1
|
Chen Y, Pang Y, Wan H, Zhou X, Wan M, Li S, Liu X. Production of iron-enriched yeast and it's application in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. Biometals 2024; 37:1023-1035. [PMID: 38548904 PMCID: PMC11255036 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-024-00592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most serious forms of malnutrition. Wild type strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have higher tolerance to inorganic iron and higher iron conversion and accumulation capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of S. cerevisiae enriched iron as a potential organic iron supplement on mice with iron deficiency anemia. 60 male Kunming mice (KM mice, with strong adaptability and high reproduction rate, it can be widely used in pharmacology, toxicology, microbiology and other research) were randomly divided into normal control group and iron deficiency diet model group to establish IDA model. After the model was established, IDA mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group, IDA group, organic iron group (ferrous glycinate), inorganic iron group (ferrous sulfate) and S. cerevisiae enriched iron group. Mice in the experimental group were given different kinds of iron by intragastric administration once a day for 4w. The results showed that S. cerevisiae enriched iron had an effective recovery function, and the body weight and hematological parameters of IDA mice returned to normal levels. The activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity in serum were increased. In addition, the strain no. F8, able to grow in an iron-rich environment, was more effective in alleviating IDA and improving organ indices with fewer side effects compared to ferrous glycinate and ferrous sulfate groups. This study suggests that the iron-rich strain no. F8 may play an important role in improving IDA mice and may be developed as a new iron supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Forage Microbiology Engineering, Beijing Da Bei Nong Group, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Yuanxiang Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Forage Microbiology Engineering, Beijing Da Bei Nong Group, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Hongbing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Forage Microbiology Engineering, Beijing Da Bei Nong Group, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Forage Microbiology Engineering, Beijing Da Bei Nong Group, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Mingli Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Forage Microbiology Engineering, Beijing Da Bei Nong Group, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Shengshuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Forage Microbiology Engineering, Beijing Da Bei Nong Group, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Xuelian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Forage Microbiology Engineering, Beijing Da Bei Nong Group, Beijing, 100194, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Taati B, Ganji R, Moradi L, Vosoughi T, Gisouei A. Therapeutic effect of ferrous sulfate in diabetic patients with iron deficiency anaemia: a randomised controlled trial. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:1989-1996. [PMID: 38576965 PMCID: PMC10990329 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are most prevalent disease, that diabetic patients are more prone to IDA. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between patients with diabetes and IDA in relation to taking iron pills daily and every other day to reduce the effects related to it. Ninety-one participants were enroled and randomly divided into two groups, with a final analysis cohort of 72 patients. The primary focus was on changes in serum Hb and Ferritin levels. The screening phase lasted 24 weeks, leading to 72 eligible participants meeting the criteria for entry into the study. Additionally, the study examined alternations in Hb and Hb A1C levels after treating patients with iron deficiency. The Hb and ferritin level contrasts between groups were not significant (P = 0.096 and P = 0.500, respectively). The relationship between Hb A1C and Hb levels before and after treatment was positive and significant (r 2 = 0.187). The results of the present study show that although the effectiveness of using oral iron supplements did not have a significant difference in terms of increasing haemoglobin and ferritin, the use of oral iron once every other day was more effective than the use of oral iron every day, and also in this study Like other studies, this result concluded that there is a negative correlation between Hb A1C and Hb, and to check the status of Hb A1C in diabetics, the level of Hb should be considered first.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Taati
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Reza Ganji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy
| | | | - Tina Vosoughi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz
| | - Amir Gisouei
- Amir Gisouee, Internal Medicine Specialist, Shadegan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fischer JAJ, Pei LX, Elango R, Hou K, Goldfarb DM, Karakochuk CD. Is a Lower Dose of More Bioavailable Iron (18-mg Ferrous Bisglycinate) Noninferior to 60-mg Ferrous Sulfate in Increasing Ferritin Concentrations While Reducing Gut Inflammation and Enteropathogen Detection in Cambodian Women? A Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial. J Nutr 2023; 153:2453-2462. [PMID: 37271416 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global guidelines recommend untargeted iron supplementation for women in regions of anemia prevalence ≥40%, such as Cambodia. However, the potential harms of untargeted iron on the gut have not been rigorously studied in women and likely vary depending on iron dose and form. OBJECTIVES We investigated if a lower dose of a highly bioavailable iron amino acid chelate was as effective as the standard dose of iron salts in increasing ferritin concentrations and whether any differences were observed in gut inflammation or enteropathogen detection. METHODS A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled noninferiority trial was conducted in Cambodia. Nonpregnant women (n = 480, 18-45 y) were randomly assigned to 60-mg ferrous sulfate, 18-mg ferrous bisglycinate, or placebo for 12 wk. Nonfasting blood and stool specimens were collected at baseline and 12 wk. Ferritin and fecal calprotectin were measured with an ELISA. A molecular assay was used to detect 11 enteropathogens in a random subset of n = 100 women. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the adjusted mean difference in ferritin concentrations at 12 wk (primary outcome), as compared with our 'a priori' noninferiority margin of 20 μg/L. RESULTS Baseline anemia and iron deficiency prevalence was low (17% and 6%, respectively). The adjusted mean difference in ferritin concentrations between the iron groups was 14.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.6, 21.6) μg/L. Mean ferritin concentration at 12 wk was higher in the ferrous sulfate (99 [95% CI: 95, 103] μg/L, P < 0.001) than in ferrous bisglycinate (84 [95% CI: 80, 88] μg/L) and placebo groups (78 [95% CI: 74, 82] μg/L). No differences in fecal calprotectin concentrations or enteropathogen detection were observed across groups at 12 wk. CONCLUSIONS Ferrous bisglycinate (18-mg) was not as effective as ferrous sulfate (60-mg) in increasing ferritin concentrations and did not differentially influence biomarkers of gut health in this predominantly iron-replete population of Cambodian women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov registry as NCT04017598.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordie A J Fischer
- Food, Nutrition and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lulu X Pei
- Food, Nutrition and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rajavel Elango
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kroeun Hou
- Helen Keller International, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - David M Goldfarb
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Crystal D Karakochuk
