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Beyond the CNS: The many peripheral roles of APOE. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 138:104809. [PMID: 32087284 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a multifunctional protein synthesized and secreted by multiple mammalian tissues. Although hepatocytes contribute about 75% of the peripheral pool, APOE can also be expressed in adipose tissue, the kidney, and the adrenal glands, among other tissues. High levels of APOE production also occur in the brain, where it is primarily synthesized by glia, and peripheral and brain APOE pools are thought to be distinct. In humans, APOE is polymorphic, with three major alleles (ε2, ε3, and ε4). These allelic forms dramatically alter APOE structure and function. Historically, the vast majority of research on APOE has centered on the important role it plays in modulating risk for cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. However, the established effects of this pleiotropic protein extend well beyond these two critical health challenges, with demonstrated roles across a wide spectrum of biological conditions, including adipose tissue function and obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, fertility and longevity, and immune function. While the spectrum of biological systems in which APOE plays a role seems implausibly wide at first glance, there are some potential unifying mechanisms that could tie these seemingly disparate disorders together. In the current review, we aim to concisely summarize a wide breadth of APOE-associated pathologies and to analyze the influence of APOE in the development of several distinct disorders in order to provide insight into potential shared mechanisms implied in these various pathophysiological processes.
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Hassan NE, El Ashmawi AA, El-Masry SA, Zarouk WA, Mira MF, El-Saeed GS, Dwidar OH. Metabolic syndrome in a sample of Egyptian adolescent girls and its association with apolipoprotein E. J Paediatr Child Health 2019; 55:1344-1350. [PMID: 30895669 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Obesity and its metabolic complications are increasing in childhood and extend to adulthood. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a sample of Egyptian adolescent girls and investigate its association with apolipoprotein E. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used, including 200 Egyptian adolescent girls aged between 12 and 18 years. They were subjected to blood pressure (BP) measurement, anthropometric measurements (weight, height and waist circumference (WC)), laboratory investigations (fasting glucose and lipid profile) and molecular analysis (Apo E). RESULTS Overweight/obese girls were suffering significantly, more than normal-weight girls, from hypertension (66.7 vs. 40.8%), diabetes diagnosed by elevated fasting blood glucose (46.7 vs. 31.2%) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (64 vs. 59.2%). Girls with MS had significantly higher values of body mass index Z-score, WC, BP, cholesterol and triglycerides and significantly lower HDL. Allele E3 (59.1 vs. 55.1%) was more frequent among girls with MS, while allele E4 (41 vs. 36.4) was more frequent among girls without MS. MS was the most prominent among girls with the E3/E4 genotype (35.7%), who had the highest frequency of elevated cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and blood glucose, while girls with the E2/E4 genotype, which was rare among both groups, had the highest frequency of elevated BP (68.8%) and low HDL (71.4%). CONCLUSION MS was significantly more prominent among overweight/obese adolescent girls with the E3/E4 genotype, who had the highest frequency of disturbed lipid profile and blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayera E Hassan
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sahar A El-Masry
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Waheba A Zarouk
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetics Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa F Mira
- Pediatrics Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamila Sm El-Saeed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar H Dwidar
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Oliveira JS, Boery RNSDO. An integrative review of associations between polymorphic variants and the metabolic syndrome. J Vasc Bras 2018; 17:141-147. [PMID: 30377424 PMCID: PMC6205710 DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.007917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, i.e. of each of its components, is complex and has not been entirely elucidated. As a result, it is very difficult to establish a definition of which clinical factors are the most important determinants of its development. The objective of this review is to describe Brazilian scientific research investigating associations between the metabolic syndrome and genetic factors. We selected fifteen studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our analysis revealed that there is a modest volume of Brazilian studies investigating relationships between genes, their polymorphic variants and the metabolic syndrome and its risk factors. Therefore, more studies are needed to better understand the biological roles played by genetic polymorphisms and their relationships with metabolic syndrome or its risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamille Silva Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - UESB, Programa de Pós-graduação em Enfermagem e Saúde - PPGES, Jequié, BA, Brasil
