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Chen G, Hu X, Huang Y, Xiang X, Pan S, Chen R, Xu X. Role of the immune system in liver transplantation and its implications for therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e444. [PMID: 38098611 PMCID: PMC10719430 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) stands as the gold standard for treating end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, yet postoperative complications continue to impact survival rates. The liver's unique immune system, governed by a microenvironment of diverse immune cells, is disrupted during processes like ischemia-reperfusion injury posttransplantation, leading to immune imbalance, inflammation, and subsequent complications. In the posttransplantation period, immune cells within the liver collaboratively foster a tolerant environment, crucial for immune tolerance and liver regeneration. While clinical trials exploring cell therapy for LT complications exist, a comprehensive summary is lacking. This review provides an insight into the intricacies of the liver's immune microenvironment, with a specific focus on macrophages and T cells as primary immune players. Delving into the immunological dynamics at different stages of LT, we explore the disruptions after LT and subsequent immune responses. Focusing on immune cell targeting for treating liver transplant complications, we provide a comprehensive summary of ongoing clinical trials in this domain, especially cell therapies. Furthermore, we offer innovative treatment strategies that leverage the opportunities and prospects identified in the therapeutic landscape. This review seeks to advance our understanding of LT immunology and steer the development of precise therapies for postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanrong Chen
- The Fourth School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xin Hu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Yingchen Huang
- The Fourth School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaonan Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Sheng Pan
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Ronggao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
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2
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Kaltenmeier C, Wang R, Popp B, Geller D, Tohme S, Yazdani HO. Role of Immuno-Inflammatory Signals in Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142222. [PMID: 35883665 PMCID: PMC9323912 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major obstacle in liver resection and liver transplantation. The initial step of IRI is mediated through ischemia which promotes the production of reactive oxygen species in Kupffer cells. This furthermore promotes the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, interferon, inducible nitric oxide synthase, TLR9/nuclear-factor kappa B pathway, and the production of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as ATP, histone, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), urate, mitochondrial formyl peptides and S100 proteins. With ongoing cell death of hepatocytes during the ischemic phase, DAMPs are built up and released into the circulation upon reperfusion. This promotes a cytokines/chemokine storm that attracts neutrophils and other immune cells to the site of tissue injury. The effect of IRI is further aggravated by the release of cytokines and chemokines, such as epithelial neutrophil activating protein (CXCL5), KC (CXCL1) and MIP-2 (CXCL2), the complement proteins C3a and C5a, mitochondrial-derived formyl peptides, leukotriene B4 and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) from migrating neutrophils. These NETs can also activate platelets and form Neutrophil-platelet microthrombi to further worsen ischemia in the liver. In this review we aim to summarize the current knowledge of mediators that promote liver IRI, and we will discuss the role of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in mediating IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Kaltenmeier
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.K.); (R.W.); (D.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.K.); (R.W.); (D.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Brandon Popp
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA;
| | - David Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.K.); (R.W.); (D.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Samer Tohme
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.K.); (R.W.); (D.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Hamza O. Yazdani
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (C.K.); (R.W.); (D.G.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence:
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PGC-1 α Protects against Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Activating PPAR α and PPAR γ and Regulating ROS Production. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6677955. [PMID: 34104311 PMCID: PMC8159639 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6677955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α and γ have been shown to be protective in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the precise role of PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), which can coactivate both of these receptors, in hepatic I/R injury, remains largely unknown. This study was designed to test our hypothesis that PGC-1α is protective during hepatic I/R injury in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that endogenous PGC-1α is basally expressed in normal livers and is moderately increased by I/R. Ectopic PGC-1α protects against hepatic I/R and hepatocyte anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injuries, whereas knockdown of endogenous PGC-1α aggravates such injuries, as evidenced by assessment of the levels of serum aminotransferases and inflammatory cytokines, necrosis, apoptosis, cell viability, and histological examination. The EMSA assay shows that the activation of PPARα and PPARγ is increased or decreased by the overexpression or knockdown of PGC-1α, respectively, during hepatic I/R and hepatocyte A/R injuries. In addition, the administration of specific antagonists of either PPARα (MK886) or PPARγ (GW9662) can effectively decrease the protective effect of PGC-1α against hepatic I/R and hepatocyte A/R injuries. We also demonstrate an important regulatory role of PGC-1α in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism during hepatic I/R, which is correlated with the induction of ROS-detoxifying enzymes and is also dependent on the activations of PPARα and PPARγ. These data demonstrate that PGC-1α protects against hepatic I/R injury, mainly by regulating the activation of PPARα and PPARγ. Thus, PGC-1α may be a promising therapeutic target for the protection of the liver against I/R injury.
