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Konger RL, Xuei X, Derr-Yellin E, Fang F, Gao H, Liu Y. The Loss of PPARγ Expression and Signaling Is a Key Feature of Cutaneous Actinic Disease and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Association with Tumor Stromal Inflammation. Cells 2024; 13:1356. [PMID: 39195246 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma in epidermal inflammation and carcinogenesis, we analyzed the transcriptomic changes observed in epidermal PPARγ-deficient mice (Pparg-/-epi). A gene set enrichment analysis revealed a close association with epithelial malignancy, inflammatory cell chemotaxis, and cell survival. Single-cell sequencing of Pparg-/-epi mice verified changes to the stromal compartment, including increased inflammatory cell infiltrates, particularly neutrophils, and an increase in fibroblasts expressing myofibroblast marker genes. A comparison of transcriptomic data from Pparg-/-epi and publicly available human and/or mouse actinic keratoses (AKs) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) revealed a strong correlation between the datasets. Importantly, PPAR signaling was the top common inhibited canonical pathway in AKs and SCCs. Both AKs and SCCs also had significantly reduced PPARG expression and PPARγ activity z-scores. Smaller reductions in PPARA expression and PPARα activity and increased PPARD expression but reduced PPARδ activation were also observed. Reduced PPAR activity was also associated with reduced PPARα/RXRα activity, while LPS/IL1-mediated inhibition of RXR activity was significantly activated in the tumor datasets. Notably, these changes were not observed in normal sun-exposed skin relative to non-exposed skin. Finally, Ppara and Pparg were heavily expressed in sebocytes, while Ppard was highly expressed in myofibroblasts, suggesting that PPARδ has a role in myofibroblast differentiation. In conclusion, these data provide strong evidence that PPARγ and possibly PPARα represent key tumor suppressors by acting as master inhibitors of the inflammatory changes found in AKs and SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond L Konger
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ethel Derr-Yellin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Jasmine F, Argos M, Khamkevych Y, Islam T, Rakibuz-Zaman M, Shahriar M, Shea CR, Ahsan H, Kibriya MG. Molecular Profiling and the Interaction of Somatic Mutations with Transcriptomic Profiles in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC) in a Population Exposed to Arsenic. Cells 2024; 13:1056. [PMID: 38920684 PMCID: PMC11201393 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to inorganic arsenic (As) is recognized as a risk factor for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). We followed up with 7000 adults for 6 years who were exposed to As. During follow-up, 2.2% of the males and 1.3% of the females developed basal cell carcinoma (BCC), while 0.4% of the male and 0.2% of the female participants developed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Using a panel of more than 400 cancer-related genes, we detected somatic mutations (SMs) in the first 32 NMSC samples (BCC = 26 and SCC = 6) by comparing paired (tissue-blood) samples from the same individual and then comparing them to the SM in healthy skin tissue from 16 participants. We identified (a) a list of NMSC-associated SMs, (b) SMs present in both NMSC and healthy skin, and (c) SMs found only in healthy skin. We also demonstrate that the presence of non-synonymous SMs in the top mutated genes (like PTCH1, NOTCH1, SYNE1, PKHD1 in BCC and TP53 in SCC) significantly affects the magnitude of differential expressions of major genes and gene pathways (basal cell carcinoma pathways, NOTCH signaling, IL-17 signaling, p53 signaling, Wnt signaling pathway). These findings may help select groups of patients for targeted therapy, like hedgehog signaling inhibitors, IL17 inhibitors, etc., in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Jasmine
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (F.J.)
| | - Maria Argos
- Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Global Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yuliia Khamkevych
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (F.J.)
| | - Tariqul Islam
- UChicago Research Bangladesh (URB), University of Chicago, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (F.J.)
| | - Christopher R. Shea
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (F.J.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Biological Science Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Muhammad G. Kibriya
- Institute for Population and Precision Health (IPPH), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (F.J.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Biological Science Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Hossain A, Ahsan A, Hasan I, Sohel, Khan A, Somadder PD, Monjur S, Miah S, Kibria KMK, Ahmed K, Rahman H. Screening out molecular pathways and prognostic biomarkers of ultraviolet-mediated melanoma through computational techniques. Int J Biol Markers 2024; 39:118-129. [PMID: 38410032 DOI: 10.1177/03936155241230968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ultraviolet radiation causes skin cancer, but the exact mechanism by which it occurs and the most effective methods of intervention to prevent it are yet unknown. For this purpose, our study will use bioinformatics and systems biology approaches to discover potential biomarkers of skin cancer for early diagnosis and prevention of disease with applicable clinical treatments. METHODS This study compared gene expression and protein levels in ultraviolet-mediated cultured keratinocytes and adjacent normal skin tissue using RNA sequencing data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information-Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI-GEO) database. Then, pathway analysis was employed with a selection of hub genes from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the survival and expression profiles. Finally, potential clinical biomarkers were validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS We identified 32 shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by analyzing three different subsets of the GSE85443 dataset. Skin cancer development is related to the control of several DEGs through cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity, cell cycle regulation, and activation of the NIMA kinase pathways. The cytoHubba plugin in Cytoscape identified 12 hub genes from PPI; among these 3 DEGs, namely, AURKA, CDK4, and PLK1 were significantly associated with survival (P < 0.05) and highly expressed in skin cancer tissues. For validation purposes, ROC curve analysis indicated two biomarkers: AURKA (area under the curve (AUC) value = 0.8) and PLK1 (AUC value = 0.7), which were in an acceptable range. CONCLUSIONS Further translational research, including clinical experiments, teratogenicity tests, and in-vitro or in-vivo studies, will be performed to evaluate the expression of these identified biomarkers regarding the prognosis of skin cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arju Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Ahsan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Imran Hasan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Sohel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Pratul Dipta Somadder
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Sumaiya Monjur
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sipon Miah
- Department of Information and communication Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - K M Kaderi Kibria
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Kawsar Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Group of Biophotomatiχ, Department of Information and Communication Technology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Research, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
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Hossain A, Tom LN, Melati‐Rad A, Yamada M, Hammerlindl S, Jagirdar K, Prow TW, Soyer HP, Stark MS. MicroRNA expression profiling of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and precursor lesions. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2024; 4:e360. [PMID: 38846701 PMCID: PMC11150735 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Actinic keratoses (AK) are pre-malignant skin lesions caused by chronic sun exposure. Progression from an AK to intraepidermal carcinoma (IEC) and a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is well known but the rate of transformation to an invasive SCC is highly variable. Since no definitive biomarkers are available, treatment decisions are made ad hoc. Objectives To fully characterise our AK to SCC progression series, we performed microRNA (miRNA) microarray expression profiling of normal and photodamaged skin, as well as AKs, IEC, and invasive SCCs. Methods The study recruited 27 patients who donated fresh biopsies of normal skin, photodamaged skin, AK, IEC, and SCC (n = 67 specimens). All miRbase (v.21) miRNAs were profiled to identify miRNAs related to SCC progression. miRNAs were validated using qRT-PCR and in vitro phenotypic assays. Results There were 234 robustly expressed miRNAs across the tissue collection, which resulted in 20 miRNA that were differentially expressed ((cor)p ≤ 0.05 and ≥ 10 fold) between normal skin and SCC. Hierarchical clustering all samples illustrated that AKs, IEC, and SCCs were largely indistinguishable, which confirms the premalignant status of an AK. A panel of miRNAs showed significant dysregulation between normal and photodamaged skin and AK. Importantly, we found miR-34a-5p and miR-31-5p had significant differential expression between AKs and IEC and IEC and SCC respectively. Phenotypic assays determined that the miR-31 duplex had opposing effects on SCC cell lines which suggests that dysregulation of this duplex may be related to the dynamic control of progression of transformed keratinocytes. Conclusions This study confirmed the continuum of AK with IEC and SCC highlighting that miRNA expression plays a role in keratinocyte transformation. Development of our putative miRNA biomarker candidates is warranted to aid in clinical management of patients experiencing high AK load to determine the most appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbor Hossain
- Frazer InstituteThe University of QueenslandDermatology Research CentreBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Lisa N. Tom
- Frazer InstituteThe University of QueenslandDermatology Research CentreBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ala Melati‐Rad
- Frazer InstituteThe University of QueenslandDermatology Research CentreBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- The Melanoma CentreSouth BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Miko Yamada
- Skin Research CentreYork Biomedical Research InstituteHull York Medical SchoolUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Sabrina Hammerlindl
- Frazer InstituteThe University of QueenslandDermatology Research CentreBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryThe University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kasturee Jagirdar
- Frazer InstituteThe University of QueenslandDermatology Research CentreBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Tarl W. Prow
- Skin Research CentreYork Biomedical Research InstituteHull York Medical SchoolUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - H. Peter Soyer
- Frazer InstituteThe University of QueenslandDermatology Research CentreBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Department of DermatologyPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Mitchell S. Stark
