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Park S, Kang S. Alcohol, Carbohydrate, and Calcium Intakes and Smoking Interactions with APOA5 rs662799 and rs2266788 were Associated with Elevated Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations in a Cross-Sectional Study of Korean Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:1318-1329.e1. [PMID: 32335043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations are markedly higher among Asians, which may be associated with the interaction of genetics and lifestyle factors. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic variants that have a strong association with plasma TG concentrations from genome-wide association study and to identify lifestyle interactions with the genetic variants that are associated with dyslipidemia in a cohort of Korean adults. DESIGN Korean genome and epidemiology study utilized a cross-sectional design of Koreans to determine genetic variants and lifestyle factors, including nutrient intakes, in a retrospective hospital-based city cohort conducted by the Korean Center for Disease and Control during 2004-2013. PARTICIPANTS Korean adults aged 40 to 77 years were participants (n=28,445). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The genetic variants that influence plasma TG concentrations were selected by genome-wide association study using an allele genetic model after adjusting for age, sex, area of residence, and body mass index. Lipid profiles and nutrient intakes from food frequency questionnaires were measured. The interactions between the single nucleotide polymorphisms and lifestyle factors were determined to influence plasma TG levels. RESULTS Carrying the minor alleles of APOA5 rs662799 and rs2266788 had an association with higher plasma TG concentrations by 1.86- and 1.51-fold, respectively, compared with those with the major allele (P=8.89E-150 and P=4.75E-68, respectively). Sex had an interaction with these single nucleotide polymorphisms, with males having higher plasma TG concentrations. The single nucleotide polymorphisms had significant interactions with carbohydrate, fat, and calcium intakes; alcohol consumption; and smoking status that were associated with plasma TG concentrations. Carriers with the minor allele of each single nucleotide polymorphisms had higher plasma TG concentrations when consuming-low fat (<15%) and high carbohydrate (≥72%) diets than those with major alleles. Carriers of the minor alleles with low calcium intakes (<500 mg/day) experienced elevated plasma TG concentrations compared with carriers of the major alleles. Smokers and alcohol drinkers with either of the minor alleles of APOA5, rs662799 or rs2266788, had higher plasma TG concentrations than those with its major allele. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that carrying the minor alleles of APOA5 rs662799 and rs2266788, especially for men, was associated with elevated TG concentrations and suggested that Korean carriers of the minor alleles could be at increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia. Further research is needed to investigate the efficacy of modulating lifestyle factors to prevent dyslipidemia in people carrying the minor alleles of APOA5 rs662799 and rs2266788.
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Valente-Frossard TNS, Cruz NRC, Ferreira FO, Belisario AR, Pereira BM, Gomides AFDF, Resende GAD, Carlos AM, Moraes-Souza H, Velloso-Rodrigues C. Polymorphisms in genes that affect the variation of lipid levels in a Brazilian pediatric population with sickle cell disease: rs662799 APOA5 and rs964184 ZPR1. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2019; 80:102376. [PMID: 31670185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2019.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigated associations between SNPs in metabolizing lipid genes, alpha-thalassemia and laboratory parameters in two forms of sickle cell disease (SCD), sickle cell anemia (SCA) and hemoglobin SC disease (HbSC) in a pediatric population. Among the groups SCA and HbSC was found a higher proportion of increased triglycerides (TG) in SCA. High levels of TG were significantly associated with lower hemoglobin (p = 0.006) and HDL-C (p = 0.037), higher white blood cell count (p = 0.027), LDH (p = 0.004) and bilirubins (p < 0.05) in SCD. Patients with HDL-C ≤40 mg/dL had higher markers hemolytic levels. Therapy of HU significantly influenced several hematological and biochemical parameters but not lipid fractions. Genotypes of the APOA5 rs662799 were not associated with lipid levels. The G-risk allele rs964184/ZPRI ZNF259/ZPR1 gene (GC + GG genotypes) was associated with increased levels of TG in children ≥10 years old (p = 0.045) and the atherogenic ratio TG/HDL-C (p = 0.032) in SCD. The use of HU improves levels of hemolysis and inflammation markers in SCD with high TG and, while not interfering with lipid levels, seems to overlap the effect of the G-risk allele in on them. This study reported for the first time that rs964184 SNP could be a genetic modifier of TG in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaisa Netto Souza Valente-Frossard
- Departments of Basic Science of Life, Institute of Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nilcemar Rodrigues Carvalho Cruz
- Departments of Nutrition, Institute of Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Oliveira Ferreira
- Departments of Basic Science of Life, Institute of Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Brisa Machado Pereira
