1
|
Archer NM, Gnangnon B, Mikdar M, Ciuculescu MF, Petersen N, Staffa SJ, Duraisingh MT. F-erythrocytes promote Plasmodium falciparum proliferation in sickle cell disease. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:1598-1605. [PMID: 37584425 PMCID: PMC11145631 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) remains prevalent because heterozygous carriers (HbAS) are partially resistant to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Sickle hemoglobin (HbS) polymerization in low and intermediate oxygen (O2 ) conditions is the main driver of HbAS-driven resistance to P. falciparum malaria. However, epidemiological studies have reported mixed malaria morbidity and mortality outcomes in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). While maximum-tolerated dose hydroxyurea has been shown to lower malaria incidence, fetal hemoglobin (HbF), an inhibitor of HbS polymerization that is variably packaged in F-erythrocytes, might provide hemoglobin that is accessible to the parasite for feeding. METHODS To explore that risk, we examined the effect of variable mean corpuscular fetal hemoglobin (MCHF) on P. falciparum proliferation, invasion, and development in HbSS RBCs. RESULTS We found that greater MCHF in HbSS red blood cells (RBCs) is associated with increased P. falciparum proliferation in O2 environments comparable with the microcirculation. Moreover, both parasite invasion and intracellular growth, the major components of proliferation, occur predominantly in F-erythrocytes and are augmented with increasing MCHF. CONCLUSIONS HbF modifies P. falciparum infection in HbSS RBCs, further highlighting the complexity of the molecular interactions between these two diseases. Other inhibitors of HbS polymerization that do not increase HbF or F-erythrocytes should be independently assessed for their effects on P. falciparum malaria proliferation in HbSS RBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M. Archer
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bénédicte Gnangnon
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Communicable Diseases Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mahmoud Mikdar
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marioara F. Ciuculescu
- The TransLab, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole Petersen
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven J. Staffa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manoj T. Duraisingh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Basco LK. Cultivation of Asexual Intraerythrocytic Stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Pathogens 2023; 12:900. [PMID: 37513747 PMCID: PMC10384318 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Successfully developed in 1976, the continuous in vitro culture of Plasmodium falciparum has many applications in the field of malaria research. It has become an important experimental model that directly uses a human pathogen responsible for a high prevalence of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world and is a major source of biological material for immunological, biochemical, molecular, and pharmacological studies. Until present, the basic techniques described by Trager and Jensen and Haynes et al. remain unchanged in many malaria research laboratories. Nonetheless, different factors, including culture media, buffers, serum substitutes and supplements, sources of erythrocytes, and conditions of incubation (especially oxygen concentration), have been modified by different investigators to adapt the original technique in their laboratories or enhance the in vitro growth of the parasites. The possible effects and benefits of these modifications for the continuous cultivation of asexual intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum, as well as future challenges in developing a serum-free cultivation system and axenic cultures, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo K Basco
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), 13005 Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Archer NM, Petersen N, Duraisingh MT. Fetal hemoglobin does not inhibit Plasmodium falciparum growth. Blood Adv 2019; 3:2149-2152. [PMID: 31311778 PMCID: PMC6650726 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
P falciparum growth is not inhibited in either cord or heterozygote hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin erythrocytes. P falciparum growth in fetal hemoglobin erythrocytes is oxygen independent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M Archer
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; and
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Nicole Petersen
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; and
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Manoj T Duraisingh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Awasthi V, Chattopadhyay D, Das J. Potential Hemoglobin A/F role in clinical Malaria. Bioinformation 2017; 13:269-273. [PMID: 28959096 PMCID: PMC5609292 DOI: 10.6026/97320630013269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Malarial parasite resides in the host RBC during its erythrocytic cycle. Plasmodium meets its entire nutritional requirement from RBC. It scavenges the hemoglobin of RBCs to meet its amino acid requirement. The host hemoglobin is made of different chains and it is dependent on age. Hemoglobin F (HbF), which has two-alpha and two gamma chain persists in children upto six years, and hemoglobin A (HbA) made of two alpha and two beta chains dominates. Therefore, it is of interest to compare the compositional features of HbA with HbF. Isoleucine is present in hemoglobin of children (gamma chain of HbF) while it is absent in adult hemoglobin (HbA). The presence of Isoleucine (I) makes HbF ideally suitable for the growth of parasite, as it does not have to depend upon the exogenous supply of the isoleucine, which might be responsible for making children more vulnerable to malaria as compared to adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikky Awasthi
- Immunology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi; Present Address: Regional Medical Research Centre, Belagavi, Nehru Nagar, National Highway No.4, Belagavi-590010, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Jyoti Das
- Immunology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi; Present Address: Regional Medical Research Centre, Belagavi, Nehru Nagar, National Highway No.4, Belagavi-590010, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rehman K, Sauerzopf U, Veletzky L, Lötsch F, Groger M, Ramharter M. Effect of mild medical hypothermia on in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum and the activity of anti-malarial drugs. Malar J 2016; 15:162. [PMID: 26979163 PMCID: PMC4791858 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral malaria remains a medical emergency with high mortality. Hypo-perfusion due to obstructed blood vessels in the brain is thought to play a key role in the pathophysiology of cerebral malaria leading to neurological impairment, long-term neuro-cognitive sequelae and, potentially, death. Due to the rapid reversibility of vascular obstruction caused by sequestered Plasmodium falciparum, it is hypothesized that mild medical hypothermia—a standard intervention for other medical emergencies—may improve clinical outcome. This preclinical in vitro study was performed to assess the impact of mild hypothermia on parasite growth and the intrinsic activity of anti-malarials drugs. Methods Three laboratory-adapted clones and two clinical isolates were used for growth assays and standardized drug sensitivity assessments using the standard HRP2 assay. All assays were performed in parallel under normothermic (37 °C), mild hypothermic (32 °C), and hyperthermic (41 °C) conditions. Results Parasite growth was higher under standard temperature condition than under hypo- or hyperthermia (growth ratio 0.85; IQR 0.25–1.06 and 0.09; IQR 0.05–0.32, respectively). Chloroquine and mefloquine had comparable in vitro activity under mild hypothermic conditions (ratios for IC50 at 37 °C/32 °C: 0.88; 95 % CI 0.25–1.50 and 0.86; 95 % CI 0.36–1.36, respectively) whereas dihydroartemisinin was more active under mild hypothermic conditions (ratio for IC50 at 37 °C/32 °C: 0.27; 95 % CI 0.19–0.27). Hyperthermia led by itself to almost complete growth inhibition and precluded further testing of the activity of anti-malarial drugs. Conclusion This preclinical evaluation demonstrates that mild medical hypothermia inhibits in vitro growth of P. falciparum and enhances the pharmacodynamic activity of artemisinin derivatives. Based on these preclinical pharmacodynamic data, the further clinical development of mild medical hypothermia as adjunctive treatment to parenteral artesunate for cerebral malaria is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Rehman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Sauerzopf
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luzia Veletzky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Lötsch
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjam Groger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Michael Ramharter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Lambaréné, Gabon. .,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|