- Frazer InstituteThe University of QueenslandDermatology Research CentreBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Lee YB, Kim JI. Genetic Studies of Actinic Keratosis Development: Where Are We Now? Ann Dermatol 2023; 35:389-399. [PMID: 38086352 PMCID: PMC10733082 DOI: 10.5021/ad.23.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common precancerous skin lesion that can develop into cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). AK is characterized by atypical keratinocytes in the skin's outer layer and is commonly found in sun-exposed areas. Like many precancerous lesions, the development of AK is closely associated with genetic mutations. The molecular biology and transcriptional mechanisms underlying AK development are not well understood. Ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, especially UVA and UVB radiation, is a significant risk factor for AK, causing DNA damage and mutagenic effects. Besides UV exposure, comorbidities like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis may also influence AK development. AK patients have shown associations with various internal malignancies, indicating potential vulnerability in cancer-associated genes. Treatment for AK includes cryosurgery, electrodesiccation and curettage, chemotherapeutic creams, photodynamic therapy, or topical immune-modulators. Genomic studies have identified genetic aberrations in AK, with common mutations found in genes like TP53, NOTCH1, and NOTCH2. The progression from AK to CSCC involves chromosomal aberrations and alterations in oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. The functional relationships among these genes are not fully understood, but network analysis provides insights into their potential mechanisms. Further research is needed to enhance our understanding of AK's pathogenesis and develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bok Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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6
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Yang YL, Zhou C, Chen Q, Shen SZ, Li JD, Wang XL, Wang PR. YAP1/Piezo1 involve in the dynamic changes of lymphatic vessels in UVR-induced photoaging progress to squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2023; 21:820. [PMID: 37974224 PMCID: PMC10655279 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND UV-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common skin cancers. The constant alterations of the lymphatic-centered immune microenvironment are essential in transforming from photoaging to cSCC. Studying the mechanism will be beneficial for new targets exploration to the early prediction of cSCC. AIMS To investigate the dynamic changes and mechanism of the lymphatic-centered immune microenvironment in transforming from photoaging to cSCC induced by ultraviolet irradiation (UVR). METHODS TIMER2.0 was used to analyze whether YAP1/VEGFC signaling pathway is involved in lymphangiogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Meanwhile, lymphatic-centered immune microenvironments alterations and the related cumulative survival time were also analyzed. With the accumulated UVR, skin photoaging developed and gradually progressed into actinic keratosis and cSCC on SKH-1 hairless mice. The skin lymphatic-centered immune microenvironment was evaluated at the 0th, 8th, 12th, 16-18th, and 20-24th week of UVR. Skin phenotype was assessed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and skin image. H&E and Masson's trichrome staining evaluated epidermis and dermis. The structure of lymphatic vessels (LVs), blood vessels, and different types of T cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining. The expression of Piezo1 whose deletion in adult lymphatics led to substantial valve degeneration, VE-cadherin that maintained the permeability of LVs, and YAP1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining as well. Besides, the drainage function of LVs was assessed by Evans Blue assay in vivo. RESULTS The lymphatic function and immune cell infiltration underwent adaptive changes under continuous UVR. TIMER2.0 analysis indicated that VEGFC genes high expressed in HNSCC. YAP1 gene expression was positive correlated with VEGFC in HNSCC. LV density increased in human cSCC. More LVs in HNSCC were beneficial to prolong the survival time. VEGFC gene overexpression was positive correlated to CD8+T cell infiltration. More CD8A+T cells and CD8B+T cell infiltration in HNSCC extended survival time. When YAP1 gene overexpression and high infiltration of endothelial cells took place simultaneously might prolong the survival time of HNSCC patients. And high infiltration of CD8+T cells prolonged the survival time as well. In animal studies, UVR-induced eight weeks (photoaging) and 16-18 weeks (precancerous) were two turning points. The density of LVs in UV-8w was the least. When photoaged skin developed into AK lesions (UV-16-18w), LV slightly exceeded healthy skin and proliferated sharply in cSCC (UV-20-24w). YAP1 expression was almost consistent with LV but rose after the photoaging stage. The drainage of cSCC mice induced by UVR was better than that of photoaged skin and worse than that of health skin. The dynamic alterations of LVs number, Piezo1 expression, and collagen might be reasons for it. The expression of Piezo1 was in the highest point after 8 weeks of UVR, then gradually descended to the platform. The total T cells increased slowly, but the infiltration of CD4+T cells increased, and CD8+T cells decreased after eight weeks of UVR. The CD8+T cells and CD4+T cells increased sharply in UV-16-18w and UV-20-24w groups. CONCLUSION The lymphatic-centered immune microenvironment underwent adaptive changes under continuous UVR via regulating YAP1/VEGFC and Piezo1. During the formation of cSCC, there are two turning points, eight weeks (photoaging) and 16-18 weeks (precancerous). YAP1, Piezo1, LVs, and immune cells constantly changed with the skin state induced by UVR. According to these changes the process of cSCC can be identified in advance and intervene timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling L Yang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu Zhou
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzhan Z Shen
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiandan D Li
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli L Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peiru R Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Dubois-Pot-Schneider H, Khairallah G, Brzenczek C, Plénat F, Marchal F, Amouroux M. Transcriptomic Study on Human Skin Samples: Identification of Two Subclasses of Actinic Keratoses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065937. [PMID: 36983009 PMCID: PMC10058209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinic keratoses (AKs) are sun-damaged skin areas that affect 20% of the European adult population and more than 50% of people aged 70 years and over. There are currently no clinical or histological features allowing us to identify to which clinical class (i.e., regression or progression) an AK belongs. A transcriptomic approach seems to be a robust tool for AK characterization, but there is a need for additional studies, including more patients and elucidating the molecular signature of an AK. In this context, the present study, including the largest number of patients to date, is the first aiming at identifying biological features to objectively distinguish different AK signatures. We highlight two distinct molecular profiles: AKs featuring a molecular profile similar to squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), which are called "lesional AKs" (AK_Ls), and AKs featuring a molecular profile similar to normal skin tissue, which are called "non-lesional AKs" (AK_NLs). The molecular profiles of both AK subclasses were studied, and 316 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two classes. The 103 upregulated genes in AK_L were related to the inflammatory response. Interestingly, downregulated genes were associated with keratinization. Finally, based on a connectivity map approach, our data highlight that the VEGF pathway could be a promising therapeutic target for high-risk lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grégoire Khairallah
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, 54000 Nancy, France
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital, 57530 Ars-Laquenexy, France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Marchal
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, 54000 Nancy, France
- Département de Chirurgie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 54519 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Schlesinger T, Stockfleth E, Grada A, Berman B. Tirbanibulin for Actinic Keratosis: Insights into the Mechanism of Action. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:2495-2506. [PMID: 36415541 PMCID: PMC9675993 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s374122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common pre-neoplastic skin lesion constituted by uncontrolled proliferation of atypical keratinocytes that may evolve to squamous cell carcinoma. With global prevalence increasing, AK is expected to be the most common carcinoma of the skin. Tirbanibulin is a reversible tubulin polymerization inhibitor with potent anti-proliferative and anti-tumoral effects. In-vivo and in-vitro studies have shown that tirbanibulin significantly inhibits cell proliferation, tumor growth and downregulates Src signaling with no overt toxicity. Early phase and Phase III trials have shown high lesion clearance, compliance, and few side effects of once daily tirbanibulin treatment. This review discusses tirbanibulin anti-cancer activity, focusing on tubulin polymerization and Src signaling inhibitory effects, highlighting relevant literature and novel preclinical results from the ATNXUS-KX01-001 study. Furthermore, we address the relevant findings obtained in recent clinical trials to evaluate the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, clearance efficacy, and side effects of the 1% tirbanibulin ointment applied once daily. In summary, we highlight preclinical and clinical evidence on the use of tirbanibulin as an effective and safe treatment option for AK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ayman Grada
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian Berman
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Ebrahimi N, Kharazmi K, Ghanaatian M, Miraghel SA, Amiri Y, Seyedebrahimi SS, Mobarak H, Yazdani E, Parkhideh S, Hamblin MR, Aref AR. Role of the Wnt and GTPase pathways in breast cancer tumorigenesis and treatment. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 67:11-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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RPL15 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via regulation of RPs-MDM2-p53 signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:150. [PMID: 35410346 PMCID: PMC9003963 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Backround RPL15 has been found to participate in human tumorigenesis. However, its function and regulatory mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development are still unclear. Current study investigated the effects of RPL15 in HCC. Methods The expression of RPL15 in clinical tissues and cell lines of HCC was detected by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Colony formation, CCK-8, flow cytometry, Wound healing and Transwell invasion assays, were used to detect the carcinoma progression of HCC cells with RPL15 overexpression or knockdown in vitro. A xenograft model was constructed to assess the effect of RPL15 knockdown on HCC cells in vivo. The expression of CDK2 and Cyclin E1 related to cell cycles, Bax and Bcl-2 related to cell apoptosis, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), p53 and p21 related to p53 signaling pathway, were detected by Western blotting. The connection between p53, MDM2 and RPL5/11 affected by RPL15 was analyzed using immunoprecipitation and Cycloheximide (CHX) chase assay. Results Elevated RPL15 was identified in HCC tissues, which was not only a prediction for the poor prognosis of HCC patients, but also associated with the malignant progression of HCC. RPL15 silencing arrested HCC cell cycle, suppressed HCC cell colony formation, proliferation, invasion, and migration, and induce cell apoptosis. On the contrary, RPL15 upregulation exerted opposite effects. Results also indicated that HCC cell invasion and migration were associated with EMT, and that the RPs-MDM2-p53 pathway was implicated in RPL15-mediated oncogenic transformation. In addition, RPL15 knockdown significantly suppressed HCC xenografts growth. Conclusions RPL15 played crucial roles in HCC progression and metastasis, serving as a promising candidate for targeted therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02555-5.
