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Montico B, Nigro A, Lamberti MJ, Martorelli D, Mastorci K, Ravo M, Giurato G, Steffan A, Dolcetti R, Casolaro V, Dal Col J. Phospholipid scramblase 1 is involved in immunogenic cell death and contributes to dendritic cell-based vaccine efficiency to elicit antitumor immune response in vitro. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:145-156. [PMID: 38099895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Whole tumor cell lysates (TCLs) obtained from cancer cells previously killed by treatments able to promote immunogenic cell death (ICD) can be efficiently used as a source of tumor-associated antigens for the development of highly efficient dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines. Herein, the potential role of the interferon (IFN)-inducible protein phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) in influencing immunogenic features of dying cancer cells and in enhancing DC-based vaccine efficiency was investigated. METHODS PLSCR1 expression was evaluated in different mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines following ICD induction by 9-cis-retinoic acid (RA)/IFN-α combination, and commercial kinase inhibitor was used to identify the signaling pathway involved in its upregulation. A Mino cell line ectopically expressing PLSCR1 was generated to investigate the potential involvement of this protein in modulating ICD features. Whole TCLs obtained from Mino overexpressing PLSCR1 were used for DC loading, and loaded DCs were employed for generation of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. RESULTS The ICD inducer RA/IFN-α combination promoted PLSCR1 expression through STAT1 activation. PLSCR1 upregulation favored pro-apoptotic effects of RA/IFN-α treatment and enhanced the exposure of calreticulin on cell surface. Moreover, DCs loaded with TCLs obtained from Mino ectopically expressing PLSCR1 elicited in vitro greater T-cell-mediated antitumor responses compared with DCs loaded with TCLs derived from Mino infected with empty vector or the parental cell line. Conversely, PLSCR1 knock-down inhibited the stimulating activity of DCs loaded with RA/IFN-α-treated TCLs to elicit cyclin D1 peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that PLSCR1 improved ICD-associated calreticulin exposure induced by RA/IFN-α and was clearly involved in DC-based vaccine efficiency as well, suggesting a potential contribution in the control of pathways associated to DC activation, possibly including those involved in antigen uptake and concomitant antitumor immune response activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Montico
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Annunziata Nigro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Maria Julia Lamberti
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, INBIAS, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Debora Martorelli
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Katy Mastorci
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Maria Ravo
- Genomix4Life Srl, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
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Wolf A, Khimani F, Yoon B, Gerhart C, Endsley D, Ray AK, Yango AF, Flynn SD, Lip GYH, Gonzalez SA, Sathyamoorthy M. The mechanistic basis linking cytokine storm to thrombosis in COVID-19. THROMBOSIS UPDATE 2022; 8:100110. [PMID: 38620974 PMCID: PMC9116969 DOI: 10.1016/j.tru.2022.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that infection with SARS-CoV-2 resulting in COVID-19 disease includes a severely symptomatic subset of patients in whom an aggressive and/or dysregulated host immune response leads to cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) that may be further complicated by thrombotic events, contributing to the severe morbidity and mortality observed in COVID-19. This review provides a brief overview of cytokine storm in COVID-19, and then presents a mechanistic discussion of how cytokine storm affects integrated pathways in thrombosis involving the endothelium, platelets, the coagulation cascade, eicosanoids, auto-antibody mediated thrombosis, and the fibrinolytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wolf
- Sathyamoorthy Laboratory, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Faria Khimani
- Sathyamoorthy Laboratory, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Braian Yoon
- Sathyamoorthy Laboratory, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Coltin Gerhart
- Sathyamoorthy Laboratory, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Dakota Endsley
- Sathyamoorthy Laboratory, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Anish K Ray
- Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Angelito F Yango
- Department of Medicine, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor All Saints Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | | | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Stevan A Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor All Saints Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Mohanakrishnan Sathyamoorthy
