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Zhao N, Ni C, Zhang D, Che N, Li Y, Wang X. Identification of a vascular invasion-related signature based on lncRNA pairs for predicting prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:33. [PMID: 38221614 PMCID: PMC10788995 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-03118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most signatures are constructed on the basis of RNA or protein expression levels. The value of vascular invasion-related signatures based on lncRNA pairs, regardless of their specific expression level in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is not yet clear. METHODS Vascular invasion-related differentially expressed lncRNA (DElncRNA) pairs were identified with a two-lncRNA combination strategy by using a novel modeling algorithm. Based on the optimal cutoff value of the ROC curve, patients with HCC were classified into high- and low-risk subgroups. We used KM survival analysis to evaluate the overall survival rate of patients in the high- and low-risk subgroups. The independent indicators of survival were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. RESULTS Five pairs of vascular invasion-related DElncRNAs were selected to develop a predictive model for HCC. High-risk subgroups were closely associated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics and genes, chemotherapeutic sensitivity, and highly expressed immune checkpoint inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS We identified a signature composed of 5 pairs of vascular invasion-related lncRNAs that does not require absolute expression levels of lncRNAs and shows promising clinical predictive value for HCC prognosis. This predictive model provides deep insight into the value of vascular invasion-related lncRNAs in prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Chunsheng Ni
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Danfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Na Che
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yanlei Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
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2
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Li X, Li X, Chen L, Deng Y, Zheng Z, Ming Y. Tabersonine Induces the Apoptosis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma In vitro and In vivo. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:764-772. [PMID: 38465429 PMCID: PMC11327752 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206286612240303172230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tabersonine, a natural indole alkaloid derived from Apocynaceae plants, exhibits antiinflammatory and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities, among other pharmacological effects. However, its anti-tumor properties and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain underexplored. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the anti-tumor effects of tabersonine and its mechanisms in inducing apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS The inhibitory effects of tabersonine on the viability and proliferation of liver cancer cells were evaluated using MTT assay and colony formation assay. AO/EB, Hoechst, and Annexin V-FITC/ PI staining techniques were employed to observe cell damage and apoptosis. JC-1 staining was used to detect changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot analysis was conducted to study the anti-tumor mechanism of tabersonine on liver cancer cells. Additionally, a xenograft model using mice hepatoma HepG2 cells was established to assess the anti-tumor potency of tabersonine in vivo. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Our findings revealed that tabersonine significantly inhibited cell viability and proliferation, inducing apoptosis in liver cancer cells. Treatment with tabersonine inhibited Akt phosphorylation, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, promoted cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytoplasm, and increased the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2. These findings suggested that tabersonine induces apoptosis in liver cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway. Furthermore, tabersonine treatment activated the death receptor pathway of apoptosis. In vivo studies demonstrated that tabersonine significantly inhibited xenograft tumor growth. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to demonstrate that tabersonine induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells through both mitochondrial and death receptor apoptotic pathways, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent candidate for hepatic cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Mice
- Indole Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Indole Alkaloids/chemistry
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Molecular Structure
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Hep G2 Cells
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Xudan Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of new target drugs (Xiamen University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Lianghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Physiology and Biochemistry of Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, 361006, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Physiology and Biochemistry of Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, 361006, China
| | - Zhizhong Zheng
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Fuzhou Institute of Technology, Fuzhou, 350506, China
| | - Yanlin Ming
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Physiology and Biochemistry of Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, 361006, China
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3
