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Li J, Hou Y, Ding H, Wang P, Li B. 1α,25-hydroxyvitamin D/VDR suppresses stem-like properties of ovarian cancer cells by restraining nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Steroids 2024; 211:109488. [PMID: 39151767 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated that 1α,25-hydroxyvitamin D [1α,25(OH)2D3] inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells through suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, its influence on the translocation of β-catenin remains unclear. In the present study, ovarian cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), including side population (SP) and CD44+/CD117+, were isolated from mouse ovarian surface epithelial (MOSE) cells with malignant transformation. The findings revealed that 1α,25(OH)2D3 obviously reduced the sphere-forming ability, as well as Notch1 and Klf levels. Moreover, the limiting dilution assay demonstrated that 1α,25(OH)2D3 effectively hindered the tumorigenesis of ovarian CSCs in vitro. Notably, treatment with 1α,25(OH)2D3 led to a substantial increase in the cell population of CD44+/CD117+ forming one tumor from ≤ 100 to 445 in orthotopic transplanted model, indicating a pronounced suppression of stemness of ovarian CSCs. Additionally, 1α,25(OH)2D3 robustly promoted the translocation of β-catenin from the nuclear to the cytoplasm through directly binding to VDR, which resulted in decreased levels of c-Myc and CyclinD1 within late MOSE cells. Taken together, these results strongly supported the role of 1α,25(OH)2D3 in inhibiting stem-like properties in ovarian cancer cells by restraining nuclear translocation of β-catenin, thereby offering a promising target for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Deparment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongfeng Hou
- Deparment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Hongmei Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Deparment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Bingyan Li
- Deparment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Chen B, Liu J. Advances in ovarian tumor stem cells and therapy. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01385-8. [PMID: 38955927 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is considered the most lethal among all gynecological malignancies due to its early metastatic dissemination, extensive spread, and malignant ascites. The current standard of care for advanced ovarian cancer involves a combination of cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy utilizing platinum-based and taxane-based agents. Although initial treatment yields clinical remission in 70-80% of patients, the majority eventually develop treatment resistance and tumor recurrence. A growing body of evidence indicates the existence of cancer stem cells within diverse solid tumors, including ovarian cancer, which function as a subpopulation to propel tumor growth and disease advancement by means of drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. The presence of ovarian cancer stem cells is widely considered to be a significant contributor to the unfavorable clinical outcomes observed in patients with ovarian cancer, as they play a crucial role in mediating chemotherapy resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Ovarian cancer stem cells possess the capacity to reassemble within the entirety of the tumor following conventional treatment, thereby instigating the recurrence of ovarian cancer and inducing resistance to treatment. Consequently, the creation of therapeutic approaches aimed at eliminating ovarian cancer stem cells holds great potential for the management of ovarian cancer. These cells are regarded as one of the most auspicious targets and mechanisms for the treatment of ovarian cancer. There is a pressing need for a comprehensive comprehension of the fundamental mechanisms of ovarian cancer's recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance, alongside the development of effective strategies to overcome chemoresistance, metastasis, and recurrence. The implementation of cancer stem cell therapies may potentially augment the tumor cells' sensitivity to existing chemotherapy protocols, thereby mitigating the risks of tumor metastasis and recurrence, and ultimately improving the survival rates of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqing Chen
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Zhong S, Zhang Y, Lu X, Meftahpour V. The Therapeutic Potential of Cytokine-Induced Killer in Patients with Cancer. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024; 44:99-110. [PMID: 38488758 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the promising results of immunotherapy, further experiments need to be considered because of several factors ranging from physical barriers to off-tumor adverse effects. It is surprising that adoptive cellular immunotherapy, particularly dendritic cell and cytokine-induced killer (DC-CIK) therapy, is far less emphasized in the treatment of cancer diseases. DC-CIK therapy in cancer patients presents auspicious results with low or no side effects, which should not be overlooked. More interestingly, almost all DC-CIK clinical trials are ongoing in China that highlight the limitations of therapeutic strategies and require large-scale research. To date, it is advisable to consider combination therapy with chemotherapy since it has shown promising outcomes with higher efficacy. In this article, the efficacy of DC-CIK therapy in patients with cancer is summarized by underscoring the lack of experiments on soft cancers on an unprecedented scale. In brief, DC-CIK therapy is a safe and effective therapeutic agent for malignant and nonmalignant diseases that enhances short-term and long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixun Zhong
- Hai'an People's Hospital, Department of Oncology, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hai'an People's Hospital, Department of Oncology, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Hai'an People's Hospital, Department of Oncology, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Vafa Meftahpour
- Medical Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Sciences Department, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Xiong Y, Liu T, Chen J. Anisomycin has the potential to induce human ovarian cancer stem cell ferroptosis by influencing glutathione metabolism and autophagy signal transduction pathways. J Cancer 2023; 14:1202-1215. [PMID: 37215446 PMCID: PMC10197939 DOI: 10.7150/jca.83355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly malignant gynecological tumor that seriously endangers women's health. Previously, we demonstrated that anisomycin significantly inhibited the activity of ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) in vitro and in vivo. In this study, anisomycin treatment of OCSCs significantly reduced the content of adenosine triphosphate and total glutathione, increased the extent of lipid peroxidation, and increased malondialdehyde, and Fe2+ levels. The ferroptosis inhibitor Ferr-1 could significantly weaken the cytotoxicity of anisomycin. Subsequently, the cDNA microArray results suggested that anisomycin significantly reduced the transcription levels of gene clusters associated with protection from ferroptosis, such as those encoding members of the glutathione metabolism and autophagy signal transduction pathways. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that genes encoding core factors of these two pathways, and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), were significantly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues and correlated with poor prognosis. After overexpression or knockdown of ATF4, the ability of anisomycin to inhibit the proliferation and autophagy of OCSCs increased or decreased, respectively. Finally, analysis using a peripheral blood exosome database indicated that the contents of key factors (e.g., ATF4, GPX4, and ATG3) in peripheral blood exosomes from patients with ovarian cancer, were significantly higher than those of the healthy controls. Therefore, we hypothesized that anisomycin suppressed the expression of members of the glutathione metabolism and autophagy signal transduction pathways by downregulating the expression of ATF4. Moreover, anisomycin has the potential to induce human ovarian cancer stem cell ferroptosis. Overall, we confirmed that anisomycin has multiple targets and many mechanisms of action in inhibiting the activity of OCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Gongli Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medicical University in Pudong New Area of Shanghai City, Shanghai 200135, China
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Computational modeling of ovarian cancer dynamics suggests optimal strategies for therapy and screening. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026663118. [PMID: 34161278 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026663118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous tubo-ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is a major cause of cancer-related death. Treatment is not uniform, with some patients undergoing primary debulking surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS) and others being treated directly with chemotherapy and only having surgery after three to four cycles (NACT). Which strategy is optimal remains controversial. We developed a mathematical framework that simulates hierarchical or stochastic models of tumor initiation and reproduces the clinical course of HGSC. After estimating parameter values, we infer that most patients harbor chemoresistant HGSC cells at diagnosis and that, if the tumor burden is not too large and complete debulking can be achieved, PDS is superior to NACT due to better depletion of resistant cells. We further predict that earlier diagnosis of primary HGSC, followed by complete debulking, could improve survival, but its benefit in relapsed patients is likely to be limited. These predictions are supported by primary clinical data from multiple cohorts. Our results have clear implications for these key issues in HGSC management.
