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Jiang J, Cheng R, Song A, Lou Y, Fan G. Multi-omics analysis reveals mechanism of Schisandra chinensis lignans and acteoside on EMT in hepatoma cells via ERK1/2 pathway. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:112. [PMID: 38849609 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a globally common cancer, often presents late and shows high resistance to chemotherapy, resulting in suboptimal treatment efficacy. Components from traditional Chinese medicines have been recognized for their anti-cancer properties. OBJECTIVE Exploring the mechanism of Schisandra chinensis lignans and acteoside in suppressing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in hepatoma cells through the Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinases (ERK)1/2 pathway and identifying biomarkers, molecular subtypes, and targets via multi-omics for precision oncology. METHODS Proliferation was assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, with scratch and transwell assays for evaluating invasion and migration. Flow cytometry quantified apoptosis rates. Expression levels of CCL20, p-ERK1/2, c-Myc, Vimentin, and E-cadherin/N-cadherin were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot. Tumor volume was calculated with a specific formula, and growth. RESULTS The Schisandra chinensis lignans and acteoside combination decreased CCL20 expression, inhibited hepatoma proliferation and migration, and enhanced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Molecular analysis revealed increased E-cadherin and decreased N-cadherin, p-ERK1/2, c-Myc, and Vimentin expression, indicating ERK1/2 pathway modulation. In vivo, treated nude mice showed significantly reduced tumor growth and volume. CONCLUSION Schisandra chinensis lignans and acteoside potentially counteract CCL20-induced EMT, invasion, and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the ERK1/2 pathway, enhancing apoptosis. Multi-omics analysis further aids in pinpointing novel biomarkers for precision cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Ru Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Aoqi Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Yuefen Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
| | - Guorong Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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2
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Sarker B, Matiur Rahaman M, Alamin MH, Ariful Islam M, Nurul Haque Mollah M. Boosting edgeR (Robust) by dealing with missing observations and gene-specific outliers in RNA-Seq profiles and its application to explore biomarker genes for diagnosis and therapies of ovarian cancer. Genomics 2024; 116:110834. [PMID: 38527595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The edgeR (Robust) is a popular approach for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from RNA-Seq profiles. However, it shows weak performance against gene-specific outliers and is unable to handle missing observations. To address these issues, we proposed a pre-processing approach of RNA-Seq count data by combining the iLOO-based outlier detection and random forest-based missing imputation approach for boosting the performance of edgeR (Robust). Both simulation and real RNA-Seq count data analysis results showed that the proposed edgeR (Robust) outperformed than the conventional edgeR (Robust). To investigate the effectiveness of identified DEGs for diagnosis, and therapies of ovarian cancer (OC), we selected top-ranked 12 DEGs (IL6, XCL1, CXCL8, C1QC, C1QB, SNAI2, TYROBP, COL1A2, SNAP25, NTS, CXCL2, and AGT) and suggested hub-DEGs guided top-ranked 10 candidate drug-molecules for the treatment against OC. Hence, our proposed procedure might be an effective computational tool for exploring potential DEGs from RNA-Seq profiles for diagnosis and therapies of any disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandhan Sarker
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Matiur Rahaman
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Haining 314400, China.
| | - Muhammad Habibulla Alamin
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ariful Islam
- Bioinformatics Laboratory (Dry), Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nurul Haque Mollah
- Bioinformatics Laboratory (Dry), Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
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3
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Avila-Bonilla RG, Martínez-Montero JP. Crosstalk between vault RNAs and innate immunity. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:387. [PMID: 38443657 PMCID: PMC10914904 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vault (vt) RNAs are noncoding (nc) RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III (RNA Pol III) with 5'-triphosphate (5'-PPP) termini that play significant roles and are recognized by innate immune sensors, including retinoic acid-inducible protein 1 (RIG-I). In addition, vtRNAs adopt secondary structures that can be targets of interferon-inducible protein kinase R (PKR) and the oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)/RNase L system, both of which are important for activating antiviral defenses. However, changes in the expression of vtRNAs have been associated with pathological processes that activate proinflammatory pathways, which influence cellular events such as differentiation, aging, autophagy, apoptosis, and drug resistance in cancer cells. RESULTS In this review, we summarized the biology of vtRNAs and focused on their interactions with the innate immune system. These findings provide insights into the diverse roles of vtRNAs and their correlation with various cellular processes to improve our understanding of their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Gamaliel Avila-Bonilla
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Av. IPN 2508, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
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4
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Korbecki J, Bosiacki M, Barczak K, Łagocka R, Brodowska A, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Involvement in Tumorigenesis and Clinical Significance of CXCL1 in Reproductive Cancers: Breast Cancer, Cervical Cancer, Endometrial Cancer, Ovarian Cancer and Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087262. [PMID: 37108425 PMCID: PMC10139049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a member of the CXC chemokine subfamily and a ligand for CXCR2. Its main function in the immune system is the chemoattraction of neutrophils. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews summarizing the significance of CXCL1 in cancer processes. To fill this gap, this work describes the clinical significance and participation of CXCL1 in cancer processes in the most important reproductive cancers: breast cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer. The focus is on both clinical aspects and the significance of CXCL1 in molecular cancer processes. We describe the association of CXCL1 with clinical features of tumors, including prognosis, ER, PR and HER2 status, and TNM stage. We present the molecular contribution of CXCL1 to chemoresistance and radioresistance in selected tumors and its influence on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. Additionally, we present the impact of CXCL1 on the microenvironment of reproductive cancers, including its effect on angiogenesis, recruitment, and function of cancer-associated cells (macrophages, neutrophils, MDSC, and Treg). The article concludes by summarizing the significance of introducing drugs targeting CXCL1. This paper also discusses the significance of ACKR1/DARC in reproductive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28 Str., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54 Str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ryta Łagocka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Brodowska
- Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Ghosh Roy G, Geard N, Verspoor K, He S. MPVNN: Mutated Pathway Visible Neural Network architecture for interpretable prediction of cancer-specific survival risk. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:5026-5032. [PMID: 36124954 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Survival risk prediction using gene expression data is important in making treatment decisions in cancer. Standard neural network (NN) survival analysis models are black boxes with a lack of interpretability. More interpretable visible neural network architectures are designed using biological pathway knowledge. But they do not model how pathway structures can change for particular cancer types. RESULTS We propose a novel Mutated Pathway Visible Neural Network (MPVNN) architecture, designed using prior signaling pathway knowledge and random replacement of known pathway edges using gene mutation data simulating signal flow disruption. As a case study, we use the PI3K-Akt pathway and demonstrate overall improved cancer-specific survival risk prediction of MPVNN over other similar-sized NN and standard survival analysis methods. We show that trained MPVNN architecture interpretation, which points to smaller sets of genes connected by signal flow within the PI3K-Akt pathway that is important in risk prediction for particular cancer types, is reliable. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The data and code are available at https://github.com/gourabghoshroy/MPVNN. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Ghosh Roy
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Nicholas Geard
- School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Karin Verspoor
- School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia.,School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Shan He
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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In Vitro Gene Expression Responses of Bovine Rumen Epithelial Cells to Different pH Stresses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192621. [PMID: 36230362 PMCID: PMC9559271 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminal acidosis often occurs in production, which greatly affects animal health and production efficiency. Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) occurs when rumen pH drops rapidly to 5.5−5.8, and acute rumen acidosis (ARA) occurs when rumen pH drops below 5.0, but the molecular regulation mechanism of the rumen epithelium after the rapid decrease in pH is still unclear. Bovine rumen epithelial cells (BRECs) were cultured at pH = 7.4 (control), 5.5 (SARA), and 4.5 (ARA). Transcriptome and metabolomic methods were used to obtain the molecular-based response of BRECs to different pH treatments; pH = 4.5 can significantly induce apoptosis of BRECs. The RNA-seq experiments revealed 1381 differently expressed genes (DEGs) in the control vs. SARA groups (p < 0.05). Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were upregulated 4.25 and 6.86 fold, respectively, and TLR4 was downregulated 0.58 fold. In addition, 283 DEGs were identified in the control vs. ARA comparison (p < 0.05), and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PSTG2) was downregulated 0.54 fold. Our research reveals that the MAPK/TNF signaling pathway regulates the inflammatory response of BRECs. Metabolomics identified 35 biochemical compounds that were significantly affected (p < 0.05) in control vs. SARA and 51 in control vs. ARA. Bioinformatics analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database revealed that drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 metabolic and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism changes occurred. These transcriptional and metabolic changes are related to the adaptation of BRECs to low-pH stresses. In conclusion, the combined data analyses presented a worthy strategy to characterize the cellular, transcriptomic, and metabonomic adaptation of BRECs to pH in vitro. We demonstrated transcriptional expression changes in BRECs under pH stress and activation of the molecular mechanisms controlling inflammation.
