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Chen S, Yan Y, Gao L, Gao S, Feng K, Li H, Zhang X, Chen W, Chen F, Xie Q. Proteomic profiling of purified avian leukosis virus subgroup J particles. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109821. [PMID: 37536160 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
While the presence of host cell proteins in virions and their role in viral life cycles have been demonstrated in various viruses, such characteristics have remained largely unknown in avian leukosis virus (ALV). To investigate whether this is the case in ALV, we purified high-integrity and high-purity virions from the avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) and subjected them to proteome analysis using nano LC-MS/MS. This analysis identified 53 cellular proteins that are incorporated into mature ALV-J virions, and we verified the reliability of the packaged cellular proteins through subtilisin digestion and immunoblot analysis. Functional annotation revealed the potential functions of these proteins in the viral life cycle and tumorigenesis. Overall, our findings have important implications for understanding the interaction between ALV-J and its host, and provide new insights into the cellular requirements that define ALV-J infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yiming Yan
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 510642, PR China
| | - Liguo Gao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 510642, PR China
| | - Keyu Feng
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Hongxin Li
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
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2
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Gullberg RC, Frydman J. Novel Mode of nanoLuciferase Packaging in SARS-CoV-2 Virions and VLPs Provides Versatile Reporters for Virus Production. Viruses 2023; 15:1335. [PMID: 37376634 DOI: 10.3390/v15061335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-strand RNA virus in the Coronaviridae family that is responsible for morbidity and mortality worldwide. To better understand the molecular pathways leading to SARS-CoV-2 virus assembly, we examined a virus-like particle (VLP) system co-expressing all structural proteins together with an mRNA reporter encoding nanoLuciferase (herein nLuc). Surprisingly, the 19 kDa nLuc protein itself was encapsidated into VLPs, providing a better reporter than nLuc mRNA itself. Strikingly, infecting nLuc-expressing cells with the SARS-CoV-2, NL63 or OC43 coronaviruses yielded virions containing packaged nLuc that served to report viral production. In contrast, infection with the flaviviruses, dengue or Zika, did not lead to nLuc packaging and secretion. A panel of reporter protein variants revealed that the packaging is size-limited and requires cytoplasmic expression, indicating that the large virion of coronaviruses can encaspidate a small cytoplasmic reporter protein. Our findings open the way for powerful new approaches to measure coronavirus particle production, egress and viral entry mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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3
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Vadlamani S, Karmakar R, Kumar A, Rajala MS. Non-metabolic role of alpha-enolase in virus replication. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1677-1686. [PMID: 36402937 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are extremely complex and highly evolving microorganisms; thus, it is difficult to analyse them in detail. The virion is believed to contain all the essential components required from its entry to the establishment of a successful infection in a susceptible host cell. Hence, the virion composition is the principal source for its transmissibility and immunogenicity. A virus is completely dependent on a host cell for its replication and progeny production. Occasionally, they recruit and package host proteins into mature virion. These incorporated host proteins are believed to play crucial roles in the subsequent infection, although the significance and the molecular mechanism regulated are poorly understood. One such host protein which is hijacked by several viruses is the glycolytic enzyme, Enolase (Eno-1) and is also packaged into mature virion of several viruses. This enzyme exhibits a highly flexible nature of functions, ranging from metabolic to several non-metabolic activities. All the glycolytic enzymes are known to be moonlighting proteins including enolase. The non-metabolic functions of this moonlighting protein are also highly diverse with respect to its cellular localization. Although very little is known about the virological significance of this enzyme, several of its non-metabolic functions have been observed to influence the virus replication cycle in infected cells. In this review, we have attempted to provide a comprehensive picture of the non-metabolic role of Eno-1, its significance in the virus replication cycle and to stimulate interest around its scope as a therapeutic target for treating viral pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Vadlamani
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India
| | - Ruma Karmakar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India
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4