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El Ashmawi AA, Hassan NE, Zarouk WA, Mira MF, Khalil A, El-Masry SA, El-Saeed GS, El Hussieny MS, Dwidar OH. Mother-daughter genetic relationship in central obesity. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epag.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Fallaize R, Carvalho-Wells AL, Tierney AC, Marin C, Kieć-Wilk B, Dembińska-Kieć A, Drevon CA, DeFoort C, Lopez-Miranda J, Risérus U, Saris WH, Blaak EE, Roche HM, Lovegrove JA. APOE genotype influences insulin resistance, apolipoprotein CII and CIII according to plasma fatty acid profile in the Metabolic Syndrome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6274. [PMID: 28740125 PMCID: PMC5524844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic markers associated with the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) may be affected by interactions between the APOE genotype and plasma fatty acids (FA). In this study, we explored FA-gene interactions between the missense APOE polymorphisms and FA status on metabolic markers in MetS. Plasma FA, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and lipid concentrations were determined at baseline and following a 12-week randomized, controlled, parallel, dietary FA intervention in 442 adults with MetS (LIPGENE study). FA-APOE gene interactions at baseline and following change in plasma FA were assessed using adjusted general linear models. At baseline E4 carriers had higher plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (apo B) compared with E2 carriers; and higher TC, LDL-C and apo B compared with E3/E3. Whilst elevated plasma n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) was associated with a beneficially lower concentration of apo CIII in E2 carriers, a high proportion of plasma C16:0 was associated with insulin resistance in E4 carriers. Following FA intervention, a reduction in plasma long-chain n-3 PUFA was associated with a reduction in apo CII concentration in E2 carriers. Our novel data suggest that individuals with MetS may benefit from personalized dietary interventions based on APOE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind Fallaize
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Andrew L Carvalho-Wells
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Audrey C Tierney
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, University College Dublin Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carmen Marin
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Beata Kieć-Wilk
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aldona Dembińska-Kieć
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - José Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wim H Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+) Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+) Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, University College Dublin Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
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Wang Y, Wang N, Lu Y, Yu Q, Zhou L, Xu Q. Detection of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and Blood Lipid Level in Hemodialysis Patients. J Clin Med Res 2017; 9:695-700. [PMID: 28725318 PMCID: PMC5505306 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3046e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim was to investigate the clinical characteristics of lipid metabolism and the effect of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism on lipid metabolism in hemodialysis patients. Methods The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), ApoA1, ApoB, ApoE and lipoprotein Lp(a) were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length (PCR-RFLP). Results The level of serum TG was significantly increased and the level of HDLC was significantly decreased in hemodialysis patients. Serum TG level was 33% higher than normal, and HDLC was 10.4% less than normal. The correlation analysis showed that TG level was significantly correlated with serum albumin level and extracorporeal circulation blood flow during dialysis. HDLC was significantly correlated with KT/V. The incidence of hypertension in hemodialysis patients was 73.6% and cardiovascular disease was 25%. The level of TG in the cardiovascular disease group was significantly higher than that in the non-cardiovascular disease group, and there was no significant difference between the hypertensive group and the non-hypertensive group. ApoE gene polymorphism test showed that the frequency of ApoE genotype ε3/3 and allele ε3 was the highest in hemodialysis patients, and the levels of TC, TG and LDLC were higher in ApoE genotype ε3/4 + ε4/4. Conclusion The levels of serum TG and ApoB were significantly increased in patients with hemodialysis, and HDLC and other indexes were significantly decreased. The level of TG in patients with cardiovascular complications was significantly higher than in patients without complications. TG level was significantly correlated with serum albumin level and extracorporeal circulation blood flow during dialysis. HDLC was significantly correlated with KT/V. Hemodialysis patients who had ApoE allele ε4 are prone to lipid metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The No.2 Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ning Wang
- The Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yuanshan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The No.2 Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qinjun Xu
- Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200080, China