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7
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Gnosa S, Puig-Blasco L, Piotrowski KB, Freiberg ML, Savickas S, Madsen DH, Auf dem Keller U, Kronqvist P, Kveiborg M. ADAM17-mediated EGFR ligand shedding directs macrophage promoted cancer cell invasion. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155296. [PMID: 35998057 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages in the tumor microenvironment have a significant impact on tumor progression. Depending on the signaling environment in the tumor, macrophages can either support or constrain tumor progression. It is therefore of therapeutic interest to identify the tumor-derived factors that control macrophage education. With this aim, we correlated the expression of ADAM proteases, which are key mediators of cell-cell signaling, to the expression of pro-tumorigenic macrophage markers in human cancer cohorts. We identified ADAM17, a sheddase upregulated in many cancer types, as a protein of interest. Depletion of ADAM17 in cancer cell lines reduced the expression of several pro-tumorigenic markers in neighboring macrophages in vitro as well as in mouse models. Moreover, ADAM17-/- educated macrophages demonstrated a reduced ability to induce cancer cell invasion. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics and ELISA, we identified HB-EGF and AREG, shed by ADAM17 in the cancer cells, as the implicated molecular mediators of macrophage education. Additionally, RNA-seq and ELISA experiments revealed that ADAM17-dependent HB-EGF-ligand release induces the expression and secretion of CXCL chemokines in macrophages, which in turn stimulates cancer cell invasion.In conclusion, we provide evidence that ADAM17 mediates a paracrine EGFR-ligand-chemokine feedback loop, whereby cancer cells hijack macrophages to promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laia Puig-Blasco
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Marie L Freiberg
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simonas Savickas
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel H Madsen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Gao C, Koko MYF, Ding M, Hong W, Li J, Dong N, Hui M. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP, IAP Enhancer) attenuates intestinal inflammation and alleviates insulin resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927272. [PMID: 35958560 PMCID: PMC9359302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) in controlled intestinal inflammation and alleviated associated insulin resistance (IR). We also explored the possible underlying molecular mechanisms, showed the preventive effect of IAP on IR in vivo, and verified the dephosphorylation of IAP for the inhibition of intestinal inflammation in vitro. Furthermore, we examined the preventive role of IAP in IR induced by a high-fat diet in mice. We found that an IAP + IAP enhancer significantly ameliorated blood glucose, insulin, low-density lipoprotein, gut barrier function, inflammatory markers, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in serum. IAP could dephosphorylate LPS and nucleoside triphosphate in a pH-dependent manner in vitro. Firstly, LPS is inactivated by IAP and IAP reduces LPS-induced inflammation. Secondly, adenosine, a dephosphorylated product of adenosine triphosphate, elicited anti-inflammatory effects by binding to the A2A receptor, which inhibits NF-κB, TNF, and PI3K-Akt signalling pathways. Hence, IAP can be used as a natural anti-inflammatory agent to reduce intestinal inflammation-induced IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhe Gao
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | | | | | - Weichen Hong
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianping Li
- College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Dong
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Na Dong, ; Mizhou Hui,
| | - Mizhou Hui
- College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Na Dong, ; Mizhou Hui,
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9
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Luo W, Wang Y, Zhang T. Win or loss? Combination therapy does improve the oncolytic virus therapy to pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:160. [PMID: 35443724 PMCID: PMC9022249 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a growing global burden, remaining one of the most lethal cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, PC is resistant to various treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. New therapies are urgently needed to improve the prognosis of PC. Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy is a promising new treatment option. OV is a genetically modified virus that selectively replicates in tumor cells. It can kill tumor cells without harming normal cells. The activation of tumor-specific T-cells is a unique feature of OV-mediated therapy. However, OV-mediated mono-therapeutic efficacy remains controversial, especially for metastatic or advanced patients who require systemically deliverable therapies. Hence, combination therapies will be critical to improve the therapeutic efficacy of OV-mediated therapy and prevent tumor recurrence. This review aims to investigate novel combinatorial treatments with OV therapy and explore the inner mechanism of those combined therapies, hopefully providing a new direction for a better prognosis of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, The Translational Medicine Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), PUMCH, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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10
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Enhancement of CD70-specific CAR T treatment by IFN-γ released from oHSV-1-infected glioblastoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2433-2448. [PMID: 35249119 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Even with progressive combination treatments, the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains extremely poor. OV is one of the new promising therapeutic strategies to treat human GBM. OVs stimulate immune cells to release cytokines such as IFN-γ during oncolysis, further improve tumor microenvironment (TME) and enhance therapeutic efficacy. IFN-γ plays vital role in the apoptosis of tumor cells and recruitment of tumor-infiltrating T cells. We hypothesized that oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (oHSV-1) enhanced the antitumor efficacy of novel CD70-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells by T cell infiltration and IFN-γ release. In this study, oHSV-1 has the potential to stimulate IFN-γ secretion of tumor cells rather than T cell secretion and lead to an increase of T cell activity, as well as CD70-specific CAR T cells can specifically recognize and kill tumor cells in vitro. Specifically, combinational therapy with CD70-specific CAR T and oHSV-1 promotes tumor degradation by enhancing pro-inflammatory circumstances and reducing anti-inflammatory factors in vitro. More importantly, combined therapy generated potent antitumor efficacy, increased the proportion of T cells and natural killer cells in TME, and reduced regulatory T cells and transformed growth factor-β1 expression in orthotopic xenotransplanted animal model of GBM. In summary, we reveal that oHSV-1 enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CD70-spefific CAR T cells by intratumoral T cell infiltration and IFN-γ release, supporting the use of CAR T therapy in GBM therapeutic strategies.
