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Lin B, Wan H, Yang J, Yu L, Zhou H, Wan H. Lipid regulation of protocatechualdehyde and hydroxysafflor yellow A via AMPK/SREBP2/PCSK9/LDLR signaling pathway in hyperlipidemic zebrafish. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24908. [PMID: 38333845 PMCID: PMC10850903 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of a high-cholesterol diet is known to cause hyperlipidemia, which is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Protocatechualdehyde (PCA) and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) are the active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower, respectively. However, their exact mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate its effects on lipid deposition and liver damage in hyperlipidemic zebrafish and its mechanism of anti-hyperlipidemia. The results showed that the use of PCA and HSYA alone and in combination can improve lipid deposition, slow behavior, abnormal blood flow and liver tissue damage, and the combined use is more effective. Further RT-qPCR results showed that PCA + HSYA can regulate the mRNA levels of PPAR-γ, SREBP2, SREBP1, HMGCR, PCSK9, mTOR, C/EBPα, LDLR, AMPK, HNF-1α and FoxO3a. The PCA + HSYA significantly improves lipid deposition and abnormal liver function in hyperlipidemic zebrafish larvae, which may be related to the AMPK/SREBP2/PCSK9/LDLR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingying Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haofang Wan
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province (grant no. 2020E10012), Hangzhou, China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province (grant no. 2020E10012), Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of TCM Encephalopathy of Zhejiang Province (grant no. 2020E10012), Hangzhou, China
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Ji X, Ge L, Ma R, Zhang X, Li J, Song D, Pei L, Sun F, Zhao Q. Screening potential ligands of endothelin receptor A from Choerospondias axillaris and evaluation of their drug-like properties by affinity chromatographic methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 226:115240. [PMID: 36657350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tibetan medicine is traditionally prescribed as crude extracts or mixtures owing to the theoretical basis with cross fertilization from other medical systems like Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine. This is challenged to elucidate the action mechanism and material foundation of Tibetan medicine due to lacking a method to confirm the bioactive compounds determining the therapy. This work created a new strategy for screening and evaluating the bioactive compounds against cardiovascular ailments from Choerospondias axillaris. It involved the immobilization of endothelin receptor A (ETAR) by a one-step covalent assay, the screening and identification of the bioactive compounds by ETAR column combined with tandem mass spectrometry, and the evaluation of their drug-like properties by calculating the efficiency indexes using the data collected by frontal analysis and adsorption energy distribution. The immobilized ETAR remained good stability in three weeks in terms of specificity and repeatability. Catechin, pinocembrin, and hyperoside were identified as potential ETAR ligands from Choerospondias axillaris with two types of binding sites on the immobilized receptor. Their association constants on the high and low affinity binding sites were (2.53 ± 0.11) × 105 and (9.94 ± 0.02) × 103 M-1 for catechin, (1.01 ± 0.12) × 106 and (7.40 ± 0.03) × 104 for hyperoside, and (2.05 ± 0.04) × 105 and (2.47 ± 0.09)× 104 M-1 for pinocembrin, respectively. Owing to the highest association constant, hyperoside presented a surface efficiency index of 7.95, and binding efficiency index of 20.7, and the ligand-lipophilicity efficiency of 1.38. These indicated that the three compounds were the main ingredients for the therapy of Choerospondias axillaris, and had potential to become lead compounds for anti-cardiovascular drugs based on drug-ETAR interaction. The immobilized receptor-based strategy is possible to become an alternative for screening and assessing bioactive compounds from Tibetan medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ji
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China; Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China.
| | - Liji Ge
- Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Ruixiao Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China; Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Jie Li
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China; Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Dan Song
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China; Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Lingmin Pei
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China; Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Fangyun Sun
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China; Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China; Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China.
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3
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Chavda VP, Chaudhari AZ, Teli D, Balar P, Vora L. Propolis and Their Active Constituents for Chronic Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020259. [PMID: 36830794 PMCID: PMC9953602 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a mass of chemically diverse phytoconstituents with gummy textures that are naturally produced by honeybees upon collection of plant resins for utilization in various life processes in beehives. Since ancient times, propolis has been a unique traditional remedy globally utilized for several purposes, and it has secured value in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical areas in recent years. The chemical composition of propolis comprises diverse constituents and deviations in the precise composition of the honeybee species, plant source used for propolis production by bees, climate conditions and harvesting season. Over 300 molecular structures have been discovered from propolis, and important classes include phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, benzofurans, benzopyrene and chalcones. Propolis has also been reported to have diverse pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anticaries. As chronic diseases have risen as a global health threat, abundant research has been conducted to track propolis and its constituents as alternative therapies for chronic diseases. Several clinical trials have also revealed the potency of propolis and its constituents for preventing and curing some chronic diseases. This review explores the beneficial effect of propolis and its active constituents with credible mechanisms and computational studies on chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380008, India
- Correspondence: (V.P.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Amit Z. Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Divya Teli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Pankti Balar
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Correspondence: (V.P.C.); (L.V.)
