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González-Iglesias V, Martínez-Pérez I, Rodríguez Suárez V, Fernández-Somoano A. Spatial distribution of hospital admissions for asthma in the central area of Asturias, Northern Spain. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:787. [PMID: 37118792 PMCID: PMC10141842 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asturias is one of the communities with the highest rates of hospital admission for asthma in Spain. The environmental pollution or people lifestyle are some of the factors that contribute to the appearance or aggravation of this illness. The aim of this study was to show the spatial distribution of asthma admissions risks in the central municipalities of Asturias and to analyze the observed spatial patterns. METHODS Urgent hospital admissions for asthma and status asthmaticus occurred between 2016 to 2018 on the public hospitals of the central area of Asturias were used. Population data were assigned in 5 age groups. Standardised admission ratio (SAR), smoothed relative risk (SRR) and posterior risk probability (PP) were calculated for each census tract (CT). A spatial trend analysis was run, a spatial autocorrelation index (Morans I) was calculated and a cluster and outlier analysis (Anselin Local Morans I) was finally performed in order to analyze spatial clusters. RESULTS The total number of hospital urgent asthma admissions during the study period was 2324, 1475 (63.46%) men and 849 (36.56%) women. The municipalities with the highest values of SRR and PP were located on the northwest area: Avilés, Gozón, Carreño, Corvera de Asturias, Castrillón and Illas. A high risk cluster was found for the municipalities of Avilés, Gozón y Corvera de Asturias. CONCLUSIONS The spatial analysis showed high risk of hospitalization for asthma on the municipalities of the northwest area of the study, which highlight the existence of spatial inequalities on the distribution of urgent hospital admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica González-Iglesias
- Departamento de Medicina, IUOPA-Área de Medicina Preventiva Y Salud Pública, Universidad de Oviedo. C/Julián Clavería S/N, 33006, Oviedo (Asturias), Spain
| | - Isabel Martínez-Pérez
- Departamento de Medicina, IUOPA-Área de Medicina Preventiva Y Salud Pública, Universidad de Oviedo. C/Julián Clavería S/N, 33006, Oviedo (Asturias), Spain.
| | - Valentín Rodríguez Suárez
- Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Salud, Principado de Asturias, C/ Ciriaco Miguel Vigil, 9, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Departamento de Medicina, IUOPA-Área de Medicina Preventiva Y Salud Pública, Universidad de Oviedo. C/Julián Clavería S/N, 33006, Oviedo (Asturias), Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida Roma, S/N, 33001, Oviedo, Spain
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Functional Data Analysis for the Detection of Outliers and Study of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Air Quality: A Case Study in Gijón, Spain. MATHEMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/math10142374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution, especially at the ground level, poses a high risk for human health as it can have serious negative effects on the population of certain areas. The high variability of this type of data, which are affected by weather conditions and human activities, makes it difficult for conventional methods to precisely detect anomalous values or outliers. In this paper, classical analysis, statistical process control, and functional data analysis are compared for this purpose. The results obtained motivate the development of a new outlier detector based on the concept of functional directional outlyingness. The validation of this algorithm is perfomed on real air quality data from the city of Gijón, Spain, aiming to detect the proven reduction in NO2 levels during the COVID-19 lockdown in that city. Three more variables (SO2, PM10, and O3) are studied with this technique. The results demonstrate that functional data analysis outperforms the two other methods, and the proposed outlier detector is well suited for the accurate detection of outliers in data with high variability.
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García-Pérez J, Gómez-Barroso D, Tamayo-Uria I, Ramis R. Methodological approaches to the study of cancer risk in the vicinity of pollution sources: the experience of a population-based case-control study of childhood cancer. Int J Health Geogr 2019; 18:12. [PMID: 31138300 PMCID: PMC6537179 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-019-0176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental exposures are related to the risk of some types of cancer, and children are the most vulnerable group of people. This study seeks to present the methodological approaches used in the papers of our group about risk of childhood cancers in the vicinity of pollution sources (industrial and urban sites). A population-based case–control study of incident childhood cancers in Spain and their relationship with residential proximity to industrial and urban areas was designed. Two methodological approaches using mixed multiple unconditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were developed: (a) “near vs. far” analysis, where possible excess risks of cancers in children living near (“near”) versus those living far (“far”) from industrial and urban areas were assessed; and (b) “risk gradient” analysis, where the risk gradient in the vicinity of industries was assessed. For each one of the two approaches, three strategies of analysis were implemented: “joint”, “stratified”, and “individualized” analysis. Incident cases were obtained from the Spanish Registry of Childhood Cancer (between 1996 and 2011). Results Applying this methodology, associations between proximity (≤ 2 km) to specific industrial and urban zones and risk (OR; 95% CI) of leukemias (1.31; 1.04–1.65 for industrial areas, and 1.28; 1.00–1.53 for urban areas), neuroblastoma (2.12; 1.18–3.83 for both industrial and urban areas), and renal (2.02; 1.16–3.52 for industrial areas) and bone (4.02; 1.73–9.34 for urban areas) tumors have been suggested. Conclusions The two methodological approaches were used as a very useful and flexible tool to analyze the excess risk of childhood cancers in the vicinity of industrial and urban areas, which can be extrapolated and generalized to other cancers and chronic diseases, and adapted to other types of pollution sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Pérez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diana Gómez-Barroso
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Tamayo-Uria
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra and "Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA)", Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Ramis