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Micó-Carnero M, Rojano-Alfonso C, Álvarez-Mercado AI, Gracia-Sancho J, Casillas-Ramírez A, Peralta C. Effects of Gut Metabolites and Microbiota in Healthy and Marginal Livers Submitted to Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E44. [PMID: 33375200 PMCID: PMC7793124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota is defined as the collection of microorganisms within the gastrointestinal ecosystem. These microbes are strongly implicated in the stimulation of immune responses. An unbalanced microbiota, termed dysbiosis, is related to the development of several liver diseases. The bidirectional relationship between the gut, its microbiota and the liver is referred to as the gut-liver axis. The translocation of bacterial products from the intestine to the liver induces inflammation in different cell types such as Kupffer cells, and a fibrotic response in hepatic stellate cells, resulting in deleterious effects on hepatocytes. Moreover, ischemia-reperfusion injury, a consequence of liver surgery, alters the microbiota profile, affecting inflammation, the immune response and even liver regeneration. Microbiota also seems to play an important role in post-operative outcomes (i.e., liver transplantation or liver resection). Nonetheless, studies to determine changes in the gut microbial populations produced during and after surgery, and affecting liver function and regeneration are scarce. In the present review we analyze and discuss the preclinical and clinical studies reported in the literature focused on the evaluation of alterations in microbiota and its products as well as their effects on post-operative outcomes in hepatic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Micó-Carnero
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - Carlos Rojano-Alfonso
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mercado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Escuela de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Institut of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory IDIBAPS, 03036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araní Casillas-Ramírez
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ciudad Victoria “Bicentenario 2010”, Ciudad Victoria 87087, Mexico;
- Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales de Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Matamoros 87300, Mexico
| | - Carmen Peralta
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (C.R.-A.)
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Lee CM, Peng HH, Yang P, Liou JT, Liao CC, Day YJ. C-C Chemokine Ligand-5 is critical for facilitating macrophage infiltration in the early phase of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623253 PMCID: PMC5473895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CCL5/RANTES, a chemoattractant for myeloid cells, is induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The roles of CCL5 in hepatic IRI were carried out by means of CCL5 immunodepletion, antagonistic competition by Met-CCL5, and treatment with recombinant murine CCL5 (rmCCL5). Depletion or inhibition of CCL5 reduced severity of hepatic IRI, whereas rmCCL5 treatment aggravated liver IRI as manifested in elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. Moreover, IRI severity was reduced in CCL5-knockout (CCL5-KO) mice versus wildtype (WT) mice, with drops in serum ALT level, intrahepatic MPO activity, and histological pathology. Bone marrow transplantion (BMT) studies show that myeloid cells and tissue cells are both required for CCL5-aggravated hepatic IRI. The profile of liver-infiltrating leukocyte subsets after hepatic reperfusion identified CD11b+ cells as the only compartment significantly reduced in CCL5-KO mice versus WT controls at early reperfusion phase. The role of CCL5 recruiting CD11b+ cells in early reperfusion was validated by in vitro transwell migration assay of murine primary macrophages (broadly characterized by their CD11b expression) in response to liver lysates after early reperfusion. Taken together, our results demonstrate a sequence of early events elicited by CCL5 chemoattracting macrophage that result in inflammatory aggravation of hepatic IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiou-Mei Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsin Peng
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Polung Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Tarng Liou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chih Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ji Day
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Qin CC, Liu YN, Hu Y, Yang Y, Chen Z. Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 as mediator of inflammation in acute liver injury. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3043-3052. [PMID: 28533661 PMCID: PMC5423041 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i17.3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 is one of the CXC chemokines and is also known as chemokine CXC ligand (CXCL2). MIP-2 affects neutrophil recruitment and activation through the p38 mitogen-activated-protein-kinase-dependent signaling pathway, by binding to its specific receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2. MIP-2 is produced by a variety of cell types, such as macrophages, monocytes, epithelial cells, and hepatocytes, in response to infection or injury. In liver injury, activated Kupffer cells are known as the major source of MIP-2. MIP-2-recruited and activated neutrophils can accelerate liver inflammation by releasing various inflammatory mediators. Here, we give a brief introduction to the basic molecular and cellular sources of MIP-2, and focus on its physiological and pathological functions in acute liver injury induced by concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharides, irradiation, ischemia/reperfusion, alcohol, and hypoxia, and hepatectomy-induced liver regeneration and tumor colorectal metastasis. Further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of MIP-2 secretion and activation may be helpful to develop MIP-2-targeted therapeutic strategies to prevent liver inflammation.