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Current advances on the therapeutic potential of pinocembrin: An updated review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114032. [PMID: 36481404 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a major flavonoid found in many plants, fungi and hive products, mainly honey and propolis. Several in vitro and preclinical studies revealed numerous pharmacological activities of pinocembrin including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and anticancer activities. Here, we comprehensively review and critically analyze the studies carried out on pinocembrin. We also discuss its potential mechanisms of action, bioavailability, toxicity, and clinical investigations. The wide therapeutic window of pinocembrin makes it a promising drug candidate for many clinical applications. We recommend some future perspectives to improve its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties for better delivery that may also lead to new therapeutic advances.
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Pinocembrin suppresses oxidized low-density lipoprotein-triggered NLRP3 inflammasome/GSDMD-mediated endothelial cell pyroptosis through an Nrf2-dependent signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13885. [PMID: 35974041 PMCID: PMC9381505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinocembrin (Pin) has been confirmed to exert anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic effects. Here we have explored whether and how Pin would protect vascular endothelial cells against pyroptosis elicited by the exposure to oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Our results showed that Pin preconditioning dose-dependently suppressed oxLDL-stimulated HUVEC injury and pyroptosis, which were manifested by improved cell viability, lower lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and DNA damage as well as decreased expression of pyroptosis-related markers, such as NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), pro-Caspase-1, cleaved Caspase-1, N-terminus of Gasdermin D-N (GSDMD-N), pro-interleukins-1β (pro-IL-1β), IL-1β and inflammatory cytokines (IL-18 and IL-1β). All of the effects were similar to those of MCC950 (an NLRP3 inhibitor). As expected, Pin distinctly activated the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidative signaling pathway assessed through increased expressions of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Furthermore, after transfection with small interfering RNA of Nrf2, the inhibitory effects of Pin on oxLDL-triggered NLRP3 inflammasome/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and oxidative stress in HUVECs were weakened. Additionally, Pin up-regulated Nrf2/HO-1 axis and down-regulated NLRP3 inflammasome/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis signals in Apoe-/- mice fed with high fat diet. These results contribute to the understanding of the anti-pyroptosis mechanisms of Pin and provide a reference for future research on the anti-atherosclerotic effect of Pin.
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6
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Pinocembrin Relieves Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection‑Induced Pneumonia in Mice Through the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:6335-6348. [PMID: 35917101 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonia is a serious infectious disease with increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. The M. pneumoniae is a major airway pathogen that mainly affects respiratory tract and ultimately leads to the development of pneumonia. The current exploration was aimed to uncover the beneficial properties of pinocembrin against the M. pneumoniae-triggered pneumonia in mice via its anti-inflammatory property. The pneumonia was stimulated to the BALB/c mice via infecting them with M. pneumoniae (100 µl) for 2 days through nasal drops and concomitantly treated with pinocembrin (10 mg/kg) for 3 days. The azithromycin (100 mg/kg) was used as a standard drug. Then the lung weight, nitric oxide, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was assessed. The content of MDA, GSH, and SOD activity was scrutinized using kits. The total cells and DNA amount present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was assessed by standard methods. The IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and TGF contents in the BALF samples and NF-κB level in the lung tissues were assessed using kits. The lung histopathology was assessed microscopically to detect the histological alterations. The 10 mg/kg of pinocembrin treatment substantially decreased the lung weight, nitric oxide (NO) level, and MPO activity. The MDA level was decreased, and GSH content and SOD activity were improved by the pinocembrin treatment. The pinocembrin administered pneumonia animals also demonstrated the decreased total cells, DNA amount, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and TGF in the BALF and NF-κB level. The findings of histological studies also witnessed the beneficial role of pinocembrin against M. pneumoniae-infected pneumonia. In conclusion, our findings confirmed that the pinocembrin effectively ameliorated the M. pneumoniae-provoked inflammation and oxidative stress in the pneumonia mice model. Hence, it could be a hopeful therapeutic agent to treat the pneumonia in the future.
