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Lima RC, Carvalho APAD, Almeida AECCD, Conte-Junior CA. Bioactive compounds and benefits of by-products of Amazon babassu oil production: potential for dietary supplement, biomedical and food applications. Food Funct 2024; 15:6232-6253. [PMID: 38814112 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01594k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Babassu coconut (Attalea speciosa syn. Orbignya phalerata) contains an oil-rich nut and is primarily found in South America's Amazon region. Future market researchers predict an increase in the babassu oil market from USD 227.7 million in 2022 to USD 347.0 million by 2032, and the yield of babassu oil from babassu-processed waste could reach 90%. Of these, mesocarp flour is an underrated by-product used only for animal feed purposes by local producers. This comprehensive review focuses on advances in knowledge and understanding of phytochemicals from babassu oil by-products considering the mechanisms of action - covering antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. Babassu coconut fruit contains free fatty acids, (poly)phenols, phytosterols, and triterpenes. Pytochemicals, antiparasitic and antibacterial activities of babassu mesocarp flour were shown, but fungi and viruses can get more attention. Beyond its antioxidant capacity, babassu mesocarp flour showed potential as a dietary food supplement. Aqueous suspensions of mesocarp flour with a higher preference for cancer cells than normal cells and an antithrombotic effect were also identified, probably related to the antioxidant capacity of its secondary metabolites. Mesocarp flour, a starch-rich fraction, is promising for application as biodegradable packaging to improve the oxidative stability of foods. Finally, low-added value fractions can be considered bio-waste/co-products, and their phytochemicals may attract interest for applications in medicine and nutrition. Toxicological concerns, trends, and gaps are discussed for the future of foods and related sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa Cruz Lima
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040900, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941909, Brazil
- Research Support Group on Nanomaterials, Polymers, and Interaction with Biosystems (BioNano), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941909, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941598, Brazil
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941909, Brazil
| | - Anna Paula Azevedo de Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040900, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941909, Brazil
- Research Support Group on Nanomaterials, Polymers, and Interaction with Biosystems (BioNano), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941909, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941598, Brazil
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941909, Brazil
| | - Antonio Eugenio Castro Cardoso de Almeida
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040900, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040900, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941909, Brazil
- Research Support Group on Nanomaterials, Polymers, and Interaction with Biosystems (BioNano), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941909, Brazil
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941598, Brazil
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941909, Brazil
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Mukherjee P, Roy S, Ghosh D, Nandi SK. Role of animal models in biomedical research: a review. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:18. [PMID: 35778730 PMCID: PMC9247923 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The animal model deals with the species other than the human, as it can imitate the disease progression, its’ diagnosis as well as a treatment similar to human. Discovery of a drug and/or component, equipment, their toxicological studies, dose, side effects are in vivo studied for future use in humans considering its’ ethical issues. Here lies the importance of the animal model for its enormous use in biomedical research. Animal models have many facets that mimic various disease conditions in humans like systemic autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular diseases, Atherosclerosis, diabetes, etc., and many more. Besides, the model has tremendous importance in drug development, development of medical devices, tissue engineering, wound healing, and bone and cartilage regeneration studies, as a model in vascular surgeries as well as the model for vertebral disc regeneration surgery. Though, all the models have some advantages as well as challenges, but, present review has emphasized the importance of various small and large animal models in pharmaceutical drug development, transgenic animal models, models for medical device developments, studies for various human diseases, bone and cartilage regeneration model, diabetic and burn wound model as well as surgical models like vascular surgeries and surgeries for intervertebral disc degeneration considering all the ethical issues of that specific animal model. Despite, the process of using the animal model has facilitated researchers to carry out the researches that would have been impossible to accomplish in human considering the ethical prohibitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mukherjee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, Nadia, India
| | - S Roy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, Nadia, India
| | - D Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - S K Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India.