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Mastroianno S, Di Stolfo G, Seripa D, Pacilli MA, Paroni G, Coli C, Urbano M, d’Arienzo C, Gravina C, Potenza DR, De Luca G, Greco A, Russo A. Role of the APOE polymorphism in carotid and lower limb revascularization: A prospective study from Southern Italy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171055. [PMID: 28249002 PMCID: PMC5332070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial disease and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism has been associated to vascular complications of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between the APOE genotypes and advanced peripheral vascular disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS 258 consecutive patients (201 males and 57 females, mean age 70.83 ± 7.89 years) with severe PVD were enrolled in a 42-months longitudinal study (mean 31.65 ± 21.11 months) for major adverse cardiovascular events. At follow-up genotypes of the APOE polymorphism were investigated in blinded fashion. RESULTS As compared with ε3/ε3, in ε4-carriers a significant higher incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (35.58% vs. 20.79%; p = 0.025) and total peripheral revascularization (22.64% vs. 5.06%; p < 0.001) was observed. Prospective analysis, showed that ε4-carriers have an increased hazard ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events (adjusted HR 1.829, 95% CI 1.017-3.287; p = 0.044) and total peripheral revascularization (adjusted HR = 5.916, 95% CI 2.405-14.554, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS The ε4 allele seems to be risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events, and in particular for total peripheral revascularization in patients with advanced atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mastroianno
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiological and Vascular Department, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Stolfo
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiological and Vascular Department, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Antonio Pacilli
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiological and Vascular Department, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giulia Paroni
- Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carlo Coli
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiological and Vascular Department, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Urbano
- Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carmela d’Arienzo
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiological and Vascular Department, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carolina Gravina
- Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Domenico Rosario Potenza
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiological and Vascular Department, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Luca
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiological and Vascular Department, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Aldo Russo
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiological and Vascular Department, I.R.C.C.S. “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
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Gui Y, Chu N, Qiu X, Tang W, Gober HJ, Li D, Wang L. 17-β-estradiol up-regulates apolipoprotein genes expression during osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Biosci Trends 2016; 10:140-51. [PMID: 27074899 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoproteins are of great physiological importance and are associated with different diseases. Many independent studies of patterns of gene expression during osteoblast differentiation have been described, and some apolipoproteins have been induced during this process. 17-β-estradiol (E2) may enhance osteoblast physiological function. However, no studies have indicated whether E2 can modulate the expression of apolipoproteins during osteoblast differentiation in vitro. The aim of the current study was to observe the regulation of apolipoprotein mRNA expression by E2 during this process. Primary osteoblasts were collected from the calvaria of newborn mice and were subjected to osteoblast differentiation in vitro with serial concentrations of E2. RNA was isolated on days 0, 5, and 25 of differentiation. Real-time PCR was performed to analyze the levels of apolipoprotein mRNA. Results showed that during osteoblast differentiation all of the apolipoprotein genes were up-regulated by E2 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, only ApoE was strongly induced during the mineralization of cultured osteoblasts. This result suggests that ApoE might be involved in osteoblast differentiation. The hypothesis is that E2 promotes osteoblast differentiation by up-regulating ApoE gene expression, though further study is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Gui
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
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Tyndall AV, Argourd L, Sajobi TT, Davenport MH, Forbes SC, Gill SJ, Parboosingh JS, Anderson TJ, Wilson BJ, Smith EE, Hogan DB, Hill MD, Poulin MJ. Cardiometabolic risk factors predict cerebrovascular health in older adults: results from the Brain in Motion study. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:e12733. [PMID: 27117804 PMCID: PMC4848715 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and physical inactivity are associated with an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). With the rising prevalence of MetS, it is important to determine the extent to which it affects cerebrovascular health. The primary purpose of this report is to examine the impact of MetS on cerebrovascular health (resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) peak velocity (V¯P), cerebrovascular conductance (CVC), and CBF responses to hypercapnia) in healthy older adults with normal cognition. A secondary goal was to examine the influence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 expression on these indices. In a sample of 258 healthy men and women older than 53 years, 29.1% met criteria for MetS. MetS, sex, and age were found to be significant predictors of CVC, and V¯P, MetS, and APOE status were significant predictors of V¯P-reactivity, and CVC-reactivity was best predicted by MetS status. After controlling for these factors, participants with MetS demonstrated lower cerebrovascular measures (CVC, V¯P, CVC-reactivity, and V¯P-reactivity) compared to participants without MetS. APOE ε4 carriers had higher V¯P-reactivity than noncarriers. These results provide evidence that cardiometabolic and vascular risk factors clustered together as the MetS predict measures of cerebrovascular health indices in older adults. Higher V¯P-reactivity in APOE ε4 carriers suggests vascular compensation for deleterious effects of this known risk allele for Alzheimer's disease and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda V Tyndall
