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Nunes PP, Almeida MR, Pacheco FG, Fantini C, Furtado CA, Ladeira LO, Jorio A, Júnior APM, Santos RL, Borges ÁM. Detection of carbon nanotubes in bovine raw milk through Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2681-2689. [PMID: 37923204 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential use of carbon-based methodologies for drug delivery and reproductive biology in cows raises concerns about residues in milk and food safety. This study aimed to assess the potential of Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and discriminant analysis using partial least squares (PLS-DA) to detect functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in bovine raw milk. Oxidized MWCNT were diluted in milk at different concentrations from 25.00 to 0.01 µg/mL. Raman spectroscopy measurements and PLS-DA were performed to identify low concentrations of MWCNT in milk samples. The PLS-DA model was characterized by the analysis of the variable importance in projection (VIP) scores. All the training samples were correctly classified by the model, resulting in no false-positive or false-negative classifications. For test samples, only one false-negative result was observed, for 0.01 µg/mL MWCNT dilution. The association between Raman spectroscopy and PLS-DA was able to identify MWCNT diluted in milk samples up to 0.1 µg/mL. The PLS-DA model was built and validated using a set of test samples and spectrally interpreted based on the highest VIP scores. This allowed the identification of the vibrational modes associated with the D and G bands of MWCNT, as well as the milk bands, which were the most important variables in this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipe P Nunes
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Almeida
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Flávia G Pacheco
- Laboratory of Carbon Nanostructure Chemistry, Nuclear Technology Development Center, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Fantini
- Department of Physics, Institute of Exact Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Clascídia A Furtado
- Laboratory of Carbon Nanostructure Chemistry, Nuclear Technology Development Center, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz O Ladeira
- Department of Physics, Institute of Exact Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ado Jorio
- Department of Physics, Institute of Exact Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Antônio P M Júnior
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Renato L Santos
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Álan M Borges
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
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2
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Golubewa L, Timoshchenko I, Kulahava T. Specificity of carbon nanotube accumulation and distribution in cancer cells revealed by K-means clustering and principal component analysis of Raman spectra. Analyst 2024; 149:2680-2696. [PMID: 38497436 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) show great potential for their application as cancer therapeutic nanodrugs, but the efficiency and mechanism of their accumulation in the cell, the modulation of cell activity, and the strong dependence of the results on the type of capping molecule still hinder the transfer of SWCNTs to the clinic. In the present study, we determined the mechanism and sequence of accumulation, distribution and type discrimination of SWCNTs in glioma cells by applying K-means clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) of Raman spectra of cells exposed to SWCNTs capped with either DNA or oligonucleotides (ON). Based on the specific biochemical information uncovered by PCA and further applied to K-means, we show that the accumulation of SWCNT-DNA occurs in two phases. The first phase involves the transport of SWCNT-DNA through vesicles and its redistribution in the cytoplasm, which is reflected in two SWCNT-related clusters. The second phase begins after 18 hours of interaction between cells and SWCNT-DNA. PCA shows the appearance of two SWCNT-associated PC loadings, reflected by the addition of a new cluster of SWCNTs with a narrowed and shifted G-peak in the spectra. It is caused by the loss of DNA capping and clumping of SWCNTs and triggered by the acidic conditions in autolysosomes resulting from the fusion of transport vesicles with lysosomes. SWCNTs penetrate all cellular compartments after 42-66 hours and lead to cell death. The clumped SWCNTs are released to the outside. In contrast, SWCNT-ON is hardly accumulated in glioma cells and after 72 hours of exposure to SWCNT-ON, the accumulation of SWCNTs corresponds to the first stage without reaching the second. PCA made it possible to separate the characteristics of cellular components against the high-intensity Raman signal from nanotubes and, thus, to propose the mechanism of accumulation and metabolism of nanomaterials in living cells without the use of additional research approaches. Our results elucidate the time dependence of the accumulation of SWCNTs on the capping molecule. We expect that our results can make an important contribution to the use of these nanomaterials in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Golubewa
- Department of Molecular Compounds Physics, State Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania.
| | - Igor Timoshchenko
- Department of Computer Modelling, Physics Faculty, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosti av. 4, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
- Laboratory of Nanoelectromagnetics, Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya str. 11, Minsk, 220006, Belarus
| | - Tatsiana Kulahava
- Laboratory of Nanoelectromagnetics, Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Bobruiskaya str. 11, Minsk, 220006, Belarus
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3
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Saravanan J, Nair A, Krishna SS, Viswanad V. Nanomaterials in biology and medicine: a new perspective on its toxicity and applications. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38682270 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2340002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers excellent prospects for application in biology and medicine. It is used for detecting biological molecules, imaging, and as therapeutic agents. Due to nano-size (1-100 nm) and high surface-to-volume ratio, nanomaterials possess highly specific and distinct characteristics in the biological environment. Recently, the use of nanomaterials as sensors, theranostic, and drug delivery agents has become popular. The safety of these materials is being questioned because of their biological toxicity, such as inflammatory responses, cardiotoxicity, cytotoxicity, inhalation problems, etc., which can have a negative impact on the environment. This review paper focuses primarily on the toxicological effects of nanomaterials along with the mechanisms involved in cell interactions and the generation of reactive oxygen species by nanoparticles, which is the fundamental source of nanotoxicity. We also emphasize the greener synthesis of nanomaterials in biomedicine, as it is non-hazardous, feasible, and economical. The review articles shed light on the complexities of nanotoxicology in biosystems and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Saravanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Science Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Ayushi Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Science Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Sivadas Swathi Krishna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Science Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Vidya Viswanad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Science Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
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Sahle-Demessie E, Han C, Varughese E, Acrey B, Zepp R. Fragmentation and release of pristine and functionalized carbon nanotubes from epoxy-nanocomposites during accelerated weathering. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2023; 10:1812-1827. [PMID: 37849916 PMCID: PMC10581393 DOI: 10.1039/d2en01014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing volume of nano-enabled materials in the market. Once composites containing nano-additives are disposed of, weathering could deteriorate their structures, releasing nanoparticles and risking exposure of humans and aquatic organisms. Composite degradation due to environmental aging continues, including structural deterioration resulting in cracking, fragmentation, and release of microplastics and nano-additives to the environment. This research aims to study the degradation and release of initially embedded nanomaterials (NMs) from composites and their toxicity. The molecular interaction of carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composites is critical for modifying the polymer properties. This study investigated the interactions of functional multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites which affect their release during accelerated weathering processes. Different epoxy-MWCNT composites were prepared by filling a polymer with pure MWCNTs and MWCNTs functionalized with acid (- COOH ) and amine (- NH 2 ) groups. The physical and chemical changes of aged composites were characterized by gravimetric analysis, contact angle measurements, FTIR, SEM, and laser confocal microscopy. A loss of hydrophobicity was observed for composite surfaces long before surface cracks materialized. Released polymer fragments and nanoparticles were analyzed in wash water using TEM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The environmental risks for long-term use of CNT-polymer composites and the influence of fillers on the extent of chemical photodegradation depended on the combination of polymer and fillers. If nanoparticles are released from the matrix, the high surface-to-volume ratio and reactivity of NMs make them highly dynamic in environmental systems. Exposure to these released NMs could negatively affect human health and the environment. This study provides fragmentation and CNT particle release data that could describe how molecular-level interactions between functionalized CNTs and epoxy polymers affect the aging and release of CNTs. A toxicity assessment based on a reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation assay and MTS assay for cell viability and activity of the released polymer and CNT fragments and leachate showed moderate levels of cytotoxicity of released materials as compared to pristine epoxy plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solution and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Changseok Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, INHA University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Environmental & Polymer Engineering, Graduate School of INHA University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Eunice Varughese