- Departments of Basic Science of Life, Institute of Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antônio Frederico de Freitas Gomides
- Departments of Basic Science of Life, Institute of Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Menezes Carlos
- Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Uberaba Regional Blood Center, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helio Moraes-Souza
- Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Uberaba Regional Blood Center, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cibele Velloso-Rodrigues
- Departments of Basic Science of Life, Institute of Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Bai W, Kou C, Zhang L, You Y, Yu W, Hua W, Li Y, Yu Y, Zhao T, Wu Y. Functional polymorphisms of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5-ZPR1-BUD13 gene cluster are associated with dyslipidemia in a sex-specific pattern. PeerJ 2019; 6:e6175. [PMID: 30631647 PMCID: PMC6322487 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia contributes to the risk of many diseases, including stroke, cardiovascular disease and metabolic-related diseases. Previous studies have indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with different levels of serum lipid. Therefore, this study explored the relationship between the APOA1/C3/A4/A5-ZPR1-BUD13 gene cluster gene polymorphisms and dyslipidemia in the total sample population and stratified by genders in a northeast Chinese population. Methods A total of 3,850 participants from Jilin Province, China, were enrolled in our study, and their serum lipid levels were measured. Six functional SNPs (APOA1 rs5072, APOC3 rs5128, APOA4 rs5104, APOA5 rs651821, ZPR1 rs2075294 and BUD13 rs10488698) were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and MALDI-TOF-MS. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the relationship of APOA1/C3/A4/A5-ZPR1-BUD13 gene cluster gene polymorphisms with dyslipidemia. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analyses were performed with the SNPStats program and Haploview software. Results All SNPs conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Logistic regression analysis revealed that rs5072, rs5128 and rs651821 were associated with hypertriglyceridemia, rs5104 and rs651821 were associated with low-HDL cholesterolemia in overall group. rs651821 was associated with hypertriglyceridemia and low-HDL cholesterolemia in both the male and female group. However, among females, rs5072 was observed to be associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Haplotype analysis showed that haplotypes TGCCGC and CAGCGC were associated with dyslipidemia in the overall, male and female groups. Conclusion SNPs in the APOA1/C3/A4/A5-ZPR1-BUD13 gene cluster were associated with dyslipidemia. Furthermore, the association of APOA1 rs5072 in this gene cluster with dyslipidemia differed between genders; thus, additional studies are needed to confirm this conclusion, and the mechanisms underlying these results warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Changgui Kou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yueyue You
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Weiying Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wanqing Hua
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yaqin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhao
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Jasim AA, Al-Bustan SA, Al-Kandari W, Al-Serri A, AlAskar H. Sequence Analysis of APOA5 Among the Kuwaiti Population Identifies Association of rs2072560, rs2266788, and rs662799 With TG and VLDL Levels. Front Genet 2018; 9:112. [PMID: 29686695 PMCID: PMC5900548 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variants of Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) have been associated with lipid levels yet very few studies have reported full sequence data from various ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to analyse the full APOA5 gene sequence to identify variants in 100 healthy Kuwaitis of Arab ethnicities and assess their association with variation in lipid levels in a cohort of 733 samples. Sanger method was used in the direct sequencing of the full 3.7 Kb APOA5 and multiple sequence alignment was used to identify variants. The complete APOA5 sequence in Kuwaiti Arabs has been deposited in GenBank (KJ401315). A total of 20 reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Two novel SNPs were also identified: a synonymous 2197G>A polymorphism at genomic position 116661525 and a 3′ UTR 3222 C>T polymorphism at genomic position 116660500 based on human genome assembly GRCh37/hg:19. Five SNPs along with the two novel SNPs were selected for validation in the cohort. Association of those SNPs with lipid levels was tested and minor alleles of three SNPs (rs2072560, rs2266788, and rs662799) were found significantly associated with TG and VLDL levels. This is the first study to report the full APOA5 sequence and SNPs in an Arab ethnic group. Analysis of the variants identified and comparison to other populations suggests a distinctive genetic component in Arabs. The positive association observed for rs2072560 and rs2266788 with TG and VLDL levels confirms their role in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfal A Jasim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Suzanne A Al-Bustan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Wafa Al-Kandari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Ahmad Al-Serri