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Eom SY, Choi J, Bae S, Lim JA, Kim GB, Yu SD, Kim Y, Lim HS, Son BS, Paek D, Kim YD, Kim H, Ha M, Kwon HJ. Health effects of environmental pollution in population living near industrial complex areas in Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:e2018004. [PMID: 29370680 PMCID: PMC5903037 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2018004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have reported an association between environmental pollution and various health conditions in individuals residing in industrial complexes. To evaluate the effects of pollution from industrial complex on human health, we performed a pooled analysis of environmental epidemiologic monitoring data for residents living near national industrial complexes in Korea. The respiratory and allergic symptoms and the prevalence of acute and chronic diseases, including cancer, were used as the outcome variables for health effects. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between exposure to pollution from industrial complexes and health conditions. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, occupational exposure, level of education, and body mass index, the residents near the industrial complexes were found to have more respiratory symptoms, such as cough (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 1.31) and sputum production (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.24), and symptoms of atopic dermatitis (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.20). Among residents of the industrial complexes, the prevalence of acute eye disorders was approximately 40% higher (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.84) and the prevalence of lung and uterine cancer was 3.45 times and 1.88 times higher, respectively, than those among residents of the control area. This study showed that residents living in the vicinity of industrial complexes have a high risk of acute and chronic diseases including respiratory and allergic conditions. These results can be used as basic objective data for developing health management measures for individuals residing near industrial complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Eom
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jonghyuk Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan-si, Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan-si, Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan-si, Korea
| | - Guen-Bae Kim
- Environmental Health Research Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Do Yu
- Environmental Health Research Division, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sul Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Bu-Soon Son
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Domyung Paek
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Heon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan-si, Korea
| | - Ho-Jang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan-si, Korea
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Lamichhane DK, Kim HC, Choi CM, Shin MH, Shim YM, Leem JH, Ryu JS, Nam HS, Park SM. Lung Cancer Risk and Residential Exposure to Air Pollution: A Korean Population-Based Case-Control Study. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:1111-1118. [PMID: 29047234 PMCID: PMC5653475 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.6.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and lung cancer incidence in Koreans. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a population-based case-control study covering 908 lung cancer patients and 908 controls selected from a random sample of people within each Korean province and matched according to age, sex, and smoking status. We developed land-use regression models to estimate annual residential exposure to particulate matter (PM₁₀) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) over a 20-year exposure period. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Increases in lung cancer incidence (expressed as adjusted OR) were 1.09 (95% CI: 0.96-1.23) with a ten-unit increase in PM₁₀ (μg/m³) and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.00-1.22) with a ten-unit increase in NO₂ (ppb). Tendencies for stronger associations between air pollution and lung cancer incidence were noted among never smokers, among those with low fruit consumption, and among those with a higher education level. Air pollution was more strongly associated with squamous cell and small cell carcinomas than with adenocarcinoma of the lung. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that PM10 and NO₂ contribute to lung cancer incidence in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirga Kumar Lamichhane
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hwan Cheol Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
| | - Chang Min Choi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hee Shin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Mog Shim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Han Leem
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jeong Seon Ryu
- Center for Lung Cancer, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hae Seong Nam
- Center for Lung Cancer, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sung Min Park
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Collarile P, Bidoli E, Barbone F, Zanier L, Del Zotto S, Fuser S, Stel F, Panato C, Gallai I, Serraino D. Residence in Proximity of a Coal-Oil-Fired Thermal Power Plant and Risk of Lung and Bladder Cancer in North-Eastern Italy. A Population-Based Study: 1995-2009. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14080860. [PMID: 28788106 PMCID: PMC5580564 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the risk of lung and bladder cancers in people residing in proximity of a coal-oil-fired thermal power plant in an area of north-eastern Italy, covered by a population-based cancer registry. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) by sex, age, and histology were computed according to tertiles of residential exposure to benzene, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particular matter, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) among 1076 incident cases of lung and 650 cases of bladder cancers. In men of all ages and in women under 75 years of age, no significant associations were observed. Conversely, in women aged ≥75 years significantly increased risks of lung and bladder cancers were related to high exposure to benzene (IRR for highest vs. lowest tertile: 2.00 for lung cancer and 1.94 for bladder cancer) and NO2 (IRR: 1.72 for lung cancer; and 1.94 for bladder cancer). In these women, a 1.71-fold higher risk of lung cancer was also related to a high exposure to SO2. Acknowledging the limitations of our study, in particular that we did not have information regarding cigarette smoking habits, the findings of this study indicate that air pollution exposure may have had a role with regard to the risk of lung and bladder cancers limited to women aged ≥75 years. Such increased risk warrants further analytical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Collarile
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Ettore Bidoli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Fabio Barbone
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Loris Zanier
- Epidemiologic Service, Regional Health Directorate of Friuli Venezia Giulia, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Stefania Del Zotto
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Simonetta Fuser
- Regional Environmental Protection Agency of Friuli Venezia Giulia, 33057 Palmanova (UD), Italy.