- Sathyamoorthy Laboratory, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, TCU School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- Consultants in Cardiovascular Medicine and Science - Fort Worth, PLLC, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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Behuria HG, Dash S, Sahu SK. Phospholipid Scramblases: Role in Cancer Progression and Anticancer Therapeutics. Front Genet 2022; 13:875894. [PMID: 35422844 PMCID: PMC9002267 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.875894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid scramblases (PLSCRs) that catalyze rapid mixing of plasma membrane lipids result in surface exposure of phosphatidyl serine (PS), a lipid normally residing to the inner plasma membrane leaflet. PS exposure provides a chemotactic eat-me signal for phagocytes resulting in non-inflammatory clearance of apoptotic cells by efferocytosis. However, metastatic tumor cells escape efferocytosis through alteration of tumor microenvironment and apoptotic signaling. Tumor cells exhibit altered membrane features, high constitutive PS exposure, low drug permeability and increased multidrug resistance through clonal evolution. PLSCRs are transcriptionally up-regulated in tumor cells leading to plasma membrane remodeling and aberrant PS exposure on cell surface. In addition, PLSCRs interact with multiple cellular components to modulate cancer progression and survival. While PLSCRs and PS exposed on tumor cells are novel drug targets, many exogenous molecules that catalyze lipid scrambling on tumor plasma membrane are potent anticancer therapeutic molecules. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of scramblase mediated signaling events, membrane alteration specific to tumor development and possible therapeutic implications of scramblases and PS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Gourav Behuria
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanjadeo University, Baripada, India
| | - Sabyasachi Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Santosh Kumar Sahu
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanjadeo University, Baripada, India
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Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 5-Scramblase Signaling Complex Mediates Neuronal Phosphatidylserine Externalization and Apoptosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030547. [PMID: 32110987 PMCID: PMC7140530 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1), a lipid-binding and Ca2+-sensitive protein located on plasma membranes, is critically involved in phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, an important process in cell apoptosis. Transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5), is a nonselective Ca2+ channel in neurons that interacts with many downstream molecules, participating in diverse physiological functions including temperature or mechanical sensation. The interaction between TRPC5 and PLSCR1 has never been reported. Here, we showed that PLSCR1 interacts with TRPC5 through their C-termini in HEK293 cells and mouse cortical neurons. Formation of TRPC5-PLSCR1 complex stimulates PS externalization and promotes cell apoptosis in HEK293 cells and mouse cerebral neurons. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that PS externalization in cortical neurons induced by artificial cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was reduced in TRPC5 knockout mice compared to wild-type mice, and that the percentage of apoptotic neurons was also lower in TRPC5 knockout mice than in wild-type mice. Collectively, the present study suggested that TRPC5-PLSCR1 is a signaling complex mediating PS externalization and apoptosis in neurons and that TRPC5 plays a pathological role in cerebral-ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Zhang KJ, Hu Y, Luo N, Li X, Chen FY, Yuan JQ, Guo L. miR‑574‑5p attenuates proliferation, migration and EMT in triple‑negative breast cancer cells by targeting BCL11A and SOX2 to inhibit the SKIL/TAZ/CTGF axis. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1240-1251. [PMID: 32319565 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple‑negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with a high degree of malignancy. TNBC is prone to distant metastasis and has a poor prognosis. A number of TNBC‑related microRNAs (miRNAs) have been studied and identified. However, the detailed roles of miR‑574‑5p in TNBC remain poorly understood. miR‑574‑5p, SRY (sex determining region Y)‑box 2 (SOX2), B‑cell lymphoma/leukaemia 11A (BCL11A), SKI like proto‑oncogene (SKIL) and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT)‑related miRNAs and proteins were measured by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting analysis, respectively. A luciferase reporter assay was employed to validate the direct targeting of SOX2 and BCL11A by miR‑574‑5p. MTT, colony formation and Transwell assays were performed to analyse the biological functions of miR‑574‑5p in TNBC cells. A nude mouse xenograft model was used to verify the effects of miR‑574‑5p on the tumorigenesis of TNBC in vivo. The results demonstrated that miR‑574‑5p levels were decreased in breast cancer tissues and cells. miR‑574‑5p repressed proliferation, migration and EMT in TNBC cells. Further experiments confirmed that miR‑574‑5p reduced tumour size and metastasis in vivo. miR‑574‑5p targeted BCL11A and SOX2 to inhibit the SKIL/transcriptional co‑activator with PDZ‑binding motif/connective tissue growth factor axis, and the inhibitory effect of miR‑574‑5p in TNBC cells was at least partly dependent on SOX2 and BCL11A. In addition, the regulation of downstream oncogenes by SOX2 was dependent on BCL11A. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the association between the miR‑574‑5p/BCL11A/SOX2 axis and the tumorigenesis of TNBC, which provides a new mechanism for understanding the progression of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jing Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Na Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Yu Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Yuan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Zhou L, Jiao X, Peng X, Yao X, Liu L, Zhang L. MicroRNA-628-5p inhibits invasion and migration of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via suppression of the AKT/NF-kappa B pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8141-8154. [PMID: 31957029 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The biological function and underlying mechanism of microRNA-628-5p (miR-628-5p) remains to be clarified in the growth and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, the expression levels of miR-628-5p in PDAC tissues and cells were detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. The relationship between miR-628-5p expression and clinicopathologic characteristics was examined in human PDAC tissue samples. Gain- and loss-of-function and the putative targets of miR-628-5p were evaluated in PDAC cell lines. The upstream and downstream signals of miR-628-5p in PDAC were also examined. MiR-628-5p was lowly expressed in PDAC tissues and cell lines, and low miR-628-5p expression in PDAC tissues was associated with poor clinicopathological characteristics and shorter overall survival. Functionally, restoration of miR-628-5p expression decreased PDAC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis, whereas miR-628-5p silencing abolished these biological behaviors. MiR-628-5p was found to target and negatively regulate phospholipid scramblase 1 and insulin receptor substrate 1 expression, which resulted in the inhibition of the AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. MYC knockdown led to miR-628-5p upregulation, whereas MYC overexpression repressed miR-628-5p expression. These findings indicate that miR-628-5p functions as a tumor-suppressive microRNA in PDAC and implicate miR-628-5p as a potential therapeutic target for PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Chronic iron exposure and c-Myc/H-ras-mediated transformation in fallopian tube cells alter the expression of EVI1, amplified at 3q26.2 in ovarian cancer. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:46. [PMID: 31434871 PMCID: PMC6704182 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancers (HGSOC) are not yet well defined although key precursor cells have been identified (including fimbriated fallopian tube epithelium, FTSECs). Since iron is elevated in endometriotic cysts and the pelvic cavity, it is suggested that this source of redox-active iron may contribute to ovarian cancer pathogenesis. Specifically, sources of nontransferrin-bound iron (NTBI) within the pelvic cavity could arise from ovulation, retrograde menstruation, follicular fluid, or iron overload conditions (i.e., hemochromatosis). Herein, we investigated the cellular response of p53-inactivated and telomerase-expressing (immortalized) FTSECs (Pax8+/FoxJ1−) to NTBI (presented as ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), supplemented in media for >2 months) in order to assess its ability to promote the transition to a tumor-like phenotype; this cellular response was compared with immortalized FTSECs transformed with H-RasV12A and c-MycT58A. Both approaches resulted in increased cell numbers and expression of the oncogenic transcriptional regulator, ecotropic virus integration site 1 (EVI1, a gene most frequently amplified at 3q26.2 in HGSOC, represented by multiple variants), along with other oncogenic gene products. In contrast to the transformed cells, FAC-exposed FTSECs elicited elevated migratory capacity (and epithelial–mesenchymal transition mRNA profile) along with increased expression of DNA damage response proteins (i.e., FANCD2) and hTERT mRNA relative to controls. Interestingly, in FAC-exposed FTSECs, EVI1 siRNA attenuated hTERT mRNA expression, whereas siRNAs targeting β-catenin and BMI1 (both elevated with chronic iron exposure) reduced Myc and Cyclin D1 proteins. Collectively, our novel findings provide strong foundational evidence for potential iron-induced initiation events, including EVI1 alterations, in the pathogenesis of HGSOC, warranting further in depth investigations. Thus, these findings will substantially advance our understanding of the contribution of iron enriched within the pelvic cavity, which may identify patients at risk of developing this deadly disease.