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11
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Molecular Mechanisms of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073478. [PMID: 35408839 PMCID: PMC8998533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers are cutaneous malignancies representing the most common form of cancer in the United States. They are comprised predominantly of basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC). The incidence of cSCC is increasing, resulting in substantial morbidity and ever higher treatment costs; currently in excess of one billion dollars, per annum. Here, we review research defining the molecular basis and development of cSCC that aims to provide new insights into pathogenesis and drive the development of novel, cost and morbidity saving therapies.
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12
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Thomson J, Bewicke-Copley F, Anene CA, Gulati A, Nagano A, Purdie K, Inman GJ, Proby CM, Leigh IM, Harwood CA, Wang J. The Genomic Landscape of Actinic Keratosis. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1664-1674.e7. [PMID: 33482222 PMCID: PMC8221374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Actinic keratoses (AKs) are lesions of epidermal keratinocyte dysplasia and are precursors for invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Identifying the specific genomic alterations driving the progression from normal skin to skin with AK to skin with invasive cSCC is challenging because of the massive UVR-induced mutational burden characteristic at all stages of this progression. In this study, we report the largest AK whole-exome sequencing study to date and perform a mutational signature and candidate driver gene analysis on these lesions. We demonstrate in 37 AKs from both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients that there are significant similarities between AKs and cSCC in terms of mutational burden, copy number alterations, mutational signatures, and patterns of driver gene mutations. We identify 44 significantly mutated AK driver genes and confirm that these genes are similarly altered in cSCC. We identify azathioprine mutational signature in all AKs from patients exposed to the drug, providing further evidence for its role in keratinocyte carcinogenesis. cSCCs differ from AKs in having higher levels of intrasample heterogeneity. Alterations in signaling pathways also differ, with immune-related signaling and TGFβ signaling significantly more mutated in cSCC. Integrating our findings with independent gene expression datasets confirms that dysregulated TGFβ signaling may represent an important event in AK‒cSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Thomson
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Findlay Bewicke-Copley
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chinedu Anthony Anene
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abha Gulati
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ai Nagano
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Purdie
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J Inman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte M Proby
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Irene M Leigh
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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13
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Xu HH, Gan J, Xu DP, Li L, Yan WH. Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Role of the Immune Checkpoint HLA-G Molecule in Cancers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:614773. [PMID: 34276642 PMCID: PMC8281136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.614773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is known as a novel immune checkpoint molecule in cancer; thus, HLA-G and its receptors might be targets for immune checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to systematically identify the roles of checkpoint HLA-G molecules across various types of cancer. ONCOMINE, GEPIA, CCLE, TRRUST, HAP, PrognoScan, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, LinkedOmics, STRING, GeneMANIA, DAVID, TIMER, and CIBERSORT were utilized. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed. In this study, we comprehensively analysed the heterogeneous expression of HLA-G molecules in various types of cancer and focused on genetic alterations, coexpression patterns, gene interaction networks, HLA-G interactors, and the relationships between HLA-G and pathological stage, prognosis, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. We first identified that the mRNA expression levels of HLA-G were significantly upregulated in both most tumor tissues and tumor cell lines on the basis of in-depth analysis of RNAseq data. The expression levels of HLA-G were positively associated with those of the other immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4. Abnormal expression of HLA-G was significantly correlated with the pathological stage of some but not all tumor types. There was a significant difference between the high and low HLA-G expression groups in terms of overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS). The results showed that HLA-G highly expressed have positive associations with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the microenvironment in most types of tumors (P<0.05). Additionally, we identified the key transcription factor (TF) targets in the regulation of HLA-G expression, including HIVEP2, MYCN, CIITA, MYC, and IRF1. Multiple mutations (missense, truncating, etc.) and the methylation status of the HLA-G gene may explain the differential expression of HLA-G across different tumors. Functional enrichment analysis showed that HLA-G was primarily related to T cell activation, T cell regulation, and lymphocyte-mediated immunity. The data may provide novel insights for blockade of the HLA-G/ILT axis, which holds potential for the development of more effective antitumour treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Xu
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China
| | - Jun Gan
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Dan-Ping Xu
- Reproductive Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Lu Li
- Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Wei-Hua Yan
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China
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14
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Cancer type-specific alterations in actin genes: Worth a closer look? INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 360:133-184. [PMID: 33962749 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Actins form a strongly conserved family of proteins that are central to the functioning of the actin cytoskeleton partaking in natural processes such as cell division, adhesion, contraction and migration. These processes, however, also occur during the various phases of cancer progression. Yet, surprisingly, alterations in the six human actin genes in cancer studies have received little attention and the focus was mostly on deregulated expression levels of actins and even more so of actin-binding or regulatory proteins. Starting from the early mutation work in the 1980s, we propose based on reviewing literature and data from patient cancer genomes that alterations in actin genes are different in distinct cancer subtypes, suggesting some specificity. These actin gene alterations include (missense) mutations, gene fusions and copy number alterations (deletions and amplifications) and we illustrate their occurrence for a limited number of examples including actin mutations in lymphoid cancers and nonmelanoma skin cancer and actin gene copy number alterations for breast, prostate and liver cancers. A challenge in the future will be to further sort out the specificity per actin gene, alteration type and cancer subtype. Even more challenging is (experimentally) distinguishing between cause and consequence: which alterations are passengers and which are involved in tumor progression of particular cancer subtypes?
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15
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Jang JH, Kim DH, Surh YJ. Dynamic roles of inflammasomes in inflammatory tumor microenvironment. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:18. [PMID: 33686176 PMCID: PMC7940484 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory tumor microenvironment has been known to be closely connected to all stages of cancer development, including initiation, promotion, and progression. Systemic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment is increasingly being recognized as an important prognostic marker in cancer patients. Inflammasomes are master regulators in the first line of host defense for the initiation of innate immune responses. Inflammasomes sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, following recruitment of immune cells into infection sites. Therefore, dysregulated expression/activation of inflammasomes is implicated in pathogenesis of diverse inflammatory disorders. Recent studies have demonstrated that inflammasomes play a vital role in regulating the development and progression of cancer. This review focuses on fate-determining roles of the inflammasomes and the principal downstream effector cytokine, IL-1β, in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hoon Jang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- grid.411203.50000 0001 0691 2332Department of Chemistry, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Li W, Qiu C, Wang S, Wu L, Zhao T. Inhibitory effect of glutathione S-transferase A3 in the progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:2287-2295. [PMID: 33089654 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common cutaneous malignancy with an incidence rate increasing each year. Glutathione S-transferase A3 (GSTA3), a member of the glutathione S-transferase family, is considered an antioxidative protease, but its role in cSCC remains unclear. AIM The present study was designed to explore the effect of GSTA3 on cSCC. PATIENTS/METHODS Through previous systematic studies, we screened GSTA3 to be a key gene with lower expression in cSCC. In the present study, we selected cSCC tissues and para-carcinoma tissue specimens from 20 patients in plastic surgery department. A431 cells were treated with GSTA3 transfection. The cell proliferation, apoptosis, colony formation, and cell migration as well as invasion were examined, respectively. And the expressions of GSTA3, TGF-β/Smad, and HIF-1α signalings were measured by Western blot and qRT-PCR. RESULTS GSTA3 was downregulated in both cSCC tissues and A431 cells. Additionally, overexpression of GSTA3 induced a phenotype with a lower degree of malignancy, while GSTA3 silencing induced more malignant phenotypes, including cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Moreover, we found that the TGF-β/Smad2/3 and HIF-1α signalings were activated in cSCC under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION GSTA3 could inhibit cSCC progression through suppression of the TGF-β/Smad and HIF-1α signalings. Therefore, GSTA3 may prove to be a prospective therapeutic target for cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianlan Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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17
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Akt3 induces oxidative stress and DNA damage by activating the NADPH oxidase via phosphorylation of p47 phox. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28806-28815. [PMID: 33139577 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017830117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Akt activation up-regulates the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting ROS scavenging. Of the Akt isoforms, Akt3 has also been shown to up-regulate ROS by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we employ a set of isogenic cell lines that express different Akt isoforms, to show that the most robust inducer of ROS is Akt3. As a result, Akt3-expressing cells activate the DNA damage response pathway, express high levels of p53 and its direct transcriptional target miR-34, and exhibit a proliferation defect, which is rescued by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. The importance of the DNA damage response in the inhibition of cell proliferation by Akt3 was confirmed by Akt3 overexpression in p53 -/- and INK4a -/-/Arf -/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), which failed to inhibit cell proliferation, despite the induction of high levels of ROS. The induction of ROS by Akt3 is due to the phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox, which results in NADPH oxidase activation. Expression of Akt3 in p47 phox-/- MEFs failed to induce ROS and to inhibit cell proliferation. Notably, the proliferation defect was rescued by wild-type p47phox, but not by the phosphorylation site mutant of p47phox In agreement with these observations, Akt3 up-regulates p53 in human cancer cell lines, and the expression of Akt3 positively correlates with the levels of p53 in a variety of human tumors. More important, Akt3 alterations correlate with a higher frequency of mutation of p53, suggesting that tumor cells may adapt to high levels of Akt3, by inactivating the DNA damage response.