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Tse RTH, Zhao H, Wong CYP, Kong AWY, Chan RCK, To KF, Ng CF, Teoh JYC. In vitro assessment of intra-operative and post-operative environment in reducing bladder cancer recurrence. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22. [PMID: 34997063 PMCID: PMC8741939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer is a common cancer worldwide. Currently, the modality of treating and monitoring bladder cancer is wide. Nonetheless, the high recurrence rate of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after surgical resection is still unsatisfactory. Hereby, our study demonstrated whether the intra-operative and post-operative environments will affect bladder cancer recurrence utilizing in vitro cell line model. Bladder cancer cell lines were submerged in four different irrigating fluids for assessing their tumorigenic properties. Our results showed that sterile water performed the best in terms of the magnitude of cytotoxicity to cell lines. Besides, we also investigated cytotoxic effects of the four irrigating agents as well as mitomycin C (MMC) in normothermic and hyperthermic conditions. We observed that sterile water and MMC had an increased cytotoxic effect to bladder cancer cell lines in hyperthermic conditions. Altogether, our results could be translated into clinical practice in the future by manipulating the intra-operative and post-operative conditions in order to lower the chance of residual cancer cells reimplant onto the bladder, which in turns, reducing the recurrence rate of bladder cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Tsz-Hei Tse
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F LCW Clinical Sciences Building, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongda Zhao
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F LCW Clinical Sciences Building, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christine Yim-Ping Wong
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F LCW Clinical Sciences Building, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angel Wing-Yan Kong
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F LCW Clinical Sciences Building, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald Cheong-Kin Chan
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F LCW Clinical Sciences Building, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F LCW Clinical Sciences Building, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China ,European Association of Urology-Young Academic Urologists (EAU-YAU) Urothelial Cancer Working Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Brooks T, Wayne J, Massey AJ. Chk1 inhibition induces a DNA damage bystander effect in cocultured tumour cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 101:103099. [PMID: 33740539 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of Chk1 kinase, a key effector of the DNA damage response pathway, are currently undergoing Phase 1 and 2 clinical trials as single agents and in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Understanding the biological effects of Chk1 inhibitors on cancer cells is critical for their continued clinical development. Treatment of adherent HT29 or HCC1937 cancer cells or suspension Jurkat or THP1 cells with a Chk1 inhibitor increased γH2AX in these cells. Chk1i pre-treated HCC1937 or HT29 cells resulted in γH2AX induction in cocultured Jurkat or THP1 cells despite these cells never being treated with a Chk1i. Pre-treatment of HT29 cells with camptothecin or gemcitabine followed by a Chk1i increased the DNA damage bystander effect in naïve cocultured THP1 cells compared to camptothecin or gemcitabine alone. This bystander effect appeared to occur through soluble factors via ATR, ATM, and DNA-PKcs activation in the bystander cells. Chk1 silencing by siRNA in HCC1937 or HT29 cells induced a DNA damage bystander effect in cocultured THP1 cells. However, this bystander effect induced by siRNA appeared mechanistically different to that induced by the Chk1 inhibitor. This work suggests that a Chk1 inhibitor-induced bystander effect may increase the clinical effectiveness of Chk1 inhibitors by inducing additional DNA damage or replication stress in cancer cells not directly exposed to the inhibitor. Conversely, it may also contribute to Chk1 inhibitor toxicity by increasing DNA damage in non-tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Brooks
- Vernalis (R&D) Ltd, Granta Park, Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6GB, UK
| | - Joanne Wayne
- Vernalis (R&D) Ltd, Granta Park, Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6GB, UK
| | - Andrew J Massey
- Vernalis (R&D) Ltd, Granta Park, Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6GB, UK.
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5
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Ma Y, Xu R, Liu X, Zhang Y, Song L, Cai S, Zhou S, Xie Y, Li A, Cao W, Tang X. LY3214996 relieves acquired resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1456-1464. [PMID: 33628103 PMCID: PMC7893555 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sorafenib, an oral multi-kinase inhibitor of rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2/3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, c-Kit, and Flt-3 signaling, is approved for treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the benefit of sorafenib is often diminished because of acquired resistance through the reactivation of ERK signaling in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. In this work, we investigated whether adding LY3214996, a selective ERK1/2 inhibitor, to sorafenib would increase the anti-tumor effectiveness of sorafenib to HCC cells. Methods: The Huh7 cell line was used as a cell model for treatment with sorafenib, LY3214996, and their combination. Phosphorylation of the key kinases in the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways, protein expression of the cell cycle, and apoptosis migration were assessed with western blot. MTT and colony-formation assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation. Wound-healing assay was used to assess cell migration. Cell cycle and apoptosis analyses were conducted with flow cytometry. Results: LY3214996 decreased phosphorylation of the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways, including p-c-Raf, p-P90RSK, p-S6K and p-eIF4EBP1 activated by sorafenib, despite increased p-ERK1/2 levels. LY3214996 increased the anti-proliferation, anti-migration, cell-cycle progression, and pro-apoptotic effects of sorafenib on Huh7R cells. Conclusions: Reactivation of ERK1/2 appears to be a molecular mechanism of acquired resistance of HCC to sorafenib. LY3214996 combined with sorafenib enhanced the anti-tumor effects of sorafenib in HCC. These findings form a theoretical basis for trial of LY3214996 combined with sorafenib as second-line treatment of sorafenib-resistant in advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Ma