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solution and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Brad Acrey
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4, Science and Ecosystem Support Division Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Richard Zepp
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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Chandrasekar S, Kuipa S, Vargas AI, Ignatova T, Rotkin SV, Jedlicka SS. Cell cycle-dependent endocytosis of DNA-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes by neural progenitor cells. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2022; 2:100061. [PMID: 36425331 PMCID: PMC9680777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2022.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While exposure of C17.2 neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to nanomolar concentrations of carbon nanotubes (NTs) yields evidence of cellular substructure reorganization and alteration of cell division and differentiation, the mechanisms of NT entry are not understood. This study examines the entry modes of (GT)20 DNA-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) into NPCs. Several endocytic mechanisms were examined for responsibility in nanomaterial uptake and connections to alterations in cell development via cell-cycle regulation. Chemical cell-cycle arrest agents were used to synchronize NPCs in early G1, late G1/S, and G2/M phases at rates (>80%) aligned with previously documented levels of synchrony for stem cells. Synchronization led to the highest reduction in SWCNT internalization during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. Concurrently, known inhibitors of endocytosis were used to gain control over established endocytic machineries (receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), macropinocytosis (MP), and clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE)), which resulted in a decrease in uptake of SWCNTs across the board in comparison with the control. The outcome implicated RME as the primary mechanism of uptake while suggesting that other endocytic mechanisms, though still fractionally responsible, are not central to SWCNT uptake and can be supplemented by RME when compromised. Thereby, endocytosis of nanomaterials was shown to have a dependency on cell-cycle progression in NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Chandrasekar
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Sophia Kuipa
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Ana I. Vargas
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Tetyana Ignatova
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Slava V. Rotkin
- Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, Millennium Science Complex, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Sabrina S. Jedlicka
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
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6
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Chetyrkina MR, Fedorov FS, Nasibulin AG. In vitro toxicity of carbon nanotubes: a systematic review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16235-16256. [PMID: 35733671 PMCID: PMC9152879 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) toxicity-related issues provoke many debates in the scientific community. The controversial and disputable data about toxicity doses, proposed hazard effects, and human health concerns significantly restrict CNT applications in biomedical studies, laboratory practices, and industry, creating a barrier for mankind in the way of understanding how exactly the material behaves in contact with living systems. Raising the toxicity question again, many research groups conclude low toxicity of the material and its potential safeness at some doses for contact with biological systems. To get new momentum for researchers working on the intersection of the biological field and nanomaterials, i.e., CNT materials, we systematically reviewed existing studies with in vitro toxicological data to propose exact doses that yield toxic effects, summarize studied cell types for a more thorough comparison, the impact of incubation time, and applied toxicity tests. Using several criteria and different scientific databases, we identified and analyzed nearly 200 original publications forming a "golden core" of the field to propose safe doses of the material based on a statistical analysis of retrieved data. We also differentiated the impact of various forms of CNTs: on a substrate and in the form of dispersion because in both cases, some studies demonstrated good biocompatibility of CNTs. We revealed that CNTs located on a substrate had negligible impact, i.e., 90% of studies report good viability and cell behavior similar to control, therefore CNTs could be considered as a prospective conductive substrate for cell cultivation. In the case of dispersions, our analysis revealed mean values of dose/incubation time to be 4-5 μg mL-1 h-1, which suggested the material to be a suitable candidate for further studies to get a more in-depth understanding of its properties in biointerfaces and offer CNTs as a promising platform for fundamental studies in targeted drug delivery, chemotherapy, tissue engineering, biosensing fields, etc. We hope that the present systematic review will shed light on the current knowledge about CNT toxicity, indicate "dark" spots and offer possible directions for the subsequent studies based on the demonstrated here tabulated and statistical data of doses, cell models, toxicity tests, viability, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fedor S Fedorov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Nobel Str. 3 143026 Moscow Russia
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Nobel Str. 3 143026 Moscow Russia
- Aalto University FI-00076 15100 Espoo Finland
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7
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Assessment of the genotoxic potential of three novel composite nanomaterials using human lymphocytes and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as model systems. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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de Carvalho Lima EN, Octaviano ALM, Piqueira JRC, Diaz RS, Justo JF. Coronavirus and Carbon Nanotubes: Seeking Immunological Relationships to Discover Immunotherapeutic Possibilities. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:751-781. [PMID: 35241912 PMCID: PMC8887185 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s341890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, the world has faced an unprecedented pandemic crisis due to a new coronavirus disease, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which has instigated intensive studies on prevention and treatment possibilities. Here, we investigate the relationships between the immune activation induced by three coronaviruses associated with recent outbreaks, with special attention to SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, and the immune activation induced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to understand the points of convergence in immune induction and modulation. Evidence suggests that CNTs are among the most promising materials for use as immunotherapeutic agents. Therefore, this investigation explores new possibilities of effective immunotherapies for COVID-19. This study aimed to raise interest and knowledge about the use of CNTs as immunotherapeutic agents in coronavirus treatment. Thus, we summarize the most important immunological aspects of various coronavirus infections and describe key advances and challenges in using CNTs as immunotherapeutic agents against viral infections and the activation of the immune response induced by CNTs, which can shed light on the immunotherapeutic possibilities of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elidamar Nunes de Carvalho Lima
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Electronic Systems Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-010, Brazil
- Correspondence: Elidamar Nunes de Carvalho Lima, Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Luciano Gualberto – travessa 3 – 158, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-010, Brazil, Tel +55 11 3091-5647; +55 11 96326-5550, Email
| | - Ana Luiza Moraes Octaviano
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Castilho Piqueira
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Francisco Justo
- Electronic Systems Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-010, Brazil
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Thin films of functionalized carbon nanotubes support long-term maintenance and cardio-neuronal differentiation of canine induced pluripotent stem cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 40:102487. [PMID: 34740869 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine. However, their feeder-free maintenance in undifferentiated states remains challenging. In recent past extensive studies have been directed using pristine or functionalized carbon nanotube in tissue engineering. Here we proposed thin films of functionalized carbon nanotubes (OH-single-walled CNTs [SWCNTs] and OH-multiwalled CNTs [MWCNTs]), as alternatives for the feeder-free in vitro culture of canine iPSCs (ciPSCs), considered as the cellular model. The ciPSC colonies could maintain their dome-shaped compactness and other characteristics when propagated on CNT films. Concomitantly, high cell viability and upregulation of pluripotency-associated genes and cell adhesion molecules were observed, further supported by molecular docking. Moreover, CNTs did not have profound toxic effects compared to feeder cultures as evident by cytocompatibility studies. Further, cardiac and neuronal differentiation of ciPSCs was induced on these films to determine their influence on the differentiation process. The cells retained differentiation potential and the nanotopographical features of the substrates provided positive cues to enhance differentiation to both lineages as evident by immunocytochemical staining and marker gene expression. Overall, OH-SWCNT provided better cues, maintained pluripotency, and induced the differentiation of ciPSCs. These results indicate that OH-functionalized CNT films could be used as alternatives for the feeder-free maintenance of ciPSCs towards prospective utilization in regenerative medicine.