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Xiong X, Li Y, Liu L, Qi K, Zhang C, Chen Y, Fang J. Arsenic trioxide induces cell cycle arrest and affects Trk receptor expression in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Biol Res 2018; 51:18. [PMID: 29898774 PMCID: PMC5998579 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic trioxide (As2O3), a drug that has been used in China for approximately two thousand years, induces cell death in a variety of cancer cell types, including neuroblastoma (NB). The tyrosine kinase receptor (Trk) family comprises three members, namely TrkA, TrkB and TrkC. Various studies have confirmed that TrkA and TrkC expression is associated with a good prognosis in NB, while TrkB overexpression can lead to tumor cell growth and invasive metastasis. Previous studies have shown that As2O3 can inhibit the growth and proliferation of a human NB cell line and can also affect the N-Myc mRNA expression. It remains unclear whether As2O3 regulates Trks for the purposes of treating NB. METHODS The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of As2O3 on Trk expression in NB cell lines and its potential therapeutic efficacy. SK-N-SH cells were grown with increasing doses of As2O3 at different time points. We cultured SK-N-SH cells, which were treated with increasing doses of As2O3 at different time points. Trk expression in the NB samples was quantified by immunohistochemistry, and the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. TrkA, TrkB and TrkC mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS Immunohistochemical and real-time PCR analyses indicated that TrkA and TrkC were over-expressed in NB, and specifically during stages 1, 2 and 4S of the disease progression. TrkB expression was increased in stage 3 and 4 NB. As2O3 significantly arrested SK-N-SH cells in the G2/M phase. In addition, TrkA, TrkB and TrkC expression levels were significantly upregulated by higher concentrations of As2O3 treatment, notably in the 48-h treatment period. Our findings suggested that to achieve the maximum effect and appropriate regulation of Trk expression in NB stages 1, 2 and 4S, As2O3 treatment should be at relatively higher concentrations for longer delivery times;however, for NB stages 3 and 4, an appropriate concentration and infusion time for As2O3 must be carefully determined. CONCLUSION The present findings suggested that As2O3 induced Trk expression in SK-N-SH cells to varying degrees and may be a promising adjuvant to current treatments for NB due to its apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Yang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Ling Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, 524000 Guangdong China
| | - Kai Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Yueqin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
- Department of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Jianpei Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Ríos-López DG, Vázquez-Victorio G, Rosales-Alvarez RE, Macías-Silva M. Transcriptional cofactors Ski and SnoN are major regulators of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:15. [PMID: 29892481 PMCID: PMC5992185 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family plays major pleiotropic roles by regulating many physiological processes in development and tissue homeostasis. The TGF-β signaling pathway outcome relies on the control of the spatial and temporal expression of >500 genes, which depend on the functions of the Smad protein along with those of diverse modulators of this signaling pathway, such as transcriptional factors and cofactors. Ski (Sloan-Kettering Institute) and SnoN (Ski novel) are Smad-interacting proteins that negatively regulate the TGF-β signaling pathway by disrupting the formation of R-Smad/Smad4 complexes, as well as by inhibiting Smad association with the p300/CBP coactivators. The Ski and SnoN transcriptional cofactors recruit diverse corepressors and histone deacetylases to repress gene transcription. The TGF-β/Smad pathway and coregulators Ski and SnoN clearly regulate each other through several positive and negative feedback mechanisms. Thus, these cross-regulatory processes finely modify the TGF-β signaling outcome as they control the magnitude and duration of the TGF-β signals. As a result, any alteration in these regulatory mechanisms may lead to disease development. Therefore, the design of targeted therapies to exert tight control of the levels of negative modulators of the TGF-β pathway, such as Ski and SnoN, is critical to restore cell homeostasis under the specific pathological conditions in which these cofactors are deregulated, such as fibrosis and cancer. Proteins that repress molecular signaling through the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway offer promising targets for treating cancer and fibrosis. Marina Macías-Silva and colleagues from the National Autonomous University of Mexico in Mexico City review the ways in which a pair of proteins, called Ski and SnoN, interact with downstream mediators of TGF-β to inhibit the effects of this master growth factor. Aberrant levels of Ski and SnoN have been linked to diverse range of diseases involving cell proliferation run amok, and therapies that regulate the expression of these proteins could help normalize TGF-β signaling to healthier physiological levels. For decades, drug companies have tried to target the TGF-β pathway, with limited success. Altering the activity of these repressors instead could provide a roundabout way of remedying pathogenic TGF-β activity in fibrosis and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- 1Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico city, 04510 Mexico