- Food, Nutrition and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fischer JAJ, Cherian AM, Bone JN, Karakochuk CD. The effects of oral ferrous bisglycinate supplementation on hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in adults and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:904-920. [PMID: 36728680 PMCID: PMC10331582 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Iron deficiency and anemia have serious consequences, especially for children and pregnant women. Iron salts are commonly provided as oral supplements to prevent and treat iron deficiency, despite poor bioavailability and frequently reported adverse side effects. Ferrous bisglycinate is a novel amino acid iron chelate that is thought to be more bioavailable and associated with fewer gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events as compared with iron salts. OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to evaluate the effects of ferrous bisglycinate supplementation compared with other iron supplements on hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations and GI adverse events. DATA SOURCES A systematic search of electronic databases and grey literature was performed up to July 17, 2020, yielding 17 RCTs that reported hemoglobin or ferritin concentrations following at least 4 weeks' supplementation of ferrous bisglycinate compared with other iron supplements in any dose or frequency. DATA EXTRACTION Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted among trials of pregnant women (n = 9) and children (n = 4); pooled estimates were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs). Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated for GI adverse events, using Poisson generalized linear mixed-effects models. The remaining trials in other populations (n = 4; men and nonpregnant women) were qualitatively evaluated. DATA ANALYSIS Compared with other iron supplements, supplementation with ferrous bisglycinate for 4-20 weeks resulted in higher hemoglobin concentrations in pregnant women (SMD, 0.54 g/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.94; P < 0.01) and fewer reported GI adverse events (IRR, 0.36; 95%CI, 0.17-0.76; P < 0.01). We observed a non-significant trend for higher ferritin concentrations in pregnant women supplemented with ferrous bisglycinate. No significant differences in hemoglobin or ferritin concentrations were detected among children. CONCLUSION Ferrous bisglycinate shows some benefit over other iron supplements in increasing hemoglobin concentration and reducing GI adverse events among pregnant women. More trials are needed to assess the efficacy of ferrous bisglycinate against other iron supplements in other populations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NO CRD42020196984.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordie A J Fischer
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Healthy Starts, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arlin M Cherian
- Department of Family Practice, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey N Bone
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Crystal D Karakochuk
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Healthy Starts, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stefan MW, Gundermann DM, Sharp MH, Jennings BA, Gheith RH, Lowery RP, LowDog T, Ghatak SB, Barbosa J, Wilson JM. Assessment of the Efficacy of a Low-Dose Iron Supplement in Restoring Iron Levels to Normal Range among Healthy Premenopausal Women with Iron Deficiency without Anemia. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112620. [PMID: 37299583 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Iron deficiency without anemia (IDWA) is a prevalent health concern in premenopausal women. Oral supplementation of iron may be a viable solution to improve blood-iron status in women; however, the effects of a high-dose iron-supplement regimen have been associated with gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-dose liquid fermented iron-bisglycinate supplement (LIS) on improving blood-iron status in premenopausal women with IDWA without increasing constipation or gastrointestinal distress. (2) Methods: 85 premenopausal women with IDWA (ferritin < 70 ng/dL and hemoglobin > 11.0 g/dL) took a LIS (27 mg) or a placebo (PLA) for 8 weeks. Blood draws were taken at Wk0 and Wk8 of the study to measure serum-iron markers. In addition, surveys of gastrointestinal distress were administered at Wk0, Wk4, and Wk8 while the profile of mood states (POMS) was surveyed at Wk0 and Wk8. (3) Results: Compared to the placebo, the LIS was able to increase serum ferritin (p = 0.03), total serum iron (p = 0.03), and mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.02), while exhibiting no significant interaction in subjective gastrointestinal distress (p > 0.05). No significant effects were detected for POMS (p > 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Supplementing with LIS appears to improve blood-iron status without causing significant gastrointestinal distress in premenopausal women with IDWA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Stefan
- The Applied Science and Performance Institute, Research Division, Tampa, FL 33607, USA
| | | | - Matthew H Sharp
- The Applied Science and Performance Institute, Research Division, Tampa, FL 33607, USA
| | - Brooke A Jennings
- The Applied Science and Performance Institute, Research Division, Tampa, FL 33607, USA
| | - Raad H Gheith
- The Applied Science and Performance Institute, Research Division, Tampa, FL 33607, USA
| | - Ryan P Lowery
- The Applied Science and Performance Institute, Research Division, Tampa, FL 33607, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jacob M Wilson
- The Applied Science and Performance Institute, Research Division, Tampa, FL 33607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Falahati V, Ghasemi A, Ghaffari K, Eghbali A, Khodabakhshi S, Almasi-Hashiani A, Sadeghi-Sedeh B, Shanbehzadeh M. Comparison of the effect of ferrous sulfate and ferrous gluconate on prophylaxis of iron deficiency in toddlers 6-24 months old: A randomized clinical trial. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:368. [PMID: 36618468 PMCID: PMC9818626 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1764_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common anemias, especially in children 4-23 months. Therefore, prophylaxis is necessary to improve iron status as well as reduce IDA in Toddlers. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of daily supplementation with ferrous gluconate (FG) and ferrous sulfate (FS) on iron status in toddlers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 healthy toddlers were divided randomly into 2 groups at the Amir-Kabir Hospital, Arak, Iran and received FS and FG from March 2020 to December 2020. Iron status was evaluated at baseline and after 6 months of supplementation. The statistical significance of the differences in iron status between FS and FG groups was calculated using Student's t-test and the Pearson' s Chi-square test for qualitative variables. SPSS software (version 16, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Comparison of iron status of FS and FG groups toddlers at baseline and after 6 months of supplementation showed that there was a significant difference in hemoglobin (Hb) (10.46 vs. 12.45, P = 0.001) and ferritin level (28.08 vs. 59.63, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although prophylaxis with FG led to a higher Hb and ferritin levels, our study recommended that both FG and FS supplements were effective for prophylactic use in the prevention of IDA. However, FG was more effective than FS because FG group that received FG supplementation indicated a higher Hb and ferritin levels in comparison to the FS group that received FS supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Falahati
- Clinical Research Development Center of Amirkabir Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Kazem Ghaffari
- Department of Basic and Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Aziz Eghbali
- Clinical Research Development Center of Aliasghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Khodabakhshi
- Clinical Research Development Center of Amirkabir Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | | | - Mostafa Shanbehzadeh