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7
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Zhou Y, Zhu X, Cui H, Shi J, Yuan G, Shi S, Hu Y. The Role of the VEGF Family in Coronary Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:738325. [PMID: 34504884 PMCID: PMC8421775 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.738325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, the regulator of blood and lymphatic vessels, is mostly investigated in the tumor and ophthalmic field. However, the functions it enjoys can also interfere with the development of atherosclerosis (AS) and further diseases like coronary heart disease (CHD). The source, regulating mechanisms including upregulation and downregulation, target cells/tissues, and known functions about VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D are covered in the review. VEGF-A can regulate angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and inflammation by binding with VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. VEGF-B can regulate angiogenesis, redox, and apoptosis by binding with VEGFR-1. VEGF-C can regulate inflammation, lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and fibrogenesis by binding with VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3. VEGF-D can regulate lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, fibrogenesis, and apoptosis by binding with VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3. These functions present great potential of applying the VEGF family for treating CHD. For instance, angiogenesis can compensate for hypoxia and ischemia by growing novel blood vessels. Lymphangiogenesis can degrade inflammation by providing exits for accumulated inflammatory cytokines. Anti-apoptosis can protect myocardium from impairment after myocardial infarction (MI). Fibrogenesis can promote myocardial fibrosis after MI to benefit cardiac recovery. In addition, all these factors have been confirmed to keep a link with lipid metabolism, the research about which is still in the early stage and exact mechanisms are relatively obscure. Because few reviews have been published about the summarized role of the VEGF family for treating CHD, the aim of this review article is to present an overview of the available evidence supporting it and give hints for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanming Cui
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhen Yuan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Chen X, Wan W, Guo Y, Ye T, Fo Y, Sun Y, Qu C, Yang B, Zhang C. Pinocembrin ameliorates post-infarct heart failure through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Mol Med 2021; 27:100. [PMID: 34488618 PMCID: PMC8422663 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is an important factor involved in the progress of heart failure. The current study was performed to investigate whether pinocembrin was able to ameliorate post-infarct heart failure (PIHF) and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Rats were carried out left anterior descending artery ligation to induce myocardial infarction and subsequently raised for 6 weeks to produce chronic heart failure. Then pinocembrin was administrated every other day for 2 weeks. The effects were evaluated by echocardiography, western blot, Masson’s staining, biochemical examinations, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence. In vitro we also cultured H9c2 cardiomyocytes and cardiac myofibroblasts to further testify the mechanisms. Results We found that PIHF-induced deteriorations of cardiac functions were significantly ameliorated by administrating pinocembrin. In addition, the pinocembrin treatment also attenuated collagen deposition and augmented vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in infarct border zone along with an attenuated apoptosis, which were related to an amelioration of oxidative stress evidenced by reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in heart tissue and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum, and increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD). This were accompanied by upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. In vitro experiments we found that specific Nrf2 inhibitor significantly reversed the effects resulted from pinocembrin including antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, anti-fibrosis and neovascularization, which further indicated the amelioration of PIHF by pinocembrin was in a Nrf2/HO-1 pathway-dependent manner. Conclusion Pinocembrin ameliorated cardiac functions and remodeling resulted from PIHF by ROS scavenging and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation which further attenuated collagen fibers deposition and apoptosis, and facilitated angiogenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-021-00363-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxin Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Fo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhou Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Sui X, Li N, Shi X, Li X, Han D, Qiu Z, Deng Y, Sun G. Pinocembrin Protects Cardiomyocytes Against Isoproterenol-Induced Hypertrophy. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211033216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in myocardial cell volume and extracellular matrix production. Persistent cardiac hypertrophy can cause dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and even death. Pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxyflavanone) is a type of flavonoid, extracted from propolis, that has antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer properties. The results of the present study showed that pretreatment of isoproterenol (ISO)-treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes with pinocembrin reduced the messenger RNA levels of hypertrophic markers, including atrial natriuretic factor and βeta-myosin heavy chain, and inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and interferon-γ, and also inhibited p65 phosphorylation and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) translocation. In addition, the activity of IκBα, an inhibitor of NF-κB, was increased while that of caspase-3 was reduced under these conditions. These results indicate that pinocembrin may inhibit ISO-induced myocardial hypertrophy by attenuating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sui