| | - Fulvio Stel
- Regional Environmental Protection Agency of Friuli Venezia Giulia, 33057 Palmanova (UD), Italy.
| | - Chiara Panato
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Irene Gallai
- Regional Environmental Protection Agency of Friuli Venezia Giulia, 33057 Palmanova (UD), Italy.
| | - Diego Serraino
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
- Friuli Venezia Giulia Cancer Registry, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
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Wang L, Zhao X, Xu W, Tang J, Jiang X. Correlation analysis of lung cancer and urban spatial factor: based on survey in Shanghai. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:2626-2637. [PMID: 27747017 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.09.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The density of particulate matter (PM) in mega-cities in China such as Beijing and Shanghai has exceeded basic standards for health in recent years. Human exposure to PMs has been identified as traceable and controllable factor among all complicated risk factors for lung cancer. While the improvement of air quality needs tremendous efforts and time, certain revision of PM's density might happen associated with the adjustment of built environment. It is also proved that urban built environment is directly relevant to respiratory disease. Studies have respectively explored the indoor and outdoor factors on respiratory diseases. More comprehensive spatial factors need to be analyzed to understand the cumulative effect of built environment upon respiratory system. This interdisciplinary study examines the impact of both indoor (including age of housing, interval after decoration, indoor humidity etc.) and outdoor spatial factors (including density, parking, green spaces etc.) on lung cancer. METHODS A survey of lung cancer patients and a control group has been conducted in 2014 and 2015. A total of 472 interviewees are randomly selected within a pool of local residents who have resided in Shanghai for more than 5 years. Data are collected including their socio-demographic factors, lifestyle factors, and external and internal residential area factors. Regression models are established based on collected data to analyze the associations between lung cancer and urban spatial factors. RESULTS Regression models illustrate that lung cancer presents significantly associated with a number of spatial factors. Significant outdoor spatial factors include external traffic volume (P=0.003), main plant type (P=0.035 for trees) of internal green space, internal water body (P=0.027) and land use of surrounding blocks (P=0.005 for residential areas of 7-9 floors, P=0.000 for residential areas of 4-6 floors, P=0.006 for business/commercial areas over 10 floors, P=0.005 for business/commercial areas of 7-9 floors, P=0.043 for business/commercial areas of 4-6 floors). Indoor spatial factors include age of housing (P=0.003) and indoor humidity (P=0.000). CONCLUSIONS The findings support the hypothesis that both indoor and outdoor spatial factors are independently associated with lung cancer incidence. Certain principles based on the modeling results are proposed to revise the criteria for lung cancer screening of high-risk individuals. It also provides empirical evidence for urban planning and design to improve built environment with more thorough consideration of respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wangyue Xu
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiji Jiang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Tomczak A, Miller AB, Weichenthal SA, To T, Wall C, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Crouse DL, Villeneuve PJ. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution and the risk of lung cancer among participants of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1958-66. [PMID: 27380650 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, air pollution has been classified as a carcinogen largely on the evidence of epidemiological studies of lung cancer. However, there have been few prospective studies that have evaluated associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) and cancer at lower concentrations. We conducted a prospective analysis of 89,234 women enrolled in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study between 1980 and 1985, and for whom residential measures of PM2.5 could be assigned. The cohort was linked to the Canadian Cancer Registry to identify incident lung cancers through 2004. Surface PM2.5 concentrations were estimated using satellite data. Cox proportional hazards models were used to characterize associations between PM2.5 and lung cancer. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) computed from these models were adjusted for several individual-level characteristics, including smoking. The cohort was composed predominantly of Canadian-born (82%), married (80%) women with a median PM2.5 exposure of 9.1 µg/m(3) . In total, 932 participants developed lung cancer. In fully adjusted models, a 10 µg/m(3) increase in PM2.5 was associated with an elevated risk of lung cancer (HR: 1.34; 95% CI = 1.10, 1.65). The strongest associations were observed with small cell carcinoma (HR: 1.53; 95% CI = 0.93, 2.53) and adenocarcinoma (HR: 1.44; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.97). Stratified analyses suggested increased PM2.5 risks were limited to those who smoked cigarettes. Our findings are consistent with previous epidemiological investigations of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and lung cancer. Importantly, they suggest associations persist at lower concentrations such as those currently found in Canadian cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tomczak
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S5B6, Canada
| | - Anthony B Miller
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Scott A Weichenthal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health and Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Teresa To