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Nurazzi NM, Sabaruddin FA, Harussani MM, Kamarudin SH, Rayung M, Asyraf MRM, Aisyah HA, Norrrahim MNF, Ilyas RA, Abdullah N, Zainudin ES, Sapuan SM, Khalina A. Mechanical Performance and Applications of CNTs Reinforced Polymer Composites-A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2186. [PMID: 34578502 PMCID: PMC8472375 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Developments in the synthesis and scalable manufacturing of carbon nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used in the polymer material industry over the last few decades, resulting in a series of fascinating multifunctional composites used in fields ranging from portable electronic devices, entertainment and sports to the military, aerospace, and automotive sectors. CNTs offer good thermal and electrical properties, as well as a low density and a high Young's modulus, making them suitable nanofillers for polymer composites. As mechanical reinforcements for structural applications CNTs are unique due to their nano-dimensions and size, as well as their incredible strength. Although a large number of studies have been conducted on these novel materials, there have only been a few reviews published on their mechanical performance in polymer composites. As a result, in this review we have covered some of the key application factors as well as the mechanical properties of CNTs-reinforced polymer composites. Finally, the potential uses of CNTs hybridised with polymer composites reinforced with natural fibres such as kenaf fibre, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibre, bamboo fibre, and sugar palm fibre have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. M. Nurazzi
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.M.N.); (F.A.S.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - F. A. Sabaruddin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.M.N.); (F.A.S.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
| | - M. M. Harussani
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - S. H. Kamarudin
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia;
| | - M. Rayung
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - M. R. M. Asyraf
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - H. A. Aisyah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.M.N.); (F.A.S.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - M. N. F. Norrrahim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Malaysia
| | - N. Abdullah
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - E. S. Zainudin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.M.N.); (F.A.S.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.M.N.); (F.A.S.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - A. Khalina
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.M.N.); (F.A.S.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
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de Carvalho Lima EN, Diaz RS, Justo JF, Castilho Piqueira JR. Advances and Perspectives in the Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Vaccine Development. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5411-5435. [PMID: 34408416 PMCID: PMC8367085 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s314308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanobiotechnology have allowed the utilization of nanotechnology through nanovaccines. Nanovaccines are powerful tools for enhancing the immunogenicity of a specific antigen and exhibit advantages over other adjuvant approaches, with features such as expanded stability, prolonged release, decreased immunotoxicity, and immunogenic selectivity. We introduce recent advances in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to induce either a carrier effect as a nanoplatform or an immunostimulatory effect. Several studies of CNT-based nanovaccines revealed that due to the ability of CNTs to carry immunogenic molecules, they can act as nonclassical vaccines, a quality not possessed by vaccines with traditional formulations. Therefore, adapting and modifying the physicochemical properties of CNTs for use in vaccines may additionally enhance their efficacy in inducing a T cell-based immune response. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to renew and awaken interest in and knowledge of the safe use of CNTs as adjuvants and carriers in vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elidamar Nunes de Carvalho Lima
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Francisco Justo
- Electronic Systems Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Castilho Piqueira
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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The role of single- and multi-walled carbon nanotube in breast cancer treatment. Ther Deliv 2020; 11:653-672. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have been conducted to design new strategies for breast cancer treatment. Past studies have shown a wide range of carbon-nanomaterials properties, such as single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this regard, the current study aims to review the role of both SWCNTs and MWCNTs in breast cancer treatment and diagnosis. For reaching this goal, we reviewed the literature by using various searching engines such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and MEDLINE. This comprehensive review showed that CNTs could dramatically improve breast cancer treatment and could be used as a novel modality to increase diagnostic accuracy; however, no clinical studies have been conducted based on CNTs. In addition, the literature review demonstrates a lack of enough studies to evaluate the side effects of using CNTs.
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13
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The Importance of Evaluating the Lot-to-Lot Batch Consistency of Commercial Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Products. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101930. [PMID: 32992617 PMCID: PMC7601794 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The biological response of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) is related to their physicochemical properties and a thorough MWNT characterization should accompany an assessment of their biological activity, including their potential toxicity. Beyond characterizing the physicochemical properties of MWNTs from different sources or manufacturers, it is also important to characterize different production lots of the same MWNT product from the same vendor (i.e., lot-to-lot batch consistency). Herein, we present a comprehensive physicochemical characterization of two lots of commercial pristine MWNTs (pMWNTs) and carboxylated MWNTs (cMWNTs) used to study the response of mammalian macrophages to MWNTs. There were many similarities between the physicochemical properties of the two lots of cMWNTs and neither significantly diminished the 24-h proliferation of RAW 264.7 macrophages up to the highest concentration tested (200 μg cMWNTs/mL). Conversely, several physicochemical properties of the two lots of pMWNTs were different; notably, the newer lot of pMWNTs displayed less oxidative stability, a higher defect density, and a smaller amount of surface oxygen species relative to the original lot. Furthermore, a 72-h half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC-50) of ~90 µg pMWNTs/mL was determined for RAW 264.7 cells with the new lot of pMWNTs. These results demonstrate that subtle physicochemical differences can lead to significantly dissimilar cellular responses, and that production-lot consistency must be considered when assessing the toxicity of MWNTs.
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14
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Far-reaching advances in the role of carbon nanotubes in cancer therapy. Life Sci 2020; 257:118059. [PMID: 32659368 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer includes a group of diseases involving unregulated cell growth with the potential to invade or expand to other parts of the body, resulting in an estimate of 9.6 million deaths worldwide in 2018. Manifold studies have been conducted to design more efficacious techniques for cancer therapy due to the inadequacy of conventional treatments including chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. With the advances in the biomedical applications of nanotechnology-based systems, nanomaterials have gained increasing attention as promising vehicles for targeted cancer therapy and optimizing treatment outcomes. Owing to their outstanding thermal, electrical, optical and chemical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been profoundly studied to explore the various perspectives of their application in cancer treatment. The current study aims to review the role of CNTs whether as a carrier or mediator in cancer treatment for enhancing the efficacy as well as the specificity of therapy and reducing adverse side effects. This comprehensive review indicates that CNTs have the capability to be the next generation nanomaterials to actualize noninvasive targeted eradication of tumors. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the consequences of their biomedical application before the transition into clinical trials, since possible adverse effects of CNTs on biological systems have not been clearly understood.
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15
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Mohammadi E, Zeinali M, Mohammadi-Sardoo M, Iranpour M, Behnam B, Mandegary A. The effects of functionalization of carbon nanotubes on toxicological parameters in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1147-1167. [PMID: 31957491 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119899988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a new class of multifunctional nanoparticles in biomedicine, but their multiple in vivo effects remain unclear. Also, the impact of various functionalization types and duration of exposures are still unidentified. Herein, we report a complete toxicological study to evaluate the effects of single- and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) with either amine or carboxylic acid (COOH) surface functional groups. The results showed that significant oxidative stress and the subsequent cell apoptosis could be resulted in both acute and, mainly, in chronic intravenous administrations. Also, male reproductive parameters were altered during these exposures. The amino-functionalized CNTs had more toxic properties compared with the COOH functionalized group, and also, in some groups, the multiwalled nanotubes were more active in eliciting cytotoxicity than the single-walled nanotubes. Interestingly, the SWCNTs-COOH had the least alterations in most of the parameters. Evidently, it is concluded that the toxicity of CNTs in specific organs can be minimized through particular surface functionalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M Zeinali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - M Mohammadi-Sardoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M Iranpour
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - B Behnam
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - A Mandegary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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16
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Khazi-Syed A, Hasan MT, Campbell E, Gonzalez-Rodriguez R, Naumov AV. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Assisted Antibiotic Delivery and Imaging in S. epidermidis Strains Addressing Antibiotic Resistance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1685. [PMID: 31775318 PMCID: PMC6955706 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although conventional antibiotics have evolved as a staple of modern medicine, increasing antibiotic resistance and the lack of antibiotic efficacy against new bacterial threats is becoming a major medical threat. In this work, we employ single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) known to deliver and track therapeutics in mammalian cells via intrinsic near-infrared fluorescence as carriers enhancing antibacterial delivery of doxycycline and methicillin. SWCNTs dispersed in water by antibiotics without the use of toxic bile salt surfactants facilitate efficacy enhancement for both antibiotics against Staphylococcus epidermidis strain showing minimal sensitivity to methicillin. Doxycycline to which the strain did not show resistance in complex with SWCNTs provides only minor increase in efficacy, whereas the SWCNTs/methicillin complex yields up to 40-fold efficacy enhancement over antibiotics alone, suggesting that SWCNT-assisted delivery may circumvent antibiotic resistance in that bacterial strain. At the same time SWCNT/antibiotic formulations appear to be less toxic to mammalian cells than antibiotics alone suggesting that nanomaterial platforms may not restrict potential biomedical applications. The improvement in antibacterial performance with SWCNT delivery is tested via 3 independent assays-colony count, MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) turbidity and disk diffusion, with the statistical significance of the latter verified by ANOVA and Dunnett's method. The potential mechanism of action is attributed to SWCNT interactions with bacterial cell wall and adherence to the membrane, as substantial association of SWCNT with bacteria is observed-the near-infrared fluorescence microscopy of treated bacteria shows localization of SWCNT fluorescence in bacterial clusters, scanning electron microscopy verifies SWCNT association with bacterial surface, whereas transmission electron microscopy shows individual SWCNT penetration into bacterial cell wall. This work characterizes SWCNTs as novel advantageous antibiotic delivery/imaging agents having the potential to address antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afeefah Khazi-Syed
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298840, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA; (A.K.-S.); (M.T.H.); (E.C.)
