellar ATPS and LFA represents a new platform that can improve and promote the use of paper-based diagnostic assays for malaria and other diseases within resource-poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Pereira
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121J Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600, USA
| | - Ricky Y T Chiu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121J Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600, USA
| | - Samantha C L Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121J Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600, USA
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121J Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600, USA; Division of Advanced Prosthodontics & Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600, USA
| | - Daniel T Kamei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121J Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600, USA.
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Tseroni M, Pervanidou D, Tserkezou P, Rachiotis G, Pinaka O, Baka A, Georgakopoulou T, Vakali A, Dionysopoulou M, Terzaki I, Marka A, Detsis M, Evlampidou Z, Mpimpa A, Vassalou E, Tsiodras S, Tsakris A, Kremastinou J, Hadjichristodoulou C. Field application of SD bioline malaria Ag Pf/Pan rapid diagnostic test for malaria in Greece. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120367. [PMID: 25803815 PMCID: PMC4372373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Greece, a malaria-free country since 1974, has experienced re-emergence of Plasmodium vivax autochthonous malaria cases in some agriculture areas over the last three years. In early 2012, an integrated control programme (MALWEST Project) was launched in order to prevent re-establishment of the disease. In the context of this project, the rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) of SD Bioline Malaria Ag Pf/Pan that detects hrp-2 and pan-LDH antigens were used. The aim of this study was to assess the field application of the RDT for the P. vivax diagnosis in comparison to light microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 955 samples were tested with all three diagnostic tools. Agreement of RDT against microscopy and PCR for the diagnosis of P. vivax was satisfactory (K value: 0.849 and 0.976, respectively). The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of RDT against PCR was 95.6% (95% C.I.: 84.8-99.3), 100% (95% C.I.: 99.6-100.0) and 100% (95% CI: 91.7-100.0) respectively, while the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of RDT against microscopic examination was 97.4% (95% C.I.: 86.1-99.6), 99.4% (95% C.I.: 98.6-99.8) and 86.1% (95% CI: 72.1-94.7), respectively. Our results indicate that RDT performed satisfactory in a non-endemic country and therefore is recommended for malaria diagnosis, especially in areas where health professionals lack experience on light microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tseroni
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control & Prevention (KEELPNO), Athens, Greece
| | - Danai Pervanidou
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control & Prevention (KEELPNO), Athens, Greece
| | - Persefoni Tserkezou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - George Rachiotis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ourania Pinaka
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Agoritsa Baka
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control & Prevention (KEELPNO), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Annita Vakali
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control & Prevention (KEELPNO), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Irene Terzaki
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control & Prevention (KEELPNO), Athens, Greece
| | - Andriani Marka
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Marios Detsis
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control & Prevention (KEELPNO), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anastasia Mpimpa
- Department of Parasitology, Entomology and Tropical Diseases, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Evdokia Vassalou
- Department of Parasitology, Entomology and Tropical Diseases, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Tsiodras
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control & Prevention (KEELPNO), Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jenny Kremastinou
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control & Prevention (KEELPNO), Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Hadjichristodoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
- * E-mail:
| | - MALWEST Project
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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DNA Sequence Polymorphism of the Lactate Dehydrogenase Genefrom Iranian Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum Isolates. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2015; 10:505-16. [PMID: 26811715 PMCID: PMC4724825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) is extensively employed as malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Moreover, it is a well-known drug target candidate. However, the genetic diversity of this gene might influence performance of RDT kits and its drug target candidacy. This study aimed to determine polymorphism of pLDH gene from Iranian isolates of P. vivax and P. falciparum. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood of microscopically confirmed P. vivax and P. falciparum infected patients. pLDH gene of P. falciparum and P. vivax was amplified using conventional PCR from 43 symptomatic malaria patients from Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Southeast Iran from 2012 to 2013. RESULTS Sequence analysis of 15 P. vivax LDH showed fourteen had 100% identity with P. vivax Sal-1 and Belem strains. Two nucleotide substitutions were detected with only one resulted in amino acid change. Analysis of P. falciparum LDH sequences showed six of the seven sequences had 100% homology with P. falciparum 3D7 and Mzr-1. Moreover, PfLDH displayed three nucleotide changes that resulted in changing only one amino acid. PvLDH and PfLDH showed 75%-76% nucleotide and 90.4%-90.76% amino acid homology. CONCLUSION pLDH gene from Iranian P. falciparum and P. vivax isolates displayed 98.8-100% homology with 1-3 nucleotide substitutions. This indicated this gene was relatively conserved. Additional studies can be done weather this genetic variation can influence the performance of pLDH based RDTs or not.