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18
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Azimi A, Kaufman KL, Kim J, Ali M, Mann GJ, Fernandez-Penas P. Proteomics: An emerging approach for the diagnosis and classification of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and its precursors. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 99:9-16. [PMID: 32312638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and its precursors, actinic keratosis (AK) and Bowen's disease (BD), are the most common types of keratinocytic skin lesions (KSL) which account for the majority of non-melanoma skin cancer lethality. Currently, clinical and histopathological criteria are used for the diagnosis, classification and therapeutic intervention of KSLs, however discrepancies exist between the clinical presentations and histologic analyses of these lesions, making the diagnosis difficult. The identification of biomarkers as companion diagnostics for accurately stratifying KSL types is required to support the paradigm shift in current cancer care to personalised, precision medicine and ameliorate the negative impact of misdiagnoses or delayed diagnoses on patient outcome. Also, it is essential to elaborate on the poorly defined molecular modifications required for the initiation, development and progression of KSL from normal keratinocytes. By harnessing recent technological advances in molecular profiling techniques, it is anticipated that greater insight into the various combinations of proteomic events or alternative pathways underlying carcinogenesis will be gained. This review will explore recent genomic studies in KSL followed by assessing the feasibility and significance of mass spectrometry-based proteomics profiling as a promising approach to a better understanding of the oncogenic pathways underpinning the formation and progression of KSL lesions and in aiding the identification of novel biomarkers and new therapeutic targets. The development of non-invasive tools such as tape-stripping coupled with proteomic analysis alone or in conjunction with imaging and genomic technologies will complement existing clinical and histopathological parameters, leading to an improvement in patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azimi
- Centre for Translational Skin Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Kimberley L Kaufman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia; Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Jennifer Kim
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Marina Ali
- Centre for Translational Skin Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Graham J Mann
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Wollstonecraft, Australia
| | - Pablo Fernandez-Penas
- Centre for Translational Skin Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia.
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19
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Cangkrama M, Wietecha M, Mathis N, Okumura R, Ferrarese L, Al‐Nuaimi D, Antsiferova M, Dummer R, Innocenti M, Werner S. A paracrine activin A-mDia2 axis promotes squamous carcinogenesis via fibroblast reprogramming. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11466. [PMID: 32150356 PMCID: PMC7136968 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key regulators of tumorigenesis and promising targets for next-generation therapies. We discovered that cancer cell-derived activin A reprograms fibroblasts into pro-tumorigenic CAFs. Mechanistically, this occurs via Smad2-mediated transcriptional regulation of the formin mDia2, which directly promotes filopodia formation and cell migration. mDia2 also induces expression of CAF marker genes through prevention of p53 nuclear accumulation, resulting in the production of a pro-tumorigenic matrisome and secretome. The translational relevance of this finding is reflected by activin A overexpression in tumor cells and of mDia2 in the stroma of skin cancer and other malignancies and the correlation of high activin A/mDia2 levels with poor patient survival. Blockade of this signaling axis using inhibitors of activin, activin receptors, or mDia2 suppressed cancer cell malignancy and squamous carcinogenesis in 3D organotypic cultures, ex vivo, and in vivo, providing a rationale for pharmacological inhibition of activin A-mDia2 signaling in stratified cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cangkrama
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Molecular Health SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Mateusz Wietecha
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Molecular Health SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Nicolas Mathis
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Molecular Health SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Rin Okumura
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Molecular Health SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Luca Ferrarese
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Molecular Health SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Dunja Al‐Nuaimi
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Molecular Health SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Maria Antsiferova
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Molecular Health SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Present address:
Roche Glycart AGSchlierenSwitzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Metello Innocenti
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH)Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Molecular Health SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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20
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Clayton NS, Ridley AJ. Targeting Rho GTPase Signaling Networks in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:222. [PMID: 32309283 PMCID: PMC7145979 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As key regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics, Rho GTPases coordinate a wide range of cellular processes, including cell polarity, cell migration, and cell cycle progression. The adoption of a pro-migratory phenotype enables cancer cells to invade the stroma surrounding the primary tumor and move toward and enter blood or lymphatic vessels. Targeting these early events could reduce the progression to metastatic disease, the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Rho GTPases play a key role in the formation of dynamic actin-rich membrane protrusions and the turnover of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesions required for efficient cancer cell invasion. Here, we discuss the roles of Rho GTPases in cancer, their validation as therapeutic targets and the challenges of developing clinically viable Rho GTPase inhibitors. We review other therapeutic targets in the wider Rho GTPase signaling network and focus on the four best characterized effector families: p21-activated kinases (PAKs), Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCKs), atypical protein kinase Cs (aPKCs), and myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinases (MRCKs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S Clayton
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anne J Ridley
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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21
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Cheema SK, Isesele PO, Marchando S, Edwards MG, Torchia EC. The Suppression of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids Is Associated with Skin Carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2291-2294.e5. [PMID: 32240721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhinder K Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Peter O Isesele
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Sydney Marchando
- Department of Dermatology and Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Enrique C Torchia
- Department of Dermatology and Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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22
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Azimi A, Yang P, Ali M, Howard V, Mann GJ, Kaufman KL, Fernandez-Penas P. Data Independent Acquisition Proteomic Analysis Can Discriminate between Actinic Keratosis, Bowen’s Disease, and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:212-222.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Chovancova B, Liskova V, Miklikova S, Hudecova S, Babula P, Penesova A, Sevcikova A, Durinikova E, Novakova M, Matuskova M, Krizanova O. Calcium signaling affects migration and proliferation differently in individual cancer cells due to nifedipine treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 171:113695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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24
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Cytokine/chemokine profiles in squamous cell carcinoma correlate with precancerous and cancerous disease stage. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17754. [PMID: 31780824 PMCID: PMC6882799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinic Keratosis (AK), Intraepidermal Carcinoma (IEC), and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) are generally considered to be advancing stages of the same disease spectrum. However, while AK often regress spontaneously, and IEC often regress in response to immune-activating treatments, SCC typically do not regress. Therefore, it is vital to define whether fundamental immunological changes occur during progression to SCC. Here we show that proinflammatory cytokine expression, chemokine expression, and immune cell infiltration density change during progression to SCC. Our findings suggest a switch from predominantly proinflammatory cytokine production to chemokine production is a key feature of progression from precancer to cancer. Together, these observations propose a model that can underpin current research and open new avenues of exploration into the clinical significance of these profiles with respect to immunotherapeutic or other treatment outcomes.