| | - Md Tanvir Hasan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298840, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA; (A.K.-S.); (M.T.H.); (E.C.)
| | - Elizabeth Campbell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298840, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA; (A.K.-S.); (M.T.H.); (E.C.)
| | - Roberto Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298860, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA;
| | - Anton V. Naumov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298840, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA; (A.K.-S.); (M.T.H.); (E.C.)
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17
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Hofferber EM, Stapleton JA, Adams J, Kuss M, Duan B, Iverson NM. Implantable Nanotube Sensor Platform for Rapid Analyte Detection. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1800469. [PMID: 30942955 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles within living systems is a growing field, but the long-term effects of introducing nanoparticles to a biological system are unknown. If nanoparticles remain localized after in vivo implantation unanticipated side effects due to unknown biodistribution can be avoided. Unfortunately, stabilization and retention of nanoparticles frequently alters their function.[1] In this work multiple hydrogel platforms are developed to look at long-term localization of nanoparticle sensors with the goal of developing a sensor platform that will stabilize and localize the nanoparticles without altering their function. Two different hydrogel platforms are presented, one with a liquid core of sensors and another with sensors decorating the hydrogel's exterior, that are capable of localizing the nanoparticles without inhibiting their function. With the use of these new hydrogel platforms nanoparticle sensors can be easily implanted in vivo and utilized without concerns of nanoparticle impact on the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Michael Hofferber
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 233 L. W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0726, USA
| | - Joseph Anthony Stapleton
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 233 L. W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0726, USA
| | - Janelle Adams
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 233 L. W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0726, USA
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, DRC II 6035, UNMC, Omaha, NE, 68198-5965, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, DRC II 6035, UNMC, Omaha, NE, 68198-5965, USA
| | - Nicole Marie Iverson
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 233 L. W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0726, USA
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18
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Kavosi A, Hosseini Ghale Noei S, Madani S, Khalighfard S, Khodayari S, Khodayari H, Mirzaei M, Kalhori MR, Yavarian M, Alizadeh AM, Falahati M. The toxicity and therapeutic effects of single-and multi-wall carbon nanotubes on mice breast cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8375. [PMID: 29849103 PMCID: PMC5976726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we have investigated the toxicity of SWCNTs and MWCNTs in vitro and in vivo, and assessed their therapeutic effects on a typical animal model of breast cancer in order to obtain: first, the cytotoxicity effects of CNTs on MC4L2 cell and mice, second the impact of CNTs on ablation of breast tumor. CNTs especially SWCNTs were toxic to organs and induced death at high dosages. In this case, some of the liver cells showed a relative shrinkage which was also confirmed by Annexin test in MC4L2 cells. Moreover, CNTs decreased the tumor volume. BCL2 gene was down-regulated, and BAX and Caspase-3 were also up-regulated in the treated groups with CNTs. As a result, CNTs especially MWCNT in lower dosages can be used as a promising drug delivery vehicle for targeted therapy of abnormal cells in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Kavosi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Science branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Hosseini Ghale Noei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Science branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Madani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Science branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Khalighfard
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Khodayari
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Khodayari
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Breast Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Majid Yavarian
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Breast Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advance Science and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Mice pancreatic islets protection from oxidative stress induced by single-walled carbon nanotubes through naringin. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37:1268-1281. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327118769704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The growing use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) emphasizes the importance of its potential toxic effects on the human health. Previous studies proved that CNTs caused oxidative stress and decreased cell viability. On the other hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress impaired β-cell functions and reduced the insulin secretion. However, there is not any study on the effects of CNTs on islets and β-cells. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) on oxidative stress in islets in addition to the protective effects of naringin (NRG) as an antioxidant . We examined the effects of SWCNTs and naringin on islets by 3,4 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; measurement of insulin secretion, ROS, and malondialdehyde (MDA); activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (GSH-Px); and content of GSH and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The MTT assay demonstrated that decreased viability of islets cells was dose-dependent with exposure to SWCNTs. Further studies revealed that SWCNTs decreased insulin secretion and MMP, induced the formation of ROS, increased the level of MDA, and decreased the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT and content of GSH. Furthermore, the pretreatment of islets with naringin significantly reverted back these changes. These findings revealed that SWCNTs might induce the oxidative stress to pancreatic islets, causing the occurrence of diabetes, and the protective effects of naringin that was mediated by augmentation of the antioxidant defense system of islets. Our research indicated the necessity for further in vivo and in vitro researches on the effects of SWCNTs and naringin on diabetes.
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21
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Santana C, Hoyos L, Pérez J, Bustamante J, García A. A novel functionalization method for carbon nanotubes to repel ox-LDL in treatments after stent placement. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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González-Domínguez E, Iturrioz-Rodríguez N, Padín-González E, Villegas J, García-Hevia L, Pérez-Lorenzo M, Parak WJ, Correa-Duarte MA, Fanarraga ML. Carbon nanotubes gathered onto silica particles lose their biomimetic properties with the cytoskeleton becoming biocompatible. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6317-6328. [PMID: 28919736 PMCID: PMC5587187 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s141794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are likely to transform the therapeutic and diagnostic fields in biomedicine during the coming years. However, the fragmented vision of their side effects and toxicity in humans has proscribed their use as nanomedicines. Most studies agree that biocompatibility depends on the state of aggregation/dispersion of CNTs under physiological conditions, but conclusions are confusing so far. This study designs an experimental setup to investigate the cytotoxic effect of individualized multiwalled CNTs compared to that of identical nanotubes assembled on submicrometric structures. Our results demonstrate how CNT cytotoxicity is directly dependent on the nanotube dispersion at a given dosage. When CNTs are gathered onto silica templates, they do not interfere with cell proliferation or survival becoming highly compatible. These results support the hypothesis that CNT cytotoxicity is due to the biomimetics of these nanomaterials with the intracellular nanofilaments. These findings provide major clues for the development of innocuous CNT-containing nanodevices and nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena González-Domínguez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Southern Galicia Institute of Health Research (IISSG), Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan Villegas
- Nanomedicine Group, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Moisés Pérez-Lorenzo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Southern Galicia Institute of Health Research (IISSG), Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Department of Physics, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Miguel A Correa-Duarte
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Southern Galicia Institute of Health Research (IISSG), Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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23
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Sharma A, Jyoti K, Bansal V, Jain UK, Bhushan B, Madan J. Soluble telmisartan bearing poly (ethylene glycol) conjugated chitosan nanoparticles augmented drug delivery, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and cellular uptake in human cervical cancer cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 72:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Gao Z, Varela JA, Groc L, Lounis B, Cognet L. Toward the suppression of cellular toxicity from single-walled carbon nanotubes. Biomater Sci 2017; 4:230-44. [PMID: 26678092 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00134j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the multidisciplinary fields of nanobiology and nanomedicine, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have shown great promise due to their unique morphological, physical and chemical properties. However, understanding and suppressing their cellular toxicity is a mandatory step before promoting their biomedical applications. In light of the flourishing recent literature, we provide here an extensive review on SWCNT cellular toxicity and an attempt to identify the key parameters to be considered in order to obtain SWCNT samples with minimal or no cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Gao
- Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numerique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France and Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Juan A Varela
- Univ. Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France and CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Groc
- Univ. Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France and CNRS, IINS UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Brahim Lounis
- Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numerique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France and Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Laurent Cognet
- Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numerique et Nanosciences, UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France and Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France.