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Xing Y, Zhang Q, Jiu Y. Coronavirus and the Cytoskeleton of Virus-Infected Cells. Subcell Biochem 2023; 106:333-364. [PMID: 38159233 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-40086-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton, which includes actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments, is one of the most important networks in the cell and undertakes many fundamental life activities. Among them, actin filaments are mainly responsible for maintaining cell shape and mediating cell movement, microtubules are in charge of coordinating all cargo transport within the cell, and intermediate filaments are mainly thought to guard against external mechanical pressure. In addition to this, cytoskeleton networks are also found to play an essential role in multiple viral infections. Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, so many variants have caused wide public concern, that any virus infection can potentially bring great harm to human beings and society. Therefore, it is of great importance to study coronavirus infection and develop antiviral drugs and vaccines. In this chapter, we summarize in detail how the cytoskeleton responds and participates in coronavirus infection by analyzing the possibility of the cytoskeleton and its related proteins as antiviral targets, thereby providing ideas for finding more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Fé LXSGM, Cipolatti EP, Pinto MCC, Branco S, Nogueira FCS, Ortiz GMD, Pinheiro ADS, Manoel EA. Enzymes in the time of COVID-19: An overview about the effects in the human body, enzyme market, and perspectives for new drugs. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:2126-2167. [PMID: 35762498 PMCID: PMC9350392 DOI: 10.1002/med.21919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rising pandemic caused by a coronavirus, resulted in a scientific quest to discover some effective treatments against its etiologic agent, the severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). This research represented a significant scientific landmark and resulted in many medical advances. However, efforts to understand the viral mechanism of action and how the human body machinery is subverted during the infection are still ongoing. Herein, we contributed to this field with this compilation of the roles of both viral and human enzymes in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In this sense, this overview reports that proteases are vital for the infection to take place: from SARS‐CoV‐2 perspective, the main protease (Mpro) and papain‐like protease (PLpro) are highlighted; from the human body, angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2, transmembrane serine protease‐2, and cathepsins (CatB/L) are pointed out. In addition, the influence of the virus on other enzymes is reported as the JAK/STAT pathway and the levels of lipase, enzymes from the cholesterol metabolism pathway, amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase are also be disturbed in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Finally, this paper discusses the importance of detailed enzymatic studies for future treatments against SARS‐CoV‐2, and how some issues related to the syndrome treatment can create opportunities in the biotechnological market of enzymes and the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Xavier Soares Gomes Moura Fé
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliane Pereira Cipolatti
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martina Costa Cerqueira Pinto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia (CT), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Chemical Engineering Program, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE), Centro de Tecnologia (CT), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suema Branco
- Biofísica Ambiental, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio César Sousa Nogueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia (CT), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gisela Maria Dellamora Ortiz
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anderson de Sá Pinheiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia (CT), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Evelin Andrade Manoel
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia (CT), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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6
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Tugaeva KV, Hawkins DEDP, Smith JLR, Bayfield OW, Ker DS, Sysoev AA, Klychnikov OI, Antson AA, Sluchanko NN. The Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Recognition by the Human 14-3-3 Proteins. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166875. [PMID: 33556408 PMCID: PMC7863765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus nucleocapsid protein (N) controls viral genome packaging and contains numerous phosphorylation sites located within unstructured regions. Binding of phosphorylated SARS-CoV N to the host 14-3-3 protein in the cytoplasm was reported to regulate nucleocytoplasmic N shuttling. All seven isoforms of the human 14-3-3 are abundantly present in tissues vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, where N can constitute up to ~1% of expressed proteins during infection. Although the association between 14-3-3 and SARS-CoV-2 N proteins can represent one of the key host-pathogen interactions, its molecular mechanism and the specific critical phosphosites are unknown. Here, we show that phosphorylated SARS-CoV-2 N protein (pN) dimers, reconstituted via bacterial co-expression with protein kinase A, directly associate, in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, with the dimeric 14-3-3 protein, but not with its monomeric mutant. We demonstrate that pN is recognized by all seven human 14-3-3 isoforms with various efficiencies and deduce the apparent KD to selected isoforms, showing that these are in a low micromolar range. Serial truncations pinpointed a critical phosphorylation site to Ser197, which is conserved among related zoonotic coronaviruses and located within the functionally important, SR-rich region of N. The relatively tight 14-3-3/pN association could regulate nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and other functions of N via occlusion of the SR-rich region, and could also hijack cellular pathways by 14-3-3 sequestration. As such, the assembly may represent a valuable target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina V Tugaeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dorothy E D P Hawkins
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jake L R Smith
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver W Bayfield
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - De-Sheng Ker
