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Kundu G, Ghasemi M, Yim S, Rohil A, Xin C, Ren L, Srivastava S, Akinfolarin A, Kumar S, Srivastava GP, Sabbisetti VS, Murugaiyan G, Ajay AK. STAT3 Protein-Protein Interaction Analysis Finds P300 as a Regulator of STAT3 and Histone 3 Lysine 27 Acetylation in Pericytes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2102. [PMID: 39335615 PMCID: PMC11428717 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12092102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a member of the cytoplasmic inducible transcription factors and plays an important role in mediating signals from cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. We and others have found that STAT3 directly regulates pro-fibrotic signaling in the kidney. The STAT3 protein-protein interaction plays an important role in activating its transcriptional activity. It is necessary to identify these interactions to investigate their function in kidney disease. Here, we investigated the protein-protein interaction among three species to find crucial interactions that can be targeted to alleviate kidney disease. METHOD In this study, we examined common protein-protein interactions leading to the activation or downregulation of STAT3 among three different species: humans (Homo sapiens), mice (Mus musculus), and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Further, we chose to investigate the P300 and STAT3 interaction and performed studies of the activation of STAT3 using IL-6 and inhibition of the P300 by its specific inhibitor A-485 in pericytes. Next, we performed immunoprecipitation to confirm whether A-485 inhibits the binding of P300 to STAT3. RESULTS Using the STRING application from ExPASy, we found that six proteins, including PIAS3, JAK1, JAK2, EGFR, SRC, and EP300, showed highly confident interactions with STAT3 in humans, mice, and rabbits. We also found that IL-6 treatment increased the acetylation of STAT3 and increased histone 3 lysine acetylation (H3K27ac). Furthermore, we found that the disruption of STAT3 and P300 interaction by the P300 inhibitor A-485 decreased STAT3 acetylation and H3K27ac. Finally, we confirmed that the P300 inhibitor A-485 inhibited the binding of STAT3 with P300, which inhibited its transcriptional activity by reducing the expression of Ccnd1 (Cyclin D1). CONCLUSIONS Targeting the P300 protein interaction with STAT3 may alleviate STAT3-mediated fibrotic signaling in humans and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kundu
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- US Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Maryam Ghasemi
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Seungbin Yim
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ayanna Rohil
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cuiyan Xin
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leo Ren
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Akinwande Akinfolarin
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gyan P. Srivastava
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Venkata S. Sabbisetti
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gopal Murugaiyan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amrendra K. Ajay
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Polycystic Kidney Disease, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Cao LL, Wu YK, Lin TX, Lin M, Chen YJ, Wang LQ, Wang JB, Lin JX, Lu J, Chen QY, Tu RH, Huang ZN, Lin JL, Zheng HL, Xie JW, Li P, Huang CM, Zheng CH. CDK5 promotes apoptosis and attenuates chemoresistance in gastric cancer via E2F1 signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:286. [PMID: 37990321 PMCID: PMC10664659 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoresistance is a major clinical challenge that leads to tumor metastasis and poor clinical outcome. The mechanisms underlying gastric cancer resistance to chemotherapy are still unclear. METHODS We conducted bioinformatics analyses of publicly available patient datasets to establish an apoptotic phenotype and determine the key pathways and clinical significance. In vitro cell models, in vivo mouse models, and numerous molecular assays, including western blotting, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining, and coimmunoprecipitation assays were used to clarify the role of factors related to apoptosis in gastric cancer in this study. Differences between datasets were analyzed using the Student's t-test and two-way ANOVA; survival rates were estimated based on Kaplan-Meier analysis; and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate prognostic factors. RESULTS Bulk transcriptomic analysis of gastric cancer samples established an apoptotic phenotype. Proapoptotic tumors were enriched for DNA repair and immune inflammatory signaling and associated with improved prognosis and chemotherapeutic benefits. Functionally, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) promoted apoptosis of gastric cancer cells and sensitized cells and mice to oxaliplatin. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that CDK5 stabilizes DP1 through direct binding to DP1 and subsequent activation of E2F1 signaling. Clinicopathological analysis indicated that CDK5 depletion correlated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance in human gastric tumors. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that CDK5 promotes cell apoptosis by stabilizing DP1 and activating E2F1 signaling, suggesting its potential role in the prognosis and therapeutic decisions for patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Long Cao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Kai Wu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tong-Xin Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mi Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jing Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling-Qian Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Bin Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Xian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ru-Hong Tu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ze-Ning Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ju-Li Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua-Long Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xie
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chang-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Chao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No.29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Qin S, Kitty I, Hao Y, Zhao F, Kim W. Maintaining Genome Integrity: Protein Kinases and Phosphatases Orchestrate the Balancing Act of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Repair in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10212. [PMID: 37373360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal DNA damages which lead to severe genome instability. Phosphorylation is one of the most important protein post-translation modifications involved in DSBs repair regulation. Kinases and phosphatases play coordinating roles in DSB repair by phosphorylating and dephosphorylating various proteins. Recent research has shed light on the importance of maintaining a balance between kinase and phosphatase activities in DSB repair. The interplay between kinases and phosphatases plays an important role in regulating DNA-repair processes, and alterations in their activity can lead to genomic instability and disease. Therefore, study on the function of kinases and phosphatases in DSBs repair is essential for understanding their roles in cancer development and therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of kinases and phosphatases in DSBs repair regulation and highlight the advancements in the development of cancer therapies targeting kinases or phosphatases in DSBs repair pathways. In conclusion, understanding the balance of kinase and phosphatase activities in DSBs repair provides opportunities for the development of novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Qin
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ichiwa Kitty
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yalan Hao
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wootae Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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Ronk H, Rosenblum JS, Kung T, Zhuang Z. Targeting PP2A for cancer therapeutic modulation. Cancer Biol Med 2022; 19:1428-1439. [PMID: 36342229 PMCID: PMC9630519 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatases play essential roles as negative regulators of kinases and signaling cascades involved in cytoskeletal organization. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is highly conserved and is the predominant serine/threonine phosphatase in the nervous system, constituting more than 70% of all neuronal phosphatases. PP2A is involved in diverse regulatory functions, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Although PP2A has historically been identified as a tumor suppressor, inhibition of PP2A has paradoxically demonstrated potential as a therapeutic target for various cancers. LB100, a water-soluble, small-molecule competitive inhibitor of PP2A, has shown particular promise as a chemo- and radio-sensitizing agent. Preclinical success has led to a profusion of clinical trials on LB100 adjuvant therapies, including a phase I trial in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer, a phase I/II trial in myelodysplastic syndrome, a phase II trial in recurrent glioblastoma, and a completed phase I trial assessing the safety of LB100 and docetaxel in various relapsed solid tumors. Herein, we review the development of LB100, the role of PP2A in cancer biology, and recent advances in targeting PP2A inhibition in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halle Ronk
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jared S. Rosenblum
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy Kung