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25
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Braun EI, Draper R, Pantano P. Enriched surface acidity for surfactant-free suspensions of carboxylated carbon nanotubes purified by centrifugation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 8:26-33. [PMID: 27695672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that surfactant-suspended carbon nanotube (CNT) samples can be purified by centrifugation to decrease agglomerates and increase individually-dispersed CNTs. However, centrifugation is not always part of protocols to prepare CNT samples used in biomedical applications. Herein, using carboxylated multi-walled CNTs (cMWCNTs) suspended in water without a surfactant, we developed a Boehm titrimetric method for the analysis of centrifuged cMWCNT suspensions and used it to show that the surface acidity of oxidized carbon materials in aqueous cMWCNT suspensions was enriched by ~40% by a single low-speed centrifugation step. This significant difference in surface acidity between un-centrifuged and centrifuged cMWCNT suspensions has not been previously appreciated and is important because the degree of surface acidity is known to affect the interactions of cMWCNTs with biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I Braun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Rockford Draper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA; Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Paul Pantano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA; Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
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26
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Alshehri R, Ilyas AM, Hasan A, Arnaout A, Ahmed F, Memic A. Carbon Nanotubes in Biomedical Applications: Factors, Mechanisms, and Remedies of Toxicity. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8149-67. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Alshehri
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asad Muhammad Ilyas
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Biomaterials
Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department
of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Boston Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Adnan Arnaout
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Memic
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Bayat N, Lopes VR, Schölermann J, Jensen LD, Cristobal S. Vascular toxicity of ultra-small TiO2 nanoparticles and single walled carbon nanotubes in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials 2015; 63:1-13. [PMID: 26066004 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-small nanoparticles (USNPs) at 1-3 nm are a subset of nanoparticles (NPs) that exhibit intermediate physicochemical properties between molecular dispersions and larger NPs. Despite interest in their utilization in applications such as theranostics, limited data about their toxicity exist. Here the effect of TiO2-USNPs on endothelial cells in vitro, and zebrafish embryos in vivo, was studied and compared to larger TiO2-NPs (30 nm) and to single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). In vitro exposure showed that TiO2-USNPs were neither cytotoxic, nor had oxidative ability, nevertheless were genotoxic. In vivo experiment in early developing zebrafish embryos in water at high concentrations of TiO2-USNPs caused mortality possibly by acidifying the water and caused malformations in the form of pericardial edema when injected. Myo1C involved in glomerular development of zebrafish embryos was upregulated in embryos exposed to TiO2-USNPs. They also exhibited anti-angiogenic effects both in vitro and in vivo plus decreased nitric oxide concentration. The larger TiO2-NPs were genotoxic but not cytotoxic. SWCNTs were cytotoxic in vitro and had the highest oxidative ability. Neither of these NPs had significant effects in vivo. To our knowledge this is the first study evaluating the effects of TiO2-USNPs on vascular toxicity in vitro and in vivo and this strategy could unravel USNPs potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Bayat
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viviana R Lopes
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Julia Schölermann
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Biomaterials, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lasse Dahl Jensen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Susana Cristobal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.
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28
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Hsiao YP, Lai WW, Wu SB, Tsai CH, Tang SC, Chung JG, Yang JH. Triggering apoptotic death of human epidermal keratinocytes by malic Acid: involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress- and mitochondria-dependent signaling pathways. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:81-96. [PMID: 25584429 PMCID: PMC4303815 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malic acid (MA) has been commonly used in cosmetic products, but the safety reports in skin are sparse. To investigate the biological effects of MA in human skin keratinocytes, we investigated the potential cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of MA in human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT). The data showed that MA induced apoptosis based on the observations of DAPI staining, DNA fragmentation, and sub-G1 phase in HaCaT cells and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Flow cytometric assays also showed that MA increased the production of mitochondrial superoxide (mito-SOX) but decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. Analysis of bioenergetics function with the XF 24 analyzer Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer demonstrated that oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was significantly decreased whereas extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) was increased in MA-treated keratinocytes. The occurrence of apoptosis was proved by the increased expressions of FasL, Fas, Bax, Bid, caspases-3, -8, -9, cytochrome c, and the declined expressions of Bcl-2, PARP. MA also induced endoplasmic reticulum stress associated protein expression such as GRP78, GADD153, and ATF6α. We demonstrated that MA had anti-proliferative effect in HaCaT cell through the inhibition of cell cycle progression at G0/G1, and the induction of programmed cell death through endoplasmic reticulum stress- and mitochondria-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 402 Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Wen Lai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 402 Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shi-Bei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, 112 Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Hung Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 402 Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Sheau-Chung Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, 907 Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Hung Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, 907 Hualien, Taiwan.