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11
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Nowak M, Janas Ł, Soja M, Głowacka E, Szyłło K, Misiek M, Klink M. Chemokine expression in patients with ovarian cancer or benign ovarian tumors. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:682-689. [PMID: 35591828 PMCID: PMC9102528 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/110672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemokines play a crucial role in tumor growth and progression according to proangiogenic and immunosuppressive action. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of selected chemokines in patients with ovarian cancer or benign ovarian tumors to assess their role in tumorigenesis and their potential use in preoperative diagnosis of an adnexal mass. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 59 women with ovarian cancer: 17 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients and 42 women with benign ovarian tumors. We measured in sera obtained preoperatively the level of CA125 and a panel of 5 chemokines - CX3CL1/fractalkine, CXCL1/GRO-α, CXCL12/SDF-1, CCL20/MIP-3α and IL-17F - using the chemiluminescence method with multiplexed bead based immunoassay. RESULTS CX3CL1 was significantly elevated in sera of advanced ovarian cancer patients compared to women with benign ovarian tumors. The significant elevation of CXCL1 was also observed (both early and advanced stages). A similar pattern was present with the standard ovarian cancer marker CA125. In our patients with endometriotic cysts CA125 levels were significantly higher than in women with other benign tumors, whereas all analyzed chemokines had similar serum titers in patients with endometriotic vs. other benign ovarian cysts. CONCLUSIONS CX3CL1 and CXCL1 are elevated in sera of EOC patients, which indicates their role in cancer development. Moreover, they might be useful in preoperative differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors, especially as they were not elevated in cases of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Nowak
- Department of Operative Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Janas
- Department of Operative Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malwina Soja
- Department of Operative Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Głowacka
- Laboratory Diagnostics Centre, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szyłło
- Department of Operative Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Misiek
- Department of Gynecology, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, Kielce, Poland
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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12
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Choe D, Lee ES, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Wilson AJ, Whalen MM, Adunyah SE, Son DS. High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Effects of Adipocyte-Specific CXCR2 Conditional Knockout in the Peritoneal Tumor Microenvironment of Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13195033. [PMID: 34638514 PMCID: PMC8508092 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13195033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity contributes to ovarian cancer (OC) progression via tumorigenic chemokines. Adipocytes and OC cells highly express CXCR2, and its ligands CXCL1/8, respectively, indicating that the CXCL1/8-CXCR2 axis is a molecular link between obesity and OC. Here, we investigated how the adipocyte-specific CXCR2 conditional knockout (cKO) affected the peritoneal tumor microenvironment of OC in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model. We first generated adipocyte-specific CXCR2 cKO in mice: adipose tissues were not different in crown-like structures and adipocyte size between the wild-type (WT) and cKO mice but expressed lower levels of CCL2/6 compared to the obese WT mice. HFD-induced obese mice had a shorter survival time than lean mice. Particularly, obese WT and cKO mice developed higher tumors and ascites burdens, respectively. The ascites from the obese cKO mice showed increased vacuole clumps but decreased the floating tumor burden, tumor-attached macrophages, triglyceride, free fatty acid, CCL2, and TNF levels compared to obese WT mice. A tumor analysis revealed that obese cKO mice attenuated inflammatory areas, PCNA, and F4/80 compared to obese WT mice, indicating a reduced tumor burden, and there were positive relationships between the ascites and tumor parameters. Taken together, the adipocyte-specific CXCR2 cKO was associated with obesity-induced ascites despite a reduced tumor burden, likely altering the peritoneal tumor microenvironment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deokyeong Choe
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Eun-Sook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA;
| | - Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA;
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA;
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Margaret M. Whalen
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
| | - Samuel E. Adunyah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Mercogliano MF, Bruni S, Mauro F, Elizalde PV, Schillaci R. Harnessing Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha to Achieve Effective Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030564. [PMID: 33540543 PMCID: PMC7985780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a pleiotropic cytokine known to have contradictory roles in oncoimmunology. Indeed, TNFα has a central role in the onset of the immune response, inducing both activation and the effector function of macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and B and T lymphocytes. Within the tumor microenvironment, however, TNFα is one of the main mediators of cancer-related inflammation. It is involved in the recruitment and differentiation of immune suppressor cells, leading to evasion of tumor immune surveillance. These characteristics turn TNFα into an attractive target to overcome therapy resistance and tackle cancer. This review focuses on the diverse molecular mechanisms that place TNFα as a source of resistance to immunotherapy such as monoclonal antibodies against cancer cells or immune checkpoints and adoptive cell therapy. We also expose the benefits of TNFα blocking strategies in combination with immunotherapy to improve the antitumor effect and prevent or treat adverse immune-related effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Mercogliano
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica de Proteínas, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina;
| | - Sofía Bruni
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (S.B.); (F.M.); (P.V.E.)
| | - Florencia Mauro
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (S.B.); (F.M.); (P.V.E.)
| | - Patricia Virginia Elizalde
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (S.B.); (F.M.); (P.V.E.)