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Wang K, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu S, Wang C, Zhang S, Zhang T, Yang X. EIF5A2 enhances stemness of epithelial ovarian cancer cells via a E2F1/KLF4 axis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:186. [PMID: 33726845 PMCID: PMC7967996 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSC), endowed with tumor-initiating and self-renewal capacity, would account not only for the tumor growth, the peritoneal metastasis, and the relapse, but also for the acquisition of chemotherapy resistance. Nevertheless, figuring out their phenotypical and functional traits has proven quite challenging, mainly because of the heterogeneity of ovarian cancer. A deeper understanding of OCSC mechanisms will shed light on the development of the disease. Therefore, we aim to explore it for the design of innovative treatment regimens which aim at the eradication of ovarian cancer through the elimination of the CSC component. METHODS In this study, immunohistochemistry assay and western blot assay were used to detect protein expression in the primary tumor and peritoneal multi-cellular aggregates/spheroids (MCAs/MCSs). OCSCs induced from cell line SKOV3 and HO-8910 were enriched in a serum-free medium (SFM). The effect of EIF5A2 on CSC-like properties was detected by sphere-forming assays, re-differentiation assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, flow cytometry, cell viability assays, immunofluorescence staining, and in vivo xenograft experiments. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to reveal the mechanism by which EIF5A2 positively modulates the stem-like properties of ovarian cancer cells. RESULTS Expression of EIF5A2 was significantly higher in peritoneal MCAs/MCSs compared to matched primary tumors, and EIF5A2 was also unregulated in ovarian cancer cell line-derived spheroids. Knockdown of EIF5A2 reduced the expression of the stem-related markers (ALDH1A1 and OCT-4), inhibited self-renewal ability, improved the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, and inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that EIF5A2 knockdown reduced the expression of KLF4, which could partially rescue stem-like properties abolished by EIF5A2 knockdown or strengthened by EIF5A2 overexpression, through the transcription factor E2F1, which directly bind to KLF4 promoter. CONCLUSION Our results imply that EIF5A2 positively regulates stemness in ovarian cancer cells via E2F1/KLF4 pathway and may serve as a potential target in CSCs-targeted therapy for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Affiliated Reproductive Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanjian Wang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shujie Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianli Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingsheng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 People’s Republic of China
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Altamura C, Greco MR, Carratù MR, Cardone RA, Desaphy JF. Emerging Roles for Ion Channels in Ovarian Cancer: Pathomechanisms and Pharmacological Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:668. [PMID: 33562306 PMCID: PMC7914442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynecologic cancer, due to late diagnosis, development of platinum resistance, and inadequate alternative therapy. It has been demonstrated that membrane ion channels play important roles in cancer processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, and invasion. Here, we review the contribution of ion channels in the development and progression of OC, evaluating their potential in clinical management. Increased expression of voltage-gated and epithelial sodium channels has been detected in OC cells and tissues and shown to be involved in cancer proliferation and invasion. Potassium and calcium channels have been found to play a critical role in the control of cell cycle and in the resistance to apoptosis, promoting tumor growth and recurrence. Overexpression of chloride and transient receptor potential channels was found both in vitro and in vivo, supporting their contribution to OC. Furthermore, ion channels have been shown to influence the sensitivity of OC cells to neoplastic drugs, suggesting a critical role in chemotherapy resistance. The study of ion channels expression and function in OC can improve our understanding of pathophysiology and pave the way for identifying ion channels as potential targets for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Altamura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (M.R.C.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (M.R.C.); (J.-F.D.)
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Rosaria Carratù
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (M.R.C.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Jean-François Desaphy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.R.G.); (M.R.C.); (J.-F.D.)
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Zhan FL, Chen CF, Yao MZ. LncRNA TUG1 facilitates proliferation, invasion and stemness of ovarian cancer cell via miR-186-5p/ZEB1 axis. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:1069-1078. [PMID: 32390141 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
LncRNA TUG1 has been rarely studied in ovarian cancer (OC), our objective was to explore the role of TUG1 in the regulation of malignant phenotypes of OC. Vectors of sh-TUG1, miR-186-5p and pcDNA-ZEB1 were, respectively, constructed and used to infect OC cells. MTT and transwell assays were applied for representing cell proliferation and invasion, respectively. Sphere formation experiment was used to detect the stemness of OC cells. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were employed for detecting the expression of multiple biomarkers on protein and RNA levels, respectively. The luciferase assay was performed to reveal the interactions between miR-186-5p and TUG1 or ZEB1. The silencing of TUG1 and upregulation of miR-186-5p both suppressed the cell proliferation, invasion and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. Additionally, luciferase assay verified that miR-186-5p directly binds TUG1 and ZEB1. Moreover, overexpression of ZEB1 rescued the impact on the proliferation, invasion and stemness of TUG1 silencing in OC. TUG1 sponges miR-186-5p to release ZEB1 and promotes the proliferation, invasion and stemness of OC cells, suggesting that TUG1 could be a potential therapeutic target for OC therapy. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: LncRNA TUG1 could promote proliferation, invasion and stemness of ovarian cancer cells. Our study first discovered that TUG1 play a tumourigenic role in ovarian cancer by regulating stemness of cancer cells. Mechanism research exhibited the regulation role of TUG1 in ovarian cancer cells was miR-186-5p/ZEB1 axis depended. These results provided a new perspective to understand the pathogenesis and development of ovarian cancer; it will offer new evidence for better diagnosis and treatment therapy of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Liang Zhan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chun-Fang Chen
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mei-Zhen Yao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Zhang X, Su Y, Wu X, Xiao R, Wu Y, Yang B, Wang Z, Guo L, Kang X, Wang C. Integrative analysis of the common genetic characteristics in ovarian cancer stem cells sorted by multiple approaches. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:116. [PMID: 32977853 PMCID: PMC7519480 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the second fatal malignancy of the female reproductive system. Based on the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory, its poor prognosis of ovarian cancer attributed to tumor recurrence caused by CSCs. A variety of cell surface-specific markers have been employed to identify ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs). In this study, we attempted to explore the common feature in ovarian cancer stem cells sorted by multiple approaches. METHODS We collected the gene expression profiles of OCSCs were from 5 public cohorts and employed R software and Bioconductor packages to establish differently expressed genes (DEGs) between OCSCs and parental cells. We extracted the integrated DEGs by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and explored potential treatment by the Cellminer database. RESULTS We identified and integrated the DEGs of OCSCs sorted by multiple isolation approaches. Besides, we identified OCSCs share characteristics in the lipid metabolism and extracellular matrix changes. Moreover, we obtained 16 co-expressed core genes, such as FOXQ1, MMP7, AQP5, RBM47, ETV4, NPW, SUSD2, SFRP2, IDO1, ANPEP, CXCR4, SCNN1A, SPP1 and IFI27 (upregulated) and SERPINE1, DUSP1, CD40, and IL6 (downregulated). Through correlation analysis, we screened out ten potential drugs to target the core genes. CONCLUSION Based on the comprehensive analysis of the genomic datasets with different sorting methods of OCSCs, we figured out the common driving genes to regulating OCSC and obtained ten new potential therapies for eliminating ovarian cancer stem cells. Hence, the findings of our study might have potential clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Anv., Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Anv., Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Anv., Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Rourou Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Anv., Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Anv., Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Anv., Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Anv., Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Kang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Anv., Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Changyu Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Anv., Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Cui Y, Li Y, Li S, Li W, Zhu Y, Wang J, Liu X, Yue Y, Jin N, Li X. Anti-tumor effect of a dual cancer-specific recombinant adenovirus on ovarian cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112185. [PMID: 32828827 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptin can specifically kill cancer cells but has no toxicity to normal cells. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) acts as a tumor-specific promoter, triggering certain genes to replicate or express only in tumor cells, conferring specific replication and killing abilities. This study aimed at investigating the anticancer potential of the recombinant adenovirus Ad-apoptin-hTERTp-E1a (Ad-VT) in ovarian cancer treatment. METHODS Crystal Violet staining and WST-1 assays were used to analyze the inhibitory effect of Ad-VT on ovarian cancer SKOV3 and OVCAR-3 cells. Ad-VT-induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, was detected using Hoechst, Annexin V-FITC/PI, JC-1 staining. Cell migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells were detected using cell-scratch and Transwell assays. The pGL4.51 plasmid was used to transfect and to generate SKOV3-LUC cells, that stably express luciferase. The in vivo tumor inhibition effect of Ad-VT was subsequently confirmed using a tumor-bearing nude mouse model. RESULTS Ad-VT had a strong apoptosis-inducing effect on SKOV3 and OVCAR-3 cells, that was mainly mediated through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The Ad-VT could significantly increase the inhibition of ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion. The Ad-VT also can inhibit tumor growth and reduce toxicity in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The recombinant adenovirus, comprising the apoptin protein and the hTERTp promoter, was able to inhibit the growth of ovarian cancer cells and promote their apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Cui
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yiquan Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130122, PR China; Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Shanzhi Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130122, PR China; Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130122, PR China; Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Yilong Zhu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130122, PR China; Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130122, PR China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130122, PR China
| | - Ying Yue
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130122, PR China; Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, 130122, PR China; Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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Lee H, Kim JW, Kim DK, Choi DK, Lee S, Yu JH, Kwon OB, Lee J, Lee DS, Kim JH, Min SH. Calcium Channels as Novel Therapeutic Targets for Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072327. [PMID: 32230901 PMCID: PMC7177693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is reportedly attributed to the existence of cancer stem cells (CSC), because in most cancers, CSCs still remain after chemotherapy. To overcome this limitation, novel therapeutic strategies are required to prevent cancer recurrence and chemotherapy-resistant cancers by targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs). We screened an FDA-approved compound library and found four voltage-gated calcium channel blockers (manidipine, lacidipine, benidipine, and lomerizine) that target ovarian CSCs. Four calcium channel blockers (CCBs) decreased sphere formation, viability, and proliferation, and induced apoptosis in ovarian CSCs. CCBs destroyed stemness and inhibited the AKT and ERK signaling pathway in ovarian CSCs. Among calcium channel subunit genes, three L- and T-type calcium channel genes were overexpressed in ovarian CSCs, and downregulation of calcium channel genes reduced the stem-cell-like properties of ovarian CSCs. Expressions of these three genes are negatively correlated with the survival rate of patient groups. In combination therapy with cisplatin, synergistic effect was shown in inhibiting the viability and proliferation of ovarian CSCs. Moreover, combinatorial usage of manidipine and paclitaxel showed enhanced effect in ovarian CSCs xenograft mouse models. Our results suggested that four CCBs may be potential therapeutic drugs for preventing ovarian cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Lee
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jun Woo Kim
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Dae Kyung Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Dong Kyu Choi
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
| | - Seul Lee
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
| | - Ji Hoon Yu
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Oh-Bin Kwon
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
| | - Jungsul Lee
- 3 billion Inc., Seocho-gu, Seoul 06621, Korea;
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-S.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.-S.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Sang-Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.-S.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-H.M.)