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozheng Shi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Dong Han
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yue Deng
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Guangwei Sun
- First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
- Chinese Traditional Medicine Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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10
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Bhargava P, Mahanta D, Kaul A, Ishida Y, Terao K, Wadhwa R, Kaul SC. Experimental Evidence for Therapeutic Potentials of Propolis. Nutrients 2021; 13:2528. [PMID: 34444688 PMCID: PMC8397973 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is produced by honeybees from materials collected from plants they visit. It is a resinous material having mixtures of wax and bee enzymes. Propolis is also known as bee glue and used by bees as a building material in their hives, for blocking holes and cracks, repairing the combs and strengthening their thin borders. It has been extensively used since ancient times for different purposes in traditional human healthcare practices. The quality and composition of propolis depend on its geographic location, climatic zone and local flora. The New Zealand and Brazilian green propolis are the two main kinds that have been extensively studied in recent years. Their bioactive components have been found to possess a variety of therapeutic potentials. It was found that Brazilian green propolis improves the cognitive functions of mild cognitive impairments in patients living at high altitude and protects them from neurodegenerative damage through its antioxidant properties. It possesses artepillin C (ARC) as the key component, also known to possess anticancer potential. The New Zealand propolis contains caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) as the main bioactive with multiple therapeutic potentials. Our lab performed in vitro and in vivo assays on the extracts prepared from New Zealand and Brazilian propolis and their active ingredients. We provided experimental evidence that these extracts possess anticancer, antistress and hypoxia-modulating activities. Furthermore, their conjugation with γCD proved to be more effective. In the present review, we portray the experimental evidence showing that propolis has the potential to be a candidate drug for different ailments and improve the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshu Bhargava
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (P.B.); (D.M.); (A.K.); (R.W.)
| | - Debajit Mahanta
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (P.B.); (D.M.); (A.K.); (R.W.)
- DBT-APSCS&T Centre of Excellence for Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Kimin 791121, India
| | - Ashish Kaul
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (P.B.); (D.M.); (A.K.); (R.W.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Ishida
- CycloChem Co., Ltd., 7-4-5 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (Y.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Keiji Terao
- CycloChem Co., Ltd., 7-4-5 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (Y.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (P.B.); (D.M.); (A.K.); (R.W.)
| | - Sunil C. Kaul
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (P.B.); (D.M.); (A.K.); (R.W.)
- Kaul-Tech Co., Ltd., Nagakunidai 3-24, Tsuchiura 300-0810, Japan
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11
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Zhu X, Li R, Wang C, Zhou S, Fan Y, Ma S, Gao D, Gai N, Yang J. Pinocembrin Inhibits the Proliferation and Metastasis of Breast Cancer via Suppression of the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:661184. [PMID: 34336656 PMCID: PMC8322951 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.661184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival rate of breast cancer (BC) patients remains poor, thus the identification of safe and effective new drugs is crucial to improve therapeutic outcomes and overall survival. Pinocembrin (PCB), a pharmacologically active ingredient of Pinus heartwood, Eucalyptus, Euphorbia, Populus, and Sparattosperma leucanthum, has been widely applied for the treatment of various diseases and possesses anticancer activities. In vitro assays were performed to investigate the antiproliferation and antimetastasis activities of PCB in BC cells. A tumorigenesis assay with the use of murine BC models was performed to assess the antiproliferation activities of PCB in vivo. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer activities of PCB in BC cells were explored. The results showed that the anti-inhibitory and antiproliferation activities of PCB in BC might involve cell cycle (G2/M phase) arrest and apoptosis. PCB downregulated the expression levels of proteins involved in cell cycle progression and apoptosis, including cyclinB1, Cdc2, PARP1, Bcl-2, and survivin, and upregulated protein levels of cleaved PARP1, cleaved caspase3, cleaved caspase9, and BAX. In a murine subcutaneous tumor model, PCB suppressed the growth of MCF-7 cells in vivo. Low concentrations of PCB also significantly inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of BC cells. Mechanistically, PCB administration was correlated to suppression of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Inhibition of the proliferation of BC cells by PCB involved cell cycle (G2/M phase) arrest and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Low concentrations of PCB also significantly inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of BC cells. These findings suggest that PCB might be an effective agent for treatment of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbing Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Rongnian Li
- Department of General Surgery, Panjin Liaohe Oilfield Gem Flower Hospital, Panjin, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yujia Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Didi Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Nian Gai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
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12