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25
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Zhang J, Jiang H, Xu D, Wu WJ, Chen HD, He L. DNA-PKcs Mediates An Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Process Promoting Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Invasion And Metastasis By Targeting The TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9395-9405. [PMID: 31807020 PMCID: PMC6844265 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s205017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) has attracted extensive attention in various types of malignant tumors. However, the role of DNA-PKcs in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) development has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of DNA-PKcs in cSCC and the molecular mechanisms of TGF-β1-induced cSCC progression mediated by DNA-PKcs. Methods We performed bioinformatic analysis and RT-PCR to examine the DNA-PKcs expression level in cSCC. Then, we downregulated DNA-PKcs using a DNA-PK-specific inhibitor or small interfering RNA (siRNA) to explore the effects of DNA-PKcs on SCL-1 cell migration and invasion. To further investigate the mechanism by which DNA-PKcs promotes cSCC progression, TGF-β1 and the TGF-β receptor (TGF-βR) I/II dual inhibitor LY2109761 were used to examine whether DNA-PKcs participates in TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Results DNA-PKcs expression was upregulated in cSCC. DNA-PK inhibition or expression knockdown resulted in inhibited migration and invasion and altered epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression patterns in SCL-1 cells. Importantly, TGF-β1 mediated EMT induction in cSCC cells, and DNA-PKcs was identified as a TGF-β1-responsive gene. TGF-β1 promoted DNA-PKcs transcription, and DNA-PKcs enhanced the TGF-β1-induced EMT program involved in cSCC invasion and metastasis by phosphorylating Smad3. Conclusion This study is the first to show that DNA-PKcs mediates EMT to promote cSCC aggressiveness by targeting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, which provides insight into how DNA-PKcs impacts cSCC progression and identifies a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Juan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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26
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Sultana N, Rahman M, Myti S, Islam J, Mustafa MG, Nag K. A novel knowledge-derived data potentizing method revealed unique liver cancer-associated genetic variants. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:30. [PMID: 31272500 PMCID: PMC6610914 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been advancing the progress of detection of disease-associated genetic variants and genome-wide profiling of expressed sequences over the past decade. NGS enables the analyses of multiple regions of a genome in a single reaction format and has been shown to be a cost-effective and efficient tool for root-cause analysis of disease and optimization of treatment. NGS has been leading global efforts to device personalized and precision medicine (PM) in clinical practice. The effectiveness of NGS for the aforementioned applications has been proven unequivocal for multifactorial diseases like cancer. However, definitive prediction of cancer markers for all types of diseases and for global populations still remains highly rewarding because of the diversity of cancer types and genetic variants in human. Results We performed exome sequencing of four samples in quest of critical genetic factor/s associated with liver cancer. By imposing knowledge-based filter chains, we have revealed a panel of genetic variants, which are unrecognized by current major genomics data repositories. Total 20 MNV-induced, 5 INDEL-induced, and 31 SNV-induced neoplasm-exclusive genes were revealed through NGS data acquisition followed by data curing with the application of quality filter chains. Liver-specific expression profile of the identified gene pool is directed to the selection of 17 genes which could be the as likely causative genetic factors for liver cancer. Further study on expression level and relevant functional significance enables us to identify and conclude the following four novel variants, viz., c.416T>C (p.Phe139Ser) in SORD, c.1048_1049delGCinsCG (p.Ala350Arg) in KRT6A, c.1159G>T (p.Gly387Cys) in SVEP1, and c.430G>C (p.Gly144Arg) in MRPL38 as a critical genetic factor for liver cancer. Conclusion By applying a novel data prioritizing rationale, we explored a panel of previously unaddressed liver cancer-associated variants. These findings may have an opportunity for early prediction of neoplasm/cancer in liver and designing of relevant personalized/precision liver cancer therapeutics in clinical practice. Since NGS protocol is associated with tons of non-specific mutations due to the variation in background genetic makeup of subjects, therefore, our method of data curing could be applicable for more effective screening of global genetic variants related to disease onset, progression, and remission. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-019-0213-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naznin Sultana
- Globe Biotech Limited, Plot No # 3/KA, Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh.
| | - Mijanur Rahman
- Globe Biotech Limited, Plot No # 3/KA, Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Sanat Myti
- Globe Biotech Limited, Plot No # 3/KA, Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Jikrul Islam
- Globe Biotech Limited, Plot No # 3/KA, Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Md G Mustafa
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Kakon Nag
- Globe Biotech Limited, Plot No # 3/KA, Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh.
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27
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Sözmen M, Devrim AK, Sudağıdan M, Kabak YB, Beytut E, Özba B. Significance of Angiogenic Growth Factors in Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Comp Pathol 2019; 170:60-69. [PMID: 31375160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC) is the most common and economically significant neoplasm of the eye in cattle. This study investigated the role of angiogenic growth factors in the pathogenesis of BOSCC. Eighteen cases of BOSCC were classified histopathologically according to the degree of differentiation. Normal upper and lower eyelids and third eyelids collected from the right and left eyes of six healthy cattle aged 1-3 years, that had been presented for slaughter to abattoirs, served as controls. Transcription of genes encoding the angiogenic growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFR-α) was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in tissue obtained from paraffin wax blocks. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was utilized to detect intensity of expression and tissue distribution of these growth factors. IHC results revealed that bFGF and PDGF-C were elevated significantly (P >0.05) and VEGF-C expression was decreased in BOSCC compared with healthy control tissue. PDGR-α expression was elevated; however, the difference, compared with control tissues, was not significant. RT-PCR results showed an inverse relationship to the results of IHC; where protein levels were elevated their corresponding mRNA levels were decreased or vice-versa. Angiogenic regulators therefore appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of BOSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sözmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - A K Devrim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - M Sudağıdan
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, KIT-ARGEM R&D Center, Konya, Turkey
| | - Y B Kabak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - B Özba
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
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28
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Mahfouf W, Hosseini M, Muzotte E, Serrano-Sanchez M, Dousset L, Moisan F, Rachidi W, Taieb A, Rudolf J, Rezvani HR. Loss of Epidermal HIF-1α Blocks UVB-Induced Tumorigenesis by Affecting DNA Repair Capacity and Oxidative Stress. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2016-2028.e7. [PMID: 30878676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HIF-1α is constitutively expressed in mouse and human epidermis. It plays a crucial role in skin physiology, including the response of keratinocytes to UVR. However, little information is available about its role in photocarcinogenesis. Using a multistage model of UVB radiation-induced skin cancer, we show that the knockout of Hif-1α in the epidermis prevents tumorigenesis but at the same time triggers the formation of hyperkeratotic plaques. Our results indicate that the absence of oncogenic transformation in Hif-1α-ablated mice is related to increased DNA repair in keratinocytes, whereas the formation of hyperkeratotic plaques is caused by an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species. Indeed, impairing the DNA repair machinery by ablating xeroderma pigmentosum C restored the UVB-induced neoplastic transformation of Hif-1α-ablated keratinocytes, whereas the development of hyperkeratotic plaques was blocked by chronic antioxidant treatment. We conclude that HIF-1α plays a procarcinogenic role in UVB-induced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Mahfouf
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mohsen Hosseini
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Muzotte
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Martin Serrano-Sanchez
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lea Dousset
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Moisan
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Walid Rachidi
- Nucleic Acids Lesions Laboratory, Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique/Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Alain Taieb
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France; Département de Dermatologie & Dermatologie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France
| | - Jana Rudolf
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hamid Reza Rezvani
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques Inflammatoires et Cancers, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, France.