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12
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Nguyen VHL, Hough R, Bernaudo S, Peng C. Wnt/β-catenin signalling in ovarian cancer: Insights into its hyperactivation and function in tumorigenesis. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:122. [PMID: 31829231 PMCID: PMC6905042 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest female malignancy. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays critical roles in regulating embryonic development and physiological processes. This pathway is tightly regulated to ensure its proper activity. In the absence of Wnt ligands, β-catenin is degraded by a destruction complex. When the pathway is stimulated by a Wnt ligand, β-catenin dissociates from the destruction complex and translocates into the nucleus where it interacts with TCF/LEF transcription factors to regulate target gene expression. Aberrant activation of this pathway, which leads to the hyperactivity of β-catenin, has been reported in ovarian cancer. Specifically, mutations of CTNNB1, AXIN, or APC, have been observed in the endometrioid and mucinous subtypes of EOC. In addition, upregulation of the ligands, abnormal activation of the receptors or intracellular mediators, disruption of the β-catenin destruction complex, inhibition of the association of β-catenin/E-cadherin on the cell membrane, and aberrant promotion of the β-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity, have all been reported in EOC, especially in the high grade serous subtype. Furthermore, several non-coding RNAs have been shown to regulate EOC development, in part, through the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been reported to promote cancer stem cell self-renewal, metastasis, and chemoresistance in all subtypes of EOC. Emerging evidence also suggests that the pathway induces ovarian tumor angiogenesis and immune evasion. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays critical roles in EOC development and is a strong candidate for the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Hough
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Chun Peng
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Guan H, Li J, Sun R, Liu W, Feng M, Ma H, Li C. Expression Of BMP7 In Ovarian Cancer And Biological Effect Of BMP7 Knockdown On Ovarian Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7897-7909. [PMID: 31576147 PMCID: PMC6769165 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s217975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of our research was to investigate the expression of BMP7 in ovarian cancer (OC) and the biological effect of knocking down BMP7 on ovarian cancer A2780 cells. Methods We detected BMP7 expression in ovarian cancer and normal ovarian tissue by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We downregulated BMP7 expression using lentivirus-mediated RNAi and then examined the effects of knocking down BMP7 on the cell growth and invasion, cell cycle and paclitaxel sensitivity of A2780 cells. The mRNA and protein levels were detected by total RNA extraction and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. The number of cells in each cell cycle stage and those undergoing apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. Results BMP7 expression was significantly higher in the ovarian cancer tissues than it was in the normal ovarian tissues. Knocking down BMP7 in ovarian cancer A2780 cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion; led to G1 cell cycle arrest; and reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) process. In addition, downregulating BMP7 increased the sensitivity of the A2780 cells to paclitaxel. Moreover, BMP7 downregulation resulted in decreased expression of Smad1/5/9, p-Smad1/5/9, ID2 and cyclin D1 protein. Conclusion The results presented here are expected to contribute to the development of possible therapeutic targets for patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Feng
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changzhong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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14
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Li X, Ding J, Li N, Liu W, Ding F, Zheng H, Ning Y, Wang H, Liu R, Ren S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of celastrol derivatives as anti-ovarian cancer stem cell agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:667-679. [PMID: 31279299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is associated with a high percentage of recurrence of tumors and resistance to chemotherapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for cancer progression, tumor recurrence, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Thus, developing CSC-targeting therapy is an urgent need in cancer research and clinical application. In an attempt to achieve potent and selective anti-CSC agents, a series of celastrol derivatives with cinnamamide chains were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-ovarian cancer activities. Most of the compounds exhibited stronger antiproliferative activity than celastrol, and celastrol derivative 7g with a 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamamide side chain was found to be the most potent antiproliferative agent against ovarian cancer cells with an IC50 value of 0.6 μM. Additionally, compound 7g significantly inhibited the colony formation ability and reduced the number of tumor spheres. Furthermore, compound 7g decreased the percentage of CD44+, CD133+ and ALDH+ cells. Thus, compound 7g is a promising anti-CSC agent and could serve as a candidate for the development of new anti-ovarian cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Ding
- Central Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhao Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Ning
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Renmin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaoda Ren
- Central Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Wang Z, Yin J, Li M, Shen J, Xiao Z, Zhao Y, Huang C, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Cho CH, Wu X. Combination of shikonin with paclitaxel overcomes multidrug resistance in human ovarian carcinoma cells in a P-gp-independent manner through enhanced ROS generation. Chin Med 2019; 14:7. [PMID: 30911326 PMCID: PMC6417206 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shikonin (SKN), a naphthoquinone compound, is isolated from Chinese herbal medicine Lithospermum root and has been studied as an anticancer drug candidate in human tumor models. This study is designed to investigate whether SKN can sensitize the therapeutic effect of paclitaxel (PTX) in drug-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cells. Methods Human ovarian carcinoma A2780 cell along with the paired PTX-resistant A2780/PTX cells were used. The effects of SKN, PTX or their combination on cell viability were conducted using Sulforhodamine B assay. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression was analyzed by flow cytometry after staining with P-gp-FITC anti-body. P-gp activity was determined by a fluorometric MDR assay kit or a rhodamine 123-based efflux assay, respectively. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry after Annexin V-FITC/PI co-staining. The effect of SKN, PTX or their combination on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and expression of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) were investigated using flow cytometry or western blotting, respectively. PKM2 activity was detected by a Pyruvate Kinase Assay Kit. Results SKN/PTX co-treatment led to synergistically enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in PTX-resistant ovarian cancer cells, indicating the circumvention of multidrug resistance (MDR) of PTX by SKN. Further study indicated that the MDR reversal effect of SKN was independent of inhibiting activity of the efflux transporter P-gp. Notably, SKN/PTX significantly increased the generation of intracellular ROS in A2780/PTX cells, and scavenging intracellular ROS blocked the sensitizing effects of SKN in PTX-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in A2780/PTX cells, but not in A2780 cells. Furthermore, SKN/PTX-induced downregulation of PKM2 (a key enzyme in glycolysis) and the suppression of its activity were inhibited by a ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), suggesting that the synergy of the SKN/PTX combination may be not rely on PKM2 suppression. Conclusions These results reveal a P-gp-independent mechanism through ROS generation for the SKN/PTX combination to overcome MDR in ovarian cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13020-019-0231-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109 Guangdong China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- 2Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan China
| | - Mingxing Li
- 2Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan China
| | - Jing Shen
- 2Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- 2Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- 2Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan China
| | - Chengliang Huang
- 3Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine II, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- 2Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- 2Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- 2Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan China
| | - Xu Wu
- 2Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan China
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Mahalaxmi I, Devi SM, Kaavya J, Arul N, Balachandar V, Santhy KS. New insight into NANOG: A novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer (OC). Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 852:51-57. [PMID: 30831081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer incidence, metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence are still the critical issues of oncological diseases especially Ovarian cancer (OC). It has been suggested that drug resistance and disease relapse are the main causes for the aggressive nature of OC. There is an immediate need to develop novel strategies to understand the mechanism to overcome chemoresistance. Nanog has been found to regulate stemness like cells inside the cancer cells that are termed as Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). These cells show high self-renewal capacity with a peculiar potential in tumour initiation, heterogeneity, progression, metastasis, recurrence, radiotherapy and multi drug resistance. Recent studies have demonstrated that Nanog, a key transcription factor for pluripotency, has been playing a major role in chemoresistance. In this review, we address the functions of Nanog in both normal and cancer cells, how Nanog is involved in OC tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. This review also highlights the methods that are used for targeting Nanog as a remedy for treating OC. Thus, through this review, we predict that these concepts will open new avenues of research in ovarian cancer stem cells, and would propose Nanog as a target to improve the outcome of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyer Mahalaxmi
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641043, India.