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de Paula MP, Moraes AB, de Souza MDGC, Cavalari EMR, Campbell RC, Fernandes GDS, Farias MLF, Mendonça LMC, Madeira M, Bouskela E, Kraemer-Aguiar LG, Vieira Neto L. Cortisol level after dexamethasone suppression test in patients with non-functioning adrenal incidentaloma is positively associated with the duration of reactive hyperemia response on microvascular bed. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:609-619. [PMID: 32686043 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Data on endothelial derangements in patients with non-functioning adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI) are scarce. METHODS We investigated if NFAI patients present clinical, biochemical and endothelial alterations compared to individuals without an adrenal lesion and also the associations among these variables. Forty-two NFAI and 40 controls were evaluated. NFAI diagnosis and controls were defined according to the current guidelines and based on a normal adrenal imaging exam, respectively. Body composition was evaluated by dual emission X-ray absorptiometry. Endothelial reactivity was assessed by two methods: tonometry (Endo-PAT®) and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI). RESULTS There were no differences between groups regarding age, gender, ethnicity, smoking status, and statin use. The frequency of metabolic syndrome according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria was 69% and 57.9%, respectively in NFAI and controls (p = 0.36), whereas the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk was 63.4% and 66.7% (p = 0.81). The clinical, laboratory, and anthropometric characteristics, as well as body composition, were similar between the groups. Additionally, any differences between groups were observed on endothelial reactivity tests. Nevertheless, we noted an association between cortisol levels after 1 mg-dexamethosone suppression test (1 mg-DST) and the duration of post-occlusive reactive hyperemia tested on microcirculation (r = 0.30; p = 0.03). NFAI patients require more antihypertensive drugs to achieve blood pressure control (p = 0.04). The number of antihypertensive drugs used to control blood pressure correlated with cortisol levels after 1 mg-DST (r = 0.29; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Since both groups herein investigated had a high frequency of metabolic syndrome and ASCVD risk, it might explain similarities observed on endothelial reactivity. Nevertheless, prolonged reactive hyperemia response on microcirculation was correlated with cortisol levels under suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P de Paula
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, School of Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255, 9th Floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A B Moraes
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, School of Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255, 9th Floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M das Graças Coelho de Souza
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - E M R Cavalari
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, School of Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255, 9th Floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - R C Campbell
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, School of Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255, 9th Floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - G da Silva Fernandes
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, School of Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255, 9th Floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M L F Farias
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, School of Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255, 9th Floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L M C Mendonça
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, School of Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M Madeira
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, School of Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255, 9th Floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - E Bouskela
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L G Kraemer-Aguiar
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L Vieira Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrine Unit, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, School of Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco Street, 255, 9th Floor, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Santos JAA, da Silva JW, dos Santos SM, Rodrigues MDF, Silva CJA, da Silva MV, Correia MTS, Albuquerque JFC, Melo CML, Silva TG, Martins RD, Aguiar Júnior FCA, Ximenes RM. In Vitro and In Vivo Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Babassu Oil ( Attalea speciosa Mart. Ex Spreng., Arecaceae). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8858291. [PMID: 33029179 PMCID: PMC7532363 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8858291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Babassu (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng., Arecaceae) is a palm tree endemic to Brazil and found mainly in the borders of Amazon forest, where the harvesting of its fruits is an important source of income for more than 300,000 people. Among the communities of coconut breakers women, babassu oil is used in culinary, as fuel, and mostly as medicinal oil for the treatment of skin wounds and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the wound healing effects of babassu oil. In vitro, babassu oil increased the migration of L929 fibroblasts, inhibited the production of nitric oxide by LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages, and increased the levels of INF-γ and IL-6 cytokines production. In vivo, babassu oil accelerated the healing process in a full-thickness splinted wound model, by an increase in the fibroblasts number, blood vessels, and collagen deposition in the wounds. The babassu oil also increased the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the wound site and showed an anti-inflammatory effect in a chronic ear edema model, reducing ear thickness, epidermal hyperplasia, and myeloperoxidase activity. Thus, these data corroborate the use of babassu oil in folk medicine as a remedy to treat skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alex A. Santos
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Instituto Federal de Pernambuco, Abreu e Lima 53.515-120, Brazil
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50.740-525, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Camila Joyce A. Silva