| | - Diana G Ríos-López
- 2Instituto de Fisiología Celular at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico city, 04510 Mexico
| | | | - Reyna E Rosales-Alvarez
- 2Instituto de Fisiología Celular at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico city, 04510 Mexico
| | - Marina Macías-Silva
- 2Instituto de Fisiología Celular at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico city, 04510 Mexico
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Mastorci K, Montico B, Faè DA, Sigalotti L, Ponzoni M, Inghirami G, Dolcetti R, Dal Col J. Phospholipid scramblase 1 as a critical node at the crossroad between autophagy and apoptosis in mantle cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41913-41928. [PMID: 27248824 PMCID: PMC5173105 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive haematological malignancy in which the response to therapy can be limited by aberrantly activated molecular and cellular pathways, among which autophagy was recently listed. Our study shows that the 9-cis-retinoic acid (RA)/Interferon(IFN)-α combination induces protective autophagy in MCL cell lines and primary cultures reducing the extent of drug-induced apoptosis. The treatment significantly up-regulates phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1), a protein which bi-directionally flips lipids across membranes. In particular, RA/IFN-α combination concomitantly increases PLSCR1 transcription and controls PLSCR1 protein levels via lysosomal degradation. Herein we describe a new function for PLSCR1 as negative regulator of autophagy. Indeed, PLSCR1 overexpression reduced MCL cell susceptibility to autophagy induced by RA/IFN-α, serum deprivation or mTOR pharmacological inhibition. Moreover, PLSCR1 can bind the ATG12/ATG5 complex preventing ATG16L1 recruitment and its full activation, as indicated by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The combination of doxorubicin or bortezomib with RA/IFN-α strengthened PLSCR1 up-regulation and enhanced apoptosis, as a likely consequence of the blockade of RA/IFN-α-induced autophagy. Immunohistochemical analysis of 32 MCL biopsies revealed heterogeneous expression of PLSCR1 and suggests its possible implication in the response to anticancer therapies, especially to drugs promoting protective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Mastorci
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Barbara Montico
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Damiana A Faè
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Luca Sigalotti
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Pathology Unit and Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and CeRMS, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
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11
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Expression and function of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 isoforms in transformed endometriotic and malignant ovarian cells. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5344-5367. [PMID: 29435183 PMCID: PMC5797054 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is proposed to contribute to the transition from endometriosis to specific subtypes of ovarian cancers (OVCAs). Regulation of intracellular iron occurs via a ferritinophagic process involving NCOA4 (Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 4), represented by two major isoforms (NCOA4α and NCOA4β), whose contribution to ovarian cancer biology remains uninvestigated. We thus generated transformed endometriotic cells (via HRASV12A, c-MYCT58A, and p53 inactivation) whose migratory potential was increased in response to conditioned media from senescent endometriotic cells. We identified elevated NCOA4 mRNA in transformed endometriotic cells (relative to non-transformed). Knockdown of NCOA4 increased ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) and p21 protein which was accompanied by reduced cell survival while NCOA4β overexpression reduced colony formation. NCOA4α and NCOA4β mRNA were elevated in malignant versus non-malignant gynecological cells; NCOA4α protein was increased in the assessed malignant cell lines as well as in a series of OVCA subtypes (relative to normal adjacent tissues). Further, NCOA4 protein expression was regulated in a proteasome- and autophagy-independent manner. Collectively, our results implicate NCOA4 in ovarian cancer biology in which it could be involved in the transition from precursors to OVCA.