| | - Roxana Schillaci
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (S.B.); (F.M.); (P.V.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-11-4783-2869; Fax: +54-11-4786-2564
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14
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Sriram K, Wiley SZ, Moyung K, Gorr MW, Salmerón C, Marucut J, French RP, Lowy AM, Insel PA. Detection and Quantification of GPCR mRNA: An Assessment and Implications of Data from High-Content Methods. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17048-17059. [PMID: 31646252 PMCID: PMC6796235 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane receptors and targets for approved drugs. The analysis of GPCR expression is, thus, important for drug discovery and typically involves messenger RNA (mRNA)-based methods. We compared transcriptomic complementary DNA (cDNA) (Affymetrix) microarrays, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based TaqMan arrays for their ability to detect and quantify expression of endoGPCRs (nonchemosensory GPCRs with endogenous agonists). In human pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts, RNA-seq and TaqMan arrays yielded closely correlated values for GPCR number (∼100) and expression levels, as validated by independent qPCR. By contrast, the microarrays failed to identify ∼30 such GPCRs and generated data poorly correlated with results from those methods. RNA-seq and TaqMan arrays also yielded comparable results for GPCRs in human cardiac fibroblasts, pancreatic stellate cells, cancer cell lines, and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. The magnitude of mRNA expression for several Gq/11-coupled GPCRs predicted cytosolic calcium increase and cell migration by cognate agonists. RNA-seq also revealed splice variants for endoGPCRs. Thus, RNA-seq and qPCR-based arrays are much better suited than transcriptomic cDNA microarrays for assessing GPCR expression and can yield results predictive of functional responses, findings that have implications for GPCR biology and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sriram
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, and Department of
Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0636, United States
| | - Shu Z. Wiley
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, and Department of
Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0636, United States
| | - Kevin Moyung
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, and Department of
Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0636, United States
| | - Matthew W. Gorr
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, and Department of
Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0636, United States
| | - Cristina Salmerón
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, and Department of
Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0636, United States
| | - Jordin Marucut
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, and Department of
Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0636, United States
| | - Randall P. French
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, and Department of
Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0636, United States
| | - Andrew M. Lowy
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, and Department of
Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0636, United States
| | - Paul A. Insel
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, and Department of
Medicine, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0636, United States
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15
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Su S, Sun X, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Chen J. CCL20 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Chemotherapy Resistance by Regulating ABCB1 Expression. Cell Struct Funct 2019; 44:21-28. [PMID: 30760665 DOI: 10.1247/csf.18029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of prevalent tumors and this study aimed to explore CCL20's effects on doxorubicin resistance of OC and related mechanisms. Doxorubicin-resistant SKOV3 DR cells were established from SKOV3 cells via 6-month continuous exposure to gradient concentrations of doxorubicin. Quantitative PCR and Western blot assay showed that SKOV3 DR cells had higher level of CCL20 than SKOV3 cells, and doxorubicin upregulated CCL20 expression in SKOV3 cells. MTT and cell count assay found that CCL20 overexpression plasmid enhanced doxorubicin resistance of SKOV3 and OVCA433 cells compared to empty vector, as shown by the increase in cell viability. In contrast, CCL20 shRNA enhanced doxorubicin sensitivity of SKOV3 DR cells compared to control. CCL20 overexpression plasmid promoted NF-kB activation and positively regulated ABCB1 expression. Besides, ABCB1 overexpression plasmid enhanced the viability of SKOV3 and OVCA433 cells compared to empty vector under treatment with the same concentration of doxorubicin, whereas ABCB1 shRNA inhibited doxorubicin resistance of SKOV3 DR cells compared to control. In conclusion, CCL20 enhanced doxorubicin resistance of OC cells by regulating ABCB1 expression.Key words: CCL20, ovarian cancer, doxorubicin resistance, tumor-promoting, ABCB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Su
- Department of Gynecology, the Central Hospital of Zibo
| | - Xueqin Sun
- Department of Gynecology, the Central Hospital of Zibo
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, the Central Hospital of Zibo
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, the Central Hospital of Zibo
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, the Central Hospital of Zibo
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16
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Ignacio RMC, Lee ES, Son DS. Potential Roles of Innate Immune Chemokine and Cytokine Network on Lipopolysaccharide-Based Therapeutic Approach in Ovarian Cancer. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e22. [PMID: 31281719 PMCID: PMC6597445 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC), the deadliest gynecological cancer, results in poor overall survival, urgently requiring a novel therapeutic approach. As cumulative exposures to endotoxins decreased OC risk epidemiologically, we evaluated if LPS, a Toll-like receptor 4 agonist known as active component of endotoxins, could increase survival in the murine peritoneal dissemination model of SKOV-3 OC cells. LPS significantly increased the mean survival time of more than 116 days compared with 63 days in the control. Furthermore, no tumor burden was present in three mice among eight LPS-treated mice. SKOV-3 cells were not responsive to LPS and showed unaltered chemokine signature. Rather than direct effects to OC cells, LPS was found to increase proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, such as CXCL1, CXCL8, TNF, and IL-1B, in innate immune system. Taken together, LPS is likely to potentiate the cytotoxic-related innate immunogenicity via proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, which attenuates the peritoneal dissemination of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mistica C Ignacio
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Eun-Sook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA
| | - Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
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17
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Ignacio RMC, Gibbs CR, Kim S, Lee ES, Adunyah SE, Son DS. Serum amyloid A predisposes inflammatory tumor microenvironment in triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:511-526. [PMID: 30728901 PMCID: PMC6355188 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-phase proteins (APPs) are associated with a variety of disorders such as infection, inflammatory diseases, and cancers. The signature profile of APPs in breast cancer (BC) is poorly understood. Here, we identified serum amyloid A (SAA) for proinflammatory predisposition in BC through the signature profiles of APPs, interleukin (IL) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily using publicly available datasets of tumor samples and cell lines. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype highly expressed SAA1/2 compared to HER2, luminal A (LA) and luminal B (LB) subtypes. IL1A, IL1B, IL8/CXCL8, IL32 and IL27RA in IL superfamily and CD70, TNFSF9 and TNFRSF21 in TNF superfamily were highly expressed in TNBC compared to other subtypes. SAA is restrictedly regulated by nuclear factor (NF)-κB and IL-1β, an NF-κB activator highly expressed in TNBC, increased the promoter activity of SAA1 in human TNBC MDA-MB231 cells. Interestingly, two κB-sites contained in SAA1 promoter were involved, and the proximal region (-96/-87) was more critical than the distal site (-288/-279) in regulating IL-1β-induced SAA1. Among the SAA receptors, TLR1 and TLR2 were highly expressed in TNBC. Cu-CPT22, TLR1/2 antagonist, abrogated IL-1β-induced SAA1 promoter activity. In addition, SAA1 induced IL8/CXCL8 promoter activity, which was partially reduced by Cu-CPT22. Notably, SAA1/2, TLR2 and IL8/CXCL8 were associated with a poor overall survival in mesenchymal-like TNBC. Taken together, IL-1-induced SAA via NF-κB-mediated signaling could potentiate an inflammatory burden, leading to cancer progression and high mortality in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mistica C Ignacio
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carla R Gibbs
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kon-Kuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Samuel E Adunyah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
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18
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Ignacio RMC, Lee ES, Wilson AJ, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Whalen MM, Son DS. Obesity-Induced Peritoneal Dissemination of Ovarian Cancer and Dominant Recruitment of Macrophages in Ascites. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e47. [PMID: 30619633 PMCID: PMC6312889 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One-fifth of cancer deaths are associated with obesity. Because the molecular mechanisms by which obesity affects the progression of ovarian cancer (OC) are poorly understood, we investigated if obesity could promote the progression of OC cells using the postmenopausal ob/ob mouse model and peritoneal dissemination of mouse ID8 OC cells. Compared to lean mice, obese mice had earlier OC occurrence, greater metastasis throughout the peritoneal cavity, a trend toward shorter survival, and higher circulating glucose and proinflammatory chemokine CXCL1 levels. Ascites in obese mice had higher levels of macrophages (Mφ) and chemokines including CCL2, CXCL12, CXCL13, G-CSF and M-CSF. Omental tumor tissues in obese mice had more adipocytes than lean mice. Our data suggest that obesity may accelerate the peritoneal dissemination of OC through higher production of pro-inflammatory chemokines and Mφ recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mistica C Ignacio
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Eun-Sook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Margaret M Whalen
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
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19
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Morin decreases galectin-3 expression and sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 298:1181-1194. [PMID: 30267152 PMCID: PMC6244704 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-4912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed at evaluating whether morin (a natural flavonoid and a known inhibitor of NF-κB) can sensitize ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin by decreasing the expression of galectin-3, which is an anti-apoptotic protein regulated by NF-κB transcription factor. Methods To assess the possibility of augmentation the activity of cisplatin by morin, we studied the separate and the combined effect of morin and cisplatin on viability, proliferation, and apoptosis of TOV-21G (cisplatin-sensitive) and SK-OV-3 (cisplatin-resistant) ovarian cancer cells. We also analysed the effect of morin and cisplatin on galectin-3 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Results We demonstrated that morin possess antitumor activity against TOV-21G and SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cells by reducing cell viability and proliferation as well as increasing the induction of apoptosis. Co-treatment of the cells with selected concentrations of morin and cisplatin, accordingly to specific treatment approaches, reveals a synergism, which leads to sensitization of the cells to cisplatin. During this sensitization, morin significantly reduces the expression of galectin-3 at the mRNA and protein level, regardless of the presence of cisplatin. Conclusions Morin sensitizes TOV-21G and SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin, what is associated with a decrease of the expression of galectin-3.