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Paramedical, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Karregat J, Sweegers MG, Quee FA, Weekamp HH, Swinkels DW, Novotny VMJ, Zaaijer HL, van den Hurk K. Ferritin-guided iron supplementation in whole blood donors: optimal dosage, donor response, return and efficacy (FORTE)-a randomised controlled trial protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056316. [PMID: 35264362 PMCID: PMC8915278 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent whole blood donors have an increased risk of developing iron deficiency. Iron deficiency can have detrimental health effects when left untreated. Donation intervals are commonly too short to replenish iron stores and extending these reduces donor availability. Oral iron supplementation is known to shorten iron store recovery time but may also induce gastrointestinal complaints. We aim to optimise the effectiveness of iron supplements while minimising the risks of side effects. Therefore, we will evaluate the impact of different iron supplementation protocols in terms of dosage and frequency on ferritin and haemoglobin levels, gastrointestinal side effects, iron deficiency-related symptoms and donor return compared with placebo supplementation. METHODS Twelve hundred whole blood donors with ferritin levels ≤30 µg/L are included into a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Participants are randomly allocated to one of six arms, administering capsules containing 0 mg, 30 mg or 60 mg of iron, either on alternate days or daily for 56 days. At baseline and 56, 122 and 182 days of follow-up, ferritin and haemoglobin levels are measured, and compliance, donor return, dietary iron intake, gastrointestinal, iron deficiency-related symptoms and general health are assessed by questionnaire. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study will provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of different frequencies and dosages of administration of iron supplements on iron status and health effects, thereby considering individual differences in treatment adherence and lifestyle. The outcome will provide scientific evidence to guide the debate if and how oral iron supplements may support the recovery of whole blood donors with low ferritin levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NL8590; The Dutch trial registry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Karregat
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maike G Sweegers
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Franke A Quee
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte H Weekamp
- Medical Donor Affairs, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Zwolle, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Dorine W Swinkels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
- Center for Iron Disorders Sanquin, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Vĕra M J Novotny
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Hans L Zaaijer
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Virology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Katja van den Hurk
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bumrungpert A, Pavadhgul P, Piromsawasdi T, Mozafari MR. Efficacy and Safety of Ferrous Bisglycinate and Folinic Acid in the Control of Iron Deficiency in Pregnant Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030452. [PMID: 35276810 PMCID: PMC8839493 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency in pregnancy is a major public health problem that causes maternal complications. The objective of this randomized, controlled trial was to examine the bioavailability, efficacy, and safety of oral ferrous bisglycinate plus folinic acid supplementation in pregnant women with iron deficiency. Subjects (12−16 weeks of gestation, n = 120) were randomly allocated to receive oral iron as ferrous bisglycinate (equiv. iron 24 mg) in supplement form with folinic acid and multivitamins (test group, n = 60) or as ferrous fumarate (equiv. iron 66 mg iron, control group, n = 60) after breakfast daily. Iron absorption was assessed by measuring fasted serum iron levels at 1 and 2 h immediately after supplementation. Hematological biomarkers and iron status were assessed before intervention, and at 3 and 6 months. Side effects were monitored throughout the intervention. A significant increase in serum iron was seen in both groups (p < 0.001) during the bioavailability assessment; however, the test group increases were comparatively higher than the control values at each timepoint (p < 0.001). Similarly, both test and control groups demonstrated a statistically significant increases in hemoglobin (Hb) (p < 0.001), erythrocytes (p < 0.001), reticulocytes (p < 0.001), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (p < 0.001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (p < 0.001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p < 0.001), % transferrin saturation (p < 0.001), and ferritin (p < 0.001) at 3 and 6 months after supplementation. However, in all cases, the test group increases were numerically larger than the control group increases at each timepoint. The test intervention was also associated with significantly fewer reports of nausea, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, or metallic taste (p < 0.001). In conclusion, ferrous bisglycinate with folinic acid as a multivitamin nutraceutical format is comparable to standard ferrous fumarate for the clinical management of iron deficiency during pregnancy, with comparatively better absorption, tolerability, and efficacy and with a lower elemental iron dosage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akkarach Bumrungpert
- Research Center of Nutraceuticals and Natural Products for Health & Anti-Aging, College of Integrative Medicine, Dhurakij Pundit University, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-65163-5419
| | - Patcharanee Pavadhgul
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Theera Piromsawasdi
- Health Promotion Hospital, Health Center Region 5, Ratchaburi 70000, Thailand;
| | - M. R. Mozafari
- Australasian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative (ANNI), Monash University LPO, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chavan S, Rana P, Tripathi R, Tekur U. Comparison of efficacy & safety of iron polymaltose complex & ferrous ascorbate with ferrous sulphate in pregnant women with iron-deficiency anaemia. Indian J Med Res 2021; 154:78-84. [PMID: 34782532 PMCID: PMC8715685 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1753_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a common nutritional deficiency among pregnant women in India. It has a significant impact on the health of the mother as well as that of the foetus. IDA generally responds well to treatment with oral iron supplementation. However, oral iron supplements are toxic to the gastrointestinal mucosa and intolerance is common, resulting in poor compliance and failure of treatment. The iron salts such as iron hydroxide polymaltose complex (IPC) and ferrous ascorbate (FeA) are claimed to have low gastrointestinal intolerance, therefore better patient compliance than the conventionally used ferrous sulphate (FS). These preparations also claim to increase haemoglobin level faster as well as improve the iron storage better than FS. This study was done to compare the efficacy and safety of FS with IPC and FeA. Methods It was a randomized, parallel, open label, study among pregnant women of gestational age between 12 to 26 wk with moderate anaemia. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either FS, IPC or FeA. They were then followed up for 90 days to observe for improvement in the haemoglobin levels and other haematological parameters or any adverse drug reaction. Results The haemoglobin levels were comparable in the three groups except at day 90 when FeA group had significantly higher haemoglobin level as compared to FS group (P<0.05). The overall adverse effect profiles were also comparable among the study groups except epigastric pain which was more commonly reported in the FS group. Interpretation & conclusions The results of the study showed that FS, IPC and FeA have comparable efficacy and safety profile in the treatment of IDA of pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyash Chavan
- Department of Pharmacolog, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Proteesh Rana
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER & Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Reva Tripathi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Tekur