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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5
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Lan HY, An P, Liu QP, Chen YY, Yu YY, Luan X, Tang JY, Zhang H. Aidi injection induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the mitochondrial pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114073. [PMID: 33794335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The incidence and mortality rates of hepatocellular carcinoma are very high all over the world, which seriously threatens human life and health. Aidi injection as a Chinese medicine preparation has a positive curative effect on hepatocellular carcinoma, but its mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects of Aidi injection and explore its mechanism of action vitro and vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main components of Aidi injection were determined by LC-MS/MS. The effects of Aidi injection on the viability of HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 cells were detected via CCK-8 analysis and Calcein AM/PI staining. DAPI staining and flow cytometry were applied to analyze the apoptosis-induced effects of Aidi injection on hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs). The growth inhibition of Aidi injection on hepatocellular carcinoma was observed in nude mice bearing PLC/PRF/5 cells. The related signal transduction and apoptosis pathways were investigated through assays for JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), RNA-seq, KEGG, PPI and WB. RESULTS There were 12 main chemical components contained in Aidi injection, viz. cantharidin, syringin, calycosin-7-o-β-Dglucoside, isozinpidine, ginsenosides Rd, Rc, Rb1, Re, and Rg1, astragalosides II and IV, and eleutheroside E. Aidi injection significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 and PLC/PLF/5 cells with IC50 of 20.66 mg/ml and 27.5 mg/ml at 48h, respectively, increased the proportion of dead cells, induced cell apoptosis, suppressed the tumor growth of nude mice bearing PLC/PLF/5 cells, reduced MMP, activated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signal transduction pathways, down-regulated the expression of p-PI3K and Bcl-xL, and up-regulated the expression of p-JNK, p-p38 and Bim. CONCLUSION Aidi injection inhibits the growth of liver cancer probably through regulating PI3K/Akt and MAPK signal transduction pathways, inducing MMP collapse to activate the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, and then eliciting apoptosis of HCCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Injections
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/physiology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phytochemicals/analysis
- Phytochemicals/pharmacology
- Phytochemicals/therapeutic use
- Protein Interaction Maps
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yue Lan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Pei An
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu-Ying Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Yuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Bai M, Che Y, Lu K, Fu L. Analysis of deubiquitinase OTUD5 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for cervical cancer by bioinformatic analysis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9146. [PMID: 32655987 PMCID: PMC7333649 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OTU deubiquitinase 5 (OTUD5), as a member of the ovarian tumor protease (OTU) family, was previously reported to play important roles in DNA repair and immunity. However, little is known about its function in tumors. Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that seriously endangers the lives of women. Here, we found that low expression of OTUD5 in cervical cancer is associated with poor prognosis. Its expression is associated with tumor stage, metastatic nodes and tumor subtypes such as those related to the phosphatidylinositol–3–kinase (PI3K)–AKT signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and hormones. In addtion, we analyzed the coexpressed genes, related miRNAs, transcription factors, kinases, E3s and interacting proteins of OTUD5. We demonstrated that OTUD5 affects the expression levels of WD repeat domain 45 (WDR45), ubiquitin-specific peptidase 11 (USP11), GRIP1 associated protein 1 (GRIPAP1) and RNA binding motif protein 10 (RBM10). Moreover, hsa-mir-137, hsa-mir-1913, hsa-mir-937, hsa-mir-607, hsa-mir-3149 and hsa-mir-144 may inhibit the expression of OTUD5. Furthermore, we performed enrichment analysis of 22 coexpressed genes, 33 related miRNAs and 30 interacting proteins. In addition to ubiquitination and immunology related processes, they also participate in Hippo signaling, insulin signaling, EMT, histone methylation and phosphorylation kinase binding. Our study for the first time analyzed the expression of OTUD5 in cervical cancer and its relationship with clinicopathology and provided new insights for further study of its regulatory mechanism in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mixue Bai
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Che
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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7
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Áyen Á, Jiménez Martínez Y, Boulaiz H. Targeted Gene Delivery Therapies for Cervical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051301. [PMID: 32455616 PMCID: PMC7281413 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being largely preventable through early vaccination and screening strategies, cervical cancer is the most common type of gynecological malignancy worldwide and constitutes one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in women. Patients with advanced or recurrent disease have a very poor prognosis; hence, novel therapeutic modalities to improve clinical outcomes in cervical malignancy are needed. In this regard, targeted gene delivery therapy is presented as a promising approach, which leads to the development of multiple strategies focused on different aspects. These range from altered gene restoration, immune system potentiation, and oncolytic virotherapy to the use of nanotechnology and the design of improved and enhanced gene delivery systems, among others. In the present manuscript, we review the current progress made in targeted gene delivery therapy for cervical cancer, the advantages and drawbacks and their clinical application. At present, multiple targeted gene delivery systems have been reported with encouraging preclinical results. However, the translation to humans has not yet shown a significant clinical benefit due principally to the lack of efficient vectors. Real efforts are being made to develop new gene delivery systems, to improve tumor targeting and to minimize toxicity in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Áyen
- Department of Dermatology, San Cecilio Universitary Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Yaiza Jiménez Martínez
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Houria Boulaiz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-241-271
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8
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Marelli S, Williamson JC, Protasio AV, Naamati A, Greenwood EJD, Deane JE, Lehner PJ, Matheson NJ. Antagonism of PP2A is an independent and conserved function of HIV-1 Vif and causes cell cycle arrest. eLife 2020; 9:e53036. [PMID: 32292164 PMCID: PMC7920553 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The seminal description of the cellular restriction factor APOBEC3G and its antagonism by HIV-1 Vif has underpinned two decades of research on the host-virus interaction. We recently reported that HIV-1 Vif is also able to degrade the PPP2R5 family of regulatory subunits of key cellular phosphatase PP2A (PPP2R5A-E; Greenwood et al., 2016; Naamati et al., 2019). We now identify amino acid polymorphisms at positions 31 and 128 of HIV-1 Vif which selectively regulate the degradation of PPP2R5 family proteins. These residues covary across HIV-1 viruses in vivo, favouring depletion of PPP2R5A-E. Through analysis of point mutants and naturally occurring Vif variants, we further show that degradation of PPP2R5 family subunits is both necessary and sufficient for Vif-dependent G2/M cell cycle arrest. Antagonism of PP2A by HIV-1 Vif is therefore independent of APOBEC3 family proteins, and regulates cell cycle progression in HIV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marelli
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - James C Williamson
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna V Protasio
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Adi Naamati
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Edward JD Greenwood
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Janet E Deane
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Matheson
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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9
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Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), originally described as a neuronal-specific kinase, is also frequently activated in human cancers. Using conditional CDK5 knockout mice and a mouse model of highly metastatic melanoma, we found that CDK5 is dispensable for the growth of primary tumors. However, we observed that ablation of CDK5 completely abrogated the metastasis, revealing that CDK5 is essential for the metastatic spread. In mouse and human melanoma cells CDK5 promotes cell invasiveness by directly phosphorylating an intermediate filament protein, vimentin, thereby inhibiting assembly of vimentin filaments. Chemical inhibition of CDK5 blocks the metastatic spread of patient-derived melanomas in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. Hence, inhibition of CDK5 might represent a very potent therapeutic strategy to impede the metastatic dissemination of malignant cells.