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12
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Feuerbach D, Schindler P, Barske C, Joller S, Beng-Louka E, Worringer KA, Kommineni S, Kaykas A, Ho DJ, Ye C, Welzenbach K, Elain G, Klein L, Brzak I, Mir AK, Farady CJ, Aichholz R, Popp S, George N, Neumann U. ADAM17 is the main sheddase for the generation of human triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells (hTREM2) ectodomain and cleaves TREM2 after Histidine 157. Neurosci Lett 2017; 660:109-114. [PMID: 28923481 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells (TREM2) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed in macrophages, dendritic cells, microglia, and osteoclasts. TREM2 plays a role in phagocytosis, regulates release of cytokine, contributes to microglia maintenance, and its ectodomain is shed from the cell surface. Here, the question was addressed at which position sheddases cleave TREM2 and what are the proteases involved in this process. Using both pharmacological and genetic approaches we report that the main protease contributing to the release of TREM2 ectodomain is ADAM17, (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain containing protein, also called TACE, TNFα converting enzyme) while ADAM10 plays a minor role. Complementary biochemical experiments reveal that cleavage occurs between histidine 157 and serine 158. Shedding is not altered for the R47H-mutated TREM2 protein that confers an increased risk for the development of Alzheimers disease. These findings reveal a link between shedding of TREM2 and its regulation during inflammatory conditions or chronic neurodegenerative disease like AD in which activity or expression of sheddases might be altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Feuerbach
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Schindler
- Biologics Center, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Barske
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Joller
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edwige Beng-Louka
- Biologics Center, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katie A Worringer
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sravya Kommineni
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ajamete Kaykas
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Ho
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chaoyang Ye
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karl Welzenbach
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gaelle Elain
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Klein
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irena Brzak
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anis K Mir
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher J Farady
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reiner Aichholz
- PK Sciences Department, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Popp
- Biologics Center, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie George
- Biologics Center, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Neumann
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Tufail Y, Cook D, Fourgeaud L, Powers CJ, Merten K, Clark CL, Hoffman E, Ngo A, Sekiguchi KJ, O'Shea CC, Lemke G, Nimmerjahn A. Phosphatidylserine Exposure Controls Viral Innate Immune Responses by Microglia. Neuron 2017; 93:574-586.e8. [PMID: 28111081 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the intrinsic immune sentinels of the central nervous system. Their activation restricts tissue injury and pathogen spread, but in some settings, including viral infection, this response can contribute to cell death and disease. Identifying mechanisms that control microglial responses is therefore an important objective. Using replication-incompetent adenovirus 5 (Ad5)-based vectors as a model, we investigated the mechanisms through which microglia recognize and respond to viral uptake. Transgenic, immunohistochemical, molecular-genetic, and fluorescence imaging approaches revealed that phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) exposure on the outer leaflet of transduced cells triggers their engulfment by microglia through TAM receptor-dependent mechanisms. We show that inhibition of phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) activity reduces intracellular calcium dysregulation, prevents PtdSer externalization, and enables months-long protection of vector-transduced, transgene-expressing cells from microglial phagocytosis. Our study identifies PLSCR1 as a potent target through which the innate immune response to viral vectors, and potentially other stimuli, may be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Tufail
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniela Cook
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lawrence Fourgeaud
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Colin J Powers
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katharina Merten
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Charles L Clark
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hoffman
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexander Ngo
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kohei J Sekiguchi
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Clodagh C O'Shea
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Greg Lemke