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7
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Li L, Chen K, Xiang Y, Yoshimura T, Su S, Zhu J, Bian XW, Wang JM. New development in studies of formyl-peptide receptors: critical roles in host defense. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 99:425-35. [PMID: 26701131 PMCID: PMC4750370 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ri0815-354rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl-peptide receptors are a family of 7 transmembrane domain, Gi-protein-coupled receptors that possess multiple functions in many pathophysiologic processes because of their expression in a variety of cell types and their capacity to interact with a variety of structurally diverse, chemotactic ligands. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that formyl-peptide receptors are critical mediators of myeloid cell trafficking in the sequential chemotaxis signal relays in microbial infection, inflammation, and immune responses. Formyl-peptide receptors are also involved in the development and progression of cancer. In addition, one of the formyl-peptide receptor family members, Fpr2, is expressed by normal mouse-colon epithelial cells, mediates cell responses to microbial chemotactic agonists, participates in mucosal development and repair, and protects against inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. These novel discoveries greatly expanded the current understanding of the role of formyl-peptide receptors in host defense and as potential molecular targets for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhu Li
- *Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keqiang Chen
- *Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- *Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- *Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaobo Su
- *Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- *Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-wu Bian
- *Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- *Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Ham B, Fernandez MC, D’Costa Z, Brodt P. The diverse roles of the TNF axis in cancer progression and metastasis. TRENDS IN CANCER RESEARCH 2016; 11:1-27. [PMID: 27928197 PMCID: PMC5138060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a multi-step process that ultimately depends on the ability of disseminating cancer cells to establish favorable communications with their microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment consists of multiple and continuously changing cellular and molecular components. One of the factors regulating the tumor microenvironment is TNF-α, a pleiotropic cytokine that plays key roles in apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation and immunity. TNF-α can have both pro- and anti-tumoral effects and these are transmitted via two major receptors, the 55 kDa TNFR1 and the 75 kDa TNFR2 that have distinct, as well as overlapping functions. TNFR1 is ubiquitously expressed while the expression of TNFR2 is more restricted, mainly to immune cells. While TNFR1 can transmit pro-apoptotic or pro-survival signals through a complex network of downstream mediators, the role of TNFR2 is less well understood. One of its main functions is to act as a survival factor and moderate the pro-apoptotic effects of TNFR1, particularly in immune cells. In this review, we summarize the evidence for the involvement of the TNF system in the progression of the metastatic process from its contribution to the early steps of tumor cell invasion to its role in the colonization of distant sites, particularly the liver. We show how the TNF receptors each contribute to these processes by regulating and shaping the tumor microenvironment. Current evidence and concepts on the potential use of TNF targeting agents for cancer prevention and therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Ham
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Celia Fernandez
- Department of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Zarina D’Costa
- Department of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Liu M, Chen K, Yoshimura T, Liu Y, Gong W, Le Y, Gao JL, Zhao J, Wang JM, Wang A. Formylpeptide receptors mediate rapid neutrophil mobilization to accelerate wound healing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90613. [PMID: 24603667 PMCID: PMC3946181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a multi-phased pathophysiological process requiring chemoattractant receptor-dependent accumulation of myeloid cells in the lesion. Two G protein-coupled formylpeptide receptors Fpr1 and Fpr2 mediate rapid neutrophil infiltration in the liver of Listeria-infected mice by sensing pathogen-derived chemotactic ligands. These receptors also recognize host-derived chemotactic peptides in inflammation and injury. Here we report the capacity of Fprs to promote the healing of sterile skin wound in mice by initiating neutrophil infiltration. We found that in normal miceneutrophils rapidly infiltrated the dermis in the wound before the production of neutrophil-specific chemokines by the injured tissue. In contrast, rapid neutrophil infiltration was markedly reduced with delayed wound closure in mice deficient in both Fprs. In addition, we detected Fpr ligand activity that chemoattracted neutrophils into the wound tissue. Our study thus demonstrates that Fprs are critical for normal healing of the sterile skin wound by mediating the first wave of neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- National Center For Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yingying Le