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20
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Ignacio RMC, Gibbs CR, Lee ES, Son DS. The TGFα-EGFR-Akt signaling axis plays a role in enhancing proinflammatory chemokines in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29286-29303. [PMID: 30034618 PMCID: PMC6047672 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive and typically has a poor prognosis. Chemokines have chemoattractant potential for cancer metastasis. Here, we investigated the chemokine signatures in BC subtypes and the underlying mechanisms that enhance proinflammatory chemokines in TNBC. Analysis from microarray dataset revealed that basal-like BC subtype including TNBC expressed dominantly proinflammatory chemokines, such as CXCL1 and 8, compared to non-TNBC. Chemokine PCR array confirmed the dominant chemokines in TNBC cells. To identify a driving factor for proinflammatory chemokines in TNBC cells, we determined the expression and signaling profiles of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family members. TNBC cells expressed higher levels of EGFR and phosphorylated Akt/Erk than non-TNBC cells. In addition, EGF further enhanced the proinflammatory chemokines in TNBC cells, including CXCL2. Knockdown of Akt reduced the CXCL2 promoter activity, while overexpression of Akt enhanced it. MK2206, an Akt inhibitor, reduced the CXCL2 promoter activity, while inhibition and knockdown of Erk did not reduce its activity. We found that transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) could serve as a main ligand for EGFR to drive EGFR-mediated Akt activation in TNBC cells. MK2206 decreased TGFα promoter activity, while overexpression of Akt increased it. MK2206 also reduced TGFα release from TNBC cells. Moreover, MK2206 downregulated CXCL2 mRNA expression, while TGFα upregulated it. Taken together, the TGFα-EGFR-Akt signaling axis can play a role in enhancing proinflammatory chemokine expression in TNBC, subsequently contributing to the inflammatory burden that ultimately lead to cancer progression and a higher mortality rate among TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mistica C Ignacio
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208 USA
| | - Carla R Gibbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208 USA
| | - Eun-Sook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301 USA
| | - Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208 USA
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Xia L, Tan S, Zhou Y, Lin J, Wang H, Oyang L, Tian Y, Liu L, Su M, Wang H, Cao D, Liao Q. Role of the NFκB-signaling pathway in cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2063-2073. [PMID: 29695914 PMCID: PMC5905465 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s161109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a group of cells that malignantly grow and proliferate uncontrollably. At present, treatment modes for cancer mainly comprise surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. However, the curative effects of these treatments have been limited thus far by specific characteristics of tumors. Abnormal activation of signaling pathways is involved in tumor pathogenesis and plays critical roles in growth, progression, and relapse of cancers. Targeted therapies against effectors in oncogenic signaling have improved the outcomes of cancer patients. NFκB is an important signaling pathway involved in pathogenesis and treatment of cancers. Excessive activation of the NFκB-signaling pathway has been documented in various tumor tissues, and studies on this signaling pathway for targeted cancer therapy have become a hot topic. In this review, we update current understanding of the NFκB-signaling pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Heran Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yutong Tian
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Su
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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22
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Watanabe K, Luo Y, Da T, Guedan S, Ruella M, Scholler J, Keith B, Young RM, Engels B, Sorsa S, Siurala M, Havunen R, Tähtinen S, Hemminki A, June CH. Pancreatic cancer therapy with combined mesothelin-redirected chimeric antigen receptor T cells and cytokine-armed oncolytic adenoviruses. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99573. [PMID: 29618658 PMCID: PMC5928866 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterized by its highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that limits T cell infiltration and induces T cell hypofunction. Mesothelin-redirected chimeric antigen receptor T cell (meso-CAR T cell) therapy has shown some efficacy in clinical trials but antitumor efficacy remains modest. We hypothesized that combined meso-CAR T cells with an oncolytic adenovirus expressing TNF-α and IL-2 (Ad5/3-E2F-D24-TNFa-IRES-IL2, or OAd-TNFa-IL2) would improve efficacy. OAd-TNFa-IL2 enhanced the antitumor efficacy of meso-CAR T cells in human-PDA-xenograft immunodeficient mice and efficacy was associated with robustly increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), enhanced and prolonged T cell function. Mice treated with parental OAd combined with meso-CAR T developed tumor metastasis to the lungs even if primary tumors were controlled. However, no mice treated with combined OAd-TNFa-IL2 and meso-CAR T died of tumor metastasis. We also evaluated this approach in a syngeneic mouse tumor model by combining adenovirus expressing murine TNF-α and IL-2 (Ad-mTNFa-mIL2) and mouse CAR T cells. This approach induced significant tumor regression in mice engrafted with highly aggressive and immunosuppressive PDA tumors. Ad-mTNFa-mIL2 increased both CAR T cell and host T cell infiltration to the tumor and altered host tumor immune status with M1 polarization of macrophages and increased dendritic cell maturation. These findings indicate that combining cytokine-armed oncolytic adenovirus to enhance the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy is a promising approach to overcome the immunosuppressive TME for the treatment of PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Watanabe
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yanping Luo
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tong Da
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sonia Guedan
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Scholler
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Keith
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Regina M. Young
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Boris Engels
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Suvi Sorsa
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Siurala
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Siri Tähtinen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl H. June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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de Cristofaro T, Di Palma T, Soriano AA, Monticelli A, Affinito O, Cocozza S, Zannini M. Candidate genes and pathways downstream of PAX8 involved in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41929-41947. [PMID: 27259239 PMCID: PMC5173106 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biology and molecular pathogenesis of ovarian epithelial cancer (EOC) is key to developing improved diagnostic and prognostic indicators and effective therapies. Although research has traditionally focused on the hypothesis that high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) arises from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), recent studies suggest that additional sites of origin exist and a substantial proportion of cases may arise from precursor lesions located in the Fallopian tubal epithelium (FTE). In FTE cells, the transcription factor PAX8 is a marker of the secretory cell lineage and its expression is retained in 96% of EOC. We have recently reported that PAX8 is involved in the tumorigenic phenotype of ovarian cancer cells. In this study, to uncover genes and pathways downstream of PAX8 involved in ovarian carcinoma we have determined the molecular profiles of ovarian cancer cells and in parallel of Fallopian tube epithelial cells by means of a silencing approach followed by an RNA-seq analysis. Interestingly, we highlighted the involvement of pathways like WNT signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, p53 and apoptosis. We believe that our analysis has led to the identification of candidate genes and pathways regulated by PAX8 that could be additional targets for the therapy of ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana de Cristofaro
- IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Tina Di Palma
- IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Amata Amy Soriano
- IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Monticelli
- IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Affinito
- IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Cocozza
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariastella Zannini
- IEOS, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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Choi H, Ignacio RMC, Lee ES, Wilson AJ, Khabele D, Son DS. Augmented Serum Amyloid A1/2 Mediated by TNF-induced NF-κB in Human Serous Ovarian Epithelial Tumors. Immune Netw 2017; 17:121-127. [PMID: 28458624 PMCID: PMC5407984 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) is well known to be involved in the immune system and ovarian inflammation. Ovarian cancer is an inflammation-related malignancy that lacks early screening strategies, resulting in late diagnosis followed by high mortality. Based on our previous data, TNF induced abundant serum amyloid A (SAA), an acute phase protein linked to inflammation, in ovarian granulosal cells. To date, the regulation and expression of SAA in ovarian cancer is not fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the relationship between TNF and SAA by comparing human normal ovarian tissues and serous ovarian tumors. We found that SAA1/2 was significantly expressed in tumor tissues, but no or trace expression levels in normal tissues. TNF was also significantly upregulated in ovarian tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. Moreover, TNF significantly increased SAA1/2 levels in human ovarian cancer cell lines, OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3, in a time-dependent manner. Since the SAA1 promoter contains two nuclear factor (NF)-κB sites, we examined whether TNF regulates SAA1 promoter activity. Deletion analysis revealed that the proximal NF-κB site (-95/-85) played a critical role in regulating TNF-induced SAA1 promoter activity. Within 2 h after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide, a product known to stimulate release of TNF, SAA preferably localized to ovarian epithelial cells and the thecal-interstitial layers compared to granulosal cell layers. Based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, SAA1/2 and TNF were dominantly expressed in advanced grade ovarian cancer. Taken together, the accumulation of SAA1/2 in ovarian cancer could be mediated by TNF-induced NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongjwa Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Rosa Mistica C Ignacio
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Eun-Sook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dineo Khabele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
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25
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Profiling of selected angiogenesis-related genes in serous ovarian cancer patients. Adv Med Sci 2017; 62:116-120. [PMID: 28235714 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since angiogenesis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer the aim of the study was to compare the expression of the most relevant angiogenesis-related genes in serous ovarian cancer samples. Genes were divided into 5 subgroups according to their angiogenic potential: growth factors and their receptors; cytokines/chemokines; adhesion molecules and other matrix related proteins; transcriptions factors and signaling molecules; morphogenic factors, and angiogenesis inhibitors. MATERIALS/METHODS Twenty-nine patients were involved in the study: 20 with serous ovarian cancer and 9 healthy controls. All neoplasms were confirmed by histopathological examination. Healthy ovarian control samples were obtained from women diagnosed with fibroids and had previously scheduled operations. Real-time PCR gene arrays were used to examine the expression of 84 human angiogenesis-related genes and expression of selected proteins was assessed with ELISA. RESULTS Significantly higher expressions of 46 genes were found in the ovarian cancer group compared to the healthy control group. By the use of ELISA we confirmed the expression of three proteins i.e.: angiopoietin-2, angiopoietin-like protein 3, and angiopoietin receptor 2. Only angiopoietin-2 and angiopoietin receptor 2 showed significant differences between ovarian cancer and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the expression of selected genes associated with angiogenesis may add new information to the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Although the angiopoietin-2 signaling pathway may play an important role in neovascularization in ovarian cancer, the role of angiopoietin-like protein 3 is yet to be established.
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26
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Ignacio RMC, Kabir SM, Lee ES, Adunyah SE, Son DS. NF-κB-Mediated CCL20 Reigns Dominantly in CXCR2-Driven Ovarian Cancer Progression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164189. [PMID: 27723802 PMCID: PMC5056735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is an inflammation-associated malignancy with a high mortality rate. CXCR2 expressing ovarian cancers are aggressive with poorer outcomes. We previously demonstrated that CXCR2-driven ovarian cancer progression potentiated NF-κB activation through EGFR-transactivated Akt. Here, we identified the chemokine signature involved in CXCR2-driven ovarian cancer progression using a mouse peritoneal xenograft model for ovarian cancer spreading with CXCR2-negative (SKA) and positive (SKCXCR2) cells generated previously from parental SKOV-3 cells. Compared to SKA bearing mice, SKCXCR2 bearing mice had the following characteristics: 1) shorter survival time, 2) greater tumor spreading in the peritoneal cavity and 3) higher tumor weight in the omentum and pelvic site. Particularly, SKCXCR2-derived tumor tissues induced higher activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, while having no change in EGFR-activated signaling such as Raf, MEK, Akt, mTOR and Erk compared to SKA-derived tumors. Chemokine PCR array revealed that CCL20 mRNA levels were significantly increased in SKCXCR2-derived tumor tissues. The CCL20 promoter activity was regulated by NF-κB dependent pathways. Interestingly, all three κB-like sites in the CCL20 promoter were involved in regulating CCL20 and the proximal region between -92 and -83 was the most critical κB-like site. In addition, SKCXCR2-derived tumor tissues maintained high CCL20 mRNA expression and induced greater CCL24 and CXCR4 compared to SKCXCR2 cells, indicating the shift of chemokine network during the peritoneal spreading of tumor cells via interaction with other cell types in tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we compared expression profiling array between human ovarian cancer cell lines and tumor tissues based on GEO datasets. The expression profiles in comparison with cell lines revealed that dominant chemokines expressed in ovarian tumor tissues are likely shifted from CXCL1-3 and 8 to CCL20. Taken together, the progression of ovarian cancer in the peritoneal cavity involves NF-κB-mediated CCL20 as a main chemokine network, which is potentiated by CXCR2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mistica C. Ignacio
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Syeda M. Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Eun-Sook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Samuel E. Adunyah
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Post S, Rozeveld D, Jonker MR, Bischoff R, van Oosterhout AJ, Heijink IH. ADAM10 mediates the house dust mite-induced release of chemokine ligand CCL20 by airway epithelium. Allergy 2015; 70:1545-52. [PMID: 26296735 DOI: 10.1111/all.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND House dust mite (HDM) acts on the airway epithelium to induce airway inflammation in asthma. We previously showed that the ability of HDM to induce allergic sensitization in mice is related to airway epithelial CCL20 secretion. OBJECTIVE As a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM)s have been implicated in chemokine shedding, we sought to determine their involvement in HDM-induced release of chemokines, including CCL20, by airway epithelial cells. METHODS We studied the effects of pharmacological ADAM inhibitors as well as ADAM10 and ADAM17 siRNA downregulation on chemokine release using (multiplex) ELISA in supernatants from HDM-exposed human bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells and primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) at 4-24 h. RESULTS House dust) mite markedly increased CCL20 levels in both 16HBE and NHBE cells (16-24 h). In 16HBE cells, the HDM-induced increase was observed as early as 4 h upon exposure and the use of specific inhibitors indicated the involvement of ADAM10/17-mediated shedding. siRNA knockdown of ADAM10, but not of ADAM17, significantly reduced the HDM-induced release of CCL20 in both 16HBE and NHBE cells. A similar effect was observed for HDM-induced CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL8 release in NHBE cells. The HDM-induced increase in CCL20 levels was not affected by protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide nor protein transport inhibitor monensin, indicating that HDM induces surface shedding of chemokines. CONCLUSION Our data show for the first time that ADAM10 activity contributes to HDM-induced shedding of chemokines, including CCL20. The ADAM10/CCL20 axis may be a target for novel therapeutic strategies in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Post