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29
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Hu Z, Zhao J, Song Z, Yang C. Filled and peptide-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro test for cancer cell targeting. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17047d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-functional single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with metal endohedral filling and a high degree of polycarboxylation on the sidewalls were synthesized without affecting the SWNTσ-framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- China
- Department of Applied Chemistry
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing, 100029
- China
| | - Zhaozheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- China
| | - Chunpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- China University of Petroleum
- Beijing 102249
- China
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30
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Monaco AM, Giugliano M. Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:1849-63. [PMID: 25383297 PMCID: PMC4222354 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The search for advanced biomimetic materials that are capable of offering a scaffold for biological tissues during regeneration or of electrically connecting artificial devices with cellular structures to restore damaged brain functions is at the forefront of interdisciplinary research in materials science. Bioactive nanoparticles for drug delivery, substrates for nerve regeneration and active guidance, as well as supramolecular architectures mimicking the extracellular environment to reduce inflammatory responses in brain implants, are within reach thanks to the advancements in nanotechnology. In particular, carbon-based nanostructured materials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanodiamonds (NDs), have demonstrated to be highly promising materials for designing and fabricating nanoelectrodes and substrates for cell growth, by virtue of their peerless optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. In this review we discuss the state-of-the-art in the applications of nanomaterials in biological and biomedical fields, with a particular emphasis on neuroengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina M Monaco
- Theoretical Neurobiology and Neuroengineering Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Michele Giugliano
- Theoretical Neurobiology and Neuroengineering Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, S1 4DP Sheffield, UK
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31
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Braun EI, Pantano P. The importance of an extensive elemental analysis of single-walled carbon nanotube soot. CARBON 2014; 77:912-919. [PMID: 25110357 PMCID: PMC4125567 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Few manufacturers provide elemental analysis information on the certificates of analysis of their single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) soot products, and those who do primarily perform surface sensitive analyses that may not accurately represent the bulk properties of heterogeneous soot samples. Since the accurate elemental analysis of SWCNT soot is a requisite for exacting assessments of product quality and environmental health and safety (EH&S) risk, the purpose of this work was to develop a routine laboratory procedure for an extensive elemental analysis of SWCNT soot using bulk methods of analyses. Herein, a combination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen (CHNS/O) combustion analyses, oxygen flask combustion/anion chromatography (OFC/AC), graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) were used to generate a 77-element analysis of two as-received CoMoCAT® SWCNT soot products. Fourteen elements were detected in one product, nineteen in the other, and each data set was compared to its respective certificate of analysis. The addition of the OFC/AC results improved the accuracy of elements detected by GF-AAS and ICP-MS, and an assessment was performed on the results that concluded that the trace elemental impurities should not pose an EH&S concern if these soot products became airborne.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Pantano
- Corresponding author. Paul Pantano, Tel: 972-883-6226,
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32
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Kato H, Nakamura A, Horie M. Acceleration of suspending single-walled carbon nanotubes in BSA aqueous solution induced by amino acid molecules. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 437:156-162. [PMID: 25313479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) suspensions in aqueous media were prepared using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and amino acid molecules. It was found that the amino acid molecules clearly decreased the time required for suspending the SWCNTs in BSA aqueous solutions. Dynamic light scattering measurements revealed that the particle sizes of the SWCNTs suspended in aqueous media with and without amino acid molecules were approximately the same and stable for more than one week. The zeta potential values of the BSA molecules in pure water and amino acid aqueous solutions were different, and these values were also reflected in the surface potential of colloidal SWCNT particles in the corresponding aqueous media, thus inducing different dispersibility of SWCNTs in aqueous media. Pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance measurements showed that the interactions between the SWCNTs and the amino acid molecules are weak and comprise chemical exchange interactions and not bonding interactions. Amino acid molecules play a fascinating role in the preparation of SWCNT suspensions in BSA aqueous media by increasing electrostatic repulsive interactions between SWCNT colloidal particles and consequently enhancing the dispersion ability of the BSA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhisa Kato
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Ayako Nakamura
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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Khalid P, Hussain MA, Rekha PD, Arun AB. Carbon nanotube-reinforced hydroxyapatite composite and their interaction with human osteoblast in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:548-56. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114550883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
As a bone mineral component, hydroxyapatite (HA) has been an attractive bioceramic for the reconstruction of hard tissues. However, its poor mechanical properties, including low fracture toughness and tensile strength, have been a substantial challenge to the application of HA for the replacement of load-bearing and/or large bone defects. In this study, HA is reinforced with high-purity and well-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs; >99 wt%) having an average diameter of 15 nm and length from 10 to 20 μm. The cellular response of these functionalized CNTs and its composites were examined in human osteoblast sarcoma cell lines. Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) were used to synthesize HA in situ. MWCNTs were functionalized by heating at 100°C in 3:1 ratio of sulfuric acid and nitric acid for 60 min with stirring and dispersed in sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate by sonication. HA particles were produced in MWCNTs solution by adding Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and (NH4)2HPO4 under vigorously stirring conditions. The composite was dried and washed in distilled water followed by heat treatment at 250°C to obtain CNT-HA powder. Physiochemical characterization of the composite material was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and X-ray diffractometer. Furthermore, this study investigates the cytotoxic effects of functionalized-MWCNTs (f-MWCNTs) and its composites with HA in human osteoblast sarcoma cell lines. Human osteoblast cells were exposed with different concentrations of f-MWCNTs and its composite with HA. The interactions of f-MWCNT and MWCNT-HA composites were analyzed by 3-(4,5–dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The results indicate no detrimental effect on survival or mitochondrial activity of the osteoblast cells. Cell viability decreased with an increase in CNT concentration indicating that MWCNTs and its composite can be cytotoxic at higher dosages. This result provides further evidence that the bionano interface can be developed for CNT-reinforced HA composites for load-bearing bone implants, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Khalid
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biotechnology, P. A. College of Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - MA Hussain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - PD Rekha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - AB Arun
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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34
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Valiani A, Hashemibeni B, Esfandiary E, Ansar MM, Kazemi M, Esmaeili N. Study of carbon nano-tubes effects on the chondrogenesis of human adipose derived stem cells in alginate scaffold. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5:825-34. [PMID: 25104993 PMCID: PMC4124559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is one of the most common diseases in middle-aged populations in the World and could become the fourth principal cause of disability by the year 2020. One of the critical properties for cartilage tissue engineering (TE) is the ability of scaffolds to closely mimic the extracellular matrix and bond to the host tissue. Therefore, TE has been presented as a technique to introduce the best combination of cells and biomaterial scaffold and to stimulate growth factors to produce a cartilage tissue resembling natural articular cartilage. The aim of study is to improve differentiation of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) into chondrocytes in order to provide a safe and modern treatment for patients suffering from cartilage damages. METHODS After functionalization, dispersions and sterilizing carbon nano-tubes (CNTs), a new type of nanocomposite gel was prepared from water-soluble CNTs and alginate. ADSCs seeded in 1.5% alginate scaffold and cultured in chondrogenic media with and without transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) for 7 and 14 days. The genes expression of sex determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9), types II and X collagens was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and the amount of aggrecan (AGC) and type I collagen was measured by ELISA. RESULTS Our findings showed that the expression of essential cartilage markers, SOX9, type II collagen and AGC, in differentiated ADSCs at the concentration of 1 μg/ml CNTs in the presence of TGF-β1 were significantly increased in comparison with the control group (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, type X collagen expression and also type I collagen production were significantly decreased (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results showed that utilized three-dimensional scaffold had a brilliant effect in promoting gene expression of chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Valiani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R., Iran
| | - Batool Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R., Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiary
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R., Iran
| | - Malek Masoud Ansar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, I.R, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R., Iran
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeili
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R., Iran
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35