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Cho H, Kim K, Kim N, Woo M, Kim HY. Effect of propolis phenolic compounds on free fatty acid receptor 4 activation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:579-584. [PMID: 32296569 PMCID: PMC7142188 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is known to have multiple biological and pharmacological properties including the regulation of energy homeostasis. Although phenolic compounds are considered to be the major active components in propolis, there is little information available about their mechanisms underlying the regulation of energy homeostasis. In this study, the effects of five phenolic compounds in propolis, chrysin, pinocembrin, galangin, pinobanksin, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) were evaluated on the activation of free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4), which are involved in the control of energy homeostasis by enhancing insulin signaling, increasing glucose uptake, and regulating adipogenesis. The results showed that three phenolic compounds exhibited the activation of FFA4, which were ranked in the order of pinocembrin, CAPE and pinobanksin in FFA4-expressing cells. These results suggest that some phenolic compounds in propolis, particularly pinocembrin, may affect the control of energy homeostasis via the activation of FFA4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunnho Cho
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Korea
| | - Kyong Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Korea
| | - Minji Woo
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365 Korea
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13
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Liu A, Li K, Xu L, Si M, Teng G, Li G, Xue J, Liang S, Song W. Metformin Delays the Development of Atherosclerosis in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus via the Methylglyoxal Pathway. Diabetes Ther 2020; 11:633-642. [PMID: 31955370 PMCID: PMC7048885 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-020-00761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of our study was to determine the effect of metformin administration on juvenile type 1 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E null (ApoE-/-) mice and to explore the mechanism involved. METHODS Eighteen male ApoE-/- mice were injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes (diabetic group) and 18 mice who received no streptozotocin injection were assigned to the control (non-diabetic) group. Six mice in each group were then orally administered metformin, simvastatin, or vehicle, respectively, following which the mice were euthanized and tissue samples collected. RESULTS Fasting plasma glucose, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in the three diabetic groups than in the three non-diabetic groups. Plasma N∈-(carboxymethyl)lysine and N∈-(carboxyethyl)lysine concentrations were higher in the diabetic mice than in the non-diabetic mice, but metformin treatment reduced these concentrations more effectively than simvastatin. All three diabetic groups demonstrated obvious arterial plaques, but these were largest in the vehicle-treated diabetic group. The expression of extracellular nitric oxide synthase was highest in the simvastatin-treated non-diabetic group, and in diabetic mice it was higher in the simvastatin-treated group than in the other two groups. No significant expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was measured in the three diabetic groups, but a low level of AMPK expression was detected in the non-diabetic groups. CONCLUSIONS Metformin can limit the development of atherosclerosis secondary to diabetes in young diabetic mice. A possible mechanism is the removal of methylglyoxal, thereby reducing the formation of advanced glycation endproducts, rather than by lowering the blood glucose level. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81901106) and Jinan clinical medical science and technology innovation plan (201907002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihong Liu
- Department of Neonatal intensive care unit, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Kailin Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Si
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Teng
- Department of pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Guimei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong People’s Republic of China
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14
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Olas B. Honey and Its Phenolic Compounds as an Effective Natural Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases in Humans? Nutrients 2020; 12:E283. [PMID: 31973186 PMCID: PMC7070389 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey is a sweet, viscous syrup produced by the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It is probably the first natural sweetener ever discovered, and is currently used as a nutritious food supplement and medicinal agent. The aim of the present mini-review is to summarize and update the current knowledge regarding the role of honey in CVDs based on various experimental models. It also describes the role of its phenolic compounds in treating CVDs. Many such phenolic and flavonoid compounds, including quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, and caffeic acid, have antioxidant and anti-platelet potential, and hence may ameliorate cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) through various mechanisms, such as by decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting blood platelet activation. However, as the phenolic content of a particular type of honey is not always known, it can be difficult to determine whether any observed effects on the human cardiovascular system may be associated with the consumption of honey or its constituents. Therefore, further experiments in this area are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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15