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50.740-525, Brazil
| | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50.670-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cristiane M. L. Melo
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50.740-525, Brazil
| | - Teresinha G. Silva
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50.740-525, Brazil
| | - René D. Martins
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55.608-680, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael M. Ximenes
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50.740-525, Brazil
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Silva FF, Balthazar DS, Hellmann T, Sales JS, Barros Silva GE, Cyrino FZGDA, Pires Costa MC, Fernandes RMT, Custódio Neto da Silva MA, Barbosa MDCL, Romão W, de Oliveira BG, Vaz BG, Bouskela E, Nascimento MDDSB. Babassu ( Attalea glassmanii Zona) Nut Oil Is More Effective than Olive Oil for Treating Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:2525871. [PMID: 33029162 PMCID: PMC7528137 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2525871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western civilizations. The type of fatty acid which makes up the diet is related to the cardiovascular morbimortality and the formation of atheromas. Populations with high consumption of oils and fats have a higher number of deaths from CVD. PURPOSE In the present study, the objective was to comparatively analyze the microcirculatory effects of unrefined babassu oil with olive oil in microcirculation and liver of male hamsters of the species Mesocricetus auratus, checking the permeability to macromolecules after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) without and with topical application of histamine 5 × 10-6 M. This is an experimental study, using as model the hamster's cheek pouch, which was prepared for intravital microscopy. The hamsters were divided into seven groups and orally treated for 14 days, twice a day (at 8 AM and 4 PM), orally received treatments in the following doses: unrefined babassu oil (BO) 0.02 mL/dose (group BO-2), 0.06 mL/dose (group BO-6), and 0.18 mL/dose (BO-18 group); extra virgin olive oil (OI) 0.02 mL/dose (group OI-2), 0.06 mL/dose (group OI-6), and 0.18 mL/dose (OI-18 group); and mineral oil (MO) 0.18 mL/dose (MO-18 group). The observations were made on the 15th day on the hamsters' cheek pouch; the increase of vascular permeability induced by I/R with and without histamine application was evaluated, and in the liver the biological material was collected aseptically then fixed in 10% buffered formalin. RESULTS Microcirculatory analyses showed a significant reduction in the number of leaks after I/R with and without the topical use of histamine in animals treated with unrefined BO 0.06 mL/dose (BO-6) and 0.18 mL/dose (BO-18) compared to animals treated with OI. The BO group (p < 0.001) presented a dose-response relationship for decreasing leaks after I/R with and without topical use of histamine. Histological liver analyses showed no fat deposition changes in any of the treatment groups. Phytochemical analyses evidenced a chemical compound (C31H60NO8) in unrefined BO but not in OI. CONCLUSIONS This experiment demonstrates the protective effect of unrefined BO on the microcirculatory system and its greater dose effect than that of OI. Finding a chemical compound (C31H60NO8) that is present in BO but not in OI opens the possibility of investigating whether this chemical compound was responsible for the protective effect on membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio França Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital, Federal University of Maranhão, R. Barão de Itapary 227, Centro, 65020-070 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Daniela Signorelli Balthazar
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Reitor Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha Pavilion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Térreo, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thauany Hellmann
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maranhão, Education and Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Paulo VI University Campus, São Cristóvão, P.O. Box 09, 65067-320 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Silva Sales
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maranhão, Education and Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Paulo VI University Campus, São Cristóvão, P.O. Box 09, 65067-320 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Gyl Eanes Barros Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Bacanga University Campus, Avenida dos Portugueses s/n, Block 3, Room 3A, 65085-580 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Fátima Zely Garcia de Almeida Cyrino
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maranhão, Education and Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Paulo VI University Campus, São Cristóvão, P.O. Box 09, 65067-320 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Maria Célia Pires Costa
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maranhão, Education and Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Paulo VI University Campus, São Cristóvão, P.O. Box 09, 65067-320 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Raquel Maria Trindade Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry and Biology (CECEN), State University of Maranhão, Education and Exact and Natural Sciences Center, Paulo VI University Campus, São Cristóvão, P.O. Box 09, 65067-320 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio Custódio Neto da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Clinical Medicine, Medical Sciences School, State University of Campinas, Rua Vital Brazil 251, Zeferino Vaz University City, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Lacerda Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Bacanga University Campus, Avenida dos Portugueses s/n, Block 3, Room 3A, 65085-580 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Romão
- Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (IFES), Ministro Salgado Filho Avenue, S/No-Soteco Neighborhood, 29106-010 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gomes de Oliveira
- Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (IFES), Ministro Salgado Filho Avenue, S/No-Soteco Neighborhood, 29106-010 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (IFES), Ministro Salgado Filho Avenue, S/No-Soteco Neighborhood, 29106-010 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Reitor Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha Pavilion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Térreo, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Bacanga University Campus, Avenida dos Portugueses s/n, Block 3, Room 3A, 65085-580 São Luís, MA, Brazil
