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Liu N, Zhu S, Deng Y, Xie M, Zhao M, Sun T, Yu C, Zhong Y, Guo R, Cheng K, Chang D, Zhu P. Construction of multifunctional hydrogel with metal-polyphenol capsules for infected full-thickness skin wound healing. Bioact Mater 2022; 24:69-80. [PMID: 36582352 PMCID: PMC9772805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Damaged skin cannot prevent harmful bacteria from invading tissues, causing infected wounds or even severe tissue damage. In this study, we developed a controlled-release antibacterial composite hydrogel system that can promote wound angiogenesis and inhibit inflammation by sustained releasing Cu-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (Cu-EGCG) nano-capsules. The prepared SilMA/HAMA/Cu-EGCG hydrogel showed an obvious inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). It could also promote the proliferation and migration of L929 fibroblasts. In vivo full-thickness infected wound healing experiments confirmed the angiogenesis and inflammation regulating effect. Accelerate collagen deposition and wound healing speed were also observed in the SilMA/HAMA/Cu-EGCG hydrogel treated group. The findings of this study show the great potential of this controlled-release antibacterial composite hydrogel in the application of chronic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanbo Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Shuoji Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China,University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8666, Japan,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Yuzhi Deng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China,Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Tucheng Sun
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Centre for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Keluo Cheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Dehua Chang
- University of Tokyo Hospital Department of Cell Therapy in Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8666, Japan,Corresponding author.
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China,Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China,Corresponding author. Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China.
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Jiang N, Su Z, Yuan Q, Lv L, Sang X, Chen R, Feng Y, Chen Q. Dihydroartemisinin beneficially regulates splenic immune cell heterogeneity through the SOD3-JNK-AP-1 axis. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1636-1654. [PMID: 35226255 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory potential of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has recently been highlighted; however, the potential mechanism remains to be clarified. Single-cell RNA sequencing was explored in combination with cellular and biochemical approaches to elucidate the immunomodulatory mechanisms of DHA. In this study, we found that DHA induced both spleen enlargement and rearrangement of splenic immune cell subsets in mice. It was revealed that DHA promoted the reversible expansion of effective regulatory T cells and interferon-γ+ cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the spleen via induction of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) expression and increased phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and its downstream activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors. Further, SOD3 knockout mice were resistant to the regulatory effect of DHA. Thus, DHA, through the activation of the SOD3-JNK-AP-1 axis, beneficially regulated immune cell heterogeneity and splenic immune cell homeostasis to treat autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Qilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ziwei Su
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Qijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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3
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Expression and function of FRA1 protein in tumors. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:737-752. [PMID: 31612408 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AP-1 is a dimeric complex that is composed of JUN, FOS, ATF and MAF protein families. FOS-related antigen 1 (FRA1) which encoded by FOSL1 gene, belongs to the FOS protein family, and mainly forms an AP-1 complex with the protein of the JUN family to exert an effect. Regulation of FRA1 occurs at levels of transcription and post-translational modification, and phosphorylation is the major post-translational modification. FRA1 is mainly regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway and is degraded by ubiquitin-independent proteasomes. FRA1 can affect biological functions, such as tumor proliferation, differentiation, invasion and apoptosis. Studies have demonstrated that FRA1 is abnormally expressed in many tumors and plays a relevant role, but the specific condition varies from the target organs. FRA1 is overexpressed in breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, thyroid cancer and other tumors. However, the expression of FRA1 is decreased in cervical cancer, and the expression of FRA1 in ovarian cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma is still controversial. In this review, we present a detailed description of the regulatory factors and functions of FRA1, also, the expression of FRA1 in various tumors and its function in relative tumor.