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Singh AV, Mehta KK, Worley K, Dordick JS, Kane RS, Wan LQ. Carbon nanotube-induced loss of multicellular chirality on micropatterned substrate is mediated by oxidative stress. ACS NANO 2014; 8:2196-2205. [PMID: 24559311 DOI: 10.1021/nn405253d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are receiving much attention in medicine, electronics, consumer products, and next-generation nanocomposites because of their unique nanoscale properties. However, little is known about the toxicity and oxidative stress related anomalies of CNTs on complex multicellular behavior. This includes cell chirality, a newly discovered cellular property important for embryonic morphogenesis and demonstrated by directional migration and biased alignment on micropatterned surfaces. In this study, we report the influence of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on multicellular chirality. The incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVECs) and mouse myoblasts (C2C12) with CNTs at different doses and time points stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and intra- and extracellular oxidative stress (OS). The OS-mediated noxious microenvironment influences vital subcellular organelles (e.g., mitochondria and centrosomes), cytoskeletal elements (microtubules), and vinculin rich focal adhesions. The disorientated nuclear-centrosome (NC) axis and centriole disintegration lead to a decreased migration rate and loss of directional alignment on micropatterned surfaces. These findings suggest that CNT-mediated OS leads to loss of multicellular chirality. Furthermore, the in vitro microscale system presented here to measure cell chirality can be extended as a prototype for testing toxicity of other nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay V Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
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36
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Chilek J, Wang R, Draper RK, Pantano P. Use of gel electrophoresis and Raman spectroscopy to characterize the effect of the electronic structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes on cellular uptake. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2882-7. [PMID: 24564772 PMCID: PMC3982961 DOI: 10.1021/ac403827m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that the uptake of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by living cells depends on factors such as SWNT length and surface chemistry. Surprisingly, little is known about whether the electronic structure of a SWNT influences uptake. One reason for this has been the lack of methods to measure the uptake of SWNTs by cell populations. Previously, we developed a rapid, sensitive, and label-free sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) method for measuring the amount of SWNTs in lysates prepared from cultured cells ( Wang et al. Anal. Chem. 2009 , 81 , 2944 ). Herein, we describe the use of SDS-PAGE and microprobe Raman spectroscopy to detect and distinguish the electronic structure of SWNTs internalized by mammalian cells. Using normal rat kidney (NRK) cells and SWNTs dispersed with bovine serum albumin (BSA), we demonstrate that the method can detect both metallic and semiconducting SWNTs in lysates of cells that had internalized BSA-SWNTs and that the uptake of BSA-SWNTs by NRK cells is not influenced by SWNT electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer
L. Chilek
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and The Alan G. MacDiarmid
NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas
at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United
States
| | - Ruhung Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and The Alan G. MacDiarmid
NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas
at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United
States
| | - Rockford K. Draper
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and The Alan G. MacDiarmid
NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas
at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United
States
| | - Paul Pantano
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and The Alan G. MacDiarmid
NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas
at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United
States
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37
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Villegas JC, Álvarez-Montes L, Rodríguez-Fernández L, González J, Valiente R, Fanarraga ML. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes hinder microglia function interfering with cell migration and phagocytosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:424-32. [PMID: 23950018 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The intranasal drug delivery route provides exciting expectations regarding the application of engineered nanomaterials as nano-medicines or drug-delivery vectors into the brain. Among nanomaterials, multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) are some of the best candidates for brain cancer therapy since they are well known to go across cellular barriers and display an intrinsic ability to block cancer cell proliferation triggering apoptosis. This study reveals that microglial cells, the brain macrophages and putative vehicles for MWCNTs into the brain, undergo a dose-dependent cell division arrest and apoptosis when treated with MWCNTs. Moreover, it is shown that MWCNTs severely interfere with both cell migration and phagocytosis in live microglia. These results lead to a re-evaluation of the safety of inhaled airborne CNTs and provide strategic clues of how to biocompatibilize MWCNTs to reduce brain macrophage damage and to develop new nanodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Villegas
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular; Universidad de Cantabria-IFIMAV; 39011 Santander Spain
| | | | | | - Jesús González
- MALTA-Consolider Team, CITIMAC, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Cantabria; 39005 Santander Spain
| | - Rafael Valiente
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Cantabria; 39005 Santander Spain
| | - Mónica L. Fanarraga
- Departamento de Biología Molecular; Universidad de Cantabria-IFIMAV; 39011 Santander Spain
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38
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Ahlinder L, Ekstrand-Hammarström B, Geladi P, Osterlund L. Large uptake of titania and iron oxide nanoparticles in the nucleus of lung epithelial cells as measured by Raman imaging and multivariate classification. Biophys J 2014; 105:310-9. [PMID: 23870252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a challenging task to characterize the biodistribution of nanoparticles in cells and tissue on a subcellular level. Conventional methods to study the interaction of nanoparticles with living cells rely on labeling techniques that either selectively stain the particles or selectively tag them with tracer molecules. In this work, Raman imaging, a label-free technique that requires no extensive sample preparation, was combined with multivariate classification to quantify the spatial distribution of oxide nanoparticles inside living lung epithelial cells (A549). Cells were exposed to TiO2 (titania) and/or α-FeO(OH) (goethite) nanoparticles at various incubation times (4 or 48 h). Using multivariate classification of hyperspectral Raman data with partial least-squares discriminant analysis, we show that a surprisingly large fraction of spectra, classified as belonging to the cell nucleus, show Raman bands associated with nanoparticles. Up to 40% of spectra from the cell nucleus show Raman bands associated with nanoparticles. Complementary transmission electron microscopy data for thin cell sections qualitatively support the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Ahlinder
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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39
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Liu Y, Huang J, Sun MJ, Yu JC, Chen YL, Zhang YQ, Jiang SJ, Shen QD. A fluorescence-Raman dual-imaging platform based on complexes of conjugated polymers and carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:1480-1489. [PMID: 24316716 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr04430k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes a flexible nanoplatform based on electrostatic assembly of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (cMWNTs). It is demonstrated that the obtained nanocomposites inherit intrinsic optical properties of CPEs and characteristic Raman vibration modes of MWNTs, providing a fluorescence-Raman dual-imaging method for intracellular tracking and locating of MWNTs. We suggest that the cellular internalization of the CPE-cMWNT nanocomposites is a surface charge-dependent process. The strengths of this nanoplatform include satisfying biocompatibility, enhanced protein-repellent property, and ease of implementation, making it available for both in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering and Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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40
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Kato H, Nakamura A, Horie M. Behavior of surfactants in aqueous dispersions of single-walled carbon nanotubes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45181j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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41
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Moorthy MS, Park JH, Bae JH, Kim SH, Ha CS. Mesoporous organosilica hybrids with a tunable amphoteric framework for controlled drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6487-6499. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00808a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The integrated nitrile groups in the pore walls of the DU-MSH-CN were converted into reactive –COOH or –NH2groups, by an acid or base hydrolysis technique to achieve large amounts of either –COOH or –NH2groups into the pore walls. Thein vitrodrug release and biocompatibility tests proved the organosilica hybrids suitable for drug carriers in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji-Hye Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Bae
- Department of Biochemistry
- School of Medicine
- Pusan National University
- Yangsan Hospital
- Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry
- School of Medicine
- Pusan National University
- Yangsan Hospital
- Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Chang-Sik Ha
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735, Korea
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42
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Yang YX, Song ZM, Cheng B, Xiang K, Chen XX, Liu JH, Cao A, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang H. Evaluation of the toxicity of food additive silica nanoparticles on gastrointestinal cells. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:424-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Yang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Zheng-Mei Song
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Kun Xiang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xin-Xin Chen
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Aoneng Cao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yuanfang Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
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43