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey A Sysoev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg I Klychnikov
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alfred A Antson
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
| | - Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
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7
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Mansouri K, Rastegari-Pouyani M, Ghanbri-Movahed M, Safarzadeh M, Kiani S, Ghanbari-Movahed Z. Can a metabolism-targeted therapeutic intervention successfully subjugate SARS-COV-2? A scientific rational. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110694. [PMID: 32920511 PMCID: PMC7451059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As a process entailing a high turnover of the host cell molecules, viral replication is required for a successful viral infection and requests virus capacity to acquire the macromolecules required for its propagation. To this end, viruses have adopted several strategies to harness cellular metabolism in accordance with their specific demands. Most viruses upregulate specific cellular anabolic pathways and are largely dependent on such alterations. RNA viruses, for example, upregulate both glycolysisand glycogenolysis providing TCA cycle intermediates essential for anabolic lipogenesis. Also, these infections usually induce the PPP, leading to increased nucleotide levels supporting viral replication. SARS-CoV-2 (the cause of COVID-19)that has so far spread from China throughout the world is also an RNA virus. Owing to the more metabolic plasticity of uninfected cells, a promising approach for specific antiviral therapy, which has drawn a lot of attention in the recent years, would be the targeting of metabolic changes induced by viruses. In the current review, we first summarize some of virus-induced metabolic adaptations and then based on these information as well as SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, propose a potential therapeutic modality for this calamitous world-spreading virus with the hope of employing this strategy for near-future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rastegari-Pouyani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanbri-Movahed
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Safarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Kiani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghanbari-Movahed
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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8
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Milewska A, Ner‐Kluza J, Dabrowska A, Bodzon‐Kulakowska A, Pyrc K, Suder P. MASS SPECTROMETRY IN VIROLOGICAL SCIENCES. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:499-522. [PMID: 31876329 PMCID: PMC7228374 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Virology, as a branch of the life sciences, discovered mass spectrometry (MS) to be the pivotal tool around two decades ago. The technique unveiled the complex network of interactions between the living world of pro- and eukaryotes and viruses, which delivered "a piece of bad news wrapped in protein" as defined by Peter Medawar, Nobel Prize Laureate, in 1960. However, MS is constantly evolving, and novel approaches allow for a better understanding of interactions in this micro- and nanoworld. Currently, we can investigate the interplay between the virus and the cell by analyzing proteomes, interactomes, virus-cell interactions, and search for the compounds that build viral structures. In addition, by using MS, it is possible to look at the cell from the broader perspective and determine the role of viral infection on the scale of the organism, for example, monitoring the crosstalk between infected tissues and the immune system. In such a way, MS became one of the major tools for the modern virology, allowing us to see the infection in the context of the whole cell or the organism. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Milewska
- Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 7A30‐387KrakowPoland
| | - Joanna Ner‐Kluza
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Sciences and CeramicsAGH University of Science and TechnologyMickiewicza 30 Ave.30‐059KrakowPoland
| | - Agnieszka Dabrowska
- Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 7A30‐387KrakowPoland
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 730‐387KrakowPoland
| | - Anna Bodzon‐Kulakowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Sciences and CeramicsAGH University of Science and TechnologyMickiewicza 30 Ave.30‐059KrakowPoland
| | - Krzysztof Pyrc
- Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 7A30‐387KrakowPoland
| | - Piotr Suder
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Sciences and CeramicsAGH University of Science and TechnologyMickiewicza 30 Ave.30‐059KrakowPoland
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9
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Abstract
While host proteins incorporated into virions during viral budding from infected cell are known to play essential roles in multiple process of the life cycle of progeny virus, these characteristics have been largely neglected in studies on rabies virus (RABV). Here, we purified the RABV virions with good purity and integrity, and analyzed their proteome by nano LC–MS/MS, followed by the confirmation with immunoblot and immuno-electronic microscopy. In addition to the 5 viral proteins, 49 cellular proteins were reproducibly identified to be incorporated into matured RABV virions. Function annotation suggested that 24 of them were likely involved in virus replication. Furthermore, cryo-EM was employed to observe the purified RABV virions, generating high-resolution pictures of the bullet-shaped virion structure of RABV. This study has provided new insights into the host proteins composition in RABV virion and shed the light for further investigation on molecular mechanisms of RABV infection, as well as the discovery of new anti-RABV therapeutics.