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29
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Dong Z, Jiang H, Liang S, Wang Y, Jiang W, Zhu C. Ribosomal Protein L15 is involved in Colon Carcinogenesis. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1132-1141. [PMID: 31523176 PMCID: PMC6743284 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.34386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal biogenesis is responsible for protein synthesis in all eukaryotic cells. Perturbation of ribosomal biogenesis processes can cause dysfunctions of protein synthesis and varieties of human diseases. In this study, we examine the role of RPL15, a large ribosomal subunit protein, in human colon carcinogenesis. Our results reveal that RPL15 is remarkably upregulated in human primary colon cancer tissues and cultured cell lines when compared with paired non-cancerous tissues and non-transformed epithelium cells. Elevated expression of RPL15 in colon cancer tissues is closely correlated with clinicopathological characteristics in patients. We determine the effects of RPL15 on nucleolar maintenance, ribosomal biogenesis and cell proliferation in human cells. We show that RPL15 is required for maintenance of nucleolar structure and formation of pre-60S subunits in the nucleoli. Depletion of RPL15 causes ribosomal stress, resulting in a G1-G1/S cell cycle arrest in non-transformed human epithelium cells, but apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Together, these results indicate that RPL15 is involved in human colon carcinogenesis and might be a potential clinical biomarker and/or target for colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Shuangshuang Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.,AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Changjun Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
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30
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Lukowski SW, Tuong ZK, Noske K, Senabouth A, Nguyen QH, Andersen SB, Soyer HP, Frazer IH, Powell JE. Detection of HPV E7 Transcription at Single-Cell Resolution in Epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2558-2567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Azimi A, Ali M, Kaufman KL, Mann GJ, Fernandez‐Penas P. Tape Stripped Stratum Corneum Samples Prove to be Suitable for Comprehensive Proteomic Investigation of Actinic Keratosis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 13:e1800084. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azimi
- Centre for Translational Skin ResearchThe University of Sydney Westmead New South Wales 2145 Australia
- Department of DermatologyWestmead Hospital Westmead New South Wales 2145 Australia
| | - Marina Ali
- Centre for Translational Skin ResearchThe University of Sydney Westmead New South Wales 2145 Australia
- Department of DermatologyWestmead Hospital Westmead New South Wales 2145 Australia
| | - Kimberley L. Kaufman
- School of Life and Environmental ScienceFaculty of ScienceThe University of Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- Brain and Mind CentreThe University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales 2050 Australia
| | - Graham J. Mann
- Centre for Cancer ResearchWestmead Institute for Medical ResearchThe University of Sydney Westmead New South Wales 2145 Australia
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of Sydney Wollstonecraft New South Wales 2065 Australia
| | - Pablo Fernandez‐Penas
- Centre for Translational Skin ResearchThe University of Sydney Westmead New South Wales 2145 Australia
- Department of DermatologyWestmead Hospital Westmead New South Wales 2145 Australia
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32
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Li X, Li Z, Han Z, Zhang L, Liu Z, Liu B. Gene Expression Patterns of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Actinic Keratosis: Biomarkers Screening for Skin Disease Diagnosis. Ann Dermatol 2018; 30:536-543. [PMID: 33911475 PMCID: PMC7992476 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2018.30.5.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Actinic keratosis (AK) was an intraepidermal tumor which caused by ultraviolet irradiation-induced skin damage. Objective The aim was to screen biomarkers for development of skin disease by comparing the gene expression profiles between cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and AK. Methods GSE45216 with 30 cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma patients and 10 actinic keratosis patients were downloaded and significance analysis of microarrays was processed to screen differently expressed genes (DEGs). Fisher's exact test was processed for DEGs enrichment. Pathway relationship network systematically reflected the signal conduction and synergism between enriched pathways based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Gene co-expression network was constructed according to gene expression data. Quantitative real-time-PCR was used to verify screened biomarkers. Results Total 410 DEGs were screened and enriched into various functions, such as signal transduction and negative regulation of apoptotic process. They also participated into cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and focal adhesion. The pathway relationship network was constructed with 27 nodes. Hub nodes with higher degree of this network were mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and apoptosis. The gene co-expression network was constructed with 39 nodes. Thereinto, hub node was ELOVL fatty acid elongase. The expression levels of ELOVL4 and HPGD were significantly higher in CSCC samples than that in AK samples, while the expression levels of INHBA and LAMC2 in CSCC samples were significantly lower than that in AK samples. Conclusion These screened genes, including ELOVL4, HPGD, INHBA and LAMC2, played important roles in transformation from AK to CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Zhao Han
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Baoguo Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
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33
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Inman GJ, Wang J, Nagano A, Alexandrov LB, Purdie KJ, Taylor RG, Sherwood V, Thomson J, Hogan S, Spender LC, South AP, Stratton M, Chelala C, Harwood CA, Proby CM, Leigh IM. The genomic landscape of cutaneous SCC reveals drivers and a novel azathioprine associated mutational signature. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3667. [PMID: 30202019 PMCID: PMC6131170 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has a high tumour mutational burden (50 mutations per megabase DNA pair). Here, we combine whole-exome analyses from 40 primary cSCC tumours, comprising 20 well-differentiated and 20 moderately/poorly differentiated tumours, with accompanying clinical data from a longitudinal study of immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients and integrate this analysis with independent gene expression studies. We identify commonly mutated genes, copy number changes and altered pathways and processes. Comparisons with tumour differentiation status suggest events which may drive disease progression. Mutational signature analysis reveals the presence of a novel signature (signature 32), whose incidence correlates with chronic exposure to the immunosuppressive drug azathioprine. Characterisation of a panel of 15 cSCC tumour-derived cell lines reveals that they accurately reflect the mutational signatures and genomic alterations of primary tumours and provide a valuable resource for the validation of tumour drivers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J Inman
- Division of Cancer Research, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Jun Wang
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Ai Nagano
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Bioengineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Karin J Purdie
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Richard G Taylor
- Division of Cancer Research, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Victoria Sherwood
- Division of Cancer Research, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Jason Thomson
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Sarah Hogan
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Lindsay C Spender
- Division of Cancer Research, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Andrew P South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Michael Stratton
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Claude Chelala
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Charlotte M Proby
- Division of Cancer Research, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Irene M Leigh
- Division of Cancer Research, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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Differential proteomic analysis of actinic keratosis, Bowen’s disease and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by label-free LC–MS/MS. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 91:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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35
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Joly F, Deret S, Gamboa B, Menigot C, Fogel P, Mounier C, Reiniche P, Sidou F, Aubert J, Lear J, Fryer AA, Zolezzi F, Voegel JJ. Photodynamic therapy corrects abnormal cancer-associated gene expression observed in actinic keratosis lesions and induces a remodeling effect in photodamaged skin. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 91:S0923-1811(17)30775-2. [PMID: 29779986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic keratoses (AK) are proliferations of neoplastic keratinocytes in the epidermis resulting from cumulative exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which are liable to transform into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Organ Transplant Recipients (OTR) have an increased risk of developing SCC as a consequence of long-term immunosuppressive therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular signature of AKs from OTR prior to treatment with methyl aminolevulinate-photodynamic therapy (MAL-PDT), and to assess what impact the treatment has on promoting remodeling of the photo-damaged skin. METHODS Seven patients were enrolled on a clinical trial to assess the effect of MAL-PDT with biopsies taken at screening prior to the first treatment session (week 1), and six weeks after completion of final treatment (week 18). Whole-genome gene expression analysis was carried out on skin biopsies isolated from an AK lesion, an area surrounding the lesion, and a non-sun exposed region of the body. Quantitative PCR was utilized to confirm the differential expression of key genes. RESULTS MAL-PDT treatment corrected abnormal proliferation-related gene profiles, corrected aberrantly expressed cancer-associated genes and induced expression of dermal extracellular matrix genes in photo-exposed skin. CONCLUSION The efficacy of the MAL-PDT on AK lesions was confirmed at whole-genome gene expression level. A transcriptional signature of remodeling, identified through assessing the effect of MAL-PDT on photodamaged skin, supports the use of MAL-PDT for treating photodamaged skin and field cancerized areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Deret
- GALDERMA R&D, 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Paul Fogel
- Independent Consultant, Paris 75006, France
| | | | | | | | | | - John Lear
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, MAHSC, Manchester University and Salford Royal NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony A Fryer
- Institute for Applied Clinical Sciences, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent Staffordshire, ST4 7QB, UK
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36
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Rybarski M, Schmitz L, Novak B, Dirschka T. Daylight photodynamic therapy for field cancerization: lessons from molecular biology. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2018; 153:806-810. [PMID: 29683291 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.18.06015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Actinic keratoses (AKs) represent in-situ squamous cell carcinomas that potentially invade subepidermal structures and may metastasize. Until now, it is unpredictable to determine which AK lesions show this aggressive behavior. As AKs usually occur in large sun exposed areas, field-directed treatments have become the standard treatment regimen. Among these, conventional photodynamic therapy (cPDT) with 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) or methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL) using red light is particularly effective in the treatment of AKs, but acceptance of the therapy is impaired by severe pain during treatment. Daylight PDT (dPDT) has demonstrated to be an equally effective alternative treatment option which is less painful. Recent attempts to determine the risk of AKs that demonstrate particular aggressive biological behavior by implementation of clinical and histological characteristics of AKs have not lead to conclusive results. Therefore, a look at the molecular biology of AKs could serve as a useful tool to develop a risk profiling for separation of those patients that are of particular risk to develop invasive tumor and, by this, to facilitate a more effective and adapted treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Rybarski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lutz Schmitz
- Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ben Novak
- Department of Animal Physiology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Dirschka
- CentroDerm GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany - .,Faculty of Health, University Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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Unbekandt M, Belshaw S, Bower J, Clarke M, Cordes J, Crighton D, Croft DR, Drysdale MJ, Garnett MJ, Gill K, Gray C, Greenhalgh DA, Hall JAM, Konczal J, Lilla S, McArthur D, McConnell P, McDonald L, McGarry L, McKinnon H, McMenemy C, Mezna M, Morrice NA, Munro J, Naylor G, Rath N, Schüttelkopf AW, Sime M, Olson MF. Discovery of Potent and Selective MRCK Inhibitors with Therapeutic Effect on Skin Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2096-2114. [PMID: 29382705 PMCID: PMC5901721 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The myotonic dystrophy-related Cdc42-binding kinases MRCKα and MRCKβ contribute to the regulation of actin-myosin cytoskeleton organization and dynamics, acting in concert with the Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2. The absence of highly potent and selective MRCK inhibitors has resulted in relatively little knowledge of the potential roles of these kinases in cancer. Here, we report the discovery of the azaindole compounds BDP8900 and BDP9066 as potent and selective MRCK inhibitors that reduce substrate phosphorylation, leading to morphologic changes in cancer cells along with inhibition of their motility and invasive character. In over 750 human cancer cell lines tested, BDP8900 and BDP9066 displayed consistent antiproliferative effects with greatest activity in hematologic cancer cells. Mass spectrometry identified MRCKα S1003 as an autophosphorylation site, enabling development of a phosphorylation-sensitive antibody tool to report on MRCKα status in tumor specimens. In a two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model of murine squamous cell carcinoma, topical treatments reduced MRCKα S1003 autophosphorylation and skin papilloma outgrowth. In parallel work, we validated a phospho-selective antibody with the capability to monitor drug pharmacodynamics. Taken together, our findings establish an important oncogenic role for MRCK in cancer, and they offer an initial preclinical proof of concept for MRCK inhibition as a valid therapeutic strategy.Significance: The development of selective small-molecule inhibitors of the Cdc42-binding MRCK kinases reveals their essential roles in cancer cell viability, migration, and invasive character. Cancer Res; 78(8); 2096-114. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Unbekandt