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Gao XQ, Ge YS, Shu QH, Ma HX. Expression of Fra-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma and its prognostic significance. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317709635. [PMID: 28653890 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317709635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the clinical significance and prognostic value of Fra-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative resection. Fra-1 expression was investigated using a combination of techniques: immunohistochemistry for 66 samples of hepatocellular carcinoma and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assays for 19 matched hepatocellular carcinoma specimens. Fra-1 was present in 38 of 66 (57.6%) tumor tissues, with intense staining in the nuclei. There was also positive staining in 14 of 66 (21.2%) adjacent peritumoral tissues, with weak staining in the cytoplasm. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assays confirmed higher expression of Fra-1 messenger RNA and Fra-1 protein in tumor tissues than adjacent non-tumor tissues for 19 hepatocellular carcinoma samples (p < 0.001). Positive expression of Fra-1 was significantly related to vascular invasion and serum alpha-fetoprotein. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis found that overexpressed Fra-1 was correlated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. Multivariate analysis identified Fra-1 as an independent prognostic factor. Fra-1 may be involved in the progress of hepatocellular carcinoma and could be a promising molecular candidate in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Gao
- 1 Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Ge
- 1 Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Hua Shu
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Second People's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua-Xing Ma
- 3 Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
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5
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Cho H, Matsumoto S, Fujita Y, Kuroda A, Menju T, Sonobe M, Kondo N, Torii I, Nakano T, Lara PN, Gandara DR, Date H, Hasegawa S. Trametinib plus 4-Methylumbelliferone Exhibits Antitumor Effects by ERK Blockade and CD44 Downregulation and Affects PD-1 and PD-L1 in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 12:477-490. [PMID: 27867002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive malignancy in which the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of tumorigenesis. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix, and elevated HA levels with a concurrent increase in malignant properties are associated with MPM. METHODS We evaluated the effects of trametinib, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor, and 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), an HA synthesis inhibitor, alone and in combination on MPM cells in vitro and in vivo. We studied the effects of trametinib, 4-MU, and their combination on MPM cells by using cell viability assays, Western blot analysis, and a mouse xenograft model. RESULTS Trametinib and 4-MU exhibited antiproliferative activity in MPM cells. Trametinib blocked MEK-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and decreased CD44 expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Trametinib inhibited the expression of Fra-1 (the activator protein 1 [AP1] component), inhibited ERK phosphorylation, and decreased CD44 expression. 4-MU inhibited ERK phosphorylation but not CD44 expression. In a mouse xenograft model, trametinib and 4-MU alone suppressed tumor growth compared with a control. The combination had a greater inhibitory effect than either monotherapy. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that trametinib treatment alone significantly reduced expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1. Furthermore, the combination of trametinib and 4-MU resulted in higher expression of programmed cell death 1 and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 than did the 4-MU treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that trametinib and 4-MU are promising therapeutic agents in MPM and that further study of the combination is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Cho
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Seiji Matsumoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
| | - Yoshiko Fujita
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kuroda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Toshi Menju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Sonobe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kondo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Ikuko Torii
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Primo N Lara
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - David R Gandara
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiki Hasegawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Zhang N, Shen Q, Zhang P. miR-497 suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in colorectal cancer cells by targeting fos-related antigen-1. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6597-6604. [PMID: 27822064 PMCID: PMC5087769 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s114609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs have key roles in tumor metastasis. The acquisition of metastatic capability by cancer cells is associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we describe the role and molecular mechanism of miR-497 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell EMT, migration, and invasion. Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays were performed to detect the expression levels of miR-497 and Fos-related antigen-1 (Fra-1) in the CRC cells. HCT116 and SW480 cells with miR-497 overexpression or Fra-1 low expression were constructed by lipofection. Target prediction and luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate whether Fra-1 is one of the targets of miR-497. Western blot and Transwell assays were performed to detect the effects of miR-497 and Fra-1 on CRC cell EMT, migration and invasion. Results We searched the miRanda, TargetScan, and PicTar databases and found that Fra-1, a key driver of CRC metastasis, is a potential target of miR-497. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis verified downregulation of miR-497 and upregulation of Fra-1 in CRC cells. Western blot and Transwell assays showed that overexpression of miR-497 suppresses CRC cell EMT, migration, and invasion. Luciferase gene reporter assay revealed that Fra-1 is a downstream target of miR-497 as miR-497 bound directly to the 3′ untranslated region of Fra-1 messenger RNA. An inverse correlation was also found between miR-497 and Fra-1 in HCT116 and SW480 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of Fra-1 recuperated the effects of miR-497 overexpression. Conclusion miR-497 suppresses CRC cell EMT, migration, and invasion partly by targeting Fra-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Quan Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Rau LR, Tsao SW, Liaw JW, Tsai SW. Selective Targeting and Restrictive Damage for Nonspecific Cells by Pulsed Laser-Activated Hyaluronan-Gold Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2514-21. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lih-Rou Rau
- Graduate
Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Tsao
- Graduate
Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Woei Liaw
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Center
for Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Institute
for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Center
for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wen Tsai
- Graduate
Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Center
for Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
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Benedetti S, Nuvoli B, Catalani S, Galati R. Reactive oxygen species a double-edged sword for mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16848-65. [PMID: 26078352 PMCID: PMC4627278 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that oxidative stress can lead to chronic inflammation which, in turn, could mediate most chronic diseases including cancer. Oxidants have been implicated in the activity of crocidolite and amosite, the most powerful types of asbestos associated to the occurrence of mesothelioma. Currently rates of mesothelioma are rising and estimates indicate that the incidence of mesothelioma will peak within the next 10-15 years in the western world, while in Japan the peak is predicted not to occur until 40 years from now. Although the use of asbestos has been banned in many countries around the world, production of and the potentially hazardous exposure to asbestos is still present with locally high incidences of mesothelioma. Today a new man-made material, carbon nanotubes, has arisen as a concern; carbon nanotubes may display 'asbestos-like' pathogenicity with mesothelioma induction potential. Carbon nanotubes resulted in the greatest reactive oxygen species generation. How oxidative stress activates inflammatory pathways leading to the transformation of a normal cell to a tumor cell, to tumor cell survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and radioresistance, is the aim of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Benedetti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Barbara Nuvoli
- Molecular Medicine Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Catalani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Rossella Galati
- Molecular Medicine Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Iskit S, Schlicker A, Wessels L, Peeper DS. Fra-1 is a key driver of colon cancer metastasis and a Fra-1 classifier predicts disease-free survival. Oncotarget 2015; 6:43146-61. [PMID: 26646695 PMCID: PMC4791222 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fra-1 (Fos-related antigen-1) is a member of the AP-1 (activator protein-1) family of transcription factors. We previously showed that Fra-1 is necessary for breast cancer cells to metastasize in vivo, and that a classifier comprising genes that are expressed in a Fra-1-dependent fashion can predict breast cancer outcome. Here, we show that Fra-1 plays an important role also in colon cancer progression. Whereas Fra-1 depletion does not affect 2D proliferation of human colon cancer cells, it impairs growth in soft agar and in suspension. Consistently, subcutaneous tumors formed by Fra-1-depleted colon cancer cells are three times smaller than those produced by control cells. Most remarkably, when injected intravenously, Fra-1 depletion causes a 200-fold reduction in tumor burden. Moreover, a Fra-1 classifier generated by comparing RNA profiles of parental and Fra-1-depleted colon cancer cells can predict the prognosis of colon cancer patients. Functional pathway analysis revealed Wnt as one of the central pathways in the classifier, suggesting a possible mechanism of Fra-1 function in colon cancer metastasis. Our results demonstrate that Fra-1 is an important determinant of the metastatic potential of human colon cancer cells, and that the Fra-1 classifier can be used as a prognostic predictor in colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedef Iskit
- Department of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schlicker
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk Wessels
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel S. Peeper
- Department of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Exemestane blocks mesothelioma growth through downregulation of cAMP, pCREB and CD44 implicating new treatment option in patients affected by this disease. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:69. [PMID: 24655565 PMCID: PMC3976636 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence suggests that aromatase may be involved in the pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma. Here, we evaluated the effect of exemestane, an inhibitor of aromatase, in the treatment of mesothelioma using in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. Results We show a significant reduction of cell proliferation, survival, migration and block of cells in S phase of cell cycle in mesothelioma cells upon exemestane treatment. Moreover, we find that CD44, which is involved in mesothelioma cells migration, was modulated by exemestane via cAMP and pCREB. Most importantly, in mice mesothelioma xenograft exemestane causes a significant decrease in tumor size and the association pemetrexed/exemestane is more effective than pemetrexed/cisplatin. Conclusion The preclinical mesothelioma model suggests that exemestane might be beneficial in mesothelioma treatment.