| | | | - Jayaramayya Kaavya
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641043, India
| | - Narayanasamy Arul
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Vellingiri Balachandar
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Kumaran Sivanandan Santhy
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641043, India
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Xu S, Yue Y, Zhang S, Zhou C, Cheng X, Xie X, Wang X, Lu W. STON2 negatively modulates stem-like properties in ovarian cancer cells via DNMT1/MUC1 pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:305. [PMID: 30518424 PMCID: PMC6282299 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess abilities of self-renewal and differentiation, have oncogenic potential and are regarded to be the source of cancer recurrence. However, the mechanism by which CSCs maintain their stemness remains largely unclear. Methods In this study, the cell line-derived ovarian CSCs (OCSCs), 3AO and Caov3, were enriched in serum-free medium (SFM). Differentially expressed proteins were compared between the OCSC subpopulation and parental cells using liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS label-free quantitative proteomics. Sphere-forming ability assays, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, and in vivo xenograft experiments were performed to evaluate stemness. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and pyrosequencing were used to reveal the mechanism by which STON2 negatively modulates the stem-like properties of ovarian cancer cells. Results Among the 74 most differentially expressed proteins, stonin 2 (STON2) was confirmed to be down-regulated in the OCSC subpopulation. We show that STON2 negatively modulates the stem-like properties of ovarian cancer cells, which are characterized by sphere formation, a CD44+CD24− ratio, and by CSC- and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers. STON2 knockdown also accelerated tumorigenesis in NOD/SCID mice. Further investigation revealed a downstream target, mucin 1 (MUC1), as up-regulated upon the down regulation of STON2. A decrease in both DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression and methylation in the promoter region of MUC1 was associated with subsequently elevated MUC1 expression, as detected in STON2 knockdown in 3AO and Caov3 cells. Direct DNMT1 knockdown simultaneously elevated MUC1 expression. The functional significance of this STON2-DNMT1/MUC1 pathway is supported by the observation that STON2 overexpression suppresses MUC1-induced sphere formation of OCSCs. The paired expression of STON2 and MUC1 in ovarian cancer specimens was also detected revealing the prognostic value of STON2 expression to be highly dependent on MUC1 expression. Conclusions Our results imply that STON2 may negatively regulate stemness in ovarian cancer cells via DNMT1-MUC1 mediated epigenetic modification. STON2 is therefore involved in OCSC biology and may represent a therapeutic target for innovative treatments aimed at ovarian cancer eradication. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0977-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yongfang Yue
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Songfa Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Caiyun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Women's Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Women's Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China. .,Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Women's Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China. .,Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Women's Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Zhao L, Wang ZG, Zhang P, Yu XF, Su XJ. Poly r(C) Binding Protein 1 Regulates Posttranscriptional Expression of the Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM56 in Ovarian Cancer. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:177-182. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology; Harbin Medical University at Daqing; Daqing Heilongjiang 163319 China
| | - Zhi-gang Wang
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology; Harbin Medical University at Daqing; Daqing Heilongjiang 163319 China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology; Harbin Medical University at Daqing; Daqing Heilongjiang 163319 China
| | - Xiu-feng Yu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology; Harbin Medical University at Daqing; Daqing Heilongjiang 163319 China
| | - Xiao-jie Su
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology; Harbin Medical University at Daqing; Daqing Heilongjiang 163319 China
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Autophagy Is Indispensable for the Self-Renewal and Quiescence of Ovarian Cancer Spheroid Cells with Stem Cell-Like Properties. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7010472. [PMID: 30319732 PMCID: PMC6167563 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7010472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of all gynecologic cancers. Cancer stem cells are considered to be the initiating cells of tumors. It is known that spheroid culture promotes ovarian cancer cells to acquire stem cell characteristics and to become stem cell-like. But the mechanisms remain largely unclear. Our data show that autophagy is sustainably activated in ovarian cancer spheroid cells. Inhibition of autophagy by knockdown of ATG5 abolishes the self-renewal ability of ovarian cancer spheroid cells. Knockdown of ATG5 prevents ovarian cancer spheroid cells to enter quiescent state. Autophagy is critical for quiescent ovarian cancer spheroid cells to reenter the cell cycle because rapamycin can promote quiescent ovarian cancer spheroid cells to form colonies on soft agar and knockdown of ATG5 can arrest ovarian cancer cells in G0/G1. Autophagy and NRF2 form a positive feedback regulation loop to regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in ovarian cancer spheroid cells. The optimal ROS level, neither too high nor too low, facilitates the self-renewal marker, NOTCH1, to reach to the highest level. Bafilomycin A1 can impair the self-renewal of ovarian cancer spheroid cells by disturbing ROS levels.
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20
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Saif M, Ager EI, Field P, Lilischkis KJ. The role of cancer stem cells and the therapeutic potential of TRX-E-002-1 in ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2018.1508339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saif
- GI Oncology & Exp. Therapeutics, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E. I. Ager
- Kazia Therapeutics, Three International Towers Level 24, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - K. J. Lilischkis
- Kazia Therapeutics, Three International Towers Level 24, Sydney, Australia
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21
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Parte SC, Batra SK, Kakar SS. Characterization of stem cell and cancer stem cell populations in ovary and ovarian tumors. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11:69. [PMID: 30121075 PMCID: PMC6098829 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is a complicated malady associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs) contributing to 238,700 estimated new cases and 151,900 deaths per year, worldwide. CSCs comprise a tiny fraction of tumor-bulk responsible for cancer recurrence and eventual mortality. CSCs or tumor initiating cells are responsible for self-renewal, differentiation and proliferative potential, tumor initiation capability, its progression, drug resistance and metastatic spread. Although several biomarkers are implicated in these processes, their distribution within the ovary and association with single cell type has neither been established nor demonstrated across ovarian tumor developmental stages. Therefore, precise identification, thorough characterization and effective targeted destruction of dormant and highly proliferating potent CSC populations is an immediate need. Results In view of this, distribution of various CSC (ALDH1/2, C-KIT, CD133, CD24 and CD44) and cell proliferation (KI67) specific markers in the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) and cortex regions in normal ovary, and benign, borderline and high grade metastatic ovarian tumors by immuno-histochemistry and confocal microscopy was studied. We further confirmed their expression by RT-PCR analysis. Co-expression analysis of stem cell (OCT4, SSEA4) and CSC (ALDH1/2, CD44 and LGR5) markers with proliferation marker (KI67) in HG tumors revealed dual positive proliferating stem and CSCs, few non-proliferating stem/CSC (SSEA4+/KI67− and ALDH1/2+/KI67−) and only KI67+ cells in cortex, signifying dynamic populations and interesting cellular hierarchy in cortex region. Smaller spherical (≤ 5 μm) and larger spindle/elliptical shaped (~ 10 μm) cell populations with high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio were detected across all samples (including normal ovaries) but with variable distribution and characteristic stage-wise marker expression across different tumor stages. Conclusions Diverse stem and CSC populations expressing characteristic markers revealing distinct phenotypes (spherical ≤5 μm and spindle/elliptical ~ 10 μm) were distributed within different tumor stages studied signifying dynamic and probable functional hierarchy within these cell types. Involvement of extra-ovarian sites of origin of stem and CSCs requires rigorous evaluation. Quantitative analysis of potent CSC populations, their mechanisms and pathways for self-renewal, chemo-resistance, metastatic spread etc. with respect to various markers studied, will provide better insights and targets for developing effective therapeutics to prevent metastasis and eventually help improve patient mortality. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13048-018-0439-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema C Parte
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, CTRB, Room 322, Louisville, 40202, KY, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40202, KY, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, 68198, NE, USA
| | - Sham S Kakar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, CTRB, Room 322, Louisville, 40202, KY, USA. .,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40202, KY, USA.