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10
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Sharma S, Sicinski P. A kinase of many talents: non-neuronal functions of CDK5 in development and disease. Open Biol 2020; 10:190287. [PMID: 31910742 PMCID: PMC7014686 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) represents an unusual member of the family of cyclin-dependent kinases, which is activated upon binding to non-cyclin p35 and p39 proteins. The role of CDK5 in the nervous system has been very well established. In addition, there is growing evidence that CDK5 is also active in non-neuronal tissues, where it has been postulated to affect a variety of functions such as the immune response, angiogenesis, myogenesis, melanogenesis and regulation of insulin levels. Moreover, high levels of CDK5 have been observed in different tumour types, and CDK5 was proposed to play various roles in the tumorigenic process. In this review, we discuss these various CDK5 functions in normal physiology and disease, and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting CDK5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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11
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Prince GMSH, Yang TY, Lin H, Chen MC. Mechanistic insight of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in modulating lung cancer growth. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2019; 62:231-240. [PMID: 31793458 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_67_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung harbors the growth of primary and secondary tumors. Even though numerous factors regulate the complex signal transduction and cytoskeletal remodeling toward the progression of lung cancer, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a previously known kinase in the central nervous system, has raised much attention in the recent years. Patients with aberrant Cdk5 expression also lead to poor survival. Cdk5 has already been employed in various cellular processes which shape the fate of cancer. In lung cancer, Cdk5 mainly regulates tumor suppressor genes, carcinogenesis, cytoskeletal remodeling, and immune checkpoints. Inhibiting Cdk5 by using drugs, siRNA or CRISP-Cas9 system has rendered crucial therapeutic advantage in the combat against lung cancer. Thus, the relation of Cdk5 to lung cancer needs to be addressed in detail. In this review, we will discuss various cellular events modulated by Cdk5 and we will go further into their underlying mechanism in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsung-Ying Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Chest Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences; Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chih Chen
- Department of Nursing, Asia University; Translational Cell Therapy Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Hao XL, Han F, Zhang N, Chen HQ, Jiang X, Yin L, Liu WB, Wang DD, Chen JP, Cui ZH, Ao L, Cao J, Liu JY. TC2N, a novel oncogene, accelerates tumor progression by suppressing p53 signaling pathway in lung cancer. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1235-1250. [PMID: 30254375 PMCID: PMC6748156 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein containing the C2 domain has been well documented for its essential roles in endocytosis, cellular metabolism and cancer. Tac2-N (TC2N) is a tandem C2 domain-containing protein, but its function, including its role in tumorigenesis, remains unknown. Here, we first identified TC2N as a novel oncogene in lung cancer. TC2N was preferentially upregulated in lung cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal lung tissues. High TC2N expression was significantly associated with poor outcome of lung cancer patients. Knockdown of TC2N markedly induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest with repressing proliferation in vitro, and suppresses tumorigenicity in vivo, whereas overexpression of TC2N has the opposite effects both in vitro and in vivo. Using a combination of TCGA database and bioinformatics, we demonstrate that TC2N is involved in regulation of the p53 signaling pathway. Mechanistically, TC2N attenuates p53 signaling pathway through inhibiting Cdk5-induced phosphorylation of p53 via inducing Cdk5 degradation or disrupting the interaction between Cdk5 and p53. Moreover, the blockade of p53 attenuates the function of TC2N knockdown in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, downregulated TC2N is involved in the apoptosis of lung cancer cells induced by doxorubicin, leading to p53 pathway activation. Overall, these findings uncover a role for the p53 inactivator TC2N in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of lung cancer cells. Our present study provides novel insights into the mechanism of tumorigenesis in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Lin Hao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Li Yin
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Cui
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lin Ao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Jin-Yi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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13
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Cai W, Li Y, Huang B, Hu C. Esophageal cancer lymph node metastasis-associated gene signature optimizes overall survival prediction of esophageal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:592-600. [PMID: 30242875 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is characteristic of early regional lymph node metastasis (LNM) and most patients with metastasis have a poor prognosis. However, the current diagnostic techniques do not enable precise differentiation of EC LNM, prognostic stratification, and individual survival estimation. To identify potential molecular biomarkers for EC patients with LNM, we explored differently expressed genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas database between 77 non-LNM cases and 88 LNM cases by limma package R. Then, according to univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, we constructed an 8-messenger RNA (mRNA) prognostic signature model, which could predict the outcome in a more exact way. The area under the curve of the risk score is significantly higher than other clinical information, indicating that the 8-mRNA-based risk score is a good indicator for prognosis. Then, combined with other individual risk factors, such as age, sex, T stage, M stage, etc, we could precisely calculate the individual 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicate that the risk model is mainly associated with cancer-related pathways, such as cell division, cellular meiosis, and cell cycle regulation. In summary, the 8-mRNA-based risk score model that we developed successfully predicts the survival of EC. It is independent of clinical information and performing better than other clinical information for prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Cai
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changyuan Hu
- Division of GI Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Tang H, Xu L, Liang X, Gao G. Low dose dinaciclib enhances doxorubicin-induced senescence in myeloma RPMI8226 cells by transformation of the p21 and p16 pathways. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6608-6614. [PMID: 30405800 PMCID: PMC6202540 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that lacks a cure. However, novel combination therapy is a current anti-MM strategy. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a type of anthracycline which is a first-line chemotherapeutic for treating MM and induces senescence in many types of cancer. Dinaciclib is a potent, small molecule CDK inhibitor with promise for treating several types of cancer in I/II phase clinical trials. In the present study the anticancer effects and underlying mechanisms of dinaciclib combined with DOX in MM RPMI-8226 cells were investigated. Results indicated that DOX induced cell viability inhibition, cell cycle arrest and senescence. Furthermore, DOX resulted in increased alterations in DNA damage-related proteins such as p-ATM, p-Chk2, p-p53, p21 and γH2AX, but not p16. Notably, the combination of dinaciclib and DOX inhibited cell growth and promoted senescence by transforming the suppressive effects of the ATM/Chk2/p53/p21 signaling pathway and enhancing the p16 signaling pathway. Thus, low-dose dinaciclib enhanced anti-MM effects mediated by DOX via transformation of p21-p16 signaling pathways, leading to accelerated senescence, but not apoptosis. The present findings suggest this approach may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Tang
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guangxun Gao
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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15
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KIAA1199 promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer cells via microtubule destabilization regulated by a PP2A/stathmin pathway. Oncogene 2018; 38:935-949. [PMID: 30202098 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the main cause of death in advanced colorectal cancer. Our previous research showed that upregulation of KIAA1199 predicted poorer outcomes, and promoted cell motility and tumor metastasis in colorectal cancer, with the mechanisms not being fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that silencing of KIAA1199 results in reduced tumor metastasis in the orthotopic transplantation tumor model of colorectal cancer. Importantly, we find that KIAA1199 interacts with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) through the C-terminal domain and increases phosphatase activity of PP2A, which is essential for KIAA1199-mediated cell motility. Moreover, we identify stathmin, a microtubule-destabilizing protein, as a downstream of KIAA1199-PP2A complex. KIAA1199-induced dephosphorylation of stathmin results in microtubule destabilization and leads to enhanced cell motility. Furthermore, a microtubule-stabilizing drug paclitaxel could prevent KIAA1199-induced microtubule destabilization, and inhibit cell migration and invasion in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo in colorectal cancer. Collectively, our study reveals that KIAA1199 promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer cells via microtubule destabilization regulated by a PP2A/stathmin pathway, and suggests that KIAA1199 may be a promising target for preventing metastasis in colorectal cancer.