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Ruyue Xu
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Yinci Zhang
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Li Song
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Shuyu Cai
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Shuping Zhou
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yinghai Xie
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Amin Li
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Weiya Cao
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, 241003, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, 241003, China
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6
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Matsiaka OM, Baker RE, Shah ET, Simpson MJ. Mechanistic and experimental models of cell migration reveal the importance of cell-to-cell pushing in cell invasion. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab1b01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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7
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Samuel P, Mulcahy LA, Furlong F, McCarthy HO, Brooks SA, Fabbri M, Pink RC, Carter DRF. Cisplatin induces the release of extracellular vesicles from ovarian cancer cells that can induce invasiveness and drug resistance in bystander cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2017.0065. [PMID: 29158318 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has a poor overall survival that is partly caused by resistance to drugs such as cisplatin. Resistance can be acquired as a result of changes to the tumour or due to altered interactions within the tumour microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), small lipid-bound vesicles that are loaded with macromolecular cargo and released by cells, are emerging as mediators of communication in the tumour microenvironment. We previously showed that EVs mediate the bystander effect, a phenomenon in which stressed cells can communicate with neighbouring naive cells leading to various effects including DNA damage; however, the role of EVs released following cisplatin treatment has not been tested. Here we show that treatment of cells with cisplatin led to the release of EVs that could induce invasion and increased resistance when taken up by bystander cells. This coincided with changes in p38 and JNK signalling, suggesting that these pathways may be involved in mediating the effects. We also show that EV uptake inhibitors could prevent this EV-mediated adaptive response and thus sensitize cells in vitro to the effects of cisplatin. Our results suggest that preventing pro-tumourigenic EV cross-talk during chemotherapy is a potential therapeutic target for improving outcome in ovarian cancer patients.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Extracellular vesicles and the tumour microenvironment'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Samuel
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Laura Ann Mulcahy
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Fiona Furlong
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Susan Ann Brooks
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California-Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Ryan Charles Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - David Raul Francisco Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
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8
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Wang P, Kankala RK, Fan J, Long R, Liu Y, Wang S. Poly-L-ornithine/fucoidan-coated calcium carbonate microparticles by layer-by-layer self-assembly technique for cancer theranostics. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:68. [PMID: 29748879 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technology has attracted the enormous interest of researchers in synthesizing various pharmaceutical dosage forms. Herewith, we designed a biocompatible drug delivery system containing the calcium carbonate microparticles (CaCO3 MPs) that coated with the alternatively charged polyelectrolytes, i.e., poly-L-ornithine (PLO)/fucoidan by LbL self-assembly process (LbL MPs). Upon coating with the polyelectrolytes, the mean particle size of MPs obtained from SEM observations increased from 1.91 to 2.03 μm, and the surface of LbL MPs was smoothened compared to naked CaCO3 MPs. In addition, the reversible zeta potential changes have confirmed the accomplishment of layer upon a layer assembly. To evaluate the efficiency of cancer therapeutics, we loaded doxorubicin (Dox) in the LbL MPs, which resulted in high (69.7%) drug encapsulation efficiency. The controlled release of Dox resulted in the significant antiproliferative efficiency in breast cancer cell line (MCF-7 cells), demonstrating the potential of applying this innovative drug delivery system in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jingqian Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ruimin Long
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yuangang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Shibin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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9