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Liang Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aimin Wang
- The Center for Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Crawford RS, Albadawi H, Robaldo A, Peck MA, Abularrage CJ, Yoo HJ, Lamuraglia GM, Watkins MT. Divergent systemic and local inflammatory response to hind limb demand ischemia in wild-type and ApoE-/- mice. J Surg Res 2013; 183:952-62. [PMID: 23528286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We designed studies to determine whether the ApoE-/- phenotype modulates the local skeletal muscle and systemic inflammatory (plasma) responses to lower extremity demand ischemia. The ApoE-/- phenotype is an experimental model for atherosclerosis in humans. METHODS Aged female ApoE-/- and C57BL6 mice underwent femoral artery ligation, then were divided into sedentary and demand ischemia (exercise) groups on day 14. We assessed baseline and postexercise limb perfusion and hind limb function. On day 14, animals in the demand ischemia group underwent daily treadmill exercise through day 28. Sedentary mice were not exercised. On day 28, we harvested plasma and skeletal muscle from ischemic limbs from sedentary and exercised mice. We assayed muscle for angiogenic and proinflammatory proteins, markers of skeletal muscle regeneration, and evidence of skeletal muscle fiber maturation. RESULTS Hind limb ischemia was similar in ApoE-/- and C57 mice before the onset of exercise. Under sedentary conditions, plasma vascular endothelial cell growth factor and interleukin-6, but not keratinocyte chemoattractant factor (KC) or macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), were higher in ApoE (P < 0.0001). After exercise, plasma levels of vascular endothelial cell growth factor, KC, and MIP-2, but not IL-6, were lower in ApoE (P < 0.004). The cytokines KC and MIP-2 in muscle were greater in exercised ApoE-/- mice compared with C57BL6 mice (P = 0.01). Increased poly-ADP-ribose activity and mature muscle regeneration were associated with demand ischemia in the C57BL6 mice, compared with the ApoE-/- mice (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Demand limb ischemia in the ApoE-/- phenotype exacerbated the expression of select systemic cytokines in plasma and blunted indices of muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Crawford
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Liu M, Chen K, Yoshimura T, Liu Y, Gong W, Wang A, Gao JL, Murphy PM, Wang JM. Formylpeptide receptors are critical for rapid neutrophil mobilization in host defense against Listeria monocytogenes. Sci Rep 2012; 2:786. [PMID: 23139859 PMCID: PMC3493074 DOI: 10.1038/srep00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Listeria) causes opportunistic infection in immunocompromised hosts with high mortality. Resistance to Listeria depends on immune responses and recruitment of neutrophils of the immune system into infected sites is an early and critical step. Mouse neutrophils express two G protein-coupled formylpeptide receptor subtypes Fpr1 and Fpr2 that recognize bacterial and host-derived chemotactic molecules including Listeria peptides for cell migration and activation. Here we report deficiency in Fprs exacerbated the severity of the infection and increased the mortality of infected mice. The mechanism involved impaired early neutrophil recruitment to the liver with Fpr1 and Fpr2 being sole receptors for neutrophils to sense Listeria chemoattractant signals and for production of bactericidal superoxide. Thus, Fprs are essential sentinels to guide the first wave of neutrophil infiltration in the liver of Listeria-infected mice for effective elimination of the invading pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Fredrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Fredrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Fredrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Fredrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Aimin Wang
- Center for Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ji-Liang Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Philip M. Murphy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Fredrick, MD 21702, USA