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Ottawa, ON, M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Claus Wall
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Dan Lawson Crouse
- NB Institute of Research, Data and Training, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Paul J Villeneuve
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S5B6, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
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Galvis B, Bergin M, Boylan J, Huang Y, Bergin M, Russell AG. Air quality impacts and health-benefit valuation of a low-emission technology for rail yard locomotives in Atlanta Georgia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 533:156-164. [PMID: 26151659 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the largest rail yard facilities in the Southeastern US, the Inman and Tilford yards, is located in the northwestern section of Atlanta, Georgia alongside other industries, schools, businesses, and dwellings. It is a significant source of fine particulate (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) (Galvis, Bergin, & Russell, 2013). We calculate 2011 PM2.5 and BC emissions from the rail yards and primary industrial and on-road mobile sources in the area and determine their impact on local air quality using Gaussian dispersion modeling. We determine the change in PM2.5 and BC concentrations that could be accomplished by upgrading traditional switcher locomotives used in these rail yards to a lower emitting technology and evaluate the health benefits for comparison with upgrade costs. Emissions from the rail yards were estimated using reported fuel consumption data (GAEPD, 2012b) and emission factors previously measured in the rail yards (Galvis et al., 2013). Model evaluation against 2011 monitoring data found agreement between measured and simulated concentrations. Model outputs indicate that the line-haul and switcher activities are responsible for increments in annual average concentrations of approximately 0.5±0.03 μg/m(3) (39%) and 0.7±0.04 μg/m(3) (56%) of BC, and for 1.0±0.1 μg/m(3) (7%) and 1.6±0.2 μg/m(3) (14%) of PM2.5 at two monitoring sites located north and south of the rail yards respectively. Upgrading the switcher locomotives at the yards with a lower emitting technology in this case "mother slug" units could decrease PM2.5 and BC emissions by about 9 and 3 t/year respectively. This will lower annual average PM2.5 concentrations between 0.3±0.1 μg/m(3) and 0.6±0.1 μg/m(3) and BC concentrations between 0.1±0.02 μg/m(3) and 0.2±0.03 μg/m(3) at monitoring sites north and south of the rail yards respectively, and would facilitate PM2.5 NAAQS attainment in the area. We estimate that health benefits of approximately 20 million dollars per year could be gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Galvis
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Michael Bergin
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - James Boylan
- Environmental Protection Division - Air Protection Branch - Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yan Huang
- Environmental Protection Division - Air Protection Branch - Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Atlanta, GA, United States
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10
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García-Pérez J, López-Abente G, Gómez-Barroso D, Morales-Piga A, Romaguera EP, Tamayo I, Fernández-Navarro P, Ramis R. Childhood leukemia and residential proximity to industrial and urban sites. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:542-53. [PMID: 26025512 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few risk factors for the childhood leukemia are well established. While a small fraction of cases of childhood leukemia might be partially attributable to some diseases or ionizing radiation exposure, the role of industrial and urban pollution also needs to be assessed. OBJECTIVES To ascertain the possible effect of residential proximity to both industrial and urban areas on childhood leukemia, taking into account industrial groups and toxic substances released. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study of childhood leukemia in Spain, covering 638 incident cases gathered from the Spanish Registry of Childhood Tumors and for those Autonomous Regions with 100% coverage (period 1990-2011), and 13,188 controls, individually matched by year of birth, sex, and autonomous region of residence. Distances were computed from the respective subject's residences to the 1068 industries and the 157 urban areas with ≥10,000 inhabitants, located in the study area. Using logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for categories of distance to industrial and urban pollution sources were calculated, with adjustment for matching variables. RESULTS Excess risk of childhood leukemia was observed for children living near (≤2.5 km) industries (OR=1.31; 95%CI=1.03-1.67) - particularly glass and mineral fibers (OR=2.42; 95%CI=1.49-3.92), surface treatment using organic solvents (OR=1.87; 95%CI=1.24-2.83), galvanization (OR=1.86; 95%CI=1.07-3.21), production and processing of metals (OR=1.69; 95%CI=1.22-2.34), and surface treatment of metals (OR=1.62; 95%CI=1.22-2.15) - , and urban areas (OR=1.36; 95%CI=1.02-1.80). CONCLUSIONS Our study furnishes some evidence that living in the proximity of industrial and urban sites may be a risk factor for childhood leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Pérez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Gonzalo López-Abente
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Diana Gómez-Barroso
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Morales-Piga
- Rare Disease Research Institute (IIER), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Pardo Romaguera
- Spanish Registry of Childhood Tumors (RETI-SEHOP), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ibon Tamayo
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the Regional Government of the Basque Country, Donostia, Spain.