- Department of Pharmacolog, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bai S, Cao S, Ma X, Li X, Liao X, Zhang L, Zhang M, Zhang R, Hou S, Luo X, Lu L. Organic iron absorption and expression of related transporters in the small intestine of broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101182. [PMID: 34198093 PMCID: PMC8253913 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic Fe sources on Fe absorption and expression of related transporters in the small intestine of broilers. Iron-deficient intact broilers (7-day-old) were fed an Fe-unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 60 mg Fe/kg as Fe sulfate (FeSO4•7H2O), Fe-Met with weak chelation strength (Fe-Met W), Fe-proteinate with moderate chelation strength (Fe-Prot M) or Fe-proteinate with extremely strong chelation strength (Fe-Prot ES) for 14 d. The plasma Fe contents were enhanced (P < 0.02) by Fe addition, and greater (P < 0.0002) in Fe-Prot M and Fe-Prot ES groups than in Fe-Met W and FeSO4 groups. Supplemental Fe decreased (P < 0.03) the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) mRNA levels in the duodenum and jejunum, and ferroportin 1 (FPN1) mRNA levels in the duodenum on d 21, but no differences (P > 0.20) were detected among different Fe sources. Regardless of Fe source, the mRNA levels of DMT1 and FPN1 were higher (P < 0.02) in the duodenum than in the jejunum and ileum, and in the jejunum than in the ileum (P < 0.05). However, Fe addition did not affect (P > 0.10) the mRNA levels of amino acid transporters and protein levels of DMT1 and FPN1 in the small intestine of broilers. These results indicate that organic Fe sources with stronger chelation strength showed higher Fe absorption in broilers in vivo; the mRNA expression of Fe and amino acid transporters varied along with the extension of the small intestine; the absorption of Fe as organic Fe chelates was not mediated by the amino acid transporters in intact chicks in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Bai
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China; Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Sumei Cao
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China; Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xuelian Ma
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xiudong Liao
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Minhong Zhang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Rijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Shuisheng Hou
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xugang Luo
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
DiSilvestro RA, Joseph E, Diehl J, Swain CB. Ferritin readings in young adult, female university student recreational runners. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126617. [PMID: 32653832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elite female athletes have shown vulnerability to various degrees of iron deficiency. Less is known about recreational fitness exercisers. A study was done to examine plasma ferritin, an assessor of iron status, in young adult, university student fitness runners. METHODS The present study examined serum ferritin concentrations, an indicator of iron status, in 39 female university students (age 18-25) who ran for fitness, but ran less than competition runners. Selected subjects all reported themselves as not anemic. RESULTS Mean + SD for 3 mile run time was 26.25 + 3.0 min. The mean ferritin reading was low: 12.4 + 12.3 ng/mL (+ SD). Out of the 39 women, 29 had readings that fell below 15 ng/mL, which some consider the cutoff for iron deficiency. In addition, all but 2 subjects had values below 35, which has been proposed as Stage 1 iron deficiency for athletes. Ferritin levels did not correlate with 3 mile run times (Pearson correlation coefficient, P > 0.05). A 1 mo intervention with 3 minerals that included iron (36 mg/day) significantly raised ferritin values when the iron was bisglycinate (p < 0.05), but not when it was ferrous sulfate (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION In this study, a degree of iron deficiency was seen in most of a group of female fitness runners (each of whom had self reported as not being anemic).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason Diehl
- OSU Sports Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carmen B Swain
- Kinesiology The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fischer JA, Pei LX, Goldfarb DM, Albert A, Elango R, Kroeun H, Karakochuk CD. Is untargeted iron supplementation harmful when iron deficiency is not the major cause of anaemia? Study protocol for a double-blind, randomised controlled trial among non-pregnant Cambodian women. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037232. [PMID: 32801202 PMCID: PMC7430471 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The WHO recommends daily oral iron supplementation for 12 weeks in women and adolescents where anaemia prevalence is greater than 40%. However, if iron deficiency is not a major cause of anaemia, then, at best, untargeted iron supplementation is a waste of resources; at worst, it could cause harm. Further, different forms of iron with varying bioavailability may present greater risks of harm. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A 12-week three-arm, double-blind, randomised controlled supplementation trial was conducted in Cambodia to determine if there is potential harm associated with untargeted iron supplementation. We will recruit and randomise 480 non-pregnant women (ages 18-45 years) to receive one of three interventions: 60 mg elemental iron as ferrous sulfate (the standard, commonly used form), 18 mg ferrous bisglycinate (a highly bioavailable iron amino acid chelate) or placebo. We will measure ferritin concentrations (to evaluate non-inferiority between the two forms of iron), as well as markers of potential harm in blood and stool (faecal calprotectin, gut pathogen abundance and DNA damage) at baseline and 12 weeks. Mixed-effects generalised linear models will be used to assess the effect of iron on ferritin concentration and markers of potential harm at 12 weeks. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from the University of British Columbia Clinical Research Ethics Board (H18-02610), the Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia Research Ethics Board (H18-02610) and the National Ethics Committee for Health Research in Cambodia (273-NECHR). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented to stakeholders and policymakers globally and shared within participants' communities. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04017598).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordie Aj Fischer
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Healthy Starts, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lulu X Pei
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Healthy Starts, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David M Goldfarb
- Healthy Starts, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arianne Albert
- Department of Biostatistics, Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rajavel Elango
- Healthy Starts, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hou Kroeun
- Helen Keller International Cambodia, Phnom Penh, British Columbia, Cambodia
| | - Crystal D Karakochuk
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Healthy Starts, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Monitoring oral iron therapy in children with iron deficiency anemia: an observational, prospective, multicenter study of AIEOP patients (Associazione Italiana Emato-Oncologia Pediatrica). Ann Hematol 2020; 99:413-420. [PMID: 31965272 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-03906-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral ferrous salts are standard treatment for children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The objective of our study was to monitor oral iron therapy in children, aged 3 months-12 years, with IDA. We prospectively collected clinical and hematological data of children with IDA, from 15 AIEOP (Associazione Italiana di Ematologia ed. Oncologia Pediatrica) centers. Response was measured by the increase of Hb from baseline. Of the 107 analyzed patients, 18 received ferrous gluconate/sulfate 2 mg/kg (ferrous 2), 7 ferrous gluconate/sulfate 4 mg/kg (ferrous 4), 7 ferric iron salts 2 mg/kg (ferric), 62 bis-glycinate iron 0.45 mg/kg (glycinate), and 13 liposomal iron 0.7-1.4 mg/kg (liposomal). Increase in reticulocytes was evident at 3 days, while Hb increase appeared at 2 weeks. Gain of Hb at 2 and 8 weeks revealed a higher median increase in both ferrous 2 and ferrous 4 groups. Gastro-intestinal side effects were reported in 16% (ferrous 2), 14% (ferrous 4), 6% (glycinate), and 0 (ferric and liposomal) patients. The reticulocyte counts significantly increased after 3 days from the start of oral iron supplementation. Bis-glycinate iron formulation had a good efficacy/safety profile and offers an acceptable alternative to ferrous iron preparations.