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Hossain M, Qadri SM, Liu L. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis enhances leukocyte rolling and adhesion in human microvasculature. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2012; 9:28. [PMID: 22812684 PMCID: PMC3414823 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-9-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional signaling molecule that regulates important cellular events in inflammation including leukocyte recruitment. Previous studies have shown that pharmacological inhibition of NO synthesis induces leukocyte recruitment in various in vitro and animal models. However, it is not known whether NO modulation has similar effects on leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions within the human microvasculature. The present study explored the effect of systemic L-NAME treatment on leukocyte recruitment in the SCID-hu mouse model. Methods Human skin xenografts were transplanted in SCID mice to study human leukocyte dynamics in human vasculature. Early events of human leukocyte recruitment in human vasculature were studied using intravital microscopy. NO synthesis was pharmacologically inhibited using NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to elucidate E-selectin expression in human xenograft skin. Human neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions were also studied in an in vitro flow chamber assay system. P- and E-selectin expression on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was measured using ELISA. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis was detected using a TLC-based assay. Results L-NAME treatment significantly enhanced the rolling and adhesion of human leukocytes to the human vasculature. Functional blocking of P- and E-selectins significantly inhibited rolling but not adhesion induced by inhibition of NO synthesis. Systemic L-NAME treatment enhanced E-selectin expression in human xenograft skin. L-NAME treatment significantly enhanced P- and E-selectin expression on HUVECs. L-NAME treatment did not significantly modify neutrophil rolling or adhesion to HUVECs indicating that L-NAME−induced subtle P- and E-selectin expression was insufficient to elicit dynamic neutrophil-HUVEC interactions in vitro. Moreover, synthesis of endothelial-derived PAF was not significantly modified by L-NAME treatment. These results point to the accelerated leukocyte recruitment in human vasculature following suppression of NO synthesis, effects that are mediated by P- and E-selectins. The findings are, however, not supported by the in vitro data. Conclusion Inhibition of endogenous NO triggers early events of human leukocyte recruitment in human vasculature, involving complex cellular or molecular mechanisms in addition to P- and E-selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokarram Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Preischemic Treatment With Melatonin Attenuates Liver Reperfusion-Induced Impairment of Cardiac Function. Transplant Proc 2012; 44:970-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Awla D, Hartman H, Abdulla A, Zhang S, Rahman M, Regnér S, Thorlacius H. Rho-kinase signalling regulates trypsinogen activation and tissue damage in severe acute pancreatitis. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:648-58. [PMID: 20942858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is characterized by trypsinogen activation, infiltration of leucocytes and tissue necrosis but the intracellular signalling mechanisms regulating organ injury in the pancreas remain elusive. Rho-kinase is a potent regulator of specific cellular processes effecting several pro-inflammatory activities. Herein, we examined the role of Rho-kinase signalling in acute pancreatitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pancreatitis was induced by infusion of taurocholate into the pancreatic duct in C57BL/6 mice. Animals were treated with a Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (0.5-5 mg·kg⁻¹) before induction of pancreatitis. KEY RESULTS Taurocholate infusion caused a clear-cut increase in blood amylase, pancreatic neutrophil infiltration, acinar cell necrosis and oedema formation in the pancreas. Levels of pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP) and lung MPO were significantly increased, indicating local and systemic disease. Inhibition of Rho-kinase activity dose-dependently protected against pancreatitis. For example, 5 mg·kg⁻¹ Y-27632 reduced acinar cell necrosis, leucocyte infiltration and pancreatic oedema by 90%, 89% and 58%, respectively, as well as tissue levels of MPO by 75% and MIP-2 by 84%. Moreover, Rho-kinase inhibition decreased lung MPO by 75% and blood amylase by 83%. Pancreatitis-induced TAP levels were reduced by 61% in Y-27632-treated mice. Inhibition of Rho-kinase abolished secretagogue-induced activation of trypsinogen in pancreatic acinar cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our novel data suggest that Rho-kinase signalling plays an important role in acute pancreatitis by regulating trypsinogen activation and subsequent CXC chemokine formation, neutrophil infiltration and tissue injury. Thus, these results indicate that Rho-kinase may constitute a novel target in the management of SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Awla
- Department of Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