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Kumari R, Sahu MK, Tripathy A, Uthansingh K, Behera M. Hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: hurdles, advances and prospects. Hepat Oncol 2018; 5:HEP08. [PMID: 31293776 PMCID: PMC6613045 DOI: 10.2217/hep-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality and is particularly refractory to the available chemotherapeutic drugs. Among various etiologies of HCC, viral etiology is the most common, and, along with alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, accounts for almost 90% of all HCC cases. HCC is a heterogeneous tumor associated with multiple signaling pathway alterations and its complex patho-physiology has made the treatment decision challenging. The potential curative treatment options are effective only in small group of patients, while palliative treatments are associated with improved survival and quality of life for intermediate/advanced stage HCC patients. This review article focuses on the currently available treatment strategies and hurdles encountered for HCC therapy. The curative treatment options discussed are surgical resection, liver transplantation, and local ablative therapies which are effective for early stage HCC patients. The palliative treatment options discussed are embolizing therapies, systemic therapies, and molecular targeted therapies. Besides, the review also focuses on hurdles to be conquered for successful treatment of HCC and specifies the future prospects for HCC treatment. It also discusses the multi-modal approach for HCC management which maximizes the chances of better clinical outcome after treatment and identifies that selection of a particular treatment regimen based on patients' disease stage, patients' ages, and other underlying factors will certainly lead to a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Kumari
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Sahu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Kanishka Uthansingh
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manas Behera
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
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10
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Samuel P, Fabbri M, Carter DRF. Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Cancer: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 28941129 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a major barrier to the successful treatment of cancer. The mechanisms by which therapeutic resistance arises are multifactorial. Recent evidence has shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in mediating drug resistance. EVs are small vesicles carrying a variety of macromolecular cargo released by cells into the extracellular space and can be taken up into recipient cells, resulting in transfer of cellular material. EVs can mediate drug resistance by several mechanisms. They can serve as a pathway for sequestration of cytotoxic drugs, reducing the effective concentration at target sites. They can act as decoys carrying membrane proteins and capturing monoclonal antibodies intended to target receptors at the cell surface. EVs from resistant tumor cells can deliver mRNA, miRNA, long noncoding RNA, and protein inducing resistance in sensitive cells. This provides a new model for how resistance that arises can then spread through a heterogeneous tumor. EVs also mediate cross-talk between cancer cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, leading to tumor progression and acquisition of therapeutic resistance. In this review, we will describe what is known about how EVs can induce drug resistance, and discuss the ways in which EVs could be used as therapeutic targets or diagnostic markers for managing cancer treatment. While further characterization of the vesiculome and the mechanisms of EV function are still required, EVs offer an exciting opportunity in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Samuel
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Molecular Immunology University of Southern California-Keck School of Medicine Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Raul Francisco Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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11
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Significance and nature of bystander responses induced by various agents. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:104-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alsmman AH, Radwan G, Abozaid MA, Mohammed UA, Abd Elhaleim NG. Preoperative subconjunctival combined injection of bevacizumab and mitomycin C before the surgical excision of primary pterygium: clinical and histological results. Clin Ophthalmol 2017; 11:493-501. [PMID: 28331283 PMCID: PMC5354544 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s127700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to detect the clinical and histological effects of preoperative subconjunctival injection of both bevacizumab and mitomycin C (MMC) 1 month before the surgical excision of primary pterygium using a bare sclera technique. Patients and methods A total of 20 patients with primary pterygium underwent subconjunctival combined injection of 0.1 mL of MMC (0.1 mg/mL) and 0.1 mL of bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.1 mL) 1 month before bare sclera excision of the pterygium. The excised pterygium tissues were examined histologically and immunohistologically by CD31 staining, and the patients were followed up clinically for at least 2 years. The excised pterygia of two patients without preoperative injection were used for histological comparison. Results Clinically, there were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. No recurrence was noted during the follow-up period. Histologically, the previously injected pterygia showed a decreased number of epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts. The latter were rounded or oval and swollen rather than spindle shaped, and some were degenerating or apoptotic. Collagen and elastic fibers were degenerated, distorted, and decreased in density, while blood capillaries were obliterated. There was a significant decrease in CD31-positive cells in previously injected pterygia. Conclusion Preoperative subpterygium combined injection of bevacizumab and MMC is safe and effective in reducing the postoperative recurrence of primary pterygium. Histological and immunohistological changes in the form of decreased fibrovascular activity and degeneration of the extracellular matrix and nerve axons were noted.