| | - Pablo Fernández-Navarro
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Rebeca Ramis
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
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Fu BH, Fu ZZ, Meng W, Gu T, Sun XD, Zhang Z. Platelet VEGF and serum TGF-β1 levels predict chemotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6477-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Han JC, Li XD, Du J, Xu F, Wei YJ, Li HB, Zhang YJ. Elevated matrix metalloproteinase-7 expression promotes metastasis in human lung carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:5. [PMID: 25588786 PMCID: PMC4326471 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-13-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7) promotes tumor invasion and metastasis in several cancers. However, its role in lung cancer progression is understudied. In this study, we investigated the correlation between MMP-7 expression and lung cancer pathology. Methods We searched the databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CISCOM, CINAHL, China BioMedicine (CBM) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for scientific literature relevant to MMP-7 and lung cancer. Carefully selected studies were pooled and ORs with 95% CI were calculated. Subgroup analyses and publication bias were analyzed to understand the retrieved data in greater detail. Version 12.0 STATA software was used for statistical analysis. Results We retrieved a total of 121 studies through database searches. Finally, 14 cohort studies satisfied our inclusion/exclusion criteria, and these 14 studies, published between 2004 and 2012, were selected for meta-analysis to understand the influence of MMP-7 expression in lung cancer progression. Our results showed consistent differences in MMP-7 expression when comparisons were made between TNM I-II versus III-IV (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.78, P = 0.006); histologic grade 1 to 2 versus 3 to 4 (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.14 to 2.42, P = 0.008); and lymph node-negative versus lymph node-positive samples (OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.73 to 4.58, P <0.001), with significantly higher MMP-7 expression levels found in the more advanced stages. Subgroup analysis showed that age was not the factor influencing the associations between histologic grade, LN metastasis and MMP-7 expression in lung cancer patients, as both under 60 and over 60 age groups showed strong correlations (all P <0.05). However, when TNM staging was analyzed for its association with MMP-7 expression, only patients under age 60 showed a statistically significant correlation. Conclusions Our meta-analysis results revealed that MMP-7 overexpression is associated with advanced TNM and histological grades, and is linked to aggressive LN metastasis in lung cancer patients; thus MMP-7 is a useful biomarker to assess the disease status in lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiration, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Ximen Street No, 115, Kaifeng 475000, P,R China.
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Puett RC, Hart JE, Yanosky JD, Spiegelman D, Wang M, Fisher JA, Hong B, Laden F. Particulate matter air pollution exposure, distance to road, and incident lung cancer in the nurses' health study cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:926-32. [PMID: 24911062 PMCID: PMC4154215 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A body of literature has suggested an elevated risk of lung cancer associated with particulate matter and traffic-related pollutants. OBJECTIVE We examined the relation of lung cancer incidence with long-term residential exposures to ambient particulate matter and residential distance to roadway, as a proxy for traffic-related exposures. METHODS For participants in the Nurses' Health Study, a nationwide prospective cohort of women, we estimated 72-month average exposures to PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10 and residential distance to road. Follow-up for incident cases of lung cancer occurred from 1994 through 2010. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for potential confounders. Effect modification by smoking status was examined. RESULTS During 1,510,027 person-years, 2,155 incident cases of lung cancer were observed among 103,650 participants. In fully adjusted models, a 10-μg/m3 increase in 72-month average PM10 [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.14], PM2.5 (HR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.25), or PM2.5-10 (HR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.20) was positively associated with lung cancer. When the cohort was restricted to never-smokers and to former smokers who had quit at least 10 years before, the associations appeared to increase and were strongest for PM2.5 (PM10: HR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.32; PM2.5: HR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.77; PM2.5-10: HR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.37). RESULTS were most elevated when restricted to the most prevalent subtype, adenocarcinomas. Risks with roadway proximity were less consistent. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support those from other studies indicating increased risk of incident lung cancer associated with ambient PM exposures, especially among never- and long-term former smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin C Puett
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Hart JE. Invited commentary: epidemiologic studies of the impact of air pollution on lung cancer. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 179:452-4. [PMID: 24287471 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this issue of the Journal, Villeneuve et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(4):443-451) present epidemiologic evidence supporting the literature on the adverse effects of air pollution on risk of lung cancer. They found that ambient exposure to volatile organic compounds, especially when measured at longer time scales, was associated with increased odds of lung cancer in citizens of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, between 1997 and 2002. Specifically, in fully adjusted models, they observed that an interquartile-range increase in benzene concentration was associated with an odds ratio of 1.51 (95% confidence interval: 1.13, 2.01) using exposure at the time of interview. The odds ratio increased to 1.84 (95% confidence interval: 1.26, 2.68) when time-weighted exposure at all previous addresses was considered. They obtained similar results for exposure to nitrogen dioxide. These findings add weight to the substantial (and rapidly growing) body of literature on the relation of air pollution with lung cancer risk, as well as illustrate important aspects of the effects of different exposure assessment choices and potential sources of key interest.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There is accumulating evidence that air pollution causes lung cancer. Still, questions remain about exposure misclassification, the components of air pollution responsible, and the histological subtypes of lung cancer that might be produced. METHODS We investigated lung cancer incidence in relation to long-term exposure to three ambient air pollutants and proximity to major roads, using a Canadian population-based case-control study. We compared 2,390 incident, histologically confirmed lung cancer cases with 3,507 population controls in eight Canadian provinces from 1994 to 1997. We developed spatiotemporal models for the whole country to estimate annual residential exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) over a 20-year exposure period. We carried out a subanalysis in urban centers, using exposures derived from fixed-site air pollution monitors, and also examined traffic proximity measures. Hierarchical logistic regression models incorporated a comprehensive set of individual and geographic covariates. RESULTS The increase in lung cancer incidence (expressed as fully adjusted odds ratios [ORs]) was 1.29 (95% confidence interval = 0.95-1.76) with a ten-unit increase in PM2.5 (μg/m), 1.11 (1.00-1.24) with a ten-unit increase in NO2 (ppb), and 1.09 (0.85-1.39) with a ten-unit increase in O3 (ppb). The urban monitor-based subanalyses generally supported the national results, with larger associations for NO2 (OR = 1.34; 1.07-1.69) per 10 ppb increase. No dose-response trends were observed, and no clear relationships were found for specific histological cancer subtypes. There was the suggestion of increased risk among those living within 100 m of highways, but not among those living near major roads. CONCLUSIONS Lung cancer incidence in this Canadian study was increased most strongly with NO2 and PM2.5 exposure. Further investigation is needed into possible effects of O3 on development of lung cancer.