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11
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Xiao S, Zhou Y, Jiang J, Yuan L, Xue M. CD44 affects the expression level of FOS‑like antigen 1 in cervical cancer tissues. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1667-74. [PMID: 24604526 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma is the second most prevalent type of malignancy in females worldwide. The crucial etiological factors involved in the development of cervical carcinoma include infection with the papillomavirus, and the structural or functional mutation of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. CD44 refers to a multifunctional family of type I transmembrane proteins. These proteins have been implicated in numerous biological processes, including cell adhesion, cell migration and metastasis. The present study examined the differences in the expression levels of ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2, CD24, CD44, CD133, cytokeratin (CK) 14 and CK19 between cervical cancer tissues and corresponding normal non-tumor tissues by flow cytometry. Then, the CD44+ or CD44‑ cells from cervical cancer tissues were sorted for identification and confirmation of differential expression by flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that the expression level of CD44 in cervical cancer tissues was higher than in the corresponding non-tumor normal tissues (t=3.12; P=0.0102). Compared with the CD44‑ cells, the FOS-like antigen 1 (Fra-1), nestin, nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2, OCT4 and p63 genes were highly expressed in CD44+ cells. The fold changes were 3.55, 3.55, 2.46, 2.87 and 2.56, respectively (P<0.05). However, BMI1 polycomb ring finger oncogene, ck5, tumor protein p53 and lactotransferrin genes exhibited low expression levels in CD44+ cells. It was verified by western blot analysis and flow cytometry that Fra-1 was highly expressed in CD44+ cells. Fra-1 was a potential target of miR-19a and miR-19b. The expression of miR-19a and miR-19b was downregulated by ~50% in CD44+ cells compared with CD44‑ cells. These findings suggested that CD44 dysregulated the activation of the Fra‑1 gene. The interaction of Fra-1 and CD44 may therefore be important in cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songshu Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Jianfa Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Le Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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12
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Mossman BT, Shukla A, Heintz NH, Verschraegen CF, Thomas A, Hassan R. New insights into understanding the mechanisms, pathogenesis, and management of malignant mesotheliomas. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:1065-77. [PMID: 23395095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a relatively rare but devastating tumor that is increasing worldwide. Yet, because of difficulties in early diagnosis and resistance to conventional therapies, MM remains a challenge for pathologists and clinicians to treat. In recent years, much has been revealed regarding the mechanisms of interactions of pathogenic fibers with mesothelial cells, crucial signaling pathways, and genetic and epigenetic events that may occur during the pathogenesis of these unusual, pleiomorphic tumors. These observations support a scenario whereby mesothelial cells undergo a series of chronic injury, inflammation, and proliferation in the long latency period of MM development that may be perpetuated by durable fibers, the tumor microenvironment, and inflammatory stimuli. One culprit in sustained inflammation is the activated inflammasome, a component of macrophages or mesothelial cells that leads to production of chemotactic, growth-promoting, and angiogenic cytokines. This information has been vital to designing novel therapeutic approaches for patients with MM that focus on immunotherapy, targeting growth factor receptors and pathways, overcoming resistance to apoptosis, and modifying epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke T Mossman
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0068, USA.