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Belshaw
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Bower
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Maeve Clarke
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Cordes
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Crighton
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Croft
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Drysdale
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew J Garnett
- Translational Cancer Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Gill
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Gray
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David A Greenhalgh
- Section of Dermatology and Molecular Carcinogenesis, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James A M Hall
- Translational Cancer Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Konczal
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan McArthur
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia McConnell
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laura McDonald
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn McGarry
- Screening Facility, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Heather McKinnon
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Carol McMenemy
- Section of Dermatology and Molecular Carcinogenesis, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mokdad Mezna
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas A Morrice
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - June Munro
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Naylor
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Rath
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mairi Sime
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F Olson
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Rodríguez-Paredes M, Bormann F, Raddatz G, Gutekunst J, Lucena-Porcel C, Köhler F, Wurzer E, Schmidt K, Gallinat S, Wenck H, Röwert-Huber J, Denisova E, Feuerbach L, Park J, Brors B, Herpel E, Nindl I, Hofmann TG, Winnefeld M, Lyko F. Methylation profiling identifies two subclasses of squamous cell carcinoma related to distinct cells of origin. Nat Commun 2018; 9:577. [PMID: 29422656 PMCID: PMC5805678 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer and usually progresses from a UV-induced precancerous lesion termed actinic keratosis (AK). Despite various efforts to characterize these lesions molecularly, the etiology of AK and its progression to cSCC remain partially understood. Here, we use Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChips to interrogate the DNA methylation status in healthy, AK and cSCC epidermis samples. Importantly, we show that AK methylation patterns already display classical features of cancer methylomes and are highly similar to cSCC profiles. Further analysis identifies typical features of stem cell methylomes, such as reduced DNA methylation age, non-CpG methylation, and stem cell-related keratin and enhancer methylation patterns. Interestingly, this signature is detected only in half of the samples, while the other half shows patterns more closely related to healthy epidermis. These findings suggest the existence of two subclasses of AK and cSCC emerging from distinct keratinocyte differentiation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rodríguez-Paredes
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Bormann
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Raddatz
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Gutekunst
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlota Lucena-Porcel
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Köhler
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Schmidt
- Research & Development, Beiersdorf AG, 20253, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gallinat
- Research & Development, Beiersdorf AG, 20253, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Wenck
- Research & Development, Beiersdorf AG, 20253, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Röwert-Huber
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charité, University Hospital, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evgeniya Denisova
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Feuerbach
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeongbin Park
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Nindl
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charité, University Hospital, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas G Hofmann
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Winnefeld
- Research & Development, Beiersdorf AG, 20253, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Lyko
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Expression profiling analysis of autophagy-related genes in perineural invasion of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:4837-4848. [PMID: 29552123 PMCID: PMC5840673 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the potential autophagy-related genes and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (cSCCHN) by bioinformatics analysis. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) series GSE86544 was downloaded from the GEO database. The primary data was generated from cSCCHN with clinical perineural invasion (PNI) and cSCCHN without PNI, and was further analyzed in order to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The results revealed 239 autophagy-related DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed and intersected to investigate the predicted functions of the key DEGs, including hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1A), mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and B-cell lymphoma 2 like 1 (BCL2L1). Up and downregulated genes shared one pathway, namely ‘pathways in cancer’. Next, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the autophagy-related DEGs was constructed using Cytoscape 3.30 software. HIF1A, MAPK8, mTOR and BCL2L1 were key nodes in the PPI network. Additionally, RAB23 gene expression was positively correlated with HIF1A, MAPK8 and ADP ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein 1 (ARFGAP1), but negatively correlated with mTOR and BCL2L1. The present results suggested that the genes HIF1A, MAPK8, mTOR, BCL2L1 and RAB23 may be associated with and serve as potential therapeutic targets in cSCCHN with clinical PNI.
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Wei W, Chen Y, Xu J, Zhou Y, Bai X, Yang M, Zhu J. Identification of Biomarker for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Microarray Data Analysis. J Cancer 2018; 9:400-406. [PMID: 29344286 PMCID: PMC5771347 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is one of the most malignant tumors worldwide. We aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of this CSCC and screen feature genes that can function as the biomarker of CSCC and thus provide a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis research and development of medicine. The method of microarray data analysis was used in this study to explore the differentially expressed genes between tissues of normal specimens and tissues of patients with CSCC. Besides, functional enrichment analysis and signal pathway were performed on these genes to screen the feature genes that are closely associated with CSCC can function as the potential biomarkers of CSCC.A total of 53 samples from two datasets, GSE45216 and GSE45164, were used in the differentially expressed analysis. And as a result, a total of 833 genes were screened out, including 465 up-regulated genes and 215 down-regulated genes. Candidate genes, including up-regulated genes like S100A12, MMP1, DEFB4B/DEFB4A, KRT16 and PI3, and down-regulated genes like EGR3, LRP4, C14orf132, PAMR1, CCL27, and KRT2 were screened out. All these genes were testified in the dataset of GSE66359. The result showed that only three genes, KRT16, PI3 and EGR3, were mostly differentially expressed and only EGR3 had the same expression pattern with both datasets, GSE45216 and GSE45164.Of note, EGR3 gene was found to be the most differentially expressed gene in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, which had the potential to function as the candidate genes and help in the diagnosis and prognostic treatments of CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Oncology Department, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinping Bai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Central hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Central hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ju Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Central hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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41
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Zheng LQ, Wang R, Chi SM, Li CX. Matrix metalloproteinase 1: a better biomarker for squamous cell carcinoma by multiple microarray analyses. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2017; 154:327-337. [PMID: 29249121 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.17.05770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to validate MMP1 role in the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by bioinformatics methods. METHODS Gene expression data of 10 GSE series (5 HNSCCs and 5 cSCCs) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RESULTS Higher expression of MMP1 was found rank number one in 9/10 GSE series of SCC. MMP1 was mainly focused on Gene Ontology (GO) terms of collagen catabolic process, extracellular matrix disassembly. The analysis results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways mainly involved Rheumatoid arthritis, Bladder cancer and Pathways in cancer. Also, MMP1 was identified as a hub protein in the PPI network by using Cytoscape software. In addition, others MMPs members of family were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that MMP1 may be pivotal to the transition from normal skin to premalignant lesions to SCC, thus representing a potential therapeutic target gene of diagnosis and prevention in SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Dermatology, the 251st Hospital of Chinese PLA, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Min Chi
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China -
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Dong X, Han Y, Sun Z, Xu J. Actin Gamma 1, a new skin cancer pathogenic gene, identified by the biological feature‐based classification. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1406-1419. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinqian Dong
- Pathology DepartmentLiaocheng People's HospitalLiaochengChina
| | - Yingsheng Han
- Dermatology DepartmentLiaocheng People's HospitalLiaochengChina
| | - Zhen Sun
- Gastroenterology DepartmentLiaocheng People's HospitalLiaochengChina
| | - Junlong Xu
- Pathology DepartmentLiaocheng People's HospitalLiaochengChina
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43
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Antsiferova M, Piwko-Czuchra A, Cangkrama M, Wietecha M, Sahin D, Birkner K, Amann VC, Levesque M, Hohl D, Dummer R, Werner S. Activin promotes skin carcinogenesis by attraction and reprogramming of macrophages. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:27-45. [PMID: 27932444 PMCID: PMC5210090 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin has emerged as an important player in different types of cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We show here that activin overexpression is an early event in murine and human skin tumorigenesis. This is functionally important, since activin promoted skin tumorigenesis in mice induced by the human papillomavirus 8 oncogenes. This was accompanied by depletion of epidermal γδ T cells and accumulation of regulatory T cells. Most importantly, activin increased the number of skin macrophages via attraction of blood monocytes, which was prevented by depletion of CCR2‐positive monocytes. Gene expression profiling of macrophages from pre‐tumorigenic skin and bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that activin induces a gene expression pattern in skin macrophages that resembles the phenotype of tumor‐associated macrophages in different malignancies, thereby promoting angiogenesis, cell migration and proteolysis. The functional relevance of this finding was demonstrated by antibody‐mediated depletion of macrophages, which strongly suppressed activin‐induced skin tumor formation. These results demonstrate that activin induces skin carcinogenesis via attraction and reprogramming of macrophages and identify novel activin targets involved in tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antsiferova
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Cangkrama
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mateusz Wietecha
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dilara Sahin
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Birkner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie C Amann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Hohl
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor-Binding Protein 1 in Skin Carcinogenesis and Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:179-188. [PMID: 28864076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-binding protein 1 (FGFBP1) is a secreted chaperone that mobilizes paracrine-acting FGFs, stored in the extracellular matrix, and presents them to their cognate receptors. FGFBP1 enhances FGF signaling including angiogenesis during cancer progression and is upregulated in various cancers. Here we evaluated the contribution of endogenous FGFBP1 to a wide range of organ functions as well as to skin pathologies using Fgfbp1-knockout mice. Relative to wild-type littermates, knockout mice showed no gross pathologies. Still, in knockout mice a significant thickening of the epidermis associated with a decreased transepidermal water loss and increased proinflammatory gene expression in the skin was detected. Also, skin carcinogen challenge by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate resulted in delayed and reduced papillomatosis in knockout mice. This was paralleled by delayed healing of skin wounds and reduced angiogenic sprouting in subcutaneous matrigel plugs. Heterozygous green fluorescent protein (GFP)-knock-in mice revealed rapid induction of gene expression during papilloma induction and during wound healing. Examination of wild-type skin grafted onto Fgfbp1 GFP-knock-in reporter hosts and bone marrow transplants from the GFP-reporter model into wild-type hosts revealed that circulating Fgfbp1-expressing cells migrate into healing wounds. We conclude that tissue-resident and circulating Fgfbp1-expressing cells modulate skin carcinogenesis and inflammation.