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Aoun J, Saleh N, Waked M, Salamé J, Salameh P. Lung cancer correlates in Lebanese adults: a pilot case--control study. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2013; 3:235-44. [PMID: 24206794 PMCID: PMC7320416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jegh.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancers. However, there are no epidemiological studies concerning lung cancer and its risk factors in Lebanon. This study was carried out to determine the association between lung cancer and its most common risk factors in a sample of the Lebanese population. METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. Patients were recruited in a tertiary health care center. A questionnaire in Arabic was designed to assess the possible risk factors for lung cancer. RESULTS For females, cigarette smoking (ORa=9.76) and using fuel for heating (ORa=9.12) were found to be the main risk factors for lung cancer; for males, cigarette smoking (ORa=156.98), living near an electricity generator (ORa=13.26), consuming low quantities of fruits and vegetables (ORa=10.54) and a family history of cancer (ORa=8.75) were associated with lung cancer. Waterpipe smoking was significantly correlated with lung cancer in the bivariate analysis. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, it was found that in addition to smoking, outdoor and indoor pollution factors were potential risk factors of lung cancer. Additional studies would be necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Aoun
- Faculty of Public Health, Section II, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Saleh
- Faculty of Public Health, Section II, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Joseph Salamé
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Faculty of Public Health, Section II, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Factor R, Awerbuch T, Levins R. Social and land use composition determinants of health: Variability in health indicators. Health Place 2013; 22:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pascal M, Pascal L, Bidondo ML, Cochet A, Sarter H, Stempfelet M, Wagner V. A review of the epidemiological methods used to investigate the health impacts of air pollution around major industrial areas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 2013:737926. [PMID: 23818910 PMCID: PMC3684125 DOI: 10.1155/2013/737926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We performed a literature review to investigate how epidemiological studies have been used to assess the health consequences of living in the vicinity of industries. 77 papers on the chronic effects of air pollution around major industrial areas were reviewed. Major health themes were cancers (27 studies), morbidity (25 studies), mortality (7 studies), and birth outcome (7 studies). Only 3 studies investigated mental health. While studies were available from many different countries, a majority of papers came from the United Kingdom, Italy, and Spain. Several studies were motivated by concerns from the population or by previous observations of an overincidence of cases. Geographical ecological designs were largely used for studying cancer and mortality, including statistical designs to quantify a relationship between health indicators and exposure. Morbidity was frequently investigated through cross-sectional surveys on the respiratory health of children. Few multicenter studies were performed. In a majority of papers, exposed areas were defined based on the distance to the industry and were located from <2 km to >20 km from the plants. Improving the exposure assessment would be an asset to future studies. Criteria to include industries in multicenter studies should be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Pascal
- French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Staint-Maurice, France.