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13
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Motrich RD, Castro GM, Caputto BL. Old players with a newly defined function: Fra-1 and c-Fos support growth of human malignant breast tumors by activating membrane biogenesis at the cytoplasm. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53211. [PMID: 23301044 PMCID: PMC3534677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A shared characteristic of tumor cells is their exacerbated growth. Consequently, tumor cells demand high rates of phospholipid synthesis required for membrane biogenesis to support their growth. c-Fos, in addition to its AP-1 transcription factor activity, is the only protein known up to date that is capable of activating lipid synthesis in normal and brain tumor tissue. For this latter activity, c-Fos associates to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through its N-terminal domain and activates phospholipid synthesis, an event that requires it Basic Domain (BD) (aa 139–159). Fra-1, another member of the FOS family of proteins, is over-expressed in human breast cancer cells and its BD is highly homologous to that of c-Fos with two conservative substitutions in its basic amino acids. Consequently, herein we examined if Fra-1 and/or c-Fos participate in growth of breast cancer cells by activating phospholipid synthesis as found previously for c-Fos in brain tumors. We found both Fra-1 and c-Fos over-expressed in >95% of human ductal breast carcinoma biopsies examined contrasting with the very low or undetectable levels in normal tissue. Furthermore, both proteins associate to the ER and activate phospholipid synthesis in cultured MCF7 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells and in human breast cancer samples. Stripping tumor membranes of Fra-1 and c-Fos prior to assaying their lipid synthesis capacity in vitro results in non-activated lipid synthesis levels that are restored to their initial activated state by addition of Fra-1 and/or c-Fos to the assays. In MDA-MB231 cells primed to proliferate, blocking Fra-1 and c-Fos with neutralizing antibodies blocks lipid-synthesis activation and cells do not proliferate. Taken together, these results disclose the cytoplasmic activity of Fra-1 and c-Fos as potential targets for controlling growth of breast carcinomas by decreasing the rate of membrane biogenesis required for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben D. Motrich
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-The National Scientific and Technical Research Council), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo M. Castro
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-The National Scientific and Technical Research Council), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Beatriz L. Caputto
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-The National Scientific and Technical Research Council), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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14
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Cell specific CD44 expression in breast cancer requires the interaction of AP-1 and NFκB with a novel cis-element. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50867. [PMID: 23226410 PMCID: PMC3511339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers contain a heterogeneous population of cells with a small percentage that possess properties similar to those found in stem cells. One of the widely accepted markers of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is the cell surface marker CD44. As a glycoprotein, CD44 is involved in many cellular processes including cell adhesion, migration and proliferation, making it pro-oncogenic by nature. CD44 expression is highly up-regulated in BCSCs, and has been implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, the genetic mechanism that leads to a high level of CD44 expression in breast cancer cells and BCSCs is not well understood. Here, we identify a novel cis-element of the CD44 directs gene expression in breast cancer cells in a cell type specific manner. We have further identified key trans-acting factor binding sites and nuclear factors AP-1 and NFκB that are involved in the regulation of cell-specific CD44 expression. These findings provide new insight into the complex regulatory mechanism of CD44 expression, which may help identify more effective therapeutic targets against the breast cancer stem cells and metastatic tumors.
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15
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Han B, Rorke EA, Adhikary G, Chew YC, Xu W, Eckert RL. Suppression of AP1 transcription factor function in keratinocyte suppresses differentiation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36941. [PMID: 22649503 PMCID: PMC3359321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study shows that inhibiting activator protein one (AP1) transcription factor function in murine epidermis, using dominant-negative c-jun (TAM67), increases cell proliferation and delays differentiation. To understand the mechanism of action, we compare TAM67 impact in mouse epidermis and in cultured normal human keratinocytes. We show that TAM67 localizes in the nucleus where it forms TAM67 homodimers that competitively interact with AP1 transcription factor DNA binding sites to reduce endogenous jun and fos factor binding. Involucrin is a marker of keratinocyte differentiation that is expressed in the suprabasal epidermis and this expression requires AP1 factor interaction at the AP1-5 site in the promoter. TAM67 interacts competitively at this site to reduce involucrin expression. TAM67 also reduces endogenous c-jun, junB and junD mRNA and protein level. Studies with c-jun promoter suggest that this is due to reduced transcription of the c-jun gene. We propose that TAM67 suppresses keratinocyte differentiation by interfering with endogenous AP1 factor binding to regulator elements in differentiation-associated target genes, and by reducing endogenous c-jun factor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshe Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ellen A. Rorke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yap Ching Chew