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - D. Rozeveld
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - M. R Jonker
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - R. Bischoff
- Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - A. J. van Oosterhout
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - I. H. Heijink
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonology and Inflammation Research; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonology; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
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28
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Al-Alem L, Puttabyatappa M, Rosewell K, Brännström M, Akin J, Boldt J, Muse K, Curry TE. Chemokine Ligand 20: A Signal for Leukocyte Recruitment During Human Ovulation? Endocrinology 2015; 156:3358-69. [PMID: 26125463 PMCID: PMC4541627 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovulation is one of the cornerstones of female fertility. Disruption of the ovulatory process results in infertility, which affects approximately 10% of couples. Using a unique model in which the dominant follicle is collected across the periovulatory period in women, we have identified a leukocyte chemoattractant, chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20), in the human ovary. CCL20 mRNA is massively induced after an in vivo human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulus in granulosa (>10 000-fold) and theca (>4000-fold) cells collected during the early ovulatory (12-18 h) and late ovulatory (18-34 h) periods after hCG administration. Because the LH surge sets in motion an inflammatory reaction characterized by an influx of leukocytes and CCL20 is known to recruit leukocytes in other systems, the composition of ovarian leukocytes (CD45+) containing the CCL20 receptor CCR6 was determined immediately prior to ovulation. CD45+/CCR6+ cells were primarily natural killer cells (41%) along with B cells (12%), T cells (11%), neutrophils (10%), and monocytes (9%). Importantly, exogenous CCL20 stimulated ovarian leukocyte migration 59% within 90 minutes. Due to the difficulties in obtaining human follicles, an in vitro model was developed using granulosa-lutein cells to explore CCL20 regulation. CCL20 expression increased 40-fold within 6 hours after hCG, was regulated partially by the epithelial growth factor pathway, and was positively correlated with progesterone production. These results demonstrate that hCG dramatically increases CCL20 expression in the human ovary, that ovarian leukocytes contain the CCL20 receptor, and that CCL20 stimulates leukocyte migration. Our findings raise the prospect that CCL20 may aid in the final ovulatory events and contribute to fertility in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linah Al-Alem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.A.-A., M.P., K.R., K.M., T.E.C.), College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.B.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden; Stockholm IVF (M.B.), St Görans Sjukhus, 112 81 Stockholm, Sweden; and Bluegrass Fertility Center (J.A., J.B.), Lexington, Kentucky 40503
| | - Muraly Puttabyatappa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.A.-A., M.P., K.R., K.M., T.E.C.), College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.B.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden; Stockholm IVF (M.B.), St Görans Sjukhus, 112 81 Stockholm, Sweden; and Bluegrass Fertility Center (J.A., J.B.), Lexington, Kentucky 40503
| | - Kathy Rosewell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.A.-A., M.P., K.R., K.M., T.E.C.), College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.B.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden; Stockholm IVF (M.B.), St Görans Sjukhus, 112 81 Stockholm, Sweden; and Bluegrass Fertility Center (J.A., J.B.), Lexington, Kentucky 40503
| | - Mats Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.A.-A., M.P., K.R., K.M., T.E.C.), College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.B.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden; Stockholm IVF (M.B.), St Görans Sjukhus, 112 81 Stockholm, Sweden; and Bluegrass Fertility Center (J.A., J.B.), Lexington, Kentucky 40503
| | - James Akin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.A.-A., M.P., K.R., K.M., T.E.C.), College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.B.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden; Stockholm IVF (M.B.), St Görans Sjukhus, 112 81 Stockholm, Sweden; and Bluegrass Fertility Center (J.A., J.B.), Lexington, Kentucky 40503
| | - Jeffrey Boldt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.A.-A., M.P., K.R., K.M., T.E.C.), College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.B.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden; Stockholm IVF (M.B.), St Görans Sjukhus, 112 81 Stockholm, Sweden; and Bluegrass Fertility Center (J.A., J.B.), Lexington, Kentucky 40503
| | - Ken Muse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.A.-A., M.P., K.R., K.M., T.E.C.), College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.B.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden; Stockholm IVF (M.B.), St Görans Sjukhus, 112 81 Stockholm, Sweden; and Bluegrass Fertility Center (J.A., J.B.), Lexington, Kentucky 40503
| | - Thomas E Curry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.A.-A., M.P., K.R., K.M., T.E.C.), College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.B.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden; Stockholm IVF (M.B.), St Görans Sjukhus, 112 81 Stockholm, Sweden; and Bluegrass Fertility Center (J.A., J.B.), Lexington, Kentucky 40503
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29
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Chen P, Huhtinen K, Kaipio K, Mikkonen P, Aittomäki V, Lindell R, Hynninen J, Auranen A, Grénman S, Lehtonen R, Carpén O, Hautaniemi S. Identification of Prognostic Groups in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Treated with Platinum-Taxane Chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2987-98. [PMID: 26122843 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGS-OvCa) is an aggressive disease treated with platinum and taxane combination therapy. While initial response can be favorable, the disease typically relapses and becomes resistant to treatment. As genomic alterations in HGS-OvCa are heterogeneous, identification of clinically meaningful molecular markers for outcome prediction is challenging. We developed a novel computational approach (PSFinder) that fuses transcriptomics and clinical data to identify HGS-OvCa prognostic subgroups for targeted treatment. Application of PSFinder to transcriptomics data from 180 HGS-OvCa patients treated with platinum-taxane therapy revealed 61 transcript isoforms that characterize two poor and one good survival-associated groups (P = 0.007). These groups were validated in eight independent data sets, including a prospectively collected ovarian cancer cohort. Two poor prognostic groups have distinct expression profiles and are characteristic by increased hypermethylation and stroma-related genes. Integration of the PSFinder signature and BRCA1/2 mutation status allowed even better stratification of HGS-OvCa patients' prognosis. The herein introduced novel and generally applicable computational approach can identify outcome-related subgroups and facilitate the development of precision medicine to overcome drug resistance. A limited set of biomarkers divides HGS-OvCa into three prognostic groups and predicts patients in need of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Huhtinen
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, Medicity, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Kaipio
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, Medicity, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Piia Mikkonen
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, Medicity, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Viljami Aittomäki
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rony Lindell
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Hynninen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Annika Auranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Seija Grénman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Rainer Lehtonen
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Carpén
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, Medicity, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. Auria Biobank, Turku, Finland.