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Gao J, Lin S, Gao Y, Zou X, Zhu J, Chen M, Wan H, Zhu H. Pinocembrin inhibits the proliferation and migration and promotes the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells through down-regulating the mRNA levels of N-cadherin and GABAB receptor. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109505. [PMID: 31634778 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no previous study on the effect of pinocembrin on ovarian cancer to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, the effects of pinocembrin on the expression of GABAB1 and GABAB2 genes are not studied before. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate effects of pinocembrin on the growth of ovarian cancer cells and the expression of cadherin and GABAB receptor to explore whether pinocembrin was helpful in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. SKOV3 cells were divided into six groups: Control (blank control), DDP (cisplatin as positive control; cells were incubated with 15 μg/ml DDP), 25 μM (cells were incubated with 25 μM pinocembrin), 50 μM (cells were incubated with 50 μM pinocembrin), 100 μM (cells were incubated with 100 μM pinocembrin), and 200 μM (cells were incubated with 200 μM pinocembrin). CCK8 assay, cell scratch assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining found that when pinocembrin concentration reached 100 μM and the treatment time reached 48 h, pinocembrin could inhibit the cell proliferation and migration and promote the cell apoptosis, and this effect was enhanced with the increase of pinocembrin concentration. Western blotting found that the protein expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, GABAB1 and GABAB2 was not significantly affected by pinocembrin. RT-PCR found that pinocembrin also had no significant influence on the E-cadherin mRNA level, but it could reduce the mRNA levels of N-cadherin, GABAB1 and GABAB2. In conclusion, pinocembrin inhibited the proliferation and migration and promoted the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells through down-regulating the mRNA levels of N-cadherin and GABAB receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.
| | - Shixin Lin
- Postgraduate Department, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.
| | - Yao Gao
- Postgraduate Department, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.
| | - Xia Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- Postgraduate Department, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.
| | - Man Chen
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China.
| | - Hong Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China.
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16
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Su Q, Sun Y, Ye Z, Yang H, Kong B, Li L. Pinocembrin protects endothelial cells from oxidized LDL-induced injury. Cytokine 2018; 111:475-480. [PMID: 29914794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and often causes injury to vascular endothelial cells. We found that pinocembrin, a natural antioxidant found in honey and certain herbs, protects human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) from ox-LDL-induced injury. Pinocembrin suppresses the expression of pro-inflammatory vascular adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8), as well as ROS production induced by ox-LDL. Pinocembrin potently inhibits the attachment of monocytes to HAEC cells. Mechanistically, pinocembrin suppresses activation of the MAPK kinase p38 and NF-κB pathways in the context of ox-LDL. Our data indicate that pinocembrin is a promising versatile natural compound that can protect endothelial cells from injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Su
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Ziliang Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Huafeng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Binghui Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
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17
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Yin M, Liu Q, Yu L, Yang Y, Lu M, Wang H, Luo D, Rong X, Tang F, Guo J. Downregulations of CD36 and Calpain-1, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis by Simvastatin in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. J Vasc Res 2017; 54:123-130. [DOI: 10.1159/000464288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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18
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Ahmed LA, Rizk SM, El-Maraghy SA. Pinocembrin ex vivo preconditioning improves the therapeutic efficacy of endothelial progenitor cells in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 138:193-204. [PMID: 28450224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is still not curable and the available current therapies can only alleviate symptoms without hindering the progression of disease. The present study was directed to investigate the possible modulatory effect of pinocembrin on endothelial progenitor cells transplanted in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Pulmonary hypertension was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (60mg/kg). Endothelial progenitor cells were in vitro preconditioned with pinocembrin (25mg/L) for 30min before being i.v. injected into rats 2weeks after monocrotaline administration. Four weeks after monocrotaline administration, blood pressure, electrocardiography and right ventricular systolic pressure were recorded. Rats were sacrificed and serum was separated for determination of endothelin-1 and asymmetric dimethylarginine levels. Right ventricles and lungs were isolated for estimation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta contents as well as caspase-3 activity. Moreover, protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in addition to myocardial connexin-43 was assessed. Finally, histological analysis of pulmonary arteries, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and right ventricular hypertrophy was performed and cryosections were done for estimation of cell homing. Preconditioning with pinocembrin provided a significant improvement in endothelial progenitor cells' effect towards reducing monocrotaline-induced elevation of inflammatory, fibrogenic and apoptotic markers. Furthermore, preconditioned cells induced a significant amelioration of endothelial markers and cell homing and prevented monocrotaline-induced changes in right ventricular function and histological analysis compared with native cells alone. In conclusion, pinocembrin significantly improves the therapeutic efficacy of endothelial progenitor cells in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Progenitor Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Progenitor Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Progenitor Cells/immunology
- Endothelial Progenitor Cells/transplantation
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Flavanones/therapeutic use
- Graft Rejection/prevention & control