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16
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Wu M, Yu G, Yan T, Ke D, Wang Q, Liu R, Wang JZ, Zhang B, Chen D, Wang X. Phosphorylation of SET mediates apoptosis via P53 hyperactivation and NM23-H1 nuclear import. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 69:38-47. [PMID: 29852409 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an important role in neuron loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). SET, an endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase-2A, is phosphorylated in AD brains and positively correlates with cell apoptosis. However, the mechanism underlying phosphorylated SET association with apoptosis remains unknown. Here, we show that mimetic phosphorylation of SET (S9E) induced apoptosis of primary cultured neurons. To investigate its mechanism, we overexpressed SET (S9E) in HEK293/tau cells and observed apoptosis accompanied with a marked increase of cleaved caspase-3 and cytoplasmic SET (S9E) retention with enhanced protein phosphatase-2A inhibition, which subsequently caused p53 hyperphosphorylation and activation. In addition, it caused the release of nucleoside diphosphate kinase A isoform a, a positive regulator of p53 with a DNase activity from SET/nucleoside diphosphate kinase A isoform a complex, and migration into the nucleus, resulting in DNA damage. Besides, it reduced nuclear tau accumulation leading to DNA protection deficiency. These findings suggest that SET phosphorylation is involved in the neuronal apoptotic pathway in AD and provide a new insight into the mechanism of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang Yu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tonghai Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Ke
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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17
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Zhang L, Zhou H, Li X, Vartuli RL, Rowse M, Xing Y, Rudra P, Ghosh D, Zhao R, Ford HL. Eya3 partners with PP2A to induce c-Myc stabilization and tumor progression. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1047. [PMID: 29535359 PMCID: PMC5849647 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eya genes encode a unique family of multifunctional proteins that serve as transcriptional co-activators and as haloacid dehalogenase-family Tyr phosphatases. Intriguingly, the N-terminal domain of Eyas, which does not share sequence similarity to any known phosphatases, contains a separable Ser/Thr phosphatase activity. Here, we demonstrate that the Ser/Thr phosphatase activity of Eya is not intrinsic, but arises from its direct interaction with the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-B55α holoenzyme. Importantly, Eya3 alters the regulation of c-Myc by PP2A, increasing c-Myc stability by enabling PP2A-B55α to dephosphorylate pT58, in direct contrast to the previously described PP2A-B56α-mediated dephosphorylation of pS62 and c-Myc destabilization. Furthermore, Eya3 and PP2A-B55α promote metastasis in a xenograft model of breast cancer, opposing the canonical tumor suppressive function of PP2A-B56α. Our study identifies Eya3 as a regulator of PP2A, a major cellular Ser/Thr phosphatase, and uncovers a mechanism of controlling the stability of a critical oncogene, c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Hengbo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Xueni Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca L Vartuli
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
- Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Michael Rowse
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53705, WI, USA
| | - Yongna Xing
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53705, WI, USA
| | - Pratyaydipta Rudra
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
- Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
| | - Heide L Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
- Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Cdk5 is an atypical cyclin-dependent kinase that is well characterized for its role in the central nervous system rather than in the cell cycle. However Cdk5 has been recently implicated in the development and progression of a variety of cancers including breast, lung, colon, pancreatic, melanoma, thyroid and brain tumors. This broad pro-tumorigenic role makes Cdk5 a promising drug target for the development of new cancer therapies. Here we review the contribution of Cdk5 to molecular mechanisms that confer upon tumors the ability to grow, proliferate and disseminate to secondary organs, as well as resistance to chemotherapies. We subsequently discuss existing and new strategies for targeting Cdk5 and its downstream mechanisms as anti-cancer treatments.
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19
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Ashraf NM, Imran K, Kastner DW, Ikram K, Mushtaq A, Hussain A, Zeeshan N. Potential involvement of mi-RNA 574-3p in progression of prostate cancer: A bioinformatic study. Mol Cell Probes 2017; 36:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Hu C, Yu M, Ren Y, Li K, Maggio DM, Mei C, Ye L, Wei J, Jin J, Zhuang Z, Tong H. PP2A inhibition from LB100 therapy enhances daunorubicin cytotoxicity in secondary acute myeloid leukemia via miR-181b-1 upregulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2894. [PMID: 28588271 PMCID: PMC5460144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) arising from myelodysplastic syndromes have a poor prognosis marked by an increased resistance to chemotherapy. An urgent need exists for adjuvant treatments that can enhance or replace current therapeutic options. Here we show the potential of LB100, a small-molecule protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) inhibitor, as a monotherapy and chemosensitizing agent for sAML using an in-vitro and in-vivo approach. We demonstrate that LB100 decreases cell viability through caspase activation and G2/M cell-cycle arrest. LB100 enhances daunorubicin (DNR) cytotoxicity resulting in decreased xenograft volumes and improved overall survival. LB100 profoundly upregulates miR-181b-1, which we show directly binds to the 3′ untranslated region of Bcl-2 mRNA leading to its translational inhibition. MiR-181b-1 ectopic overexpression further diminishes Bcl-2 expression leading to suppression of sAML cell growth, and enhancement of DNR cytotoxicity. Our research highlights the therapeutic potential of LB100, and provides new insights into the mechanism of LB100 chemosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Ren
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongfei Li
- Department of Hematology, Yin Zhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dominic M Maggio
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chen Mei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Juying Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Hongyan Tong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China. .,Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Liu W, Li J, Song YS, Li Y, Jia YH, Zhao HD. Cdk5 links with DNA damage response and cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:60. [PMID: 28288624 PMCID: PMC5348798 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As an atypical member of cyclin dependent kinase family, Cyclin dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is considered as a neuron-specific kinase in the past decade due to the abundant existence of its activator p35 in post-mitotic neurons. Recent studies show that Cdk5 participates in a series of biological and pathological processes in non-neuronal cells, and is generally dysregulated in various cancer cells. The inhibition or knockdown of Cdk5 has been proven to play an anti-cancer role through various mechanisms, and can synergize the killing effect of chemotherapeutics. DNA damage response (DDR) is a series of regulatory events including DNA damage, cell-cycle arrest, regulation of DNA replication, and repair or bypass of DNA damage to ensure the maintenance of genomic stability and cell viability. Here we describe the regulatory mechanisms of Cdk5, its controversial roles in apoptosis and focus on its links to DDR and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 467, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 467, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yu-Shu Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 467, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 467, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yu-Hong Jia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road West 9, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Hai-Dong Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 467, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Chiker S, Pennaneach V, Loew D, Dingli F, Biard D, Cordelières FP, Gemble S, Vacher S, Bieche I, Hall J, Fernet M. Cdk5 promotes DNA replication stress checkpoint activation through RPA-32 phosphorylation, and impacts on metastasis free survival in breast cancer patients. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3066-78. [PMID: 26237679 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1078020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a determinant of PARP inhibitor and ionizing radiation (IR) sensitivity. Here we show that Cdk5-depleted (Cdk5-shRNA) HeLa cells show higher sensitivity to S-phase irradiation, chronic hydroxyurea exposure, and 5-fluorouracil and 6-thioguanine treatment, with hydroxyurea and IR sensitivity also seen in Cdk5-depleted U2OS cells. As Cdk5 is not directly implicated in DNA strand break repair we investigated in detail its proposed role in the intra-S checkpoint activation. While Cdk5-shRNA HeLa cells showed altered basal S-phase dynamics with slower replication velocity and fewer active origins per DNA megabase, checkpoint activation was impaired after a hydroxyurea block. Cdk5 depletion was associated with reduced priming phosphorylations of RPA32 serines 29 and 33 and SMC1-Serine 966 phosphorylation, lower levels of RPA serine 4 and 8 phosphorylation and DNA damage measured using the alkaline Comet assay, gamma-H2AX signal intensity, RPA and Rad51 foci, and sister chromatid exchanges resulting in impaired intra-S checkpoint activation and subsequently higher numbers of chromatin bridges. In vitro kinase assays coupled with mass spectrometry demonstrated that Cdk5 can carry out the RPA32 priming phosphorylations on serines 23, 29, and 33 necessary for this checkpoint activation. In addition we found an association between lower Cdk5 levels and longer metastasis free survival in breast cancer patients and survival in Cdk5-depleted breast tumor cells after treatment with IR and a PARP inhibitor. Taken together, these results show that Cdk5 is necessary for basal replication and replication stress checkpoint activation and highlight clinical opportunities to enhance tumor cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chiker
- a Institut Curie; Centre de Recherche; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,b Inserm; U612; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,c Université Paris-XI; Faculté de Médecine ; Le Kremlin Bicêtre , France
| | - Vincent Pennaneach
- a Institut Curie; Centre de Recherche; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,b Inserm; U612; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France
| | - Damarys Loew
- d Institut Curie; Centre de Recherche; Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique ; Paris , France
| | - Florent Dingli
- d Institut Curie; Centre de Recherche; Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique ; Paris , France
| | - Denis Biard
- e Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique; DSV; iMETI; SEPIA; Team Cellular Engineering and Human Syndromes ; Fontenay aux Roses , France
| | - Fabrice P Cordelières
- a Institut Curie; Centre de Recherche; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,f CNRS; UMR3348; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,g Plateforme IBiSA d'Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire; Institut Curie; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay , France
| | - Simon Gemble
- a Institut Curie; Centre de Recherche; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,f CNRS; UMR3348; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- h Pharmacogenetics Unit; Genetics Service ; Department of Tumour Biology ; Institut Curie ; Paris , France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- h Pharmacogenetics Unit; Genetics Service ; Department of Tumour Biology ; Institut Curie ; Paris , France
| | - Janet Hall
- a Institut Curie; Centre de Recherche; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,b Inserm; U612; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,i Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon -UMR Inserm 1052 - CNRS 5286 ; Lyon , France
| | - Marie Fernet
- a Institut Curie; Centre de Recherche; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France.,b Inserm; U612; Centre Universitaire ; Orsay Cedex , France
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23
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Pan DH, Zhu ML, Lin XM, Lin XG, He RQ, Ling YX, Su ST, Wickramaarachchi MM, Dang YW, Wei KL, Chen G. Evaluation and clinical significance of cyclin-dependent kinase5 expression in cervical lesions: a clinical research study in Guangxi, China. Eur J Med Res 2016; 21:28. [PMID: 27406233 PMCID: PMC4942906 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-016-0222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have been reported that cyclin-dependent kinase5 (CDK5) was associated with the development of several cancers. However, the relationship between CDK5 level and clinicopathological factors is still poorly understood in cervical diseases. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of CDK5 and its clinical significance in variant cervical lesions. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect CDK5 expression in 54 cases of chronic cervicitis, 42 cases of condyloma acuminate (CA), 38 cases of carcinoma in situ, and 360 cases of cervical cancers [adenocarcinoma, n = 63; squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), n = 263; adenosquamous carcinoma, n = 34]. The clinicopathological characteristics in relation to CDK5 were examined by Pearson’s Chi-square test. Results The positive rates of CDK5 were 27.8, 31.0, 50, 54.0, 58.8, and 62.7 % in chronic cervicitis, CA, carcinoma in situ, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma and SCC, respectively. Statistically analysis showed that CDK5 expression in cervical cancer tissues was higher than non-cervical cancer tissues (inflammation and CA) (P < 0.001). The overexpression of CDK5 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (r = 0.317; P < 0.001), histological type (r = 0.198; P < 0.001), FIGO stage (r = 0.358; P < 0.001), TNM stage (r = 0.329; P < 0.001) and pathological grade (r = 0.259; P < 0.001) in cervical lesions evaluated by Pearson’s Chi-square test. Furthermore, the positive relationships were found between CDK5 and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), FIGO stage (P < 0.001), TNM stage (P < 0.001) and pathological grade (P < 0.001) in SCC. CDK5 was positively interrelated to TNM stage (P = 0.017) in adenosquamous carcinoma. Conclusions CDK5 may play a vital role in the development of cervical cancer, which may be a marker for the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Hua Pan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Mei-Lin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiao-Miao Lin
- Department of Children Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 225 Xinyang Road, Nanning, 530003, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xing-Gu Lin
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan-Xin Ling
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shi-Tao Su
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Madushi Mihiranganee Wickramaarachchi
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kang-Lai Wei
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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24
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Park SJ, Yang SW, Kim BC. Transforming growth factor-β1 induces cell cycle arrest by activating atypical cyclin-dependent kinase 5 through up-regulation of Smad3-dependent p35 expression in human MCF10A mammary epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:502-7. [PMID: 26966064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) play important roles in control of cell division. Cdk5 is an atypical member of Cdk family with non-cyclin-like regulatory subunit, p35, but its role in cell cycle progression is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of Cdk5/p35 on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced cell cycle arrest. In human MCF10A mammary epithelial cells, TGF-β1 induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and increased p27KIP1 expression. Interestingly, pretreatment with roscovitine, an inhibitor of Cdk5, or transfection with small interfering (si) RNAs specific to Cdk5 and p35 significantly attenuated the TGF-β1-induced p27KIP1 expression and cell cycle arrest. TGF-β1 increased Cdk5 activity via up-regulation of p35 gene at transcriptional level, and these effects were abolished by transfection with Smad3 siRNA or infection of adenovirus carrying Smad3 mutant at the C-tail (3SA). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay further revealed that wild type Smad3, but not mutant Smad3 (3SA), binds to the region of the p35 promoter region (-1000--755) in a TGF-β1-dependent manner. These results for the first time demonstrate a role of Cdk5/p35 in the regulation of cell cycle progression modulated by TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ji Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Sun Woo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea.