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Barber BE, William T, Grigg MJ, Parameswaran U, Piera KA, Price RN, Yeo TW, Anstey NM. Parasite biomass-related inflammation, endothelial activation, microvascular dysfunction and disease severity in vivax malaria. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004558. [PMID: 25569250 PMCID: PMC4287532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax can cause severe malaria, however its pathogenesis is poorly understood. In contrast to P. falciparum, circulating vivax parasitemia is low, with minimal apparent sequestration in endothelium-lined microvasculature, and pathogenesis thought unrelated to parasite biomass. However, the relationships between vivax disease-severity and total parasite biomass, endothelial autocrine activation and microvascular dysfunction are unknown. We measured circulating parasitemia and markers of total parasite biomass (plasma parasite lactate dehydrogenase [pLDH] and PvLDH) in adults with severe (n = 9) and non-severe (n = 53) vivax malaria, and examined relationships with disease-severity, endothelial activation, and microvascular function. Healthy controls and adults with non-severe and severe falciparum malaria were enrolled for comparison. Median peripheral parasitemia, PvLDH and pLDH were 2.4-fold, 3.7-fold and 6.9-fold higher in severe compared to non-severe vivax malaria (p = 0.02, p = 0.02 and p = 0.015, respectively), suggesting that, as in falciparum malaria, peripheral P. vivax parasitemia underestimates total parasite biomass, particularly in severe disease. P. vivax schizonts were under-represented in peripheral blood. Severe vivax malaria was associated with increased angiopoietin-2 and impaired microvascular reactivity. Peripheral vivax parasitemia correlated with endothelial activation (angiopoietin-2, von-Willebrand-Factor [VWF], E-selectin), whereas markers of total vivax biomass correlated only with systemic inflammation (IL-6, IL-10). Activity of the VWF-cleaving-protease, ADAMTS13, was deficient in proportion to endothelial activation, IL-6, thrombocytopenia and vivax disease-severity, and associated with impaired microvascular reactivity in severe disease. Impaired microvascular reactivity correlated with lactate in severe vivax malaria. Findings suggest that tissue accumulation of P. vivax may occur, with the hidden biomass greatest in severe disease and capable of mediating systemic inflammatory pathology. The lack of association between total parasite biomass and endothelial activation is consistent with accumulation in parts of the circulation devoid of endothelium. Endothelial activation, associated with circulating parasites, and systemic inflammation may contribute to pathology in vivax malaria, with microvascular dysfunction likely contributing to impaired tissue perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget E. Barber
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Timothy William
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Matthew J. Grigg
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Uma Parameswaran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kim A. Piera
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Ric N. Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tsin W. Yeo
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Insitute of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Nicholas M. Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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Abba K, Kirkham AJ, Olliaro PL, Deeks JJ, Donegan S, Garner P, Takwoingi Y. Rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosing uncomplicated non-falciparum or Plasmodium vivax malaria in endemic countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD011431. [PMID: 25519857 PMCID: PMC4453861 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In settings where both Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infection cause malaria, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) need to distinguish which species is causing the patients' symptoms, as different treatments are required. Older RDTs incorporated two test lines to distinguish malaria due to P. falciparum, from malaria due to any other Plasmodium species (non-falciparum). These RDTs can be classified according to which antibodies they use: Type 2 RDTs use HRP-2 (for P. falciparum) and aldolase (all species); Type 3 RDTs use HRP-2 (for P. falciparum) and pLDH (all species); Type 4 use pLDH (fromP. falciparum) and pLDH (all species).More recently, RDTs have been developed to distinguish P. vivax parasitaemia by utilizing a pLDH antibody specific to P. vivax. OBJECTIVES To assess the diagnostic accuracy of RDTs for detecting non-falciparum or P. vivax parasitaemia in people living in malaria-endemic areas who present to ambulatory healthcare facilities with symptoms suggestive of malaria, and to identify which types and brands of commercial test best detect non-falciparum and P. vivax malaria. SEARCH METHODS We undertook a comprehensive search of the following databases up to 31 December 2013: Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register; MEDLINE; EMBASE; MEDION; Science Citation Index; Web of Knowledge; African Index Medicus; LILACS; and IndMED. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies comparing RDTs with a reference standard (microscopy or polymerase chain reaction) in blood samples from a random or consecutive series of patients attending ambulatory health facilities with symptoms suggestive of malaria in non-falciparum endemic areas. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS For each study, two review authors independently extracted a standard set of data using a tailored data extraction form. We grouped comparisons by type of RDT (defined by the combinations of antibodies used), and combined in meta-analysis where appropriate. Average sensitivities and specificities are presented alongside 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). MAIN RESULTS We included 47 studies enrolling 22,862 participants. Patient characteristics, sampling methods and reference standard methods were poorly reported in most studies. RDTs detecting 'non-falciparum' parasitaemiaEleven studies evaluated Type 2 tests compared with microscopy, 25 evaluated Type 3 tests, and 11 evaluated Type 4 tests. In meta-analyses, average sensitivities and specificities were 78% (95% CI 73% to 82%) and 99% (95% CI 97% to 99%) for Type 2 tests, 78% (95% CI 69% to 84%) and 99% (95% CI 98% to 99%) for Type 3 tests, and 89% (95% CI 79% to 95%) and 98% (95% CI 97% to 99%) for Type 4 tests, respectively. Type 4 tests were more sensitive than both Type 2 (P = 0.01) and Type 3 tests (P = 0.03).Five studies compared Type 3 tests with PCR; in meta-analysis, the average sensitivity and specificity were 81% (95% CI 72% to 88%) and 99% (95% CI 97% to 99%) respectively. RDTs detecting P.vivax parasitaemiaEight studies compared pLDH tests to microscopy; the average sensitivity and specificity were 95% (95% CI 86% to 99%) and 99% (95% CI 99% to 100%), respectively. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS RDTs designed to detect P. vivax specifically, whether alone or as part of a mixed infection, appear to be more accurate than older tests designed to distinguish P. falciparum malaria from non-falciparum malaria. Compared to microscopy, these tests fail to detect around 5% ofP. vivax cases. This Cochrane Review, in combination with other published information about in vitro test performance and stability in the field, can assist policy-makers to choose between the available RDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Abba
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK.