Collapse
|
14
|
Mayer C, Barker MK, Dirk P, Moore KM, McCrudden E, Karakochuk CD. Menstrual blood losses and body mass index are associated with serum ferritin concentrations among female varsity athletes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:723-730. [PMID: 31869248 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preventing and treating iron deficiency are important components in the nutritional care of female varsity athletes, as these interventions may improve aerobic endurance and athletic performance. We examined the factors associated with ferritin concentration in 30 female varsity athletes (18-30 years) at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. Biochemical indicators of iron and inflammation status, dietary intake, supplementation practices, weight, height, and menstrual blood losses were assessed. Iron deficiency prevalence was 20% (n = 6/30; inflammation-adjusted ferritin <15 μg/L). Multiple linear regression was used to assess the associations of a number of independent explanatory variables with log-transformed serum ferritin (μg/L) as the continuous outcome variable. A 1-unit increase in body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) was associated with 22% (95% CI: 9%-37%) higher mean ferritin concentrations, and a 1-point increase in menstrual loss score was associated with 1% (95% CI: 1%-2%) lower ferritin concentrations. Hemoglobin and hepcidin concentrations, inflammation biomarkers, consumption of iron supplements in any form or dose for ≥3 days/week, and age were not significantly associated with ferritin concentrations in the final adjusted model. Novelty Estimated monthly menstrual losses and BMI were associated with serum ferritin concentrations in female athletes in our study. These are easy-to-measure, noninvasive measurements that should be considered in the assessment of risk of iron deficiency in female athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara Mayer
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Mikaela K Barker
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Payge Dirk
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kelsey M Moore
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Emma McCrudden
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, 6081 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Crystal D Karakochuk
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of morbidity and premature mortality and represents a significant global public health issue. Underlying this burden are the many complications of CKD, including mineral and bone disorders, anemia, and accelerated cardiovascular disease. Hyperphosphatemia and elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) have been identified as key independent risk factors for the adverse cardiovascular outcomes that frequently occur in patients with CKD. Auryxia® (ferric citrate; Keryx Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Boston, MA, USA) is an iron-based compound with distinctive chemical characteristics and a mechanism of action that render it dually effective as a therapy in patients with CKD; it has been approved as a phosphate binder for the control of serum phosphate levels in adult CKD patients treated with dialysis and as an iron replacement product for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in adult CKD patients not treated with dialysis. This review focuses on Auryxia, its mechanism of action, and the clinical attributes that differentiate it from other, non-pharmaceutical-grade, commercially available forms of ferric citrate and from other commonly used phosphate binder and iron supplement therapies for patients with CKD. Consistent with the chemistry and mechanism of action of Auryxia, multiple clinical studies have demonstrated its efficacy in both lowering serum phosphate levels and improving iron parameters in patients with CKD. Levels of FGF23 decrease significantly with Auryxia treatment, but the effects associated with the cardiovascular system remain to be evaluated in longer-term studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ganz
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- CHS 47-200J, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- CHS 47-200J, Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Avi Bino
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Isidro B Salusky
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wan D, Wu Q, Ni H, Liu G, Ruan Z, Yin Y. Treatments for Iron Deficiency (ID): Prospective Organic Iron Fortification. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:325-332. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190319111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency, one of the most common nutritional deficient disorders, frequently affects infants,
adolescents and pregnant women and impairs growth, development and immune responses. Iron deficiency may
also be secondary to gastrointestinal conditions such as gastrectomy and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as
cancer and chronic uremia. Iron supplementation is the most commonly selected treatment option for iron deficiency.