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25
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Lam E, Pareek TK, Letterio JJ. Cdk5 controls IL-2 gene expression via repression of the mSin3a-HDAC complex. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1327-36. [PMID: 25785643 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.987621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a unique member of a family of serine/threonine cyclin-dependent protein kinases. We previously demonstrated disruption of Cdk5 gene expression in mice impairs T-cell function and ameliorates T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation. Here, we show Cdk5 modulates gene expression during T-cell activation by impairing the repression of gene transcription by histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) through specific phosphorylation of the mSin3a protein at serine residue 861. Disruption of Cdk5 activity in T-cells enhances HDAC activity and binding of the HDAC1/mSin3a complex to the IL-2 promoter, leading to suppression of IL-2 gene expression. These data point to essential roles for Cdk5 in regulating gene expression in T-cells and transcriptional regulation by the co-repressor mSin3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lam
- a Department of Pediatrics; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital Center; The Angie Fowler Adolescent & Young Adult Cancer Institute; The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center ; Case Western Reserve University ; Cleveland , OH USA
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26
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Yushan R, Wenjie C, Suning H, Yiwu D, Tengfei Z, Madushi WM, Feifei L, Changwen Z, Xin W, Roodrajeetsing G, Zuyun L, Gang C. Insights into the clinical value of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in glioma: a retrospective study. World J Surg Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26205145 PMCID: PMC4513965 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested that expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) may promote the migration and invasion of human glioma cells. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical value of CDK5 in different grades of glioma in relation to Ki-67 labeling index (LI). Methods We firstly assessed by immunohistochemistry the expression of CDK5 in 152 glioma tissues and 16 normal brain tissues and further explored the relationship between CDK5 expression and other clinical features. Results The positive ratio of CDK5 in gliomas (57.2 %) was higher than that in normal brain tissues (12.5 %, P = 0.001). Difference of CDK5 expression among four World Health Organization (WHO) grades was statistically significant (P = 0.001). The significant differences of CDK5 expression were also observed between WHO I glioma (34.8 %) and WHO III glioma (62.5 %), as well as WHO IV glioma (82.8 %; P = 0.026, P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, Spearman’s rank correlation confirmed that CDK5 was positively correlated with the pathological grade of glioma (r = 0.831, P < 0.001). The CDK5 expression was also positively correlated with Ki-67 LI (r = 0.347, P < 0.001). Conclusions The current result suggests that CDK5 may play an essential role in the tumorigenesis and aggressiveness of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Yushan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic China
| | - Chen Wenjie
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic China
| | - Huang Suning
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic China
| | - Dang Yiwu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic China
| | - Zhong Tengfei
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic China
| | - Wickramaarachchi Mihiranganee Madushi
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic China
| | - Luo Feifei
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic China
| | - Zhang Changwen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic China
| | - Wen Xin
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic China
| | - Gopaul Roodrajeetsing
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic China
| | - Li Zuyun
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic China.
| | - Chen Gang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People's Republic China.
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27
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Zhang S, Lu Z, Mao W, Ahmed AA, Yang H, Zhou J, Jennings N, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Miranda R, Qiao W, Baladandayuthapani V, Li Z, Sood AK, Liu J, Le XF, Bast RC. CDK5 Regulates Paclitaxel Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer Cells by Modulating AKT Activation, p21Cip1- and p27Kip1-Mediated G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131833. [PMID: 26146988 PMCID: PMC4492679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a cytoplasmic serine/ threonine kinase. Knockdown of CDK5 enhances paclitaxel sensitivity in human ovarian cancer cells. This study explores the mechanisms by which CDK5 regulates paclitaxel sensitivity in human ovarian cancers. Multiple ovarian cancer cell lines and xenografts were treated with CDK5 small interfering RNA (siRNA) with or without paclitaxel to examine the effect on cancer cell viability, cell cycle arrest and tumor growth. CDK5 protein was measured by immunohistochemical staining of an ovarian cancer tissue microarray to correlate CDK5 expression with overall patient survival. Knockdown of CDK5 with siRNAs inhibits activation of AKT which significantly correlates with decreased cell growth and enhanced paclitaxel sensitivity in ovarian cancer cell lines. In addition, CDK5 knockdown alone and in combination with paclitaxel induced G1 cell cycle arrest and caspase 3 dependent apoptotic cell death associated with post-translational upregulation and nuclear translocation of TP53 and p27Kip1 as well as TP53-dependent transcriptional induction of p21Cip1 in wild type TP53 cancer cells. Treatment of HEYA8 and A2780 wild type TP53 xenografts in nu/nu mice with CDK5 siRNA and paclitaxel produced significantly greater growth inhibition than either treatment alone. Increased expression of CDK5 in human ovarian cancers correlates inversely with overall survival. CDK5 modulates paclitaxel sensitivity by regulating AKT activation, the cell cycle and caspase-dependent apoptosis. CDK5 inhibition can potentiate paclitaxel activity in human ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Weiqun Mao
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ahmed A. Ahmed
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hailing Yang
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Jennings
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roberto Miranda
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Wei Qiao
- Bioinformatics Computer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Veera Baladandayuthapani
- Bioinformatics Computer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zongfang Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Departments of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, Untied States of America
| | - Xiao-Feng Le
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RCB); (XFL)
| | - Robert C. Bast
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RCB); (XFL)
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28
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Kim EM, Park JK, Hwang SG, Kim WJ, Liu ZG, Kang SW, Um HD. Nuclear and cytoplasmic p53 suppress cell invasion by inhibiting respiratory complex-I activity via Bcl-2 family proteins. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8452-65. [PMID: 25115399 PMCID: PMC4226696 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the p53 tumor suppressor/transcription factor often accumulates in the cytoplasm of healthy cells, limited information is available on the cytoplasmic function of p53. Here, we show that cytoplasmic p53 suppresses cell invasion by reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Analysis revealed that this function is mediated by Bcl-2 family proteins: Cytoplasmic p53 binds Bcl-w, liberating Bax, which then binds ND5, a subunit of respiratory complex-I, thereby suppressing complex-I activity and thus ROS production. The G13289A mutation of ND5, identified in cancer patients, prevents Bax/ND5 interactions and promotes ROS production and cell invasion. We also showed that Bcl-XL and Bak can substitute for Bcl-w and Bax, respectively, regulating complex-I activity and supporting the cytoplasmic function of p53; nuclear p53 also suppresses complex-I activity by inducing Bax expression. Studies in animal models support the notion that p53 and Bcl-2 family proteins exhibit these functions in vivo. This study demonstrates a link between p53 and Bcl-2 proteins as regulators of ROS production and cellular invasiveness, and reveals complex-I, especially ND5, as their functional target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea; Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science, Ewha Woman's University Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Kuk Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Zheng-Gang Liu
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sang Won Kang
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science, Ewha Woman's University Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Duck Um
- Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Kiely M, Kiely PA. PP2A: The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing? Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:648-69. [PMID: 25867001 PMCID: PMC4491676 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7020648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase in cells. It consists of a catalytic subunit (C), a structural subunit (A), and a regulatory/variable B-type subunit. PP2A has a critical role to play in homeostasis where its predominant function is as a phosphatase that regulates the major cell signaling pathways in cells. Changes in the assembly, activity and substrate specificity of the PP2A holoenzyme have a direct role in disease and are a major contributor to the maintenance of the transformed phenotype in cancer. We have learned a lot about how PP2A functions from specific mutations that disrupt the core assembly of PP2A and from viral proteins that target PP2A and inhibit its effect as a phosphatase. This prompted various studies revealing that restoration of PP2A activity benefits some cancer patients. However, our understanding of the mechanism of action of this is limited because of the complex nature of PP2A holoenzyme assembly and because it acts through a wide variety of signaling pathways. Information on PP2A is also conflicting as there are situations whereby inactivation of PP2A induces apoptosis in many cancer cells. In this review we discuss this relationship and we also address many of the pertinent and topical questions that relate to novel therapeutic strategies aimed at altering PP2A activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Kiely
- Department of Life Sciences, and Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick 78666, Ireland.
| | - Patrick A Kiely
- Department of Life Sciences, and Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick 78666, Ireland.
- Stokes Institute, University of Limerick 78666, Limerick, Ireland.