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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30
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Transcriptional regulation of chemokine expression in ovarian cancer. Biomolecules 2015; 5:223-43. [PMID: 25790431 PMCID: PMC4384120 DOI: 10.3390/biom5010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic chemokines contributes to ovarian cancer progression through the induction of tumor cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The substantial potential of these chemokines to facilitate the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer underscores the need for their stringent transcriptional regulation. In this Review, we highlight the key mechanisms that regulate the transcription of pro-inflammatory chemokines in ovarian cancer cells, and that have important roles in controlling ovarian cancer progression. We further discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the increased chemokine expression in drug resistance, along with our perspective for future studies.
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31
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Tamir A, Jag U, Sarojini S, Schindewolf C, Tanaka T, Gharbaran R, Patel H, Sood A, Hu W, Patwa R, Blake P, Chirina P, Oh Jeong J, Lim H, Goy A, Pecora A, Suh KS. Kallikrein family proteases KLK6 and KLK7 are potential early detection and diagnostic biomarkers for serous and papillary serous ovarian cancer subtypes. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:109. [PMID: 25477184 PMCID: PMC4271347 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-014-0109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early detection of ovarian cancer remains a challenge due to widespread metastases and a lack of biomarkers for early-stage disease. This study was conducted to identify relevant biomarkers for both laparoscopic and serum diagnostics in ovarian cancer. Methods Bioinformatics analysis and expression screening in ovarian cancer cell lines were employed. Selected biomarkers were further validated in bio-specimens of diverse cancer types and ovarian cancer subtypes. For non-invasive detection, biomarker proteins were evaluated in serum samples from ovarian cancer patients. Results Two kallikrein (KLK) serine protease family members (KLK6 and KLK7) were found to be significantly overexpressed relative to normal controls in most of the ovarian cancer cell lines examined. Overexpression of KLK6 and KLK7 mRNA was specific to ovarian cancer, in particular to serous and papillary serous subtypes. In situ hybridization and histopathology further confirmed significantly elevated levels of KLK6 and KLK7 mRNA and proteins in tissue epithelium and a lack of expression in neighboring stroma. Lastly, KLK6 and KLK7 protein levels were significantly elevated in serum samples from serous and papillary serous subtypes in the early stages of ovarian cancer, and therefore could potentially decrease the high “false negative” rates found in the same patients with the common ovarian cancer biomarkers human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and cancer antigen 125 (CA-125). Conclusion KLK6 and KLK7 mRNA and protein overexpression is directly associated with early-stage ovarian tumors and can be measured in patient tissue and serum samples. Assays based on KLK6 and KLK7 expression may provide specific and sensitive information for early detection of ovarian cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13048-014-0109-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayala Tamir
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.
| | - Ushma Jag
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.
| | - Sreeja Sarojini
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.
| | - Craig Schindewolf
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.
| | - Takemi Tanaka
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Rajendra Gharbaran
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.
| | - Hiren Patel
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.
| | - Anil Sood
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Wei Hu
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Ruzeen Patwa
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.
| | - Patrick Blake
- Sophic Systems Alliance, Inc, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Polina Chirina
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.
| | - Jin Oh Jeong
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.
| | - Heejin Lim
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.
| | - Andre Goy
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.
| | - Andrew Pecora
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.
| | - K Stephen Suh
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.
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Kabir SM, Lee ES, Son DS. Chemokine network during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells: Differential response between growth and proinflammatory factor in preadipocytes vs. adipocytes. Adipocyte 2014; 3:97-106. [PMID: 24719782 PMCID: PMC3979886 DOI: 10.4161/adip.28110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as a low-grade chronic inflammatory state which involves a chemokine network contributing to a variety of diseases. As a first step toward understanding the roles of the obesity-driven chemokine network, we used a 3T3-L1 cell differentiation model to identify the chemokine profiles elicited during adipogenesis and how this profile is modified by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) as a growth and proinflammatory factor, respectively. The chemokine network was monitored using PCR arrays and qRT-PCR while main signaling pathways of EGF and TNF were measured using immunoblotting. The dominant chemokines in preadipocytes were CCL5, CCL8, CXCL1, and CXCL16, and in adipocytes CCL6 and CXCL13. The following chemokines were found in both preadipocytes and adipocytes: CCL2, CCL7, CCL25, CCL27, CXCL5, CXCL12, and CX3CL1. Among chemokine receptors, CXCR7 was specific for preadipocytes and CXCR2 for adipocytes. These findings indicate the development of a CXCL12–CXCR7 axis in preadipocytes and a CXCL5–CXCR2 axis in adipocytes. In addition to induction of CCL2 and CCL7 in both preadipocytes and adipocytes, EGF enhanced specifically CXCL1 and CXCL5 in adipocytes, indicating the potentiation of CXCR2-mediated pathway in adipocytes. TNF induced CCL2, CCL7, and CXCL1 in preadipocytes but had no response in adipocytes. EGFR downstream activation was dominant in adipocytes whereas NFκB activation was dominant in preadipocytes. Taken together, the adipocyte-driven chemokine network in the 3T3-L1 cell differentiation model involves CXCR2-mediated signaling which appears more potentiated to growth factors like EGF than proinflammatory factors like TNF.
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Chaudhary B, Abd Al Samid M, al-Ramadi BK, Elkord E. Phenotypic alterations, clinical impact and therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells in cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:931-45. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.900539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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