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45
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Arenberger P, Arenbergerova M. New and current preventive treatment options in actinic keratosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31 Suppl 5:13-17. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Arenberger
- Department of Dermatovenereology; Charles University Third Faculty of Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - M. Arenbergerova
- Department of Dermatovenereology; Charles University Third Faculty of Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
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D'Arcangelo D, Tinaburri L, Dellambra E. The Role of p16 INK4a Pathway in Human Epidermal Stem Cell Self-Renewal, Aging and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071591. [PMID: 28737694 PMCID: PMC5536078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermis is a self-renewing tissue. The balance between proliferation and differentiation processes is tightly regulated to ensure the maintenance of the stem cell (SC) population in the epidermis during life. Aging and cancer may be considered related endpoints of accumulating damages within epidermal self-renewing compartment. p16INK4a is a potent inhibitor of the G1/S-phase transition of the cell cycle. p16INK4a governs the processes of SC self-renewal in several tissues and its deregulation may result in aging or tumor development. Keratinocytes are equipped with several epigenetic enzymes and transcription factors that shape the gene expression signatures of different epidermal layers and allow dynamic and coordinated expression changes to finely balance keratinocyte self-renewal and differentiation. These factors converge their activity in the basal layer to repress p16INK4a expression, protecting cells from senescence, and preserving epidermal homeostasis and regeneration. Several stress stimuli may activate p16INK4a expression that orchestrates cell cycle exit and senescence response. In the present review, we discuss the role of p16INK4a regulators in human epidermal SC self-renewal, aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D'Arcangelo
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IDI-IRCCS), Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti (FLMM), via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lavinia Tinaburri
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IDI-IRCCS), Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti (FLMM), via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Dellambra
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IDI-IRCCS), Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti (FLMM), via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy.
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47
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Dany M. Sphingosine metabolism as a therapeutic target in cutaneous melanoma. Transl Res 2017; 185:1-12. [PMID: 28528915 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is by far the most aggressive type of skin cancer with a poor prognosis in its advanced stages. Understanding the mechanisms involved in melanoma pathogenesis, response, and resistance to treatment has gained a lot of attention worldwide. Recently, the role of sphingolipid metabolism has been studied in cutaneous melanoma. Sphingolipids are bioactive lipid effector molecules involved in the regulation of various cellular signaling pathways such as inflammation, cancer cell proliferation, death, senescence, and metastasis. Recent studies suggest that sphingolipid metabolism impacts melanoma pathogenesis and is a potential therapeutic target. This review focuses on defining the role of sphingolipid metabolism in melanoma carcinogenesis, discussing sphingolipid-based therapeutic approaches, and highlighting the areas that require more extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Dany
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
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48
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Deivendran S, Marzook H, Santhoshkumar TR, Kumar R, Pillai MR. Metastasis-associated protein 1 is an upstream regulator of DNMT3a and stimulator of insulin-growth factor binding protein-3 in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44225. [PMID: 28393842 PMCID: PMC5385551 DOI: 10.1038/srep44225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a recognized role of DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) in human cancer, the nature of its upstream regulator(s) and relationship with the master chromatin remodeling factor MTA1, continues to be poorly understood. Here, we found an inverse relationship between the levels of MTA1 and DNMT3a in human cancer and that high levels of MTA1 in combination of low DNMT3a status correlates well with poor survival of breast cancer patients. We discovered that MTA1 represses DNMT3a expression via HDAC1/YY1 transcription factor complex. Because IGFBP3 is an established target of DNMT3a, we investigated the effect of MTA1 upon IGFBP3 expression, and found a coactivator role of MTA1/c-Jun/Pol II coactivator complex upon the IGFBP3 transcription. In addition, MTA1 overexpression correlates well with low levels of DNMT3a which, in turn also correlates with a high IGFBP3 status in breast cancer patients and predicts a poor clinical outcome for breast cancer patients. These findings suggest that MTA1 could regulate the expression of IGFBP3 in both DNMT3a-dependent and -independent manner. Together findings presented here recognize an inherent role of MTA1 as a modifier of DNMT3a and IGFBP3 expression, and consequently, the role of MTA1-DNMT3a-IGFBP3 axis in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Deivendran
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | - Hezlin Marzook
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | - T. R. Santhoshkumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - M. Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
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Azimi A, Kaufman KL, Ali M, Kossard S, Fernandez-Penas P. In Silico Analysis Validates Proteomic Findings of Formalin-fixed Paraffin Embedded Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissue. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2017; 13:453-465. [PMID: 27807068 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common type of skin cancer but there are no comprehensive proteomic studies on this entity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cSCC material to study the tumor and normal skin tissue proteomes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to interpret the role of altered proteins in cSCC pathophysiology. Results were validated using the Human Protein Atlas and Oncomine database in silico. RESULTS Of 1,310 unique proteins identified, expression of an average of 144 and 88 proteins were significantly (p<0.05) increased and decreased, respectively, in the tumor samples compared to their normal counterparts. IPA analysis revealed disruptions in proteins associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. In silico analysis confirmed that proteins corresponding to 12 antibodies, and genes corresponding to 18 proteins were differentially expressed between the two categories, validating our proteomic measurements. CONCLUSION Label-free MS-based proteomics is useful for analyzing FFPE cSCC tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azimi
- Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberley L Kaufman
- School of Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Marina Ali
- Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven Kossard
- Dermatopathology, Skin and Cancer Foundation Australia, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo Fernandez-Penas
- Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Peruzzo R, Biasutto L, Szabò I, Leanza L. Impact of intracellular ion channels on cancer development and progression. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2016; 45:685-707. [PMID: 27289382 PMCID: PMC5045486 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer research is nowadays focused on the identification of possible new targets in order to try to develop new drugs for curing untreatable tumors. Ion channels have emerged as "oncogenic" proteins, since they have an aberrant expression in cancers compared to normal tissues and contribute to several hallmarks of cancer, such as metabolic re-programming, limitless proliferative potential, apoptosis-resistance, stimulation of neo-angiogenesis as well as cell migration and invasiveness. In recent years, not only the plasma membrane but also intracellular channels and transporters have arisen as oncological targets and were proposed to be associated with tumorigenesis. Therefore, the research is currently focusing on understanding the possible role of intracellular ion channels in cancer development and progression on one hand and, on the other, on developing new possible drugs able to modulate the expression and/or activity of these channels. In a few cases, the efficacy of channel-targeting drugs in reducing tumors has already been demonstrated in vivo in preclinical mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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