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30
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Corbel C, Zhang B, Le Parc A, Baratte B, Colas P, Couturier C, Kosik KS, Landrieu I, Le Tilly V, Bach S. Tamoxifen inhibits CDK5 kinase activity by interacting with p35/p25 and modulates the pattern of tau phosphorylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:472-482. [PMID: 25865311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a multifunctional enzyme that plays numerous roles, notably in brain development. CDK5 is activated through its association with the activators, p35 and p39, rather than by cyclins. Proteolytic procession of the N-terminal part of its activators has been linked to Alzheimer's disease and various other neuropathies. The interaction with the proteolytic product p25 prolongs CDK5 activation and modifies the substrate specificity. In order to discover small-molecule inhibitors of the interaction between CDK5 and p25, we have used a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based screening assay. Among the 1,760 compounds screened, the generic drug tamoxifen has been identified. The inhibition of the CDK5 activity by tamoxifen was notably validated by monitoring the phosphorylation state of tau protein. The study of the molecular mechanism of inhibition indicates that tamoxifen interacts with p25 to block the CDK5/p25 interaction and pave the way for new treatments of tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Corbel
- USR3151-CNRS/UPMC, Protein Phosphorylation and Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France; EA4250-LIMATB-EG2B, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement Yves Coppens, Université de Bretagne Sud, 56017 Vannes, France; Kosik Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power Electricity, 071003 Beijing, China
| | - Annabelle Le Parc
- EA4250-LIMATB-EG2B, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement Yves Coppens, Université de Bretagne Sud, 56017 Vannes, France
| | - Blandine Baratte
- USR3151-CNRS/UPMC, Protein Phosphorylation and Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Pierre Colas
- USR3151-CNRS/UPMC, Protein Phosphorylation and Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Cyril Couturier
- UMR761-INSERM Lille University, Biostructures and Drug Discovery, 59006 Lille, France
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Kosik Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- UMR8576 CNRS-Lille North of France University, 59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRI), 58658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Véronique Le Tilly
- EA4250-LIMATB-EG2B, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement Yves Coppens, Université de Bretagne Sud, 56017 Vannes, France
| | - Stéphane Bach
- USR3151-CNRS/UPMC, Protein Phosphorylation and Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France.
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Tripathi BK, Qian X, Mertins P, Wang D, Papageorge AG, Carr SA, Lowy DR. CDK5 is a major regulator of the tumor suppressor DLC1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 207:627-42. [PMID: 25452387 PMCID: PMC4259810 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201405105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CDK5 activates the tumor suppressor DLC1 by phosphorylating and diminishing the binding of an autoinhibitory region of DLC1 to its Rho-GAP domain and allows it to localize to focal adhesions. DLC1 is a tumor suppressor protein whose full activity depends on its presence at focal adhesions, its Rho–GTPase activating protein (Rho-GAP) function, and its ability to bind several ligands, including tensin and talin. However, the mechanisms that regulate and coordinate these activities remain poorly understood. Here we identify CDK5, a predominantly cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinase, as an important regulator of DLC1 functions. The CDK5 kinase phosphorylates four serines in DLC1 located N-terminal to the Rho-GAP domain. When not phosphorylated, this N-terminal region functions as an autoinhibitory domain that places DLC1 in a closed, inactive conformation by efficiently binding to the Rho-GAP domain. CDK5 phosphorylation reduces this binding and orchestrates the coordinate activation DLC1, including its localization to focal adhesions, its Rho-GAP activity, and its ability to bind tensin and talin. In cancer, these anti-oncogenic effects of CDK5 can provide selective pressure for the down-regulation of DLC1, which occurs frequently in tumors, and can contribute to the pro-oncogenic activity of CDK5 in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brajendra K Tripathi
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, MD
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, MD
| | | | - Dunrui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, MD
| | - Alex G Papageorge
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, MD
| | - Steven A Carr
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge 02142, MA
| | - Douglas R Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, MD
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Abstract
Calpains regulate a wide spectrum of biological functions, including migration, adhesion, apoptosis, secretion, and autophagy, through the modulating cleavage of specific substrates. Ubiquitous microcalpain (μ-calpain) and millicalpain (m-calpain) are heterodimers composed of catalytic subunits encoded, respectively, by CAPN1 and CAPN2 and a regulatory subunit encoded by CAPNS1. Here we show that calpain is required for the stability of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP1 in several cell lines. USP1 modulates DNA replication polymerase choice and repair by deubiquitinating PCNA. The ubiquitinated form of the USP1 substrate PCNA is stabilized in CAPNS1-depleted U2OS cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), favoring polymerase-η loading on chromatin and increased mutagenesis. USP1 degradation directed by the cell cycle regulator APC/C(cdh1), which marks USP1 for destruction in the G1 phase, is upregulated in CAPNS1-depleted cells. USP1 stability can be rescued upon forced expression of calpain-activated Cdk5/p25, previously reported as a cdh1 repressor. These data suggest that calpain stabilizes USP1 by activating Cdk5, which in turn inhibits cdh1 and, consequently, USP1 degradation. Altogether these findings point to a connection between the calpain system and the ubiquitin pathway in the regulation of DNA damage response and place calpain at the interface between cell cycle modulation and DNA repair.
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Hage-Sleiman R, Esmerian MO, Kobeissy H, Dbaibo G. p53 and Ceramide as Collaborators in the Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:4982-5012. [PMID: 23455468 PMCID: PMC3634419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14034982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipid ceramide mediates various cellular processes in response to several extracellular stimuli. Some genotoxic stresses are able to induce p53-dependent ceramide accumulation leading to cell death. However, in other cases, in the absence of the tumor suppressor protein p53, apoptosis proceeds partly due to the activity of this "tumor suppressor lipid", ceramide. In the current review, we describe ceramide and its roles in signaling pathways such as cell cycle arrest, hypoxia, hyperoxia, cell death, and cancer. In a specific manner, we are elaborating on the role of ceramide in mitochondrial apoptotic cell death signaling. Furthermore, after highlighting the role and mechanism of action of p53 in apoptosis, we review the association of ceramide and p53 with respect to apoptosis. Strikingly, the hypothesis for a direct interaction between ceramide and p53 is less favored. Recent data suggest that ceramide can act either upstream or downstream of p53 protein through posttranscriptional regulation or through many potential mediators, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouba Hage-Sleiman
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; E-Mails: (M.O.E.); (G.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +961-1-350-000 (ext. 4883)
| | - Maria O. Esmerian
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; E-Mails: (M.O.E.); (G.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; E-Mail:
| | - Hadile Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; E-Mail:
| | - Ghassan Dbaibo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; E-Mails: (M.O.E.); (G.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; E-Mail:
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Ajay AK, Meena AS, Bhat MK. Human papillomavirus 18 E6 inhibits phosphorylation of p53 expressed in HeLa cells. Cell Biosci 2012; 2:2. [PMID: 22244155 PMCID: PMC3285035 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In HPV infected cells p53 function is abrogated by E6 and even ectopically expressed p53 is unable to perform tumor suppressor functions. In addition to facilitating its degradation, E6 may also inhibit p53 transactivity, though the mechanisms are still poorly understood. It has been reported that inhibition of p300, an acetyltransferase responsible for p53 acetylation is inactivated by E6. Activation of overexpressed p53 to cause cell growth inhibition is facilitated by its phosphorylation. Previously, we reported that non-genotoxically overexpressed p53 in HeLa cells needs to be phosphorylated to perform its cell growth inhibitory functions. Since over expressed p53 by itself was not activated, we hypothesized an inhibitory role for E6. Results Majority of reports proposes E6 mediated degradation of p53 as a possible reason for its inactivation. However, results presented here for the first time demonstrate that overexpressed p53 is not directly associated with E6 and therefore free, yet it is not functionally active in HPV positive cells. Also, the stability of overexpressed p53 does not seem to be an issue because inhibition of proteasomal degradation did not increase the half-life of overexpressed p53, which is more than endogenous p53. However, inhibition of proteasomal degradation prevents the degradation of endogenous p53. These findings suggest that overexpressed p53 and endogenous p53 are differentially subjected to proteasomal degradation and the reasons for this discrepancy remain unclear. Our studies demonstrate that p53 over expression has no effect on anchorage independent cell-growth and E6 nullifies its cell growth inhibitory effect. E6 overexpression abrogates OA induced p53 occupancy on the p21 promoter and cell death as well. E6 did not decrease p53 protein but phospho-p53 level was significantly reduced. Conclusion We report for the first time that E6 de-activates p53 by inhibiting its phosphorylation. This prevents p53 binding to p21 promoter and thereby restraining its cell-growth inhibitory functions. Our study provides new evidence indicating that viral protein E6 inhibits p53 transactivity by mechanism independent of degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra K Ajay
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune - 411007, India.