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Jung GB, Lee YJ, Lee G, Park HK. A simple and rapid detection of tissue adhesive-induced biochemical changes in cells and DNA using Raman spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:2673-82. [PMID: 24298425 PMCID: PMC3829560 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a cytotoxicity evaluation of tissue adhesive using Raman spectroscopy. This method allows for quantitative, label-free, non-invasive and rapid monitoring of the biochemical changes of cells following tissue adhesive treatment. Here, we show the biochemical property changes in mouse fibroblast L929 cells and cellular DNA following tissue adhesive (Dermabond) treatment using Raman spectroscopy. The Raman band intensities were significantly decreased when the cells were treated with Dermabond as compared to control cells. These results suggest denaturation and conformational changes in proteins and degradation of DNA related to cell death. To support these conclusions, conventional cytotoxicity assays such as WST, LIVE/DEAD, and TUNEL were carried out, and the results were in agreement with the Raman results. Thus, Raman spectroscopy analysis not only distinguishes between viable and damaged cells, but can also be used for identification and quantification of a cytotoxicity of tissue adhesive, which based on the cellular biochemical and structural changes at a molecular level. Therefore, we suggest that this method could be used for cytotoxic evaluation of tissue adhesives by rapid and sensitive detection of cellular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Bok Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Healthcare Industry Research Institute, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Healthcare Industry Research Institute, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Gihyun Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Hun-Kuk Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Healthcare Industry Research Institute, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
- Program of Medical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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Du J, Wang S, You H, Zhao X. Understanding the toxicity of carbon nanotubes in the environment is crucial to the control of nanomaterials in producing and processing and the assessment of health risk for human: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:451-462. [PMID: 23770455 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
With the development and application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the potential hazards of CNTs to biological systems and the environment are getting more and more attention. This review evaluated the effects of physicochemical properties of CNTs on toxicity and summarized the advances on the mechanism of CNTs toxicity. We also proposed the possible hazards associated with CNTs and harmful effects resulting from exposure of aquatic animals, bacteria and higher plants to CNTs in vitro and in vivo. The current knowledge and gaps on CNTs were outlined as a potential problem for the environment and human health. The current research gaps on CNTs toxicity were identified and the further studying focus was proposed, too. This essay concluded with a set of recommendations for the advancement of understanding of the role of CNTs and future challenges in environmental and ecotoxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Shutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Hong You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Xuesong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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Saptarshi SR, Duschl A, Lopata AL. Interaction of nanoparticles with proteins: relation to bio-reactivity of the nanoparticle. J Nanobiotechnology 2013; 11:26. [PMID: 23870291 PMCID: PMC3720198 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-11-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction of nanoparticles with proteins is the basis of nanoparticle bio-reactivity. This interaction gives rise to the formation of a dynamic nanoparticle-protein corona. The protein corona may influence cellular uptake, inflammation, accumulation, degradation and clearance of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the nanoparticle surface can induce conformational changes in adsorbed protein molecules which may affect the overall bio-reactivity of the nanoparticle. In depth understanding of such interactions can be directed towards generating bio-compatible nanomaterials with controlled surface characteristics in a biological environment. The main aim of this review is to summarise current knowledge on factors that influence nanoparticle-protein interactions and their implications on cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti R Saptarshi
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Molecular Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Bertulli C, Beeson HJ, Hasan T, Huang YYS. Spectroscopic characterization of protein-wrapped single-wall carbon nanotubes and quantification of their cellular uptake in multiple cell generations. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:265102. [PMID: 23735781 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/26/265102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the spectral characteristics of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein conjugated single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and quantify their uptake by macrophages. The binding of BSA onto the SWNT surface is found to change the protein structure and to increase the doping of the nanotubes. The G-band Raman intensity follows a well-defined power law for SWNT concentrations of up to 33 microg ml(-1) in aqueous solutions. Subsequently, in vitro experiments demonstrate that incubation of BSA-SWNT complexes with macrophages affects neither the cellular growth nor the cellular viability over multiple cell generations. Using wide spot Raman spectroscopy as a fast, non-destructive method for statistical quantification, we observe that macrophages effectively uptake BSA-SWNT complexes, with the average number of nanotubes internalized per cell remaining relatively constant over consecutive cell generations. The number of internalized SWNTs is found to be approximately 30 10(6) SWNTs/cell for a 60 mm(-2) seeding density and approximately 100 x 10(6) SWNTs/cell for a 200 mm(-2) seeding density. Our results show that BSA-functionalized SWNTs are an efficient molecular transport system with low cytotoxicity maintained over multiple cell generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bertulli
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
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Protective role of functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes enhance ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in human umbilical cord blood. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:1304-16. [PMID: 23732300 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this study, carboxylic acid functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (f-SWCNT-COOH) was shown to support the viability and ex vivo expansion of freeze-thawed, non-enriched hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in human umbilical cord blood-mononucleated cells (UCB-MNC). Our in vitro experiments showed that f-SWCNT-COOH increased the viability of the CD45(+) cells even without cytokine stimulation. It also reduced mitochondrial superoxides and caspase activity in CD45(+) cells. f-SWCNT-COOH drastically reduced the proportions of CD45(-) cells in the non-enriched UCB-MNC. Phenotypic expression analysis and functional colony forming units (CFU) showed significant ex vivo expansion of HSPC, particularly of CD45(+)CD34(+)CD38(-) population and granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colonies, in f-SWCNT-COOH augmented cultures supplemented with basal cytokines. In vivo data suggested that f-SWCNT-COOH expanded UCB-MNC could repopulate immunodeficient mice models with minimal acute or sub-acute symptoms of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and f-SWCNT-COOH dependent toxicity. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this paper a novel method is presented by using single wall functionalized carbon nanotubes to enhance viability and ex vivo expansion of freeze-thawed, non-enriched hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in human umbilical cord blood -mononucleated cells. Detailed data is presented about enhanced viability, including improved repopulation of immunodeficient mice models with minimal acute or sub-acute symptoms of graft-versus-host disease.
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Bayat N, Rajapakse K, Marinsek-Logar R, Drobne D, Cristobal S. The effects of engineered nanoparticles on the cellular structure and growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8:363-73. [PMID: 23521755 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.788748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the effects of nanoparticles (NPs) with different physicochemical properties on cellular viability and structure, Saccharomyces cerevisiae were exposed to different concentrations of TiO2-NPs (1-3 nm), ZnO-NPs (<100 nm), CuO-NPs (<50 nm), their bulk forms, Ag-NPs (10 nm) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The GreenScreen assay was used to measure cyto- and genotoxicity, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) used to assess ultrastructure. CuO-NPs were highly cytotoxic, reducing the cell density by 80% at 9 cm(2)/ml, and inducing lipid droplet formation. Cells exposed to Ag-NPs (19 cm(2)/ml) and TiO2-NPs (147 cm(2)/ml) contained dark deposits in intracellular vacuoles, the cell wall and vesicles, and reduced cell density (40 and 30%, respectively). ZnO-NPs (8 cm(2)/ml) caused an increase in the size of intracellular vacuoles, despite not being cytotoxic. SWCNTs did not cause cytotoxicity or significant alterations in ultrastructure, despite high oxidative potential. Two genotoxicity assays, GreenScreen and the comet assay, produced different results and the authors discuss the reasons for this discrepancy. Classical assays of toxicity may not be the most suitable for studying the effects of NPs in cellular systems, and the simultaneous assessment of other measures of the state of cells, such as TEM are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Bayat
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
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Kardia E, Yusoff NM, Zakaria Z, Yahaya B. Aerosol-based delivery of fibroblast cells for treatment of lung diseases. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2013; 27:30-4. [PMID: 23409833 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2012.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-based therapy has great potential to treat patients with lung diseases. The administration of cells into an injured lung is one method of repairing and replacing lost lung tissue. However, different types of delivery have been studied and compared, and none of the techniques resulted in engraftment of a high number of cells into the targeted organ. In this in vitro study, a novel method of cell delivery was introduced to investigate the possibility of delivering aerosolized skin-derived fibroblasts. METHODS Skin-derived fibroblasts were trypsinized and resuspended in growth medium. A syringe filled with cells (10(5) cells/mL) was attached to MicroSprayer(®) Aerosolizer, a device that can modify a liquid into an aerosol. The tip of the MicroSprayer Aerosolizer was channeled into a T25 flask containing growth medium. Survivability following aerosolization was observed on a daily basis. HeLa cells were used for comparison. The same aerosolization and culture methods were used to treat HeLa cells. RESULTS One day following aerosolization, skin-derived fibroblasts showed no sign of vacuolation due to cell stress. They attached to the surface of the flask, indicating that most of them survived aerosolization. The surviving cells were also able to proliferate rapidly, forming a confluent monolayer of cells at day 4. In contrast, HeLa cells were unable to proliferate even after 21 days of culture. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence that cells can be aerosolized without the risk of low cell survivability and stress. The high survival rate of fibroblast cells following aerosolization illustrates the potential for delivering of such cells in future aerosol cell-based therapy to treat lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kardia
- 1 Cluster for Regenerative Medicine, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia , Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Economopoulos SP, Skondra A, Ladomenou K, Karousis N, Charalambidis G, Coutsolelos AG, Tagmatarchis N. New hybrid materials with porphyrin-ferrocene and porphyrin-pyrene covalently linked to single-walled carbon nanotubes. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40310f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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