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Axel Nimmerjahn
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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14
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Sivagnanam U, Narayana Murthy S, Gummadi SN. Identification and characterization of the novel nuclease activity of human phospholipid scramblase 1. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 17:10. [PMID: 27206388 PMCID: PMC4875679 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-016-0067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Human phospholipid scramblase 1 (hPLSCR1) was initially identified as a Ca2+ dependent phospholipid translocator involved in disrupting membrane asymmetry. Recent reports revealed that hPLSCR1 acts as a multifunctional signaling molecule rather than functioning as scramblase. hPLSCR1 is overexpressed in a variety of tumor cells and is known to interact with a number of protein molecules implying diverse functions. Results In this study, the nuclease activity of recombinant hPLSCR1 and its biochemical properties have been determined. Point mutations were generated to identify the critical region responsible for the nuclease activity. Recombinant hPLSCR1 exhibits Mg2+ dependent nuclease activity with an optimum pH and temperature of 8.5 and 37 °C respectively. Experiments with amino acid modifying reagents revealed that histidine, cysteine and arginine residues were crucial for its function. hPLSCR1 has five histidine residues and point mutations of histidine residues to alanine in hPLSCR1 resulted in 60 % loss in nuclease activity. Thus histidine residues could play a critical role in the nuclease activity of hPLSCR1. Conclusions This is the first report on the novel nuclease activity of the multi-functional hPLSCR1. hPLSCR1 shows a metal dependent nuclease activity which could play a role in key cellular processes that needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulaganathan Sivagnanam
- From the Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - Shweta Narayana Murthy
- From the Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- From the Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India.
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15
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Reamtong O, Srimuang K, Saralamba N, Sangvanich P, Day NP, White NJ, Imwong M. Protein profiling of mefloquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 391:82-92. [PMID: 26869851 PMCID: PMC4708064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a mosquito borne infectious disease caused by protozoa of genus Plasmodium. There are five species of Plasmodium that are found to infect humans. Plasmodium falciparum can cause severe malaria leading to higher morbidity and mortality of malaria than the other four species. Antimalarial resistance is the major obstacle to control malaria. Mefloquine was used in combination with Artesunate for uncomplicated P. falciparum in South East Asia and it has developed and established mefloquine resistance in this region. Here, gel-enhanced liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS/MS)-based proteomics and label-free quantification were used to explore the protein profiles of mefloquine-sensitive and -induced resistant P. falciparum. A Thai P. falciparum isolate (S066) was used as a model in this research. Our data revealed for the first time that 69 proteins exhibited at least 2-fold differences in their expression levels between the two parasite lines. Of these, 36 were up-regulated and 33 were down-regulated in the mefloquine-resistant line compared with the mefloquine-sensitive line. These findings are consistent with those of past studies, where the multidrug resistance protein Pgh1 showed an up-regulation pattern consistent with that expected from its average 3-copy pfmdr1 gene number. Pgh1 and eight other up-regulated proteins (i.e., histo-aspartyl protease protein, exportin 1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit 8, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, serine rich protein homologue, exported protein 1, ATP synthase beta chain and phospholipid scramblase 1) were further validated for their expression levels using reverse transcriptase quantitative real-time PCR. The data support the up-regulation status in the mefloquine-resistant parasite line of all the candidate genes referred to above. Therefore, GeLC-MS/MS-based proteomics combined with label-free quantification is a reliable approach for exploring mefloquine resistance biomarkers in P. falciparum. Identification of these proteins leads to better understanding of mefloquine resistant mechanisms in malaria parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Krongkan Srimuang
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Naowarat Saralamba
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Polkit Sangvanich
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nicholas P.J. Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. White
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mallika Imwong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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16