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Kim MS, Lee KH, Lee WM, Jun JH, Kim DH. CD44 disruption attenuates murine hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:919-26. [PMID: 21738346 PMCID: PMC3124723 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.7.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil adhesion and migration are critical in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Despite very strong preclinical data, recent clinical trials failed to show a protective effect of anti-adhesion therapy in reperfusion injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the role of CD44 in neutrophil infiltration and liver injury from hepatic I/R. In this study, using a partial hepatic ischemic model in vivo, we determined the potential role of CD44 in neutrophil infiltration and liver injury from I/R. Reperfusion caused significant hepatocellular injury as it was determined by plasma ALT levels and liver histopathology. The injury was associated with a marked neutrophil recruitment and CD44 expression into the ischemic livers. Administration of anti-CD44 antibody to mice reduced the infiltration of neutrophil into the ischemic tissue, associated with liver function preservation. These results support crucial roles of CD44 in neutrophil recruitment and infiltration leading to liver damage in hepatic I/R injury. Moreover, they provide the rationale for targeting to CD44 as a potential therapeutic approach in liver I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Ho Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Mee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Jun
- Department of Medical-Laboratory Science, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Verweij M, van Ginhoven TM, Mitchell JR, Sluiter W, van den Engel S, Roest HP, Torabi E, Ijzermans JNM, Hoeijmakers JHJ, de Bruin RWF. Preoperative fasting protects mice against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury: mechanisms and effects on liver regeneration. Liver Transpl 2011; 17:695-704. [PMID: 21618690 DOI: 10.1002/lt.22243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We show that brief periods of fasting induce functional changes similar to those induced by long-term dietary restriction in mice, and these changes include protection from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of protection induced by fasting, and we determined the effect on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Partial hepatic ischemia (75 minutes) was induced in ad libitum fed mice and in 1- to 3-day-fasted mice, and one-third or two-thirds hepatectomy was performed in ad libitum fed mice and 3-day-fasted mice. Preoperative fasting for 2 or 3 days significantly decreased hepatocellular I/R injury. Hepatic gene expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1), and glutathione reductase (GSR) was significantly up-regulated in 3-day-fasted mice at the baseline and 6 hours after reperfusion. After reperfusion, p-selectin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly lower, and superoxide radical generation, lipid peroxidation, and neutrophil influx were significantly attenuated in 3-day-fasted mice. Preoperative fasting did not affect liver regeneration after one-third hepatectomy. Hepatic gene expression of IL-6 and transforming growth factor β1 was significantly higher in 3-day-fasted mice before and after one-third hepatectomy. Tumor necrosis factor α expression significantly increased after one-third hepatectomy in 3-day-fasted mice. After a 3-day fast and two-thirds hepatectomy, liver regeneration and subsequent postoperative recovery were compromised. In conclusion, up-regulation of the stress response gene HO-1 and the antioxidant enzymes SOD2, Gpx1, and GSR at the baseline and a better response after reperfusion likely underlie the protection induced by fasting against hepatic I/R injury. Preoperative fasting may be a promising new strategy for protecting the liver against I/R injury during liver transplantation and minor liver resections, although its effect on extended hepatectomy warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariëlle Verweij
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Stucchi AF, Shebani KO, Reed KL, Gower AC, Alapatt MF, Crivello KM, McClung JP, Becker JM. Stasis Predisposes Ileal Pouch Inflammation in a Rat Model of Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis. J Surg Res 2010; 164:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Hanboon BK, Ekataksin W, Alsfasser G, Schemmer P, Urbaschek B, McCuskey RS, Klar E. Microvascular dysfunction in hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury in pigs. Microvasc Res 2010; 80:123-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yang S, Hu S, Chen J, Choudhry MA, Rue LW, Bland KI, Chaudry IH. Mechanism of hepatoprotection in proestrus female rats following trauma-hemorrhage: heme oxygenase-1-derived normalization of hepatic inflammatory responses. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 85:1015-26. [PMID: 19244165 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0508288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic damage occurs in males and ovariectomized (OVX), not in proestrus (PE), females following trauma-hemorrhage (T-H). The mechanism responsible for hepatoprotection remains unknown. We hypothesized protection in PE is a result of enhanced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-derived down-regulation of liver inflammatory responses. PE and OVX rats underwent T-H (midline laparotomy, 60% blood loss). PE rats received vehicle (Veh; saline), HO-1 inhibitor chromium mesoporphyrin IX chloride (CrMP; 2.5 mg/kg), zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP; 25 mg/kg), or Akt/PI-3K inhibitor Wortmannin (Wort; 1 mg/kg) 30 min prior to resuscitation or sham