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Temelie M, Stroe D, Petcu I, Mustaciosu C, Moisoi N, Savu D. Bystander effects and compartmental stress response to X-ray irradiation in L929 cells. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:371-379. [PMID: 27025606 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-016-0649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bystander effects are indirect consequences of radiation and many other stress factors. They occur in cells that are not directly exposed to these factors, but receive signals from affected cells either by gap junctions or by molecules released in the medium. Characterizing these effects and deciphering the underlying mechanisms involved in radiation-induced bystander effects are relevant for cancer radiotherapy and radioprotection. At doses of X-ray radiation 0.5 and 1 Gy, we detected bystander effects as increased numbers of micronuclei shortly after the treatment, through medium transfer and by co-cultures. Interestingly, bystander cells did not exhibit long-term adverse changes in viability. Evaluation of several compartmental stress markers (CHOP, BiP, mtHsp60, cytHsp70) by qRT-PCR did not reveal expression changes at transcriptional level. We investigated the involvement of ROS and NO in this process by addition of specific scavengers of these molecules, DMSO or c-PTIO in the transferred medium. This approach proved that ROS but not NO is involved in the induction of lesions in the acceptor cells. These results indicate that L929 cells are susceptible to stress effects of radiation-induced bystander signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Temelie
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului St., P.O. BOX MG-6, Magurele, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Stroe
- The Oncologic Radiotherapy Clinic, The Coltea Bucharest Hospital, No. 1-3, I. C. Bratianu Boulevard, District 3, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Petcu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului St., P.O. BOX MG-6, Magurele, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mustaciosu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului St., P.O. BOX MG-6, Magurele, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Moisoi
- Neuroscience Psychology and Behaviour Department, University of Leicester, Maurice Shock Building, University Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leicester School of Pharmacy, The Gateway, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Diana Savu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului St., P.O. BOX MG-6, Magurele, Bucharest, Romania.
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Singh SV, Ajay AK, Mohammad N, Malvi P, Chaube B, Meena AS, Bhat MK. Proteasomal inhibition sensitizes cervical cancer cells to mitomycin C-induced bystander effect: the role of tumor microenvironment. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1934. [PMID: 26492368 PMCID: PMC4632313 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inaccessibility of drugs to poorly vascularized strata of tumor is one of the limiting factors in cancer therapy. With the advent of bystander effect (BE), it is possible to perpetuate the cellular damage from drug-exposed cells to the unexposed ones. However, the role of infiltrating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), an integral part of the tumor microenvironment, in further intensifying BE remains obscure. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of mitomycin C (MMC), a chemotherapeutic drug, to induce BE in cervical carcinoma. By using cervical cancer cells and differentiated macrophages, we demonstrate that MMC induces the expression of FasL via upregulation of PPARγ in both cell types (effector cells) in vitro, but it failed to induce bystander killing in cervical cancer cells. This effect was primarily owing to the proteasomal degradation of death receptors in the cervical cancer cells. Pre-treatment of cervical cancer cells with MG132, a proteasomal inhibitor, facilitates MMC-mediated bystander killing in co-culture and condition medium transfer experiments. In NOD/SCID mice bearing xenografted HeLa tumors administered with the combination of MMC and MG132, tumor progression was significantly reduced in comparison with those treated with either agent alone. FasL expression was increased in TAMs, and the enhanced level of Fas was observed in these tumor sections, thereby causing increased apoptosis. These findings suggest that restoration of death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway in tumor cells with concomitant activation of TAMs could effectively restrict tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - A K Ajay
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - N Mohammad
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - P Malvi
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - B Chaube
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - A S Meena
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - M K Bhat
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
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Long T, Li Z. Bare sclera resection followed by mitomycin C and/or autograft limbus conjunctiva in the surgery for pterygium: a Meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8:1067-73. [PMID: 26558227 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.05.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the recurrence and complications after bare sclera resection (BSR) combined with mitomycin C (MMC) treatment and/or autograft limbus conjunctiva (ALC) in the surgery for pterygium. METHODS Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the differences in patient outcomes between BSR of pterygium with or without MMC and/or ALC. All included studies were randomized trials of patients with pterygium who received BSR followed by MMC and/or ALC in the surgery. The recurrence of pterygium and other complications resulting from different treatments were extracted for analysis. RESULTS Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The recurrence of pterygium with intraoperative (IO) MMC was higher than that with ALC (OR=2.38, 95% confidence interval 1.45-3.91, I (2)=29%). Postoperative MMC resulted in an incidence of recurrence similar to that of ALC (OR=0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.30-1.42, I (2)=0%), and IO MMC treatment in combination with ALC produced similar patient outcomes to ALC alone (OR=0.41, 95% confidence interval 0.16-1.01, I (2)=16%). Other complications such as punctate epitheliopathy, scleral thinning and ischemia, irritation and persistent epithelium defect, were more common in patients in the MMC group as compared to those treated with ALC. CONCLUSION The recurrence of pterygium with BSR followed by ALC is lower than that of BSR followed by MMC, and the incidence of other complications is lower. While ALC is a more effective strategy for treating pterygium, the quality of the ALC transplant should be considered when the patient has a history of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Long