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Slone EA, Pope MR, Fleming SD. Phospholipid scramblase 1 is required for β2-glycoprotein I binding in hypoxia and reoxygenation-induced endothelial inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2015. [PMID: 26216936 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a1014-480r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple pathologic conditions, including hemorrhage, tumor angiogenesis, and ischemia-reperfusion events, will result in hypoxia and subsequent reperfusion. Previous studies have analyzed the lipid changes within whole tissues and indicated that ischemia-reperfusion altered tissue and cellular phospholipids. Using an in vitro cell culture model of hypoxia and reoxygenation, we examined the endothelial lipid changes. We hypothesized that phospholipid scramblase 1, a protein that regulates bilayer asymmetry, is involved in altering the phospholipids of endothelial cells during hypoxia, a component of ischemia, leading to β2-glycoprotein I and IgM binding and subsequent lipid-mediated, inflammatory responses. We have completed the first comprehensive study of steady-state phospholipid scramblase 1 mRNA levels, protein expression, and activity under conditions of hypoxia and reoxygenation. Phospholipid scramblase 1 regulates phosphatidylserine exposure in response to oxygen stress, leading to β2-glycoprotein I and IgM binding and lipid-mediated, inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael R Pope
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Sherry D Fleming
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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17
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Kodigepalli KM, Nanjundan M. Induction of PLSCR1 in a STING/IRF3-dependent manner upon vector transfection in ovarian epithelial cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117464. [PMID: 25658875 PMCID: PMC4320088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the primary sensors of the innate immune system that recognize pathogenic nucleic acids including double-stranded plasmid DNA (dsDNA). TLR signaling activates multiple pathways including IRF3 which is involved in transcriptional induction of inflammatory cytokines (i.e. interferons (IFNs)). Phospholipid scramblase 1, PLSCR1, is a highly inducible IFN-regulated gene mediating anti-viral properties of IFNs. Herein, we report a novel finding that dsDNA transfection in T80 immortalized normal ovarian surface epithelial cell line leads to a marked increase in PLSCR1 mRNA and protein. We also noted a comparable response in primary mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). Similar to IFN-2α treated cells, de novo synthesized PLSCR1 was localized predominantly to the plasma membrane. dsDNA transfection, in T80 and HMEC cells, led to activation of MAPK and IRF3. Although inhibition of MAPK (using U0126) did not modulate PLSCR1 mRNA and protein, IRF3 knockdown (using siRNA) significantly ablated the PLSCR1 induction. In prior studies, the activation of IRF3 was shown to be mediated by cGAS-STING pathway. To investigate the contribution of STING to PLSCR1 induction, we utilized siRNA to reduce STING expression and observed that PLSCR1 protein was markedly reduced. In contrast to normal T80/HMECs, the phosphorylation of IRF3 as well as induction of STING and PLSCR1 were absent in ovarian cancer cells (serous, clear cell, and endometrioid) suggesting that the STING/IRF3 pathway may be dysregulated in these cancer cells. However, we also noted induction of different TLR and IFN mRNAs between the T80 and HEY (serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma) cell lines upon dsDNA transfection. Collectively, these results indicate that the STING/IRF3 pathway, activated following dsDNA transfection, contributes to upregulation of PLSCR1 in ovarian epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik M. Kodigepalli
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, United States of America
| | - Meera Nanjundan
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Kodigepalli KM, Bowers K, Sharp A, Nanjundan M. Roles and regulation of phospholipid scramblases. FEBS Lett 2014; 589:3-14. [PMID: 25479087 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid scramblase activity is involved in the collapse of phospholipid (PL) asymmetry at the plasma membrane leading to externalization of phosphatidylserine. This activity is crucial for initiation of the blood coagulation cascade and for recognition/elimination of apoptotic cells by macrophages. Efforts to identify gene products associated with this activity led to the characterization of PL scramblase (PLSCR) and XKR family members which contribute to phosphatidylserine exposure in response to apoptotic stimuli. Meanwhile, TMEM16 family members were identified to externalize phosphatidylserine in response to elevated calcium in Scott syndrome platelets, which is critical for activation of the coagulation cascade. Herein, we report their mechanisms of gene regulation, molecular functions independent of their scrambling activity, and their potential roles in pathogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik M Kodigepalli
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Kiah Bowers
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Arielle Sharp
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Meera Nanjundan
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States.
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