- Heart Ventricles/immunology
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/immunology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/surgery
- Lung/blood supply
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Male
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Random Allocation
- Rats, Wistar
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherine M Rizk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Shohda A El-Maraghy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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19
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Freag MS, Elnaggar YSR, Abdelmonsif DA, Abdallah OY. Layer-by-layer-coated lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles for active tumor targeting of rapamycin. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2975-2996. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This work spotlights on fabrication of CD44-tropic, layer-by-layer (LbL) coated, liquid crystalline nanoparticles of rapamycin (Rap-LbL-LCNPs) to enhance its water solubility and enable its anticancer use. Methods: Rap-LCNPs were fabricated using hydrotrope method and then coated using LbL self-assembly technique. Results: LbL coating strategy successfully reduced monoolein-induced hemolysis and increased LCNPs serum stability. Lyophilized Rap-LbL-LCNPs were successfully sterilized using γ-radiations. In CD44-overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells, Rap-LbL-LCNPs demonstrated superior cytotoxicity compared with the nontargeted formulation. Rap-LbL-LCNPs showed 3.35-fold increase in bioavailability compared with free drug. Rap-LbL-LCNPs significantly inhibited tumor growth, enhanced animal survival and reduced nephrotoxic and hyperglycemic effects of Rap. Conclusion: LbL coating strategy of Rap-LCNPs could serve as a promising approach that facilitates Rap use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- May S Freag
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yosra SR Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Abdelmonsif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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20
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Yao H, Qiao YJ, Zhao YL, Tao XF, Xu LN, Yin LH, Qi Y, Peng JY. Herbal medicines and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6890-6905. [PMID: 27570425 PMCID: PMC4974587 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i30.6890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver of patients who consume little or no alcohol, becomes increasingly common with rapid economic development. Long-term excess fat accumulation leads to NAFLD and represents a global health problem with no effective therapeutic approach. NAFLD is considered to be a series of complex, multifaceted pathological processes involving oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and metabolism. Over the past decades, herbal medicines have garnered growing attention as potential therapeutic agents to prevent and treat NAFLD, due to their high efficacy and low risk of side effects. In this review, we evaluate the use of herbal medicines (including traditional Chinese herbal formulas, crude extracts from medicinal plants, and pure natural products) to treat NAFLD. These herbal medicines are natural resources that can inform innovative drug research and the development of treatments for NAFLD in the future.
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21
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Lan X, Wang W, Li Q, Wang J. The Natural Flavonoid Pinocembrin: Molecular Targets and Potential Therapeutic Applications. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1794-1801. [PMID: 25744566 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pinocembrin is a natural flavonoid compound extracted from honey, propolis, ginger roots, wild marjoram, and other plants. In preclinical studies, it has shown anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects as well as the ability to reduce reactive oxygen species, protect the blood-brain barrier, modulate mitochondrial function, and regulate apoptosis. Considering these pharmaceutical characteristics, pinocembrin has potential as a drug to treat ischemic stroke and other clinical conditions. In this review, we summarize its pharmacologic characteristics and discuss its mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Ross Bldg 370B, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Wenzhu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Ross Bldg 370B, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Ross Bldg 370B, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Ross Bldg 370B, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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22
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Zhu X, Hu S, Zhu L, Ding J, Zhou Y, Li G. Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice following chronic composite psychological stress intervention. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:3445-50. [PMID: 25543669 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic composite psychological stress intervention is the accumulation of factors which may induce psychological stress, including food deprivation, water deprivation and swimming in cold water. Approximately 40% of cases of atherosclerosis are associated with chronic composite psychological stress. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on blood lipid levels and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic mice, following chronic composite psychological stress. A hyperlipidemic mouse model was generated, and the mice were subjected to chronic composite psychological stress and treated with LBP for 30 days. After 30 days the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were measured in the serum, and the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α‑hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were determined in the liver, in order to observe any changes to lipid metabolism. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the liver to evaluate the effects of LBP on oxidative stress. The blood serum levels of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP‑70) were measured to evaluate the extent of the aortic inflammatory response, and to determine the protective effects of LBP. The levels of TG, TC, MDA and IL‑6 were significantly higher in the mice subjected to chronic composite psychological stress (HS), as compared with the mice treated with LBP alone (HL), or treated with LBP and subjected to stress (HLS). In addition, SOD and HSP‑70 levels, and the mRNA expression levels of CYP7A1 were significantly lower in the HS group, as compared with that in the HL and HLS groups. These results suggest that chronic composite psychological stress may promote the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, by inducing the aortic inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, treatment with LBP significantly inhibited oxidative stress and the aortic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Shuting Hu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lingqin Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Juan Ding