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard L. Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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16
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Das A, Li Q, Laws MJ, Kaya H, Bagchi MK, Bagchi IC. Estrogen-induced expression of Fos-related antigen 1 (FRA-1) regulates uterine stromal differentiation and remodeling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:19622-30. [PMID: 22514284 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.297663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerted actions of estrogen and progesterone via their cognate receptors orchestrate changes in the uterine tissue, regulating implantation during early pregnancy. The uterine stromal cells undergo steroid-dependent differentiation into morphologically and functionally distinct decidual cells, which support embryonic growth and survival. The hormone-regulated pathways underlying this unique cellular transformation are not fully understood. Previous studies in the mouse revealed that, following embryo attachment, de novo synthesis of estrogen by the decidual cells is critical for stromal differentiation. In this study we report that Fos-related antigen 1 (FRA-1), a member of the Fos family of transcription factors, is a downstream target of regulation by intrauterine estrogen. FRA-1 expression was localized in the differentiating uterine stromal cells surrounding the implanted embryo. Attenuation of estrogen receptor α (Esr1) expression by siRNA mediated silencing in primary uterine stromal cells suppressed FRA-1 expression. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated direct recruitment of ESR1 to an estrogen response element in the Fra-1 promoter. Down-regulation of Fra-1 expression during in vitro decidualization blocked stromal differentiation and resulted in a marked decrease in stromal cell migration. Interestingly, FRA-1 controls the expression of matrix metalloproteinases MMP9 and MMP13, which are critical modulators of stromal extracellular matrix remodeling. Collectively, these results suggest that FRA-1, induced in response to estrogen signaling via ESR1, is a key regulator of stromal differentiation and remodeling during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Das
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illlinois 61802, USA
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17
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Sabo-Attwood T, Ramos-Nino ME, Eugenia-Ariza M, Macpherson MB, Butnor KJ, Vacek PC, McGee SP, Clark JC, Steele C, Mossman BT. Osteopontin modulates inflammation, mucin production, and gene expression signatures after inhalation of asbestos in a murine model of fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:1975-85. [PMID: 21514415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and lung remodeling are hallmarks of asbestos-induced fibrosis, but the molecular mechanisms that control these events are unclear. Using laser capture microdissection (LCM) of distal bronchioles in a murine asbestos inhalation model, we show that osteopontin (OPN) is up-regulated by bronchiolar epithelial cells after chrysotile asbestos exposures. In contrast to OPN wild-type mice (OPN(+/+)) inhaling asbestos, OPN null mice (OPN(-/-)) exposed to asbestos showed less eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, diminished lung inflammation, and decreased mucin production. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12 subunit p40, MIP1α, MIP1β, and eotaxin) also were significantly less in asbestos-exposed OPN(-/-) mice. Microarrays performed on lung tissues from asbestos-exposed OPN(+/+) and OPN(-/-) mice showed that OPN modulated the expression of a number of genes (Col1a2, Timp1, Tnc, Eln, and Col3a1) linked to fibrosis via initiation and cross talk between IL-1β and epidermal growth factor receptor-related signaling pathways. Novel targets of OPN identified include genes involved in cell signaling, immune system/defense, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cell cycle regulation. Although it is unclear whether the present findings are specific to chrysotile asbestos or would be observed after inhalation of other fibers in general, these results highlight new potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets for asbestosis and other diseases (asthma, smoking-related interstitial lung diseases) linked to OPN overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and NanoCenter, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean A Fennell
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Fra-1 protooncogene regulates IL-6 expression in macrophages and promotes the generation of M2d macrophages. Cell Res 2010; 20:701-12. [PMID: 20386569 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2010.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a prominent role in the growth of tumor cells. As the major inflammatory component of the TME, M2d macrophages are educated by the TME such that they adopt an immunosuppressive role that promotes tumor metastasis and progression. Fra-1 forms activator protein-1 heterodimers with Jun partners and drives gene transcription. Fra-1 is thought to drastically induce tumorigenesis and progression. However, the functional role of Fra-1 in the generation of M2d macrophages is poorly understood to date. Here, we demonstrate that 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells, when co-cultured with RAW264.7 macrophage cells, skew the RAW264.7 macrophage cell differentiation into M2d macrophages. The 4T1 cells stimulate de novo overexpression of Fra-1 in RAW264.7 cells, and then Fra-1 binds to the interleukin 6 (IL-6) promoter to increase the production of the cytokine IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells. IL-6 acts in an autocrine fashion to skew RAW264.7 macrophage cell differentiation into M2d macrophages. These findings open new insights into how to reverse M2d macrophage-induced immune tolerance to improve the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches.