This review summarizes the iron compounds currently recommended for the iron fortification of foods
and for clinical use. Additionally, this review discusses and compares the important aspects of high-quality iron
compounds/products and classes of compounds that enhance iron bioavailability. The development of efficient
iron fortification methods remains the most cost-effective and long-term approach to the treatment of iron deficiency
or related anemia. To date, no orally administered options for iron fortification can sufficiently replace the
parenteral administration of iron supplements, which includes the intramuscular injection of iron-dextran to neonatal
piglets and intravenous injection of iron supplements to patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Iron
bioavailability may be enhanced by encouraging customers to ingest iron-enriched foods together with dietary
sources of vitamin C, folic acid and/or oligosaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hengjia Ni
- Academician Workstation of Hunan Baodong Farming Co. Ltd., Hunan 422001, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Feralgine™ a New Approach for Iron Deficiency Anemia in Celiac Patients. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040887. [PMID: 31009990 PMCID: PMC6520849 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an immunologically-mediated disorder characterized by duodenal mucosa villi atrophy. Iron absorption is usually reduced in celiac patients making every kind of oral iron treatment unhelpful because of malasorption. Feralgine™ is a new product that has been demonstrated to be more bioavailable. As such, the aim of our study was to evaluate the absorption of Feralgine™ in adult patients with CD. Methods: Twenty-six adults affected by Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), of which 14 were also affected by CD and 12 were not affected by CD, were enrolled. An oral iron absorption test (OIAT) was performed in each patient by administrating Feralgine™, and serum iron was evaluated at baseline (T0) and after 2 h (T1) from the oral iron ingestion. Results: The OIAT was well tolerated in all patients, and, surprisingly, an equivalent statistically significant improvement in serum iron occurred in the two groups of patients (IDA plus CD: T0 = 28.21 µg/dL vs. T1 = 94.14 µg/dL p = 0.004 and IDA without CD: T0 = 34.91 µg/dL vs. T1 = 118.83 µg/dL, p = 0.0003). Conclusions: These results demonstrated the high absorption of Feralgine™ in celiac patients, confirming our previous data obtained with Ferrous Bysglicinate in children with CD.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kessy JP, Philemon RN, Lukambagire A, Abdulrahmani M, Urio G, Beyanga G, Musyoka A, Ndaro A, Mwitalemi R, Maro M, Majaliwa E, Kinabo GD, Mmbaga BT. Iron Depletion, Iron Deficiency, and Iron Deficiency Anaemia Among Children Under 5 Years Old in Kilimanjaro, Northern Tanzania: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study. East Afr Health Res J 2019; 3:42-47. [PMID: 34308194 PMCID: PMC8279273 DOI: 10.24248/eahrj-d-18-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Iron depletion results from reduced iron stores, and it is an early stage of disease progression before iron deficiency, which leads to iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). IDA is associated with delayed infant growth and development, diminished cognitive function, poor academic performance, decreased exercise tolerance, and impaired immune function. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of iron depletion and IDA and factors associated with low ferritin levels among children under 5-years-old receiving care at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) in Moshi, Tanzania. Methods: Under-5 children presenting at KCMC were successively enrolled and screened for iron depletion and IDA using complete blood count and serum ferritin levels. The generally accepted World Health Organization cut-off levels for normal haemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin level were used. Iron depletion, iron deficiency, and IDA prevalences were estimated in relation to the combination measures of haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and ferritin levels. Dietary and sociodemographic characteristic of the children were recorded after parents or caretakers provided informed consent. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 21.0. Results: A total of 303 children aged 2 to 59 months were enrolled in the study. Anaemia was detected in169 (55.8%) children. Children aged 2 to 12 months had a higher prevalence of anaemia (n=101, 60.1%). The overall prevalences of iron depletion, iron deficiency with no anaemia, and IDA were 2.6% (n=8), 9.6% (n=29), and 28.1% (n=84), respectively. Low ferritin levels were detected in 124 (40.9%) children. Drinking more than 500 ml of cow's milk per day was associated with an increased risk of anaemia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6 to 12.1) relative to those not drinking cow's milk. Children whose families had meals that included beef more than 3 times per week were less likely to have low ferritin (AOR 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.3), though the difference was not significant. Conclusion: The IDA prevalence among children in the Kilimanjaro area was high, with more than 50% of infants being anaemic. Drinking cow's milk was associated with an increased risk of IDA. Future community-based research is recommended to elucidate more details about iron deficiency in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas P Kessy
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Rune N Philemon
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Abdul Lukambagire
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | | | - Glory Urio
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Godian Beyanga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Augustine Musyoka
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Arnord Ndaro
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Ronald Mwitalemi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Maria Maro
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Ester Majaliwa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Grace D Kinabo
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lynch S, Pfeiffer CM, Georgieff MK, Brittenham G, Fairweather-Tait S, Hurrell RF, McArdle HJ, Raiten DJ. Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND)-Iron Review. J Nutr 2018; 148:1001S-1067S. [PMID: 29878148 PMCID: PMC6297556 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxx036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the fifth in the series of reviews developed as part of the Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) program. The BOND Iron Expert Panel (I-EP) reviewed the extant knowledge regarding iron biology, public health implications, and the relative usefulness of currently available biomarkers of iron status from deficiency to overload. Approaches to assessing intake, including bioavailability, are also covered. The report also covers technical and laboratory considerations for the use of available biomarkers of iron status, and concludes with a description of research priorities along with a brief discussion of new biomarkers with potential for use across the spectrum of activities related to the study of iron in human health.The I-EP concluded that current iron biomarkers are reliable for accurately assessing many aspects of iron nutrition. However, a clear distinction is made between the relative strengths of biomarkers to assess hematological consequences of iron deficiency versus other putative functional outcomes, particularly the relationship between maternal and fetal iron status during pregnancy, birth outcomes, and infant cognitive, motor and emotional development. The I-EP also highlighted the importance of considering the confounding effects of inflammation and infection on the interpretation of iron biomarker results, as well as the impact of life stage. Finally, alternative approaches to the evaluation of the risk for nutritional iron overload at the population level are presented, because the currently designated upper limits for the biomarker generally employed (serum ferritin) may not differentiate between true iron overload and the effects of subclinical inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine M Pfeiffer
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michael K Georgieff
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Gary Brittenham
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Susan Fairweather-Tait
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7JT, UK
| | - Richard F Hurrell
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harry J McArdle
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
| | - Daniel J Raiten