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Laurie Argourd
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tolulope T Sajobi
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Margie H Davenport
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Stephanie J Gill
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jillian S Parboosingh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T3B 6A8, Canada
| | - Todd J Anderson
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ben J Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Eric E Smith
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - David B Hogan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Michael D Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Marc J Poulin
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Lückhoff HK, Kidd M, van Rensburg SJ, van Velden DP, Kotze MJ. Apolipoprotein E genotyping and questionnaire-based assessment of lifestyle risk factors in dyslipidemic patients with a family history of Alzheimer's disease: test development for clinical application. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:213-24. [PMID: 26481640 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The cholesterol-raising properties of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon-4 (ε-4) allele has been validated in the South African population. Mounting evidence supports the added value of APOE genotyping for the evaluation of cardiovascular risk in dyslipidemic patients beyond its established role in the diagnosis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to determine the potential benefits of combining AD family history with questionnaire-based lifestyle assessment to facilitate the clinical interpretation of APOE genotyping results. A total of 580 unrelated South African individuals prospectively enrolled in a chronic disease screening program incorporating a genetic component (2010-2015) was selected for inclusion in this study based on the presence (75) or absence (505) of AD family history. Biochemical assessment of their lipid profiles was performed according to standard laboratory protocols. All study participants were genotyped for the APOE ε-2/ε-3/ε-4 alleles using allele-specific TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction technology. In patients without a family history of AD, APOE genotype modified the relationship between alcohol intake and body mass index (p = 0.026), with a significant positive correlation noted between these parameters being limited to ε-4 allele carriers. APOE genotype also modified the association between alcohol intake and total serum cholesterol in patients with a positive family history of AD (p = 0.026). We demonstrated the benefits of a questionnaire-based approach for assessment of lifestyle risk factors to facilitate clinical interpretation of APOE genotyping results for targeted intervention in a genetic subgroup of dyslipidemic patients at increased risk for AD.
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Apolipoprotein E polymorphism modulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine in hypertensive patients is determined by renal function. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:14. [PMID: 26790728 PMCID: PMC4719742 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction is considered an early step of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), the main endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), plays a critical role in the process of atherosclerosis in a uremic environment. Increased plasma ADMA not only works as a cardiovascular morbidity biomarker but it is also involved in the genesis of atherosclerosis in renal disease. Considering the relationships of apolipoprotein E(ApoE) polymorphism with LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and coronary risk, it is possible that it brings on susceptibility to endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis seen on uremia. Methods Six hundred twenty patients were stratified according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKDEPI) formula: group I > 60 mL/min, group II ≤ 60 mL/min and > 15 mL/min, and group III ≤ 15 mL/min or in hemodialysis. Polymorphic ApoE analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction amplification (PCR). Plasma ADMA levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Groups were compared on clinical and laboratory characteristics as well as allele and genotype distribution towards. Results The ε2 allele of ApoE was present in 62 (10.3 %) patients, ε3 allele in 581 (96.2 %), and ε4 allele in 114 (18.9 %). Their distribution among the 3 groups was uniform. Such uniformity was not observed when we considered endothelial function measured by asymmetric dimethylarginine. In group III, the frequency of ε4 allele was significantly lower in the third tertile compared with the first tertile (14.7 versus 53.3 %, P = 0.000; Pearson chi-square). In groups I and II, there was no difference in allele frequency according to ADMA levels. This association remained significant even after confouding factors corrections (OR 0.329, 95 % CI 0.155 - 0.699, P = 0.004). Conclusions The results of this study shows that the frequency of ε4 allele of ApoE is significantly lower among hypertensive patients on hemodialysis with the highest levels of ADMA. Uremia is capable of determining lower plasma ADMA levels in hypertensive ε4 allele carriers.