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20
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Heintz NH, Janssen-Heininger YMW, Mossman BT. Asbestos, lung cancers, and mesotheliomas: from molecular approaches to targeting tumor survival pathways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2010; 42:133-9. [PMID: 20068227 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0206tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifteen years have passed since we published findings in the AJRCMB demonstrating that induction of early response fos/jun proto-oncogenes in rodent tracheal and mesothelial cells correlates with fibrous geometry and pathogenicity of asbestos. Our study was the first to suggest that the aberrant induction of signaling responses by crocidolite asbestos and erionite, a fibrous zeolite mineral associated with the development of malignant mesotheliomas (MMs) in areas of Turkey, led to altered gene expression. New data questioned the widely held belief at that time that the carcinogenic effects of asbestos in the development of lung cancer and MM were due to genotoxic or mutagenic effects. Later studies by our group revealed that proto-oncogene expression and several of the signaling pathways activated by asbestos were redox dependent, explaining why antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes were elevated in lung and pleura after exposure to asbestos and how they alleviated many of the phenotypic and functional effects of asbestos in vitro or after inhalation. Since these original studies, our efforts have expanded to understand the interface between asbestos-induced redox-dependent signal transduction cascades, the relationship between these pathways and cell fate, and the role of asbestos and cell interactions in development of asbestos-associated diseases. Of considerable significance is the fact that the signal transduction pathways activated by asbestos are also important in survival and chemoresistance of MMs and lung cancers. An understanding of the pathogenic features of asbestos fibers and dysregulation of signaling pathways allows strategies for the prevention and therapy of asbestos-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H Heintz
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405-0068, USA
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Das KC, Muniyappa H. c-Jun-NH2 terminal kinase (JNK)-mediates AP-1 activation by thioredoxin: phosphorylation of cJun, JunB, and Fra-1. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 337:53-63. [PMID: 19859790 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is a small ubiquitous protein, which has been shown to be involved in redox-dependent cellular functions. In this article, we demonstrate that the increased level of Trx induces AP-1 DNA binding in a redox-dependent manner by activating JNK subgroup of MAPKs. The majority of AP-1 DNA binding complex was found to be composed of cJun, JunB, and Fra-1. Increased expression of Trx resulted in phosphorylation of cJun, Jun B, and Fra-1. Further, increased expression of Trx induced the phosphorylation of MKK4 and MKK7 which are upstream kinases of the JNK signaling cascade. In co-transfection studies, AP-1-dependent luciferase reporter vector and pcDNA3-Trx increased luciferase activity demonstrating that increased expression of Trx increases AP-1 transactivation. In addition, dominant-negative JNK kinase (dnJNK/MKK4) or dominant-negative JNK (dnJNK) inhibited Trx-mediated AP-1 transactivation, as well as AP-1 DNA binding. Furthermore, transfection of kinase-dead MEKK1, an initiating kinase of the JNK pathway inhibited Trx-mediated AP-1 transactivation and DNA binding, suggesting that MEKK1 may mediate Trx-induced AP-1 activation. In contrast, wild-type MEKK1 overexpression did not inhibit Trx-mediated AP-1 activation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that increased expression of Trx induces MKK4/MKK7-dependent JNK activation, resulting in enhanced DNA binding, and transactivation of AP-1 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumuda C Das
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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