operation i.p. OVX rats received Veh or 17beta-estradiol (E2; 1 mg/kg) 30 min before hemorrhage. Rats were killed 2 h thereafter. Following T-H, left ventricular performance was maintained in PE and E2 OVX rats but was depressed in OVX and CrMP-, ZnPP-, and Wort-treated PE rats; liver damage was not evident in PE rats, and CrMP, ZnPP, and Wort abrogated protection; liver HO-1, p38 MAPK, Akt/PI3K, and Bcl-2 expression increased in PE and E2 OVX rats, which was abrogated by CrMP, ZnPP, and Wort, and liver ICAM-1, caspase-3, phospho-IkappaB-alpha, and NF-kappaB expression increased in OVX and CrMP-, ZnPP-, and Wort-PE rats; liver myeloperoxidase, NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity, TNF-alpha, IL-6, plasma proinflammatory cytokines, and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractants increased in OVX and CrMP-, ZnPP-, and Wort-PE rats; and plasma estradiol levels and hepatic estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta expression decreased in OVX but were unaltered by CrMP, ZnPP, and Wort. Thus, enhanced HO-1 in PE and E2 OVX females modulates inflammatory responses and protects liver following T-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Yang
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd., G094 Volker Hall, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
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20
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Li JY, Yin HZ, Gu X, Zhou Y, Zhang WH, Qin YM. Melatonin protects liver from intestine ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:7392-6. [PMID: 19109875 PMCID: PMC2778125 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.7392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective effect of melatonin on liver after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
METHODS: One hundred and fifty male Wistar rats, weighing 190-210 g, aged 7 wk, were randomly divided into melatonin exposure group, alcohol solvent control group and normal saline control group. Rats in the melatonin exposure group received intraperitoneal (IP) melatonin (20 mg/kg) 30 min before intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR), rats in the alcohol solvent control group received the same concentration and volume of alcohol, and rats in the normal saline control group received the same volume of normal saline. Serum samples were collected from each group 0.5, 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after intestinal IR. Levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured with an auto-biochemical analyzer. Serum TNF-α was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver was detected by colorimetric assay. Pathological changes in liver and immunohistochemical straining of ICAM-1 were observed under an optical microscope.
RESULTS: The levels of ALT measured at various time points after intestinal IR in the melatonin exposure group were significantly lower than those in the other two control groups (P < 0.05). The serum AST levels 12 and 24 h after intestinal IR and the ICAM-1 levels (%) 6, 12 and 24 h after intestinal IR in the melatonin exposure group were also significantly lower than those in the other two control groups (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Exotic melatonin can inhibit the activity of ALT, AST and TNF-α, decrease the accumulation of MDA, and depress the expression of ICAM-1 in liver after intestinal IR injury, thus improving the liver function.
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Ramachandran A, Jha S, Lefer DJ. REVIEW paper: pathophysiology of myocardial reperfusion injury: the role of genetically engineered mouse models. Vet Pathol 2008; 45:698-706. [PMID: 18725477 DOI: 10.1354/vp.45-5-698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, affecting millions of men and women each year. Following an acute myocardial infarction, early and successful reperfusion therapy with thrombolytic therapy or primary percutaneous coronary intervention plays an important role in minimizing tissue injury associated with cessation of blood flow. The process of restoring blood flow to the ischemic myocardium, however, can induce additional injury. This phenomenon, termed myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI-R) injury, can paradoxically reduce the beneficial effects of myocardial reperfusion. MI-R injury is characterized by the formation of oxygen radicals upon reintroduction of molecular oxygen to the ischemic tissue, resulting in widespread lipid and protein oxidative modifications, mitochondrial injury, and cell death. In addition, studies have shown that MI-R is characterized by an inappropriate immune response in the microcirculation, resulting in leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions mediated by the upregulation of both leukocyte and endothelial cell adhesion molecules. Furthermore, MI-R ameliorates the production of certain cardioprotective factors such as nitric oxide. Advances in the generation of genetically modified mouse models enable researchers to identify the functional importance of genes involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramachandran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 (USA)
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