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Name JJ, Vasconcelos AR, Valzachi Rocha Maluf MC. Iron Bisglycinate Chelate and Polymaltose Iron for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Pilot Randomized Trial. Curr Pediatr Rev 2018; 14:261-268. [PMID: 30280670 PMCID: PMC6416187 DOI: 10.2174/1573396314666181002170040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is a major public health problem worldwide. Iron Bisglycinate Chelate (FeBC) and polymaltose iron (FeP) are used for the treatment of IDA and exhibit good tolerability with a low incidence of adverse effects. However, these compounds have important differences in their structures and bioavailability. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of oral supplementation with FeBC and FeP in anemic children. METHODS In this double-blind study, children aged 1 to 13 years who were diagnosed with IDA were randomly divided into two groups: i) FeBC, supplemented with iron bisglycinate chelate, and ii) FeP, supplemented with polymaltose iron (3.0 mg iron/kg body weight/day for 45 days for both groups). RESULTS Both treatments resulted in significant increases in hemoglobin levels, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Cell Distribution Width (RDW) and in a reduction of transferrin levels, relative to initial values. However, only FeBC treatment significantly increased ferritin and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) levels. A significant negative correlation was observed between the increase in ferritin and initial hemoglobin levels in the FeBC group, indicating that the absorption of FeBC is regulated by the body iron demand. CONCLUSION These results provide preliminary evidence to suggest a greater efficacy of FeBC than FeP in increasing iron stores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José João Name
- Kilyos Assessoria, Consultoria, Cursos e Palestras, Sao Paulo, 01311-100, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Maternal dietary supplementation with ferrous N-carbamylglycinate chelate affects sow reproductive performance and iron status of neonatal piglets. Animal 2018; 12:1372-1379. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117003172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
22
|
Bagna R, Spada E, Mazzone R, Saracco P, Boetti T, Cester EA, Bertino E, Coscia A. Efficacy of Supplementation with Iron Sulfate Compared to Iron Bisglycinate Chelate in Preterm Infants. Curr Pediatr Rev 2018; 14:123-129. [PMID: 29366419 PMCID: PMC6416193 DOI: 10.2174/1573396314666180124101059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strategies to prevent anaemia in preterm infants include drawing fewer blood samples, the use of recombinant human erythropoietin and iron supplementation. Although iron sulfate is the most commonly used pharmaceutical formulation for iron supplementation, there are few studies comparing different iron salts in infants. OBJECTIVE This is a study of retrospective data comparison of two groups of preterm infants receiving erythropoietin to evaluate the efficacy of iron bisglycinate chelate to iron sulfate. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Three-hundred infants of gestational age ≤32 weeks were enrolled: 225 were supplemented with iron sulfate (3 mg/kg/day) and 75 were supplemented with iron bisglycinate chelate (0.75 mg/kg/day). The effect on erythropoiesis was assessed with a general linear model that estimates the response variables (values for Haemoglobin, Haematocrit, absolute values and percentage Reticulocytes, Reticulocyte Haemoglobin content) based on treatment, time, birth weight, and gestational age. RESULTS Supplementation with iron bisglycinate chelate at a dose of 0.75 mg/kg/day demonstrated an efficacy comparable to iron sulfate at a dose of 3 mg/kg/day in both populations of preterm infants. The two cohorts had similar erythropoietic response, without significant differences. CONCLUSIONS The higher bioavailability of iron bisglycinate chelate resulted in a lower load of elemental iron, a quarter of the dose, and achieved equivalent efficacy compared to iron sulfate. Iron bisglycinate chelate may appear to be an alternative to iron sulfate in the prevention and treatment of preterm newborn anaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Bagna
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, Citta della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Spada
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaela Mazzone
- SS Haematology and Coagulation, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Citta della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Saracco
- SS Paediatric Haematology, University Department of Paediatric Science, Citta della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Tatiana Boetti
- Paediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, Asti, Italy
| | - Elena Andrea Cester
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, Citta della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, Citta della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, Citta della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jung DW, Park JH, Kim DH, Choi M, Kim S, Kim H, Seul DE, Park SG, Jung JH, Han K, Park YG. Association between serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels and bone health in Korean adolescents: A nationwide population-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9403. [PMID: 29390554 PMCID: PMC5758256 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to identify risk factors for low bone mass at a young age. An influence of iron store on bone health in the general population has been reported but has not been studied in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels and bone mineral content (BMC) in South Korean adolescents.This study was based on data collected during the 2009to 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We included 1321 participants aged 10 to 18 years. BMC was measured at the femur and lumbar spine using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were examined.In boys, hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were positively associated with BMC of the total femur and lumbar spine after adjusting for confounders, and hemoglobin levels significantly increased as BMC increased at all sites (P for trend = .001 for total femur, .01 for femur neck, and <.001 for lumbar spine). Likewise, serum ferritin levels showed increasing trends according to increasing BMC of the total femur and lumbar spine in boys (P for trend = .04 for total femur; and <.001 for lumbar spine). However, these associations were not observed in girls.This study suggests a positive relationship between serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels and BMC in South Korean adolescent boys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine
| | - Joo-Hyun Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine
| | - Do-Hoon Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine
| | - Moonyoung Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine
| | - Shinhye Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine
| | - Hyonchong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine
| | - Da-eun Seul
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine
| | - Soo Gyeong Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University, College of Medicine
| | - Jin-Hyung Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jain R, Omanakuttan D, Singh A, Jajoo M. Effect of iron supplementation in children with breath holding spells. J Paediatr Child Health 2017; 53:749-753. [PMID: 28568906 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of iron supplementation in children with breath holding spells, irrespective of their iron status and study the factors associated with the response. METHODS This was a prospective interventional study. Study population comprised of patients aged 6-36 months, attending a paediatric outpatient department with recurrent episodes (more than three in last 4 weeks) of breath holding spells. Children with loss of consciousness or convulsive movements associated with breath holding spells were considered as severe. After baseline investigations, all enrolled patients were given elemental iron at the dose of 3 mg/kg/day as a single daily dose. Four weekly follow-ups were done until 3 months after initiation of the intervention. At 12 weeks, investigations were repeated and outcome assessed for remission or decrease in severity of breath holding episodes. RESULTS A total of 100 children with breath holding spells received iron supplementation. Almost 73% of children showed complete response, with another 23% showing greater than 50% reduction in frequency. Frequency of spells at diagnosis and intolerance to oral iron were significantly associated with poor response to iron supplementation. Other factors such as age at onset, age at presentation, severity of spells, anaemia and serum iron parameters had no significant association with the response. Of the 27 children without iron deficiency (serum ferritin ≥ 30 µg/L), 77.7% responded completely to iron supplementation, similar to the iron-deficient group. CONCLUSIONS Iron supplementation is effective in the management of breath holding spells. Non-anaemic and iron-replete children with breath holding spells also respond well to iron supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, New Delhi, India