- Human Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Huda AlAskar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
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Lee JS, Cheong HS, Shin HD. Prediction of cholesterol ratios within a Korean population. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171204. [PMID: 29410832 PMCID: PMC5792909 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol ratios (total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglyceride (TG)/HDL-c) have been suggested as better indicators to predict various clinical features such as insulin resistance and heart disease. Therefore, we aimed to build a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set to predict constitutional lipid metabolism. The genotype data of 7795 samples were obtained from the Korea Association Resource. Among the total of 7795 samples, 7016 subjects were used to perform 10-fold cross-validation. We selected the SNPs that showed significance constantly throughout all 10 cross-validation sets; another 779 samples were used as the final validation set. After performing the 10-fold cross-validation, the six SNPs (rs4420638 (APOC1), rs12421652 (BUD13), rs17411126 (LPL), rs6589566 (ZPR1), rs16940212 (LOC101928635) and rs10852765 (ABCA8)) were finally selected for predicting cholesterol ratios. The weighted genetic risk scores (wGRS) were calculated based on the regression slopes of the six selected SNPs. Our results showed upward trends of wGRS for both the TC/HDL-c and TG/HDL-c ratios within the 10-fold cross-validation. Similarly, the wGRS of the six SNPs also showed upward trends in analyses using the SNP selection set and final validation set. The selected six SNPs can be used to explain both the TC/HDL-c and TG/HDL-c ratios. Our results may be useful for the prospective predictions of cholesterol-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Baekbumro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sub Cheong
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc., Taihard building 1007, Sogang University, Baekbumro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Doo Shin
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Baekbumro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 121-742, Republic of Korea
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc., Taihard building 1007, Sogang University, Baekbumro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Association of apolipoprotein A5 gene variants with metabolic syndrome in Tunisian population. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Guardiola M, Ribalta J. Update on APOA5 Genetics: Toward a Better Understanding of Its Physiological Impact. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2017; 19:30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-017-0665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Kaakinen M, Mägi R, Fischer K, Heikkinen J, Järvelin MR, Morris AP, Prokopenko I. MARV: a tool for genome-wide multi-phenotype analysis of rare variants. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:110. [PMID: 28209135 PMCID: PMC5311849 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have enabled identification of thousands of loci for hundreds of traits. Yet, for most human traits a substantial part of the estimated heritability is unexplained. This and recent advances in technology to produce high-dimensional data cost-effectively have led to method development beyond standard common variant analysis, including single-phenotype rare variant and multi-phenotype common variant analysis, with the latter increasing power for locus discovery and providing suggestions of pleiotropic effects. However, there are currently no optimal methods and tools for the combined analysis of rare variants and multiple phenotypes. RESULTS We propose a user-friendly software tool MARV for Multi-phenotype Analysis of Rare Variants. The tool is based on a method that collapses rare variants within a genomic region and models the proportion of minor alleles in the rare variants on a linear combination of multiple phenotypes. MARV provides analyses of all phenotype combinations within one run and calculates the Bayesian Information Criterion to facilitate model selection. The running time increases with the size of the genetic data while the number of phenotypes to analyse has little effect both on running time and required memory. We illustrate the use of MARV with analysis of triglycerides (TG), fasting insulin (FI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in 4,721 individuals from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. The analysis suggests novel multi-phenotype effects for these metabolic traits at APOA5 and ZNF259, and at ZNF259 provides stronger support for association (P TG+FI = 1.8 × 10-9) than observed in single phenotype rare variant analyses (P TG = 6.5 × 10-8 and P FI = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS MARV is a computationally efficient, flexible and user-friendly software tool allowing rapid identification of rare variant effects on multiple phenotypes, thus paving the way for novel discoveries and insights into biology of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Kaakinen
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010 Estonia
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010 Estonia
| | - Jani Heikkinen
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN UK
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing (NEA) Research Unit, Imperial College London, London, W6 8RP UK