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García-Pérez J, Fernández-Navarro P, Castelló A, López-Cima MF, Ramis R, Boldo E, López-Abente G. Cancer mortality in towns in the vicinity of incinerators and installations for the recovery or disposal of hazardous waste. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 51:31-44. [PMID: 23160082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waste treatment plants release toxic emissions into the environment which affect neighboring towns. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether there might be excess cancer mortality in towns situated in the vicinity of Spanish-based incinerators and installations for the recovery or disposal of hazardous waste, according to the different categories of industrial activity. METHODS An ecologic study was designed to examine municipal mortality due to 33 types of cancer, across the period 1997-2006. Population exposure to pollution was estimated on the basis of distance from town of residence to pollution source. Using Besag-York-Mollié (BYM) regression models with Integrated Nested Laplace approximations for Bayesian inference, and Mixed Poisson regression models, we assessed the risk of dying from cancer in a 5-kilometer zone around installations, analyzed the effect of category of industrial activity, and conducted individual analyses within a 50-kilometer radius of each installation. RESULTS Excess cancer mortality (BYM model: relative risk, 95% credible interval) was detected in the total population residing in the vicinity of these installations as a whole (1.06, 1.04-1.09), and, principally, in the vicinity of incinerators (1.09, 1.01-1.18) and scrap metal/end-of-life vehicle handling facilities, in particular (1.04, 1.00-1.09). Special mention should be made of the results for tumors of the pleura (1.71, 1.34-2.14), stomach (1.18, 1.10-1.27), liver (1.18, 1.06-1.30), kidney (1.14, 1.04-1.23), ovary (1.14, 1.05-1.23), lung (1.10, 1.05-1.15), leukemia (1.10, 1.03-1.17), colon-rectum (1.08, 1.03-1.13) and bladder (1.08, 1.01-1.16) in the vicinity of all such installations. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis of a statistically significant increase in the risk of dying from cancer in towns near incinerators and installations for the recovery or disposal of hazardous waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Pérez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Souto-García A, Fernández-Somoano A, Pascual T, Álvarez-Avellón SM, Tardón A. Association of p21 Ser31Arg and p53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms with lung cancer risk in CAPUA study. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2012; 3:69-78. [PMID: 28210126 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s35287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate how Ser31Arg polymorphisms in p21 may modify lung cancer susceptibility. Because p21 is the major downstream mediator of p53, we analyzed the combined effect of two polymorphisms, p21 Ser31Arg and TP53 Arg72Pro, to elucidate whether polymorphic variants determine the risk of lung cancer. METHODS This was designed as a hospital-based case-control study, and included 675 cases and 675 control subjects matched by ethnicity, gender, and age. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism, and multivariate unconditional logistic regression was performed to analyze the results. RESULTS Subjects who carried the p21 Ser31Arg allele had a higher risk of lung cancer (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99-2.03). This risk was increased in men aged younger than 55 years (adjusted OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.00-5.51). Smokers had an increased risk of lung cancer (adjusted OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.24-4.02). Men younger than 55 years carrying risk alleles for both genes (p21 Ser31Arg and TP53 Arg72Pro) had an increased risk (adjusted OR 5.78; 95% CI 1.38-24.19), as did smokers with both risk alleles (adjusted OR 4.52; 95% CI 1.52-13.50). CONCLUSION The presence of both variant alleles increased the risk of developing lung cancer in men, particularly in smokers younger than 55 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Souto-García
- Molecular Epidemiolgy of Cancer Unit, University Institute of Oncology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Molecular Epidemiolgy of Cancer Unit, University Institute of Oncology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Teresa Pascual
- Pneumology Department, Cabueñes Hospital, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Sara M Álvarez-Avellón
- Molecular Epidemiolgy of Cancer Unit, University Institute of Oncology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Molecular Epidemiolgy of Cancer Unit, University Institute of Oncology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Consortium for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
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López-Abente G, Fernández-Navarro P, Boldo E, Ramis R, García-Pérez J. Industrial pollution and pleural cancer mortality in Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 424:57-62. [PMID: 22444064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pleural cancer mortality is an acknowledged indicator of exposure to asbestos and mesothelioma mortality but in 15%-20% of cases no exposure can be recalled. In the past, asbestos was used in many industries and it is still found in many installations. Our objective was to ascertain whether there might be excess pleural cancer mortality among populations residing in the vicinity of Spanish industrial installations that are governed by the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive and the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register Regulation and report their emissions to air. An ecological study was designed to examine pleural cancer mortality at a municipal level (8098 Spanish towns) over the period 1997-2006, during which 2146 deaths were registered. We conducted an exploratory "near vs. far" analysis to estimate the relative risks (RRs) of towns situated at a distance of <2 km from installations. This analysis was repeated for each of the 24 industrial groups. RR and their 95% credible intervals (95% CIs) were estimated on the basis of a Poisson conditional autoregressive Bayesian model with explanatory variables. Integrated nested Laplace approximations were used as a Bayesian inference tool. Analysis showed statistically significant RRs in both sexes in the vicinity of 7 of the 24 industrial groups studied (RR, 95% CI), namely, biocide facilities (2.595, 1.459-4.621), ship-building (2.321, 1.379-3.918), glass and mineral fibre production (1.667, 1.041-2.665), non-hazardous waste treatment (1.737, 1.077-2.799), galvanising (1.637, 1.139-2.347), organic chemical plants (1.386, 1.075-1.782) and the food and beverage sector (1.255, 1.006-1.562). In the proximity of sources pertaining to the biocide, organic chemical and galvanising sectors, the risk was seen to be rising among men and women, a finding that could indicate airborne environmental exposure. These results support that residing in the vicinity of IPPC-registered industries that release pollutants to the air constitutes a risk factor for pleural cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo López-Abente