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22
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Qin W, Xiong Y, Chen J, Huang Y, Liu T. DC-CIK cells derived from ovarian cancer patient menstrual blood activate the TNFR1-ASK1-AIP1 pathway to kill autologous ovarian cancer stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3364-3376. [PMID: 29566310 PMCID: PMC6010766 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) are highly carcinogenic and have very strong resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic drugs; therefore, they are an important factor in ovarian cancer metastasis and recurrence. It has been reported that dendritic cell (DC)-cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have significant killing effects on all cancer cells across many systems including the blood, digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems. However, whether DC-CIK cells can selectively kill OCSCs is currently unclear. In this study, we collected ovarian cancer patient menstrual blood (OCPMB) samples to acquire mononuclear cells and isolated DC-CIK cells in vitro. In addition, autologous CD44+/CD133+ OCSCs were isolated and used as target cells. The experimental results showed that when DC-CIK cells and OCSCs were mixed and cultured in vitro at ratios of 5:1, 10:1 and 50:1, the DC-CIK cells killed significant amounts of OCSCs, inhibited their invasion in vitro and promoted their apoptosis. The qPCR and Western blot results showed that DC-CIK cells stimulated high expression levels and phosphorylation of TNFR1, ASK1, AIP1 and JNK in OCSCs through the release of TNF-α. After the endogenous TNFR1 gene was knocked out in OCSCs using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, the killing function of DC-CIK cells on target OCSCs was significantly attenuated. The results of the analyses of clinical samples suggested that the TNFR1 expression level was negatively correlated with ovarian cancer stage and prognosis. Therefore, we innovatively confirmed that DC-CIK cells derived from OCPMB could secret TNF-α to activate the expression of the TNFR1-ASK1-AIP1-JNK pathway in OCSCs and kill autologous OCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Qin
- Department of Clinical OncologyChangzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Juan Chen
- Gongli Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University in Pudong New Area of Shanghai CityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of PathologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
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23
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Kamalidehghan B, Ghafouri-Fard S, Motevaseli E, Ahmadipour F. Inhibition of human prostate cancer (PC-3) cells and targeting of PC-3-derived prostate cancer stem cells with koenimbin, a natural dietary compound from Murraya koenigii (L) Spreng. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:1119-1133. [PMID: 29765202 PMCID: PMC5942175 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s156826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) is an efficient curative maintenance protocol for the prevention of prostate cancer. The objectives of this study were to assess the efficiency of koenimbin, a major biologically active component of Murraya koenigii (L) Spreng, in the suppression of PC-3 cells and to target PC-3-derived cancer stem cells (CSCs) through apoptotic and CSC signaling pathways in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiproliferative activity of koenimbin was examined using MTT, and the apoptotic detection was carried out by acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) double-staining and multiparametric high-content screening (HCS) assays. Caspase bioluminescence assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunoblotting were conducted to confirm the expression of apoptotic-associated proteins. Cell cycle analysis was investigated using flow cytometry. Involvement of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was analyzed using HCS assay. Aldefluor™ and prostasphere formation examinations were used to evaluate the impact of koenimbin on PC-3 CSCs in vitro. RESULTS Koenimbin remarkably inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Koenimbin induced nuclear condensation, formation of apoptotic bodies, and G0/G1 phase arrest of PC-3 cells. Koenimbin triggered the activation of caspase-3/7 and caspase-9 and the release of cytochrome c, decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and HSP70 proteins, increased pro-apoptotic Bax proteins, and inhibited NF-κB translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, leading to the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Koenimbin significantly (P<0.05) reduced the aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive cell population of PC-3 CSCs and the size and number of PC-3 CSCs in primary, secondary, and tertiary prostaspheres in vitro. CONCLUSION Koenimbin has chemotherapeutic potential that may be employed for future treatment through decreasing the recurrence of cancer, resulting in the improvement of cancer management strategies and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Kamalidehghan
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadipour
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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24
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Browning LM, Lee KJ, Cherukuri PK, Huang T, Songkiatisak P, Warren S, Xu XHN. Single gold nanoparticle plasmonic spectroscopy for study of chemical-dependent efflux function of single ABC transporters of single live Bacillus subtilis cells. Analyst 2018; 143:1599-1608. [PMID: 29488517 PMCID: PMC5869163 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) membrane transporters serve as self-defense transport apparatus in many living organisms and they can selectively extrude a wide variety of substrates, leading to multidrug resistance (MDR). The detailed molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Single nanoparticle plasmonic spectroscopy highly depends upon their sizes, shapes, chemical and surface properties. In our previous studies, we have used the size-dependent plasmonic spectra of single silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to study the real-time efflux kinetics of the ABC (BmrA) transporter and MexAB-OprM transporter in single live cells (Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterium), respectively. In this study, we prepared and used purified, biocompatible and stable (non-aggregated) gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) (12.4 ± 0.9 nm) to study the efflux kinetics of single BmrA membrane transporters of single live Bacillus subtillis cells, aiming to probe chemical dependent efflux functions of BmrA transporters and their potential chemical sensing capability. Similar to those observed using Ag NPs, accumulation of the intracellular Au NPs in single live cells (WT and ΔBmrA) highly depends upon the cellular expression of BmrA and the NP concentration (0.7 and 1.4 nM). The lower accumulation of intracellular Au NPs in WT (normal expression of BmrA) than ΔBmrA (deletion of bmrA) indicates that BmrA extrudes the Au NPs out of the WT cells. The accumulation of Au NPs in the cells increases with NP concentration, suggesting that the Au NPs most likely passively diffuse into the cells, similar to antibiotics. The result demonstrates that such small Au NPs can serve as imaging probes to study the efflux function of the BmrA membrane transporter in single live cells. Furthermore, the dependence of the accumulation rate of intracellular Au NPs in single live cells upon the expression of BmrA and the concentration of the NPs is about twice higher than that of the same sized Ag NPs. This interesting finding suggests the chemical-dependent efflux kinetics of BmrA and that BmrA could distinguish nearly identical sized Au NPs from Ag NPs and might possess chemical sensing machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Browning
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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25
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Ma J, Salamoun J, Wipf P, Edwards R, Van Houten B, Qian W. Combination of a thioxodihydroquinazolinone with cisplatin eliminates ovarian cancer stem cell-like cells (CSC-LCs) and shows preclinical potential. Oncotarget 2017; 9:6042-6054. [PMID: 29464053 PMCID: PMC5814193 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell-like cells (CSC-LCs) contribute to drug resistance and recurrence of ovarian cancer. Strategies that can eradicate CSC-LCs are expected to substantially improve the outcome of ovarian cancer treatment. We have previously identified a class of thioxodihydroquinazolinone small molecules, which have strong synergistic antitumor activity with platinum drugs, the standard chemotherapeutic agents for ovarian cancer treatment. In the current study, using the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) as a marker of CSC-LCs, we demonstrated that the combination of thioxodihydroquinazolinone compound 19 with cisplatin is able to diminish ALDH-high CSC-LC populations in both platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines and primary ovarian cancer cells from metastatic ascites of a cisplatin-resistant patient. Compound 19 enhanced the accumulation of intracellular cisplatin in ALDH-high ovarian CSC-LCs. The combination of compound 19 with cisplatin was also able to reduce the sphere-forming capability of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Using a spheroid-based in vitro metastasis model of ovarian cancer, we demonstrated that the co-administration of compound 19 with cisplatin prevents ovarian cancer spheroid cells from attaching to substratum and spreading. In a cisplatin-resistant in vivo intraperitoneal xenograft mouse model, the combination of compound 19 with cisplatin significantly reduced tumor burden, as compared to cisplatin alone. Taken together, our study demonstrated that thioxodihydroquinazolinones represent a new class of agents that in combination with cisplatin are capable of eliminating CSC-LCs in ovarian cancer. Further development of thioxodihydroquinazolinone small molecules may yield a more effective treatment for cisplatin-resistant metastatic ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Joseph Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.,Accelerated Chemical Discovery Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Robert Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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26
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CD10 -/ALDH - cells are the sole cisplatin-resistant component of a novel ovarian cancer stem cell hierarchy. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3128. [PMID: 29048400 PMCID: PMC5680566 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is long established that tumour-initiating cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess chemoresistant properties. However, little is known of the mechanisms involved, particularly with respect to the organisation of CSCs as stem-progenitor-differentiated cell hierarchies. Here we aimed to elucidate the relationship between CSC hierarchies and chemoresistance in an ovarian cancer model. Using a single cell-based approach to CSC discovery and validation, we report a novel, four-component CSC hierarchy based around the markers cluster of differentiation 10 (CD10) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). In a change to our understanding of CSC biology, resistance to chemotherapy drug cisplatin was found to be the sole property of CD10−/ALDH− CSCs, while all four CSC types were sensitive to chemotherapy drug paclitaxel. Cisplatin treatment quickly altered the hierarchy, resulting in a three-component hierarchy dominated by the cisplatin-resistant CD10−/ALDH− CSC. This organisation was found to be hard-wired in a long-term cisplatin-adapted model, where again CD10−/ALDH− CSCs were the sole cisplatin-resistant component, and all CSC types remained paclitaxel-sensitive. Molecular analysis indicated that cisplatin resistance is associated with inherent- and adaptive-specific drug efflux and DNA-damage repair mechanisms. Clinically, low CD10 expression was consistent with a specific set of ovarian cancer patient samples. Collectively, these data advance our understanding of the relationship between CSC hierarchies and chemoresistance, which was shown to be CSC- and drug-type specific, and facilitated by specific and synergistic inherent and adaptive mechanisms. Furthermore, our data indicate that primary stage targeting of CD10−/ALDH− CSCs in specific ovarian cancer patients in future may facilitate targeting of recurrent disease, before it ever develops.