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A novel carbon nanofibers grown on glass microballoons immunosensor: a tool for early diagnosis of malaria. SENSORS 2014; 14:14686-99. [PMID: 25120159 PMCID: PMC4179075 DOI: 10.3390/s140814686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel method for direct detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein-2 (PfHRP-2) antigen using carbon nanofiber (CNF) forests grown on glass microballoons (NMBs). Secondary antibodies specific to PfHRP-2 densely attached to the CNFs exhibit extraordinary ability for the detection of minute concentrations of Plasmodium species. A sandwich immunoassay protocol was employed, where a glass substrate was used to immobilize primary antibodies at designated capture zones. High signal amplification was obtained in both colorimetric and electrical measurements due to the CNFs through specific binding. As a result, it was possible to detect PfHRP-2 levels as low as 0.025 ng/mL concentration in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) using a visual signal within only 1 min of test duration. Lower limits of 0.01 ng/mL was obtained by measuring the electrical resistivity of the capture zone. This method is also highly selective and specific in identifying PfHRP-2 and other Plasmodium species from the same solution. In addition, the stability of the labeling mechanism eliminates the false signals generated by the use of dyes in current malaria rapid diagnostic test kits (MRDTs). Thus, the rapid, sensitive and high signal amplification capabilities of NMBs is a promising tool for early diagnosis of malaria and other infectious diseases.
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Elahi R, Mohon AN, Khan WA, Haque R, Alam MS. Performance of a HRP-2/pLDH based rapid diagnostic test at the Bangladesh-India-Myanmar border areas for diagnosis of clinical malaria. Malar J 2013; 12:378. [PMID: 24172045 PMCID: PMC4228469 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid diagnostic test (RDT) has been adopted in contemporary malaria control and management programmes around the world as it represents a fast and apt alternative for malaria diagnosis in a resource-limited setting. This study assessed the performance of a HRP-2/pLDH based RDT (Parascreen® Pan/Pf) in a laboratory setting utilizing clinical samples obtained from the field. Methods Whole blood samples were obtained from febrile patients referred for malaria diagnosis by clinicians from two different Upazila Health Complexes (UHCs) located near the Bangladesh-India and Bangladesh-Myanmar border where malaria is endemic. RDT was performed on archived samples and sensitivity and specificity evaluated with expert microscopy (EM) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results A total of 327 clinical samples were made available for the study, of which 153 were Plasmodium falciparum-positive and 54 were Plasmodium vivax-positive. In comparison with EM, for P. falciparum malaria, the RDT had sensitivity: 96.0% (95% CI, 91.2-98.3) and specificity: 98.2% (95% CI, 94.6-99.5) and for P. vivax, sensitivity: 90.7% (95% CI, 78.9-96.5) and specificity: 98.9% (95% CI, 96.5-99.7). Comparison with qPCR showed, for P. falciparum malaria, sensitivity: 95.4% (95% CI, 90.5-98.0) and specificity: 98.8% (95% CI, 95.4-99.7) and for P. vivax malaria, sensitivity: 89.0% (95% CI,77.0-95.4) and specificity: 98.8% (95% CI, 96.5-99.7). Sensitivity varied according to different parasitaemia for falciparum and vivax malaria diagnosis. Conclusion Parascreen® Pan/Pf Rapid test for malaria showed acceptable sensitivity and specificity in border belt endemic areas of Bangladesh when compared with EM and qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mohammad Shafiul Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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