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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García-Pérez J, López-Cima MF, Pollán M, Pérez-Gómez B, Aragonés N, Fernández-Navarro P, Ramis R, López-Abente G. Risk of dying of cancer in the vicinity of multiple pollutant sources associated with the metal industry. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 40:116-127. [PMID: 21802147 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population exposure to emissions from multiple industrial sources, though little studied, is an aspect of great interest from an epidemiologic standpoint. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether risk of dying due to tumors of the digestive system in populations residing in the vicinity of Spanish metal production and processing installations increases with proximity to a greater number of industrial facilities. METHODS An ecologic study was designed to ascertain municipal mortality due to malignant tumors of the digestive system (oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder and colon-rectum) during the period 1994-2003, in Spanish regions with the presence of multiple industrial sources in the metal sector. Population exposure to pollution was estimated on the basis of distance from town of residence to pollution source. Using Poisson regression models, we analyzed: the increased risk of dying of cancer with proximity to a given number of sources; and excess mortality in the vicinity of specific industrial clusters. RESULTS The tumor responsible for the greatest number of regions with increased risk in both sexes was liver cancer (78% of the regions, being statistically significant in Valencia (p-value for trend (p trend)=0.001 in both sexes), Madrid (p trend=0.011 in women) and the Basque Country (p trend=0.002 in men)), followed by colorectal and pancreatic cancers (56% of the regions, being statistically significant in both sexes in Valencia (p trend=0.001) and Zaragoza (p trend=0.018) for colorectal cancer; and Valladolid (p trend=0.019 in men) and Barcelona (p trend=0.049 in women) for pancreatic cancer). Valencia was the province that displayed increased risk with the proximity to metal industries for all tumors studied, while the Basque Country was the Autonomous Region that registered a rising risk trend for liver, stomach and colorectal tumors with proximity (≤5 km) to a greater number of sources. CONCLUSIONS The results could support the hypothesis that mortality due to certain tumors of the digestive system increases with proximity (≤5 km) to a greater number of metal industry sources. Nevertheless, in this type of ecologic study, conclusions cannot be obtained in terms of cause and effect, nor can individual inferences be made from grouped data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Pérez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - María Felicitas López-Cima
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Molecular Epidemiology of Cancer Unit, University Institute of Oncology, University of Oviedo, C/Fernando Bongera, s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Marina Pollán
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Pablo Fernández-Navarro
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Rebeca Ramis
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Gonzalo López-Abente
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
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Rava M, Crainicianu C, Marcon A, Cazzoletti L, Pironi V, Silocchi C, Ricci P, de Marco R. Proximity to wood industries and respiratory symptoms in children: a sensitivity analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 38:37-44. [PMID: 21982031 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Increased prevalence of respiratory and irritation symptoms was found in children who live near a large wood industrial park. Proximity to the wood industries was used as indicator of exposure. This study describes a sensitivity analysis for the results of the survey. All the children (3-14 years) living in the area were surveyed through a parental questionnaire (n=3854) and their addresses were geocoded. The distances from each child's home and school to the closest industry were combined, weighted and used as an indicator of exposure. A sensitivity analysis was performed to check 1) the robustness of the results to the choice of weights used for defining the exposure indicator, 2) the effect of outliers on risk estimates and 3) the sensitivity on the functional form used for modeling the dose-response function. The choice of the weights did not influence the association between proximity to the industries and respiratory symptoms. Excluding the subjects who lived far away from the industries showed that in a radius of 5km from the industries the study did not had enough power to estimate a gradient in the dose-response function. Besides, results were sensitive to the choice of the functional form used for modeling the minimum distance. The sensitivity analyses confirmed the overall increasing trend of respiratory symptoms with proximity to the industries and pointed out that all the assumptions made for defining a proxy of exposure need to be carefully checked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rava
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, Italy.
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Rava M, Marcon A, Girardi P, Pironi V, Silocchi C, Ricci P, de Marco R. Proximity to wood factories and hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in children. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 410-411:80-86. [PMID: 22018964 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollutants emitted by wood industries has been associated with increased prevalence of respiratory and irritation symptoms. OBJECTIVES To study whether proximity to wood industries was associated with risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases in children. METHODS In December 2006, the large majority of the children (3-14 years) living in the Viadana district (Northern Italy) were surveyed through a parental questionnaire (n=3854). Hospital discharge records for respiratory diseases (2002-2006) were obtained from the local Health Unit. The children were geocoded and the distance from their home/school to the wood industries was used as exposure indicator. Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between the distance and hospitalizations. RESULTS The hospitalization rates for respiratory diseases increased with proximity to the wood industries: they were 7.55 (95% CI 5.58, 10.22) ×1000 person-year for those who lived far from any wood industry, 11.84 (95% CI 8.87, 15.81) ×1000 person-year for those <2km from the small wood factories and 16.61 (95% CI: 13.57, 20.33) ×1000 person-year for those living within 2km from the two big chipboard industries. CONCLUSIONS Proximity to wood industries is associated with a higher risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases and respiratory symptoms in children. Studies with direct measures of exposure are needed and a follow-up of exposed population is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rava
- Unit of Epidemiology & Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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