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27
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Zhao L, Zhang P, Su XJ, Zhang B. The ubiquitin ligase TRIM56 inhibits ovarian cancer progression by targeting vimentin. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2420-2425. [PMID: 28771721 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is responsible for 90% of all cancer-related deaths. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important prerequisite for tumor metastasis. One of the important mediators of EMT and cancer progression in ovarian cancer is the vimentin protein. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the molecular mechanism that regulates vimentin expression in ovarian cancer cells. Vimentin was robustly induced in the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3 compared to normal ovarian epithelial cell line Moody and the induction was not due to transcriptional upregulation. Treatment with the proteasomal inhibitor MG-132 revealed that vimentin is actively degraded by the proteasome in Moody cells and stabilized in the SKOV-3 cell line. Mass spectrometric analysis of vimentin immunoprecipitate of MG-132 treated Moody cells revealed candidate ubiquitin ligases associated with vimentin. RNAi mediated silencing of the candidate ubiquitin in Moody cells and concurrent overexpression of the candidate ubiquitin ligases in SKOV-3 confirmed that TRIM56 is the ubiquitin ligase that is degrading vimentin in Moody cells. RNAi mediated silencing of TRIM56 in Moody cells and ectopic overexpression of TRIM56 in SKOV-3 cells, respectively, significantly up- and down-regulated in vitro migration and invasion in these cells. Analysis of TRIM56 transcript level and vimentin protein expression in 25 patients with ovarian carcinoma confirmed an inverse correlation between TRIM56 and vimentin expression. Cumulatively, our data reveals for the first time a novel post-translational regulatory mechanism of regulating vimentin expression, EMT, and metastatic progression in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University at Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University at Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Su
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University at Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University at Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
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28
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Orzechowska BU, Jędryka M, Zwolińska K, Matkowski R. VSV based virotherapy in ovarian cancer: the past, the present and …future? J Cancer 2017; 8:2369-2383. [PMID: 28819441 PMCID: PMC5560156 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The standard approach to treating patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) after primary debulking surgery remains taxane and platinum-based chemotherapy. Despite treatment with this strategy, the vast majority of patients relapse and develop drug-resistant metastatic disease that may be driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cancer initiating cells (CICs). Oncolytic viruses circumvent typical drug-resistance mechanisms, therefore they may provide a safe and effective alternative treatment for chemotherapy-resistant CSCs/CICs. Among oncolytic viruses vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has demonstrated oncolysis and preferential replication in cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding existing knowledge on biology of the ovarian cancer and the role of ovarian CSCs (OCSCs) in tumor dissemination and chemoresistance. In addition we also present an overview of recent advances in ovarian cancer therapies with oncolytic viruses (OV). We focus particularly on key genetic or immune response pathways involved in tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer which facilitate oncolytic activity of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). We highlight the prospects of targeting OCSCs with VSV. The importance of testing an emerging ovarian cancer animal models and ovarian cancer cell culture conditions influencing oncolytic efficacy of VSV is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Urszula Orzechowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Jędryka
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Gynaecological Oncology, Chemotherapy and Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wrocław, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology Centre, Wroclaw, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zwolińska
- Laboratory of Virology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Gynaecological Oncology, Chemotherapy and Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wrocław, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology Centre, Wroclaw, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wrocław, Poland
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El Bairi K, Amrani M, Kandhro AH, Afqir S. Prediction of therapy response in ovarian cancer: Where are we now? Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2017; 54:233-266. [PMID: 28443762 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2017.1313190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapy resistance is a major challenge in the management of ovarian cancer (OC). Advances in detection and new technology validation have led to the emergence of biomarkers that can predict responses to available therapies. It is important to identify predictive biomarkers to select resistant and sensitive patients in order to reduce important toxicities, to reduce costs and to increase survival. The discovery of predictive and prognostic biomarkers for monitoring therapy is a developing field and provides promising perspectives in the era of personalized medicine. This review article will discuss the biology of OC with a focus on targetable pathways; current therapies; mechanisms of resistance; predictive biomarkers for chemotherapy, antiangiogenic and DNA-targeted therapies, and optimal cytoreductive surgery; and the emergence of liquid biopsy using recent studies from the Medline database and ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Bairi
- a Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy , Mohamed Ist University , Oujda , Morocco
| | - Mariam Amrani
- b Equipe de Recherche ONCOGYMA, Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department , National Institute of Oncology, Université Mohamed V , Rabat , Morocco
| | - Abdul Hafeez Kandhro
- c Department of Biochemistry , Healthcare Molecular and Diagnostic Laboratory , Hyderabad , Pakistan
| | - Said Afqir
- d Department of Medical Oncology , Mohamed VI University Hospital , Oujda , Morocco
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30
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Zanotti L, Romani C, Tassone L, Todeschini P, Tassi RA, Bandiera E, Damia G, Ricci F, Ardighieri L, Calza S, Marchini S, Beltrame L, Tognon G, D'Incalci M, Pecorelli S, Sartori E, Odicino F, Ravaggi A, Bignotti E. MAL gene overexpression as a marker of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma stem-like cells that predicts chemoresistance and poor prognosis. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:366. [PMID: 28545541 PMCID: PMC5445497 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within a tumor bulk has been demonstrated for many solid tumors including epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). CSCs have been associated to tumor invasion, metastasis and development of chemoresistant recurrences. In this context, we aim to characterize EOC CSCs from the molecular point of view in order to identify potential biomarkers associated with chemoresistance. METHODS We isolated a population of cells with stem-like characteristics (OVA-BS4 spheroids) from a primary human EOC cell line under selective conditions. OVA-BS4 spheroids were characterized for drug response by cytotoxicity assays and their molecular profile was investigated by microarray and RT-qPCR. Finally, we performed a gene expression study in a cohort of 74 high-grade serous EOC (HGSOC) patients by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Spheroids exhibited properties of self-renewal and a pronounced expression of well-known stem cell genes. Moreover, they demonstrated greater resistance towards several anticancer drugs compared to parent cell line, consistent with their higher ABCG2 gene expression. From microarray studies MAL (T-cell differentiation protein) emerged as the most up-regulated gene in spheroids, compared to parent cell line. In HGSOC patients, MAL was significantly overexpressed in platinum-resistant compared to platinum-sensitive patients and resulted as an independent prognostic marker of survival. CONCLUSIONS This investigation provides an important contribution to the identification of molecular markers of ovarian CSCs and chemoresistance. Successful translation of molecular findings would lead to a better comprehension of the mechanisms triggering chemoresistant recurrences, to the individuation of novel therapeutic targets and to the personalization of treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zanotti
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Romani
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Tassone
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Todeschini
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Renata Alessandra Tassi
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bandiera
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS, "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ricci
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS, "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Ardighieri
- Department of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Calza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergio Marchini
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS, "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Beltrame
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS, "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Germana Tognon
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS, "Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Pecorelli
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Sartori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco Odicino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Ravaggi
- "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eliana Bignotti
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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miRNA-34c-5p inhibits amphiregulin-induced ovarian cancer stemness and drug resistance via downregulation of the AREG-EGFR-ERK pathway. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e326. [PMID: 28459431 PMCID: PMC5525454 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer mainly due to late diagnosis, easy spreading and rapid development of chemoresistance. Cancer stem cells are considered to be one of the main mechanisms for chemoresistance, as well as metastasis and recurrent disease. To explore the stemness characteristics of ovarian cancer stem cells, we successfully enriched ovarian cancer stem-like cells from an established ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV-I6) and a fresh ovarian tumor-derived cell line (OVS1). These ovarian cancer stem-like cells possess important cancer stemness characteristics including sphere-forming and self-renewing abilities, expressing important ovarian cancer stem cell and epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers, as well as increased drug resistance and potent tumorigenicity. Microarray analysis of OVS1-derived sphere cells revealed increased expression of amphiregulin (AREG) and decreased expression of its conserved regulatory microRNA, miR-34c-5p, when compared with the OVS1 parental cells. Overexpression of AREG and decreased miR-34c-5p expression in SKOV-I6 and OVS1 sphere cells were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Luciferase reporter assay and mutant analysis confirmed that AREG is a direct target of miR-34c-5p. Furthermore, AREG-mediated increase of sphere formation, drug resistance toward docetaxel and carboplatin, as well as tumorigenicity of SKOV-I6 and OVS1 cells could be abrogated by miR-34c-5p. We further demonstrated that miR-34c-5p inhibited ovarian cancer stemness through downregulation of the AREG-EGFR-ERK pathway. Overexpression of AREG was found to be correlated with advanced ovarian cancer stages and poor prognosis. Taken together, our data suggest that AREG promotes ovarian cancer stemness and drug resistance via the AREG-EGFR-ERK pathway and this is inhibited by miR-34c-5p. Targeting AREG, miR-34c-5p could be a potential strategy for anti-cancer-stem cell therapy in ovarian cancer.
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Dihydromyricetin Induces Apoptosis and Reverses Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Cells by p53-mediated Downregulation of Survivin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46060. [PMID: 28436480 PMCID: PMC5402300 DOI: 10.1038/srep46060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death in gynecological malignancies, and the resistance to chemotherapeutic agents remains a major challenge to successful ovarian cancer chemotherapy. Dihydromyricetin (DHM), a natural flavonoid derived from Ampeopsis Grossdentata, has been widely applied in food industry and medicine for a long time. However, little is known about the effects of DHM on ovarian cancer and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated that DHM could effectively inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells and induce cell apoptosis. Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis (IAPs) family member, exhibited a decreased expression level after DHM treatment, which may be attributed to the activation of p53. Moreover, DHM markedly sensitized paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) resistant ovarian cancer cells to PTX and DOX by inhibiting survivin expression. Collectively, our findings highlight a previously undiscovered effect of DHM, which induces apoptosis and reverses multi-drug resistance against ovarian cancer cells through downregulation of survivin.
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Gasch C, Ffrench B, O'Leary JJ, Gallagher MF. Catching moving targets: cancer stem cell hierarchies, therapy-resistance & considerations for clinical intervention. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:43. [PMID: 28228161 PMCID: PMC5322629 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0601-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that targeting the tumour-initiating cancer stem cell (CSC) component of malignancy has great therapeutic potential, particularly in therapy-resistant disease. However, despite concerted efforts, CSC-targeting strategies have not been efficiently translated to the clinic. This is partly due to our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying CSC therapy-resistance. In particular, the relationship between therapy-resistance and the organisation of CSCs as Stem-Progenitor-Differentiated cell hierarchies has not been widely studied. In this review we argue that modern clinical strategies should appreciate that the CSC hierarchy is a dynamic target that contains sensitive and resistant components and expresses a collection of therapy-resisting mechanisms. We propose that the CSC hierarchy at primary presentation changes in response to clinical intervention, resulting in a recurrent malignancy that should be targeted differently. As such, addressing the hierarchical organisation of CSCs into our bench-side theory should expedite translation of CSC-targeting to bed-side practice. In conclusion, we discuss strategies through which we can catch these moving clinical targets to specifically compromise therapy-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gasch
- Department of Histopathology, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland.,Coombe Women and Infant's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Ffrench
- Department of Histopathology, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland.,Coombe Women and Infant's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland.,Coombe Women and Infant's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael F Gallagher
- Department of Histopathology, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland. .,Coombe Women and Infant's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland.