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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Chen KS, Shi MD, Chien CS, Shih YW. Pinocembrin suppresses TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells through inactivating αvβ3 integrin/FAK/p38α signaling pathway. Cell Biosci 2014; 4:41. [PMID: 25949790 PMCID: PMC4422197 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-4-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pinocembrin is the most abundant flavonoid in propolis. In this study, we investigated the antimetastatic effect of pinocembrin on TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis of human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells. Results Firstly, the results showed that pinocembrin significantly suppresses the TGF-β1-induced abilities of the invasion and migration of Y-79 cells under non-cytotoxic concentration. Pinocembrin decreased TGF-β1-induced expression of vimentin, N-cadherin, αv and β3 integrin in Y-79 cells. Molecular data also showed pinocembrin inhibits the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and p38α signal involved in the downregulation of enzyme activities, protein and messenger RNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/-9) induced by TGF-β1. Next, pinocembrin also strongly inhibited the degradation of inhibitor of kappaBα (IκBα) and the nuclear levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Also, a dose-dependent inhibition on the binding ability of NF-κB was further observed under pinocembrin treatment. Conclusions Presented results indicated that pinocembrin inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis of Y-79 cells by inactivating the αvβ3 integrin/FAK/p38α signaling pathway. Thus, our findings point to the anticancer potential of pinocembrin against retinoblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Shiang Chen
- Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Shi
- Department of Medical Technology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan 71051, Taiwan ; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology and Graduate Institute of Biological Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sheng Chien
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71067, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Wei Shih
- Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan ; Department of Biological Science and Technology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
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Ethanolic extract of propolis inhibits atherosclerosis in ApoE-knockout mice. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:123. [PMID: 23941539 PMCID: PMC3751253 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) on the development of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE−/− mice. Methods Eight-week-old male ApoE−/− mice fed a high-fat diet were treated with EEP (160 mg/kg/d) or vehicle (the same dose) respectively for 14 weeks. The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were determined by enzymatic methods. Non-HDL-C was calculated as TC minus HDL-C. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), endothelin (ET), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Nitric oxide (NO) content was measured with an enzymatic nitrate reductase assay. Analyses of atherosclerotic lesions in whole aorta and aortic root sections were performed with plaque staining using Oil Red O. Results Compared with the vehicle-treated group, serum contents of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and non-HDL-C reduced significantly by 31.88%, 21.01%, and 27.11% respectively in the EEP-treated group. Administration of EEP decreased the level of IL-6 and increased the level of IL-17 in ApoE−/− mice with a high-fat diet. Compared with the vehicle-treated group,EEP significantly reduced the levels of ET and VEGF,and showed a trend to increase NO and inhibit iNOS. In the ApoE−/− mice fed a high-fat diet, EEP significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion development in the aortic root and whole aorta. Conclusion EEP can inhibit atherosclerotic lesion formation in ApoE−/− mice fed a high-fat diet possibly through modulating cholesterol, regulating inflammatory reaction,inhibiting ET and VEGF, and protecting vascular endothelial cells.
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Parkia speciosa Hassk.: A Potential Phytomedicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:709028. [PMID: 23956777 PMCID: PMC3730359 DOI: 10.1155/2013/709028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkia speciosa Hassk., or stink bean, is a plant indigenous to Southeast Asia. It is consumed either raw or cooked. It has been used in folk medicine to treat diabetes, hypertension, and kidney problems. It contains minerals and vitamins. It displays many beneficial properties. Its extracts from the empty pods and seeds have a high content of total polyphenol, phytosterol, and flavonoids. It demonstrates a good antioxidant activity. Its hypoglycemic effect is reported to be attributable to the presence of β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and stigmast-4-en-3-one. The cyclic polysulfide compounds exhibit antibacterial activity, while thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid possesses anticancer property. The pharmacological properties of the plant extract are described in this review. With ongoing research conducted on the plant extracts, Parkia speciosa has a potential to be developed as a phytomedicine.
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