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Agostini-Costa TDS. Bioactive compounds and health benefits of some palm species traditionally used in Africa and the Americas - A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:202-229. [PMID: 29842962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to previous ethno-medicinal reviews, Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Phoenix dactylifera are among the main palms which are often used on the American and African continents to treat infections, infestations and disorders in the digestive, respiratory, genito-urinary, dermal, endocrine, cardiovascular, muscular-skeletal, mental and neural systems, as well as neoplasms, dental issues and metabolic and nutritional disorders. In addition, one or more species of the wild genera Acrocomia, Areca, Astrocaryum, Attalea, Bactris, Borassus, Calamus, Chamaedorea, Chamaerops, Euterpe, Hyphaene, Mauritia, Oenocarpus and Syagrus have a high number of records of these ethno-medicinal uses. The most used parts of the palm tree are the fruits, followed by roots, seeds, leaves and flower sap. AIM OF THE STUDY This review discusses the phytochemical composition and the pharmacological properties of these important ethno-medicinal palms, aiming to provide a contribution to future research prospects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Significant information was compiled from an electronic search in widely used international scientific databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, Wiley on line Library, Scielo, ACS Publications), and additional information was obtained from dissertations, theses, books and other relevant websites. RESULTS Palms, in general, are rich in oils, terpenoids and phenolic compounds. Fruits of many species are notable for their high content of healthy oils and fat-soluble bioactive compounds, mainly terpenoids, such as pigment carotenoids (and provitamin A), phytosterols, triterpene pentacyclics and tocols (and vitamin E), while other species stood out for their phenolic compounds derived from benzoic and cinnamic acids, along with flavan-3-ol, flavone, flavonol, and stilbene compounds or anthocyanin pigments. In addition to fruits, other parts of the plant such as seeds, leaves, palm heart, flowers and roots are also sources of many bioactive compounds. These compounds are linked to the ethno-medicinal use of many palms that improve human health against infections, infestations and disorders of human systems. CONCLUSIONS Palms have provided bioactive samples that validate their effectiveness in traditional medicine. However, the intensive study of all palm species related to ethno-medicinal use is needed, along with selection of the most appropriate palm accessions, ripe stage of the fruit and /or part of the plant. Furthermore, the complete profiles of all phytochemicals, their effects on animal models and human subjects, and toxicological and clinical trials are suggested, which, added to the incorporation of improved technological processes, should represent a significant advance for the implementation of new opportunities with wide benefits for human health.
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Nobre CB, de Sousa EO, de Lima Silva JMF, Melo Coutinho HD, da Costa JGM. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of fixed oils of Mauritia flexuosa and Orbignya speciosa associated with aminoglycosides. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Babassu Oil and Development of a Microemulsion System for Topical Delivery. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3647801. [PMID: 29430254 PMCID: PMC5753019 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3647801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Babassu oil extraction is the main income source in nut breakers communities in northeast of Brazil. Among these communities, babassu oil is used for cooking but also medically to treat skin wounds and inflammation, and vulvovaginitis. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of babassu oil and develop a microemulsion system with babassu oil for topical delivery. Topical anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in mice ear edema using PMA, arachidonic acid, ethyl phenylpropiolate, phenol, and capsaicin as phlogistic agents. A microemulsion system was successfully developed using a Span® 80/Kolliphor® EL ratio of 6 : 4 as the surfactant system (S), propylene glycol and water (3 : 1) as the aqueous phase (A), and babassu oil as the oil phase (O), and analyzed through conductivity, SAXS, DSC, TEM, and rheological assays. Babassu oil and lauric acid showed anti-inflammatory activity in mice ear edema, through inhibition of eicosanoid pathway and bioactive amines. The developed formulation (39% A, 12.2% O, and 48.8% S) was classified as a bicontinuous to o/w transition microemulsion that showed a Newtonian profile. The topical anti-inflammatory activity of microemulsified babassu oil was markedly increased. A new delivery system of babassu microemulsion droplet clusters was designed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of vegetable oil.
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Barbosa MDCL, Barbosa JB, Guerra LFA, Barbosa MFL, Barbosa FL, Barbosa RL, Guida DL, Martins MLB, Bouskela E, Nascimento MDDSB, Melo GSDO, Castro MMDS. Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in Afro-descendants: a study of the Quilombola communities in Maranhão, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA DE FAMÍLIA E COMUNIDADE 2015. [DOI: 10.5712/rbmfc10(36)925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors associated with dyslipidemia in Quilombola communities in Maranhão, Brazil. Methods: a cross-sectional study was performed from February 2010 to November 2011. A total of 202 individuals belonging to the Quilombola communities in Codó, Maranhão were assessed. Risk factors associated with dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome (MS) were evaluated. Results: the results showed a high prevalence of dyslipidemia (72.28%) and hypertension (43.07%). Isolated hypertriglyceridemia (38.61%) with normal levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was present in most individuals. Furthermore, the prevalence of MS and the estimated cardiovascular risks were low in this population. Conclusion: dyslipidemia, at the expense of triglycerides, and hypertension was highly prevalent. However, the frequency of other risk factors for cardiovascular events was low. A low prevalence of MS and cardiovascular risk according to the Framingham score for cardiovascular diseases was also identified.
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