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Worzfeld T, Pogge von Strandmann E, Huber M, Adhikary T, Wagner U, Reinartz S, Müller R. The Unique Molecular and Cellular Microenvironment of Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:24. [PMID: 28275576 PMCID: PMC5319992 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reciprocal interplay of cancer cells and host cells is an indispensable prerequisite for tumor growth and progression. Cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system, in particular tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and T cells, as well as cancer-associated fibroblasts enter into a malicious liaison with tumor cells to create a tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Ovarian cancer, the most lethal of all gynecological malignancies, is characterized by a unique TME that enables specific and efficient metastatic routes, impairs immune surveillance, and mediates therapy resistance. A characteristic feature of the ovarian cancer TME is the role of resident host cells, in particular activated mesothelial cells, which line the peritoneal cavity in huge numbers, as well as adipocytes of the omentum, the preferred site of metastatic lesions. Another crucial factor is the peritoneal fluid, which enables the transcoelomic spread of tumor cells to other pelvic and peritoneal organs, and occurs at more advanced stages as a malignancy-associated effusion. This ascites is rich in tumor-promoting soluble factors, extracellular vesicles and detached cancer cells as well as large numbers of T cells, TAMs, and other host cells, which cooperate with resident host cells to support tumor progression and immune evasion. In this review, we summarize and discuss our current knowledge of the cellular and molecular interactions that govern this interplay with a focus on signaling networks formed by cytokines, lipids, and extracellular vesicles; the pathophysiologial roles of TAMs and T cells; the mechanism of transcoelomic metastasis; and the cell type selective processing of signals from the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Worzfeld
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Experimental Tumor Research, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Biomedical Research Center, Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Till Adhikary
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Uwe Wagner
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM) , Marburg , Germany
| | - Silke Reinartz
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
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NANOG regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160247. [PMID: 27884977 PMCID: PMC5223747 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A key transcription factor associated with poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy in ovarian cancer is NANOG. However, the mechanism by which NANOG functions remains undefined. It has been suggested that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) also contributes to development of drug resistance in different cancers. We thus determined whether NANOG expression was associated with EMT and chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. NANOG expression was increased in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines compared with its expression in normal epithelial ovarian cell lines. NANOG expression in SKOV-3 or OV2008 cells directly correlated with high expression of mesenchymal cell markers and inversely with low expression of epithelial cell marker. RNAi-mediated silencing of NANOG in SKOV-3 reversed the expression of mesenchymal cell markers and restored expression of E-cadherin. Reversibly, stable overexpression of NANOG in Moody cells increased expression of N-cadherin whereas down-regulating expression of E-cadherin, cumulatively indicating that NANOG plays an important role in maintaining the mesenchymal cell markers. Modulating NANOG expression did not have any effect on proliferation or colony formation. Susceptibility to cisplatin increased in SKOV-3 cells on down-regulating NANOG and reversible results were obtained in Moody cells post-overexpression of NANOG. NANOG silencing in SKOV-3 and OV2008 robustly attenuated in vitro migration and invasion. NANOG expression exhibited a biphasic pattern in patients with ovarian cancer and expression was directly correlated to chemoresistance retrospectively. Cumulatively, our data demonstrate that NANOG expression modulates chemosensitivity and EMT resistance in ovarian cancer.
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36
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Choi EJ, Seo EJ, Kim DK, Lee SI, Kwon YW, Jang IH, Kim KH, Suh DS, Kim JH. FOXP1 functions as an oncogene in promoting cancer stem cell-like characteristics in ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3506-19. [PMID: 26654944 PMCID: PMC4823123 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological cancers with a high recurrence rate. It is important to understand the nature of recurring cancer cells to terminally eliminate ovarian cancer. The winged helix transcription factor Forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) has been reported to function as either oncogene or tumor-suppressor in various cancers. In the current study, we show that FOXP1 promotes cancer stem cell-like characteristics in ovarian cancer cells. Knockdown of FOXP1 expression in A2780 or SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells decreased spheroid formation, expression of stemness-related genes and epithelial to mesenchymal transition-related genes, cell migration, and resistance to Paclitaxel or Cisplatin treatment, whereas overexpression of FOXP1 in A2780 or SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells increased spheroid formation, expression of stemness-related genes and epithelial to mesenchymal transition-related genes, cell migration, and resistance to Paclitaxel or Cisplatin treatment. In addition, overexpression of FOXP1 increased promoter activity of ABCG2, OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2, among which the increases in ABCG2, OCT4, and SOX2 promoter activity were dependent on the presence of FOXP1-binding site. In xenotransplantation of A2780 ovarian cancer cells into nude mice, knockdown of FOXP1 expression significantly decreased tumor size. These results strongly suggest FOXP1 functions as an oncogene by promoting cancer stem cell-like characteristics in ovarian cancer cells. Targeting FOXP1 may provide a novel therapeutic opportunity for developing a relapse-free treatment for ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Choi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Seo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Kyoung Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su In Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Woo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ho Jang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 626-770, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
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37
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Zhao R, Liu X, Wang Y, Jie X, Qin R, Qin W, Zhang M, Tai H, Yang C, Li L, Peng P, Shao M, Zhang X, Wu H, Ruan Y, Xu C, Ren S, Gu J. Integrated glycomic analysis of ovarian cancer side population cells. Clin Proteomics 2016; 13:32. [PMID: 27833472 PMCID: PMC5103398 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-016-9131-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy due to its frequent recurrence and drug resistance even after successful initial treatment. Accumulating scientific evidence indicates that subpopulations of cancer cells with stem cell-like properties, such as so-called side population (SP) cells, are primarily responsible for these recurrences. A better understanding of SP cells may provide new clues for detecting and targeting these cancer-initiating cells and ultimately help to eradicate cancer. Changes in glycosylation patterns are remarkable features of SP cells. Here, we isolated SP cells from ovarian cancer cell lines and analyzed their glycosylation patterns using multiple glycomic strategies. Methods Six high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell lines were used for SP cell isolation. Among them, HO8910 pm, which contained the highest proportion of SP cells, was used for glycomic analysis of SP cells. Cell lysate of SP cells and main population cells was applied to lectin microarray and mass spectrometry for glycan profiling. Differently expressed glycan structures were further verified by lectin blot, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR analysis of their relevant enzymes. Results Expression of core fucosylated N-glycan and tumor-associated Tn, T and sT antigens were increased in SP cells. By contrast, SP cells exhibited decreased hybrid glycan, α2,3-linked sialic glycan and multivalent sialyl-glycan. Conclusions Glycan structures, such as Tn, T, sT antigens, and core fucosylation may serve as biomarkers of ovarian cancer stem cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12014-016-9131-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fang-Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Yisheng Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fang-Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Jie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fang-Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011 People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Tai
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fang-Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011 People's Republic of China
| | - Caiting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Peike Peng
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, 419 Fang-Xie Road, Shanghai, 200011 People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Shifang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032 People's Republic of China
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Wei Z, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Luo Q, Man X, Wei F, Yu X. Downregulation of Foxo3 and TRIM31 by miR-551b in side population promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance of ovarian cancer. Med Oncol 2016; 33:126. [PMID: 27743201 PMCID: PMC5065596 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OVCa) stem cells are associated with tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence, which are driving forces behind a majority of the OVCa-related mortality. This subpopulation of cancer cells are characterized by uncontrolled proliferation, high invasiveness, and resistance against the current platinum-based therapy. Thus, targeting OVCa cancer stem cells has been focused in recent therapeutic development. Isolation and purification of cancer stem cells are, however, challenging for the lack of sensitive and specific markers. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-551b was upregulated in OVCa stem cells, by using a quantitative PCR array, correlating with the pathological grades of this malignancy. In vitro experiments indicated that miR-551b promoted the proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance of OVCa cells and cancer stem cells. Further analysis suggested that miR-551b functioned through the suppression of Foxo3 and TRIM31, two important tumor suppressors. In support of this, our in vivo experiments using mouse xenograft models showed that inhibiting miR-551b significantly increased the susceptibility of OVCa cells to cisplatin and prolonged the survival of the host mice. In conclusion, our study suggested miR-551b as a potential biomarker for OVCa stem cells and explored its functional mechanism, providing a potential therapeutic target for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentong Wei
- Department of Oncologic Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, The Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaxia Man
- Department of Oncologic Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wei