| | - Divin Omanakuttan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, New Delhi, India
| | - Amitabh Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, New Delhi, India
| | - Mamta Jajoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Krul L, Kremer BHA, Luijckx NBL, Leeman WR. Quantifiable risk–benefit assessment of micronutrients: From theory to practice. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:3729-3746. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1162765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Krul
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Bas H. A. Kremer
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | - Winfried R. Leeman
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kheiri R, Koohi MK, Sadeghi-Hashjin G, Nouri H, Khezli N, Hassan MA, Hoomani F, Shams G, Rasouli A, Motaghinejad M. Comparison of the Effects of Iron Oxide, as a New Form of Iron Supplement, and Ferrous Sulfate on the Blood Levels of Iron and Total Iron-Binding Globulin in the Rabbit. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 42:79-84. [PMID: 28293054 PMCID: PMC5337769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide is an important biological agent that has a key role in medical processes; however, the mechanism whereby it provides iron for human and animal cells and its biological uses remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effects of oral iron oxide on serum iron status and compare the results with those of iron sulfate as a reference salt. Fifteen adult rabbits were divided into 3 groups of 5 each: control group, iron sulfate group, and iron oxide group. The groups received doses of 3.3, 10, and 33 mg/kg in 3 experiments. Venous blood samples were obtained just before the oral administration of iron sulfate and iron oxide (3.3 mg/kg). More blood samples were taken 3 times at the time points of 1, 6, and 12 hours after the administration of the solutions. Serum was separated for the measurement of iron (Fe) and total iron-binding globulin (TIBG) with routine methods. One week later, the same experiment was repeated with 10 mg/kg of iron sulfate and iron oxide; and 1 week later after the second experiment, again the same experiment was repeated with 33 mg/kg of iron sulfate and iron oxide. The results showed that 33 mg/kg of iron sulfate 1 hour after treatment caused a significant difference in the Fe and TIBG levels between all the groups (P=0.014 for Fe and P=0.027 for TIBG). Our data showed that the absorption of iron oxide was similar to that of ferrous sulfate and in high doses was as useful as iron supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Kheiri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Koohi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hadiseh Nouri
- Pharmacology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Khezli
- Pharmacology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Hoomani
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shams
- Pharmacology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rasouli
- Pharmacology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Razi Institute for Drug Research, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence: Majid Motaghinejad, PhD; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and Razi Institute for Drug Research, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6183, Tehran, Iran Tel: +98 21 88622696 Fax: +98 21 88622696
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mazza GA, Marrazzo S, Gangemi P, Battaglia E, Giancotti L, Miniero R. Oral iron absorption test with ferrous bisglycinate chelate in children with celiac disease. Minerva Pediatr 2016; 71:139-143. [PMID: 27830928 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.16.04718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CD) is an immunologically-mediated enteropathy resulting in small-bowel mucosal villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia. Iron malabsorption is usually observed in CD. Only few studies investigated oral iron absorption in subjects with gastrointestinal diseases and Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), using the oral iron absorption test (OIAT). We considered useful to investigate the OIAT, using ferrous bisglycinate chelate (FBC), in patients with CD at diagnosis or on gluten free diet (GFD) from at least 1 year. METHODS A total of 25 patients with CD (3-18 years old) and iron depletion, at diagnosis of CD (N.=12) or on GFD from at least 12 months (N.=13), were considered. Serum iron was evaluated at baseline (T0) and after 3 hours (T1) from the oral iron ingestion. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 21.0 software for Mac. RESULTS OIAT was well tolerated by all patients. An important increase of the serum iron at T1, of at least twice the baseline values, occurred in all patients except in one (P value <0.0005). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated good efficacy of the FBC, not only in patients with CD on GFD but also in children with newly diagnosed CD with the characteristic intestinal lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe A Mazza
- Unit of Pediatrics, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Santina Marrazzo
- Unit of Pediatrics, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pietro Gangemi
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Laura Giancotti
- Unit of Pediatrics, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberto Miniero
- Unit of Pediatrics, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy -
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang B, Yang T, Wang Q, Zhang G, Huo J, Huang J, Wang L. Fabrication of uniform alginate-agarose microcapsules loading FeSO4 using water-oil-water-oil multiple emulsions system combined with premix membrane emulsification technique. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
29
|
Xiao C, Lei X, Wang Q, Du Z, Jiang L, Chen S, Zhang M, Zhang H, Ren F. Effects of a Tripeptide Iron on Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 169:211-7. [PMID: 26109335 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of a tripeptide iron (REE-Fe) on iron-deficiency anemia rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups: a normal control group, an iron-deficiency control group, and iron-deficiency groups treated with ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), ferrous glycinate (Fe-Gly), or REE-Fe at low-, medium-, or high-dose groups. The rats in the iron-deficiency groups were fed on an iron-deficient diet to establish iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) model. After the model established, different iron supplements were given to the rats once a day by intragastric administration for 21 days. The results showed that REE-Fe had effective restorative action returning body weight, organ coefficients, and hematological parameters in IDA rats to normal level. In addition, comparing with FeSO4 or Fe-Gly, high-dose REE-Fe was more effective on improving the levels of renal coefficient, total iron-binding capacity, and transferrin. Furthermore, the liver hepcidin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the high-dose group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the FeSO4 or Fe-Gly group and showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) with the normal control group. The findings suggest that REE-Fe is an effective source of iron supplement for IDA rats and might be exploited as a new iron fortifier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xiao
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, and Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 287, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Qingyu Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, and Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 287, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyao Du
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, and Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 287, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, and Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 287, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Silu Chen
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, and Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 287, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, and Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 287, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, and Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 287, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wan D, Zhou X, Xie C, Shu X, Wu X, Yin Y. Toxicological evaluation of ferrous N-carbamylglycinate chelate: Acute, Sub-acute toxicity and mutagenicity. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 73:644-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|