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Torres-Perez E, Ledesma M, Garcia-Sobreviela MP, Leon-Latre M, Arbones-Mainar JM. Apolipoprotein E4 association with metabolic syndrome depends on body fatness. Atherosclerosis 2015; 245:35-42. [PMID: 26691908 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The human Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is polymorphic. The APOE*4 allele is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and could contribute to the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) as it may affect all MetS components. We hypothesize that the common APOE4 polymorphism differentially regulates MetS risk and that this association might be modulated by body fatness. METHODS & RESULTS We used body mass index (BMI) as surrogate of fatness and cross-sectionally studied the prevalence of MetS in 4408 middle-aged men of the Aragon Workers Health Study (AWHS). Our analysis revealed i) a gene dose-dependent association between APOE*4 allele and increased risk for MetS, ii) this association primarily derived from the overweight subjects. For these individuals, the MetS risk was higher in APOE*4 carriers than in non-carriers (Odds Ratio = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03-1.67). Additionally, we examined 3908 healthy young individuals from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort, followed-up for 25 years. Compared with APOE*4 non-carriers, APOE*4 presence significantly increased the risk of developing MetS (Hazard Ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00-1.26). Again, an interplay between APOE*4 and the longitudinal development of fatness towards the onset of MetS occurred throughout the study. For individuals with BMI gain below the median, the cumulative onset rate of MetS was significantly higher in APOE*4 carriers than in the non-carriers (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.07-1.55). CONCLUSIONS Carrying APOE*4 alleles increases MetS in a dose-dependent manner, characterizing individual's APOE genotype might help identify at-risk subjects for preventive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Torres-Perez
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; Unidad de Prevención Cardiovascular, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Garcia-Sobreviela
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Leon-Latre
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; Unidad de Prevención Cardiovascular, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Barbalho SM, Bechara MD, Quesada K, Gabaldi MR, Goulart RDA, Tofano RJ, Gasparini RG. Síndrome metabólica, aterosclerose e inflamação: tríade indissociável? J Vasc Bras 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.04315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Observa-se, nas populações mundiais, aumento do sedentarismo e aumento do consumo de gorduras e açúcares, sendo estes vinculados normalmente aos alimentos industrializados. A consequência disso rapidamente se manifestou no aumento do sobrepeso/obesidade e na instalação de alterações fisiológicas e metabólicas, como a Síndrome Metabólica, que é representada por alterações na glicemia, nos lipídeos e na pressão arterial. Há evidências de ligação estreita entre estas alterações e os processos inflamatórios, que também podem estar associados ao estresse oxidativo. Estas condições levam à patogênese das alterações vasculares ou intensificam os processos metabólicos que acompanham a Síndrome Metabólica. O objetivo desta revisão foi comparar as inúmeras referências literárias que mostram correlação entre os componentes da Síndrome Metabólica e o aumento dos mediadores de inflamação. Para isso, utilizou-se Pubmed, Scopus, Lilacs e Scielo como base de dados, sendo que os artigos selecionados dataram principalmente dos últimos cinco anos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Universidade de Marília, Brasil; Faculdade de Tecnologia de Alimentos de Marília, Brasil
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