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory of People's Liberation Army, The Eleventh Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences of People's Liberation Army, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Department of Oncologic Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Zoonotic Disease, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Virant-Klun I, Stimpfel M. Novel population of small tumour-initiating stem cells in the ovaries of women with borderline ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34730. [PMID: 27703207 PMCID: PMC5050448 DOI: 10.1038/srep34730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small stem cells with diameters of up to 5 μm previously isolated from adult human ovaries indicated pluripotency and germinal lineage, especially primordial germ cells, and developed into primitive oocyte-like cells in vitro. Here, we show that a comparable population of small stem cells can be found in the ovarian tissue of women with borderline ovarian cancer, which, in contrast to small stem cells in "healthy" ovaries, formed spontaneous tumour-like structures and expressed some markers related to pluripotency and germinal lineage. The gene expression profile of these small putative cancer stem cells differed from similar cells sorted from "healthy" ovaries by 132 upregulated and 97 downregulated genes, including some important forkhead box and homeobox genes related to transcription regulation, developmental processes, embryogenesis, and ovarian cancer. These putative cancer stem cells are suggested to be a novel population of ovarian tumour-initiating cells in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Virant-Klun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Stimpfel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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40
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Browning LM, Lee KJ, Nallathamby PD, Cherukuri PK, Huang T, Warren S, Xu XHN. Single Nanoparticle Plasmonic Spectroscopy for Study of Charge-Dependent Efflux Function of Multidrug ABC Transporters of Single Live Bacillus subtilis Cells. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2016; 120:21007-21016. [PMID: 29662596 PMCID: PMC5899213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b03313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug membrane transporters can selectively extrude a wide variety of structurally and functionally unrelated substrates, and they are responsible for ineffective treatment of a wide range of diseases (e.g., infection and cancer). Their underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we functionalized Ag NPs (11 nm in diameter) with two biocompatible peptides (CALNNK, CALNNE) to prepare positively and negatively charged Ag-peptide NPs (Ag-CALNNK NPs+ζ, Ag-CALNNE NPs-4ζ), respectively. We used them as photostable plasmonic imaging probes to study charge-dependent efflux kinetics of BmrA (ABC) membrane transporter of single live Bacillus (B.) subtilis cells. Two strains of the cells, normal expression of BmrA (WT) or devoid of BmrA (ΔBmrA), were used to study the charge-dependent efflux kinetics of single NPs upon the expression of BmrA. The NPs (1.4 nM) were stable (non-aggregated) in a PBS buffer and biocompatible to the cells. We found the high dependent accumulation of the intracellular NPs in both WT and ΔBmrA upon the charge and concentration of NPs. Notably, the accumulation rates of the positively charged NPs in single live WT cells are nearly identical to those in ΔBmrA cells, showing independence upon the expression of BmrA. In contrast, the accumulation rates of the negatively charged NPs in WT are much lower than in ΔBmrA, showing high dependence upon the expression of BmrA and suggesting that BmrA extrude the negatively charged NPs, but not positively charged NPs, out of the WT. The accumulation of positively charged NPs in both WT and ΔBmrA increases nearly proportionally to the NP concentration. The accumulation of negatively charged NPs in ΔBmrA, but not in WT, also increases nearly proportionally to the NP concentration. These results suggest that both negatively and positively charged NPs enter the cells via passive diffusion driven by concentration gradients across the cellular membrane, and BmrA can only extrude the negatively charged NPs out of the WT. This study shows that single NP plasmon spectroscopy can serve as a powerful tool to identify single plasmonic NPs and to probe the charge-dependent efflux kinetics and function of single membrane transporters in single live cells in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Browning
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Kerry J. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Prakash D. Nallathamby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Pavan K. Cherukuri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Seth Warren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Nancy Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
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Wang X, Chen L, Xiao Z, Wang Y, Liu T, Zhang T, Zhang Y. Screening glioma stem cells in U251 cells based on the P1 promoter of the CD133 gene. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2457-2462. [PMID: 27698813 PMCID: PMC5038209 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD)133 is an important cell surface marker of glioma stem cells (GSCs). The transcription of the CD133 gene is controlled by five alternative promoters (P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5), which are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. In the present study, gene recombination technology was used to construct two types of gene expression vectors that contained the P1 promoter of the CD133 gene, which regulated either the neomycin-resistance gene or the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene. Following the stable transfection of U251 glioblastoma cells with these two gene vectors, the cells expressing the P1 promoter that regulated the neomycin-resistance gene were named CD133 (+) cells, while the cells expressing the P1 promoter regulating the HSV-TK gene were called CD133 (−) cells. The expression of CD133 was detected by flow cytometry and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to assess cell proliferation ability, while the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and a clone formation test was performed to evaluate the invasive capability of the cells. The results demonstrated that, due to CD133 expression, the cell proliferation ability and the invasive capability of CD133 (+) cells were significantly higher than those of CD133 (−) cells. In conclusion, the present study successfully established a novel method of screening GSCs in U251 cells based on the P1 promoter of the CD133 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Tumor and Blood Disease, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhongdi Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Tiemei Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Tianfu Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Zhang XF, Gurunathan S. Combination of salinomycin and silver nanoparticles enhances apoptosis and autophagy in human ovarian cancer cells: an effective anticancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3655-75. [PMID: 27536105 PMCID: PMC4977082 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s111279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most important malignancies, and the origin, detection, and pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer remain elusive. Although many cancer drugs have been developed to dramatically reduce the size of tumors, most cancers eventually relapse, posing a critical problem to overcome. Hence, it is necessary to identify possible alternative therapeutic approaches to reduce the mortality rate of this devastating disease. To identify alternative approaches, we first synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a novel bacterium called Bacillus clausii. The synthesized AgNPs were homogenous and spherical in shape, with an average size of 16–20 nm, which are known to cause cytotoxicity in various types of human cancer cells, whereas salinomycin (Sal) is able to kill cancer stem cells. Therefore, we selected both Sal and AgNPs to study their combined effect on apoptosis and autophagy in ovarian cancer cells. The cells treated with either Sal or AgNPs showed a dose-dependent effect with inhibitory concentration (IC)-50 values of 6.0 µM and 8 µg/mL for Sal and AgNPs, respectively. To determine the combination effect, we measured the IC25 values of both Sal and AgNPs (3.0 µM and 4 µg/mL), which showed a more dramatic inhibitory effect on cell viability and cell morphology than either Sal or AgNPs alone. The combination of Sal and AgNPs had more pronounced effect on cytotoxicity and expression of apoptotic genes and also significantly induced the accumulation of autophagolysosomes, which was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of cell viability. Our data show a strong synergistic interaction between Sal and AgNPs in tested cancer cells. The combination treatment increased the therapeutic potential and demonstrated the relevant targeted therapy for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, we provide, for the first time, a mode of action for Sal and AgNPs in ovarian cancer cells: enhanced apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Ayub TH, Keyver-Paik MD, Debald M, Rostamzadeh B, Thiesler T, Schröder L, Barchet W, Abramian A, Kaiser C, Kristiansen G, Kuhn W, Kübler K. Accumulation of ALDH1-positive cells after neoadjuvant chemotherapy predicts treatment resistance and prognosticates poor outcome in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16437-48. [PMID: 25999351 PMCID: PMC4599280 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although ovarian cancer is a highly chemosensitive disease, it is only infrequently cured. One of the major reasons lies in the presence of drug-resistant cancer stem-like cells, sufficient to fuel recurrence. We phenotyped cancer stem-like cells by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry in 55 matched samples before and after taxane/platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All used markers of stemness (ALDH1, CD24, CD117, CD133) isolated low frequencies of malignant cells. ALDH1 was the most valuable marker for tracking stemness in vivo. The enrichment of ALDH1 expression after treatment was associated with a poor response to chemotherapy, with platinum resistance and independently prognosticated unfavorable outcome. Our results suggest that increased ALDH1 expression after treatment identifies patients with aggressive tumor phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiyasha H Ayub
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mignon-Denise Keyver-Paik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuel Debald
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn, Germany
| | - Babak Rostamzadeh
- Institute of Pathology, Center for Integrated Oncology, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thore Thiesler
- Institute of Pathology, Center for Integrated Oncology, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Schröder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn, Germany
| | - Winfried Barchet
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Integrated Oncology, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alina Abramian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Kaiser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn, Germany
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, Center for Integrated Oncology, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn, Germany
| | - Walther Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kirsten Kübler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse, Bonn, Germany
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Borley J, Brown R. Epigenetic mechanisms and therapeutic targets of chemotherapy resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. Ann Med 2015; 47:359-69. [PMID: 26158617 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1043140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological cancer with the majority of patients succumbing to chemotherapy-resistant disease. Unravelling the mechanisms of drug resistance and how it can be prevented or reversed is a pivotal challenge in the treatment of cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms appear to play a crucial role in the development of inherent and acquired resistance in ovarian cancer. Aberrant epigenetic states can be reversed by drug therapy, and thus maintenance of epigenetic change is a potential target to halt or reverse chemotherapy resistance. This review explores the evidence that demonstrates that DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs are associated with inherent and acquired chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer and the current challenges associated with this. We also explore current epigenetic therapies used in patients with drug-resistant ovarian cancer and future potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Borley
- a Department of Surgery and Cancer , Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN , UK
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