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei Province, China
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Mohammad N, Singh SV, Malvi P, Chaube B, Athavale D, Vanuopadath M, Nair SS, Nair B, Bhat MK. Strategy to enhance efficacy of doxorubicin in solid tumor cells by methyl-β-cyclodextrin: Involvement of p53 and Fas receptor ligand complex. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11853. [PMID: 26149967 PMCID: PMC4493576 DOI: 10.1038/srep11853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the preferred drugs for treating breast and liver cancers. However, its clinical application is limited due to severe side effects and the accompanying drug resistance. In this context, we investigated the effect on therapeutic efficacy of DOX by cholesterol depleting agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD), and explored the involvement of p53. MCD sensitizes MCF-7 and Hepa1–6 cells to DOX, Combination of MCD and marginal dose of DOX reduces the cell viability, and promoted apoptosis through induction of pro-apoptotic protein, Bax, activation of caspase-8 and caspase-7, down regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and finally promoting PARP cleavage. Mechanistically, sensitization to DOX by MCD was due to the induction of FasR/FasL pathway through p53 activation. Furthermore, inhibition of p53 by pharmacological inhibitor pifithrin-α (PFT-α) or its specific siRNA attenuated p53 function and down-regulated FasR/FasL, thereby preventing cell death. Animal experiments were performed using C57BL/6J mouse isografted with Hepa1–6 cells. Tumor growth was retarded and survival increased in mice administered MCD together with DOX to as compared to either agent alone. Collectively, these results suggest that MCD enhances the sensitivity to DOX for which wild type p53 is an important determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshad Mohammad
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune- 411007, India
| | - Shivendra Vikram Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune- 411007, India
| | - Parmanand Malvi
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune- 411007, India
| | - Balkrishna Chaube
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune- 411007, India
| | - Dipti Athavale
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune- 411007, India
| | | | | | - Bipin Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kollam-690525, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Bhat
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune- 411007, India
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Xiang J, Xiang Y, Lin S, Xin D, Liu X, Weng L, Chen T, Zhang M. Anticancer effects of deproteinized asparagus polysaccharide on hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:3517-24. [PMID: 24310501 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies in the world whose chemoprevention became increasingly important in HCC treatment. Although the anticancer effects of asparagus constituents have been investigated in several cancers, its effects on hepatocellular carcinoma have not been fully studied. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of the deproteinized asparagus polysaccharide on the hepatocellular carcinoma cells using the in vitro and in vivo experimental model. Our data showed that deproteinized asparagus polysaccharide might act as an effective inhibitor on cell growth in vitro and in vivo and exert potent selective cytotoxicity against human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Further study showed that it could potently induce cell apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in the more sensitive Hep3B and HepG2 cell lines. Moreover, deproteinized asparagus polysaccharide potentiated the effects of mitomycin both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that deproteinized asparagus polysaccharide might exert its activity through an apoptosis-associated pathway by modulating the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3. In conclusion, deproteinized asparagus polysaccharide exhibited significant anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cells and could sensitize the tumoricidal effects of mitomycin, indicating that it is a potential therapeutic agent (or chemosensitizer) for liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xiang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 200233, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Fiandalo M, Kyprianou N. Caspase control: protagonists of cancer cell apoptosis. Exp Oncol 2012; 34:165-175. [PMID: 23070001 PMCID: PMC3721730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer is due to activation of survival pathways, including apoptosis suppression and anoikis resistance, and increased neovascularization. Thus targeting of apoptotic players is of critical significance in prostate cancer therapy since loss of apoptosis and resistance to anoikis are critical in aberrant malignant growth, metastasis and conferring therapeutic failure. The majority of therapeutic agents act through intrinsic mitochondrial, extrinsic death receptor pathways or endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways to induce apoptosis. Current therapeutic strategies target restoring regulatory molecules that govern the pro-survival pathways such as PTEN which regulates AKT activity. Other strategies focus on reactivating the apoptotic pathways either by down-regulating anti-apoptotic players such as BCL-2 or by up-regulating pro-apoptotic protein families, most notably, the caspases. Caspases are a family of cystine proteases which serve critical roles in apoptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways. During tumorigenesis, significant loss or inactivation of lead members in the caspase family leads to impairing apoptosis induction, causing a dramatic imbalance in the growth dynamics, ultimately resulting in aberrant growth of human cancers. Recent exploitation of apoptosis pathways towards re-instating apoptosis induction via caspase re-activation has provided new molecular platforms for the development of therapeutic strategies effective against advanced prostate cancer as well as other solid tumors. This review will discuss the current cellular landscape featuring the caspase family in tumor cells and their activation via pharmacologic intervention towards optimized anti-cancer therapeutic modalities. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Apoptosis: Four Decades Later".