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Wang-Johanning F, Rycaj K, Plummer JB, Li M, Yin B, Frerich K, Garza JG, Shen J, Lin K, Yan P, Glynn SA, Dorsey TH, Hunt KK, Ambs S, Johanning GL. Immunotherapeutic potential of anti-human endogenous retrovirus-K envelope protein antibodies in targeting breast tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012; 104:189-210. [PMID: 22247020 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djr540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The envelope (env) protein of the human endogenous retrovirus type K (HERV-K) family is commonly expressed on the surface of breast cancer cells. We assessed whether HERV-K env is a potential target for antibody-based immunotherapy of breast cancer. METHODS We examined the expression of HERV-K env protein in various malignant (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, SKBR3, MDA-MB-453, T47D, and ZR-75-1) and nonmalignant (MCF-10A and MCF-10AT) human breast cell lines by immunoblot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry. Anti-HERV-K env monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; 6H5, 4D1, 4E11, 6E11, and 4E6) were used to target expression of HERV-K, and antitumor effects were assessed by quantifying growth and apoptosis of breast cancer cells in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo in mice (n = 5 per group) bearing xenograft tumors. The mechanisms responsible for 6H5 mAb-mediated effects were investigated by microarray assays, flow cytometry, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of HERV-K env protein was assessed in primary breast tumors (n = 223) by immunohistochemistry. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS The expression of HERV-K env protein in malignant breast cancer cell lines was substantially higher than nonmalignant breast cells. Anti-HERV-K-specific mAbs inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells in vitro. Mice treated with 6H5 mAb showed statistically significantly reduced growth of xenograft tumors compared with mice treated with control immunoglobulin (control [mIgG] vs 6H5 mAb, for tumors originating from MDA-MB-231 cells, mean size = 1448.33 vs 475.44 mm(3); difference = 972.89 mm(3), 95% CI = 470.17 to 1475.61 mm(3); P < .001). Several proteins involved in the apoptotic signaling pathways were overexpressed in vitro in 6H5 mAb-treated malignant breast cells compared with mIgG-treated control. HERV-K expression was detected in 148 (66%) of 223 primary breast tumors, and a higher rate of lymph node metastasis was associated with HERV-K-positive compared with HERV-K-negative tumors (43% vs 23%, P = .003). CONCLUSION Monoclonal antibodies against HERV-K env protein show potential as novel immunotherapeutic agents for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang-Johanning
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Ma T, Yamada S, Ichwan SJA, Iseki S, Ohtani K, Otsu M, Ikeda MA. Inability of p53-reactivating compounds Nutlin-3 and RITA to overcome p53 resistance in tumor cells deficient in p53Ser46 phosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:931-7. [PMID: 22166212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein plays key roles in protecting cells from tumorigenesis. Phosphorylation of p53 at Ser46 (p53Ser46) is considered to be a crucial modification regulating p53-mediated apoptosis. Because the activity of p53 is impaired in most human cancers, restoration of wild-type p53 (wt-p53) function by its gene transfer or by p53-reactivating small molecules has been extensively investigated. The p53-reactivating compounds Nutlin-3 and RITA activate p53 in the absence of genotoxic stress by antagonizing the action of its negative regulator Mdm2. Although controversial, Nutlin-3 was shown to induce p53-mediated apoptosis in a manner independent of p53 phosphorylation. Recently, RITA was shown to induce apoptosis by promoting p53Ser46 phosphorylation. Here we examined whether Nutlin-3 or RITA can overcome resistance to p53-mediated apoptosis in p53-resistant tumor cell lines lacking the ability to phosphorylate p53Ser46. We show that Nutlin-3 did not rescue the apoptotic defect of a Ser46 phosphorylation-defective p53 mutant in p53-sensitive tumor cells, and that RITA neither restored p53Ser46 phosphorylation nor induced apoptosis in p53Ser46 phosphorylation-deficient cells retaining wt-p53. Furthermore, treatment with Nutlin-3 or RITA together with adenoviral p53 gene transfer also failed to induce apoptosis in p53Ser46 phosphorylation-deficient cells either expressing or lacking wt-p53. These results indicate that neither Nutlin-3 nor RITA in able to induce p53-mediated apoptosis in the absence of p53Ser46 phosphorylation. Thus, the dysregulation of this phosphorylation in tumor cells may be a critical factor that limits the efficacy of these p53-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- Section of Molecular Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Contreras-Vallejos E, Utreras E, Gonzalez-Billault C. Going out of the brain: non-nervous system physiological and pathological functions of Cdk5. Cell Signal 2011; 24:44-52. [PMID: 21924349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase that is mostly active in the nervous system, where it regulates several processes such as neuronal migration, actin and microtubule dynamics, axonal guidance, and synaptic plasticity, among other processes. In addition to these known functions, in the past few years, novel roles for Cdk5 outside of the nervous system have been proposed. These include roles in gene transcription, vesicular transport, apoptosis, cell adhesion, and migration in many cell types and tissues such as pancreatic cells, muscle cells, neutrophils, and others. In this review, we will summarize the recently studied non-neuronal functions of Cdk5, with a thorough analysis of the biological consequences of these novel roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Contreras-Vallejos
- Department of Biology and Institute for Cell Dynamics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Lu JW, Chang JG, Yeh KT, Chen RM, Tsai JJP, Hu RM. Decreased expression of p39 is associated with a poor prognosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Med Oncol 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S239-45. [PMID: 20936377 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study are to investigate the relationship between p39 expression and clinicopathological parameters of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to evaluate the prognostic value of p39 for HCC patients. Real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry was used to measure p39 expression in tumor and adjacent nontumor samples. Relationships of p39 expression with clinical parameters and patient survival were analyzed. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR showed that the quantity of p39 mRNA in cancerous tissue was significantly lower than that in nontumor tissue (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry data confirmed that p39 protein was reduced in 64% of HCC. p39 expression was not influenced by chronic alcohol exposure or cirrhosis. Reduction in p39 was correlated with the HBV (P = 0.039), HCV (P = 0.011), and histological grade (P < 0.001). HCC patients with lower p39 expression had poorer overall survival rate than that with high expression (HR, 2.868; 95% CI, 1.451-5.670; P = 0.002). Together with other results, these results reveal that p39 expression was reduced in HCC tissue. p39 could be a useful clinical prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Wei Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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