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN UK
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Ajjemami M, Ouatou S, Charoute H, Fakiri M, Rhaissi H, Benrahma H, Rouba H, Barakat A. Haplotype analysis of the Apolipoprotein A5 gene in Moroccan patients with the metabolic syndrome. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:29. [PMID: 25909077 PMCID: PMC4407873 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this case-control study we investigated the relative contribution of commons APOA5 polymorphisms and haplotypes to the risk of metabolic syndrome in Moroccan patients. METHODS Using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria for metabolic syndrome, the study included 176 patients and 105 controls. We genotyped APOA5 polymorphisms (-1131 T > C, c.56C > G, c.553G > T and c.1259 T > C) by PCR-RFLP analysis. The effects of APOA5 polymorphisms and constructed haplotypes on metabolic syndrome were estimated using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The statistical analysis showed a significant association between APOA5 -1131 T > C and APOA5 c.56C > G polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome in both Codominant and Dominant models. The APOA5 -1131 T > C polymorphism was associated with increased fasting glucose (p = 0.0295) and reduced HDL levels (p = 0.0091). Carriers of the APOA5 c.56G allele had increased triglyceride levels (p = 0.0435) and waist circumference (p = 0.0122). Similarly the APOA5 1259 T > C variant was associated with increased waist circumference (p = 0.0463). The haplotypes CCGT (OR = 3.223; p = 0.00278) and CGGT (OR = 8.234; p = 0.00534) were significantly associated with susceptibility to metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirms the association of APOA5 -1131 T > C and c.56C > G variants with the predisposition to metabolic syndrome complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ajjemami
- Département de Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sanaa Ouatou
- Département de Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hicham Charoute
- Département de Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco ; Univ Hassan 1, Laboratoire Agroalimentaire et Santé, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Malika Fakiri
- Univ Hassan 1, Laboratoire Agroalimentaire et Santé, 26000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Houria Rhaissi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des sciences Ben M'Sik, Université Hassan II, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Houda Benrahma
- Département de Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hassan Rouba
- Département de Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelhamid Barakat
- Département de Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
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Coker RH, Deutz NE, Schutzler S, Beggs M, Miller S, Wolfe RR, Wei J. Nutritional Supplementation with Essential Amino Acids and Phytosterols May Reduce Risk for Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease in Overweight Individuals with Mild Hyperlipidemia. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY, DIABETES & OBESITY 2015; 3:1069. [PMID: 26726312 PMCID: PMC4696774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance are risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. We have previously observed that supplementation with essential amino acids (EAA) could lower plasma triglycerides, and may improve glucose metabolism. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether EAA's combined with whey protein and phytosterols would facilitate improvements in plasma lipids and insulin sensitivity in adults with mild hypertriglyceridemia. DESIGN We enrolled nine subjects who were 50 years or older, had a documented plasma TG >150 mg/dl, and had not recently taken statin medications (within 6 weeks). Each subject served as his or her own control. These individuals underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after four weeks consumption of the oral nutritional supplement without dietary counseling or recommendations for physical activity. RESULTS Plasma total cholesterol and LDL levels decreased in all nine volunteers (P<0.005 for cholesterol and P<0.02 for LDL). In six of these individuals, plasma triglycerides (TG) fell by 95±13 mg/dl (P=0.007); while the other three showed no TG reduction. Genotyping revealed that in two of the three individuals that did not have TG reduction in response to the nutritional supplementation. Insulin sensitivity (ISI) and the total AUCins/glucose were significantly reduced by leucine/EAAs and phytosterol supplementation (P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a dietary supplementation of EAAs and phytosterols may promote favorable reductions of blood lipids as well as insulin resistance in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia. Future larger studies of SNPs and TG response to dietary supplements will be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Coker
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, USA
| | | | - Scott Schutzler
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA
| | | | - Sharon Miller
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA
| | - Robert R. Wolfe
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA
| | - Jeanne Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA
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