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Cheng H, Hong B, Zhou L, Allen JE, Tai G, Humphreys R, Dicker DT, Liu YY, El-Deiry WS. Mitomycin C potentiates TRAIL-induced apoptosis through p53-independent upregulation of death receptors: evidence for the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3312-23. [PMID: 22895172 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the molecular targets of chemotherapeutic medicines and their chemical footprints can validate and improve the use of such medicines. In the present report, we investigated the effect of mitomycin C (MMC), a classical chemotherapeutic agent on cancer cell apoptosis induced by TRAIL. We found that MMC not only potentiated TRAIL-induced apoptosis in HCT116 (p53-/-) colon cancer cells but also sensitized TRAIL-resistant colon cancer cells HT-29 to the cytokine both in vitro and in vivo. MMC also augmented the pro-apoptotic effects of two TRAIL receptor agonist antibodies, mapatumumab and lexatumumab. At a mechanistic level, MMC downregulated cell survival proteins, including Bcl2, Mcl-1 and Bcl-XL, and upregulated pro-apoptotic proteins including Bax, Bim and the cell surface expression of TRAIL death receptors DR4 and DR5. Gene silencing of DR5 by short hairpin RNA reduced the apoptosis induced by combination treatment of MMC and TRAIL. Induction of DR4 and DR5 was independent of p53, Bax and Bim but was dependent on c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK) as JNK pharmacological inhibition and siRNA abolished the induction of the TRAIL receptors by MMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Cheng
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Nishikawa H, Osaki Y, Kita R, Kimura T, Inuzuka T, Takeda H, Nakajima J, Matsuda F, Sakamoto A, Henmi S, Hatamaru K, Saito S, Nasu A. Transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy prior to radiofrequency thermal ablation for single hepatocellular carcinoma reduces the risk of intrahepatic distant recurrence. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:903-9. [PMID: 22692851 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effectiveness of transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy (TAI) of the whole liver using an epirubicin-mitomycin-lipiodol emulsion, prior to radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA), in preventing intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR) from single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Of the 269 consecutive patients who underwent RFA in our institute for single HCC, a total of 182 patients were analyzed in the present study. The primary endpoint was comparison of the post-RFA IDR-free survival rates in patients treated using TAI with an epirubicin-mitomycin-lipiodol emulsion via the proper hepatic artery (TAI-EML) prior to RFA, and patients that received lipiodol infusion-alone prior to RFA. The secondary endpoints were local tumor progression (LTP) and overall survival (OS). Lipiodol infusion-alone prior to RFA was performed in 88 patients and TAI-EML prior to RFA in 94 patients. The mean tumor size was 2.06 cm (range, 0.9-3.2 cm) in the TAI group and 1.97 cm (range, 0.9-3.3 cm) in the lipiodol-alone group, respectively. The cumulative IDR-free survival rates at 1, 2 and 3 years were 74.0, 50.8 and 34.9%, respectively, in the lipiodol-alone group, and 90.8, 74.8 and 70.0%, respectively, in the TAI group (P<0.001). In terms of the OS, there was a significant difference between these two groups (P=0.048), although there was no significant difference in terms of the LTP (P=0.145). We concluded that TAI-EML prior to RFA appears to be useful in reducing post-RFA IDR and may contribute to improved survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka 543-0027, Japan.
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Thomas-Schoemann A, Lemare F, Mongaret C, Bermudez E, Chéreau C, Nicco C, Dauphin A, Weill B, Goldwasser F, Batteux F, Alexandre J. Bystander effect of vinorelbine alters antitumor immune response. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:1511-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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