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10
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Xu Z, Zhang Y, Gong L, Huang L, Lin Y, Qin J, Du Y, Zhou Q, Xue C, Cao Y. Isolation and characterization of a highly pathogenic strain of Porcine enteric alphacoronavirus causing watery diarrhoea and high mortality in newborn piglets. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:119-130. [PMID: 30103259 PMCID: PMC7168553 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porcine enteric alphacoronavirus (PEAV) was first discovered in China in February 2017, and the origin and virulence of this novel porcine coronavirus were not fully characterized. Here, we isolated a strain of PEAV, named GDS04 that is identified by immunofluorescence and typical crown‐shaped particles observed with electron microscopy. Genomic analysis reveals that PEAV GDS04 shares a close relationship with SADS‐CoV and SeACoV. Furthermore, newborn piglets orally challenged with PEAV GDS04 developed typical clinical symptoms as watery diarrhoea in neonatal piglets. Viral RNA was detected in faeces and various tissues of the infected piglets. Moreover, macroscopic and microscopic lesions in whole intestinal tract were observed, and viral antigen could be detected in the small intestines by immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy. Importantly, the mortality rate of inoculated‐newborn piglets was 100% and half of the cohabiting piglets died. Collectively, we demonstrate that PEAV is highly pathogenic in newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Licheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianru Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunping Du
- Guangdong Wen's Group Academy, Guangdong Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd, Xinxing, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Guangdong Wen's Group Academy, Guangdong Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd, Xinxing, China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Xu Z, Zhong H, Zhou Q, Du Y, Chen L, Zhang Y, Xue C, Cao Y. A Highly Pathogenic Strain of Porcine Deltacoronavirus Caused Watery Diarrhea in Newborn Piglets. Virol Sin 2018; 33:131-141. [PMID: 29569144 PMCID: PMC6178105 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-018-0003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly identified virus that causes watery diarrhea in newborn piglets and results in significant economic losses to the pig industry. Since first reported in Hong Kong in 2012, PDCoV has been subsequently detected in USA, South Korea, Thailand, and mainland China. Here we isolated a strain of PDCoV, named CHN-GD-2016, from the intestinal content of a diseased newborn piglet with severe diarrhea in a pig farm in Guangdong, China. PDCoV CHN-GD-2016 could be identified by immunofluorescence with PDCoV specific rabbit antisera, and typical crown-shaped particles with spiky surface projections of this PDCoV were observed with electron microscopy. Genomic analysis showed that the PDCoV CHN-GD-2016 was closely related to other Chinese PDCoV strains, with the highest sequence similarity with the strain CHN/Tianjin/2016. Importantly, inoculation of newborn piglets with 1 × 105 TCID50 of CHN-GD-2016 by oral feeding successfully reproduced clear clinical symptoms, including vomiting, dehydration, and severe diarrhea in piglets. In addition, the virus RNA in rectal swabs from 1 to 7 days post inoculation was detected, macroscopic and microscopic lesions in small intestine were observed, and viral antigen was also detected in the small intestines with immunohistochemical staining. Collectively, the data show in this study confirms that PDCoV is present in Guangdong, China and is highly pathogenic in newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huiling Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Guangdong Wen's Group Academy, Guangdong Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd, Xinxing, 527400, China
| | - Yunping Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Wen's Group Academy, Guangdong Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd, Xinxing, 527400, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Wen's Group Academy, Guangdong Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd, Xinxing, 527400, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,School of Life Science, Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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12
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Wei Y, Ji Y, Guo H, Zhi X, Han S, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Chang Y, Yan D, Li K, Liu DX, Sun S. CD59 association with infectious bronchitis virus particles protects against antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2725-2730. [PMID: 29068273 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
CD59 protein functions as a negative regulator of the terminal pathway of the complement system by binding to the C8/C9 factors. To date, little is known about the role of CD59 in coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection. In this study, we discovered that CD59 was downregulated in IBV-infected cells and was associated with IBV virions. This association protected IBV particles from antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis. IBV titres in the supernatant were significantly increased when CD59 proteins were overexpressed in cells followed by IBV infection, and this observation was further supported by knockdown or cleavage of CD59. Because no considerable change in IBV N protein and viral RNA levels was detected in total cell lysates prepared from the overexpression, knockdown or cleavage of CD59 groups, our data indicated that CD59 was involved in IBV particle release and that IBV had evolved a mechanism to utilize CD59 to evade complement-mediated destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China
| | - Shichong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China
| | - Yanyan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China
| | - Dan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China
| | - Kangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals and Disease Co, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China
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Abstract
Coronavirus particles serve three fundamentally important functions in infection. The virion provides the means to deliver the viral genome across the plasma membrane of a host cell. The virion is also a means of escape for newly synthesized genomes. Lastly, the virion is a durable vessel that protects the genome on its journey between cells. This review summarizes the available X-ray crystallography, NMR, and cryoelectron microscopy structural data for coronavirus structural proteins, and looks at the role of each of the major structural proteins in virus entry and assembly. The potential wider conservation of the nucleoprotein fold identified in the Arteriviridae and Coronaviridae families and a speculative model for the evolution of corona-like virus architecture are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Neuman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; College of STEM, Texas A&M University, Texarkana, Texarkana, TX, United States.
| | - M J Buchmeier
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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14
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Yin L, Zeng Y, Wang W, Wei Y, Xue C, Cao Y. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant fusion proteins containing spike protein of infectious bronchitis virus and hemagglutinin of H3N2 influenza virus in chickens. Virus Res 2016; 223:206-12. [PMID: 27497621 PMCID: PMC7114550 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We generate fused S1 proteins with HA2 (rS1-HA2) or HA transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail (rS1-H3(TM)) of H3N2 influenza virus. The two recombinant fusion proteins rS1-HA2 and rS1-H3(TM) are superior to rS1 protein in terms of immunogenicity and protective efficacy. The strategy of fusing TMs or HA2 of HA proteins may provide a new strategy for development of high efficacy recombinant vaccine against IBV.
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory disease of chickens and vaccination is the main method for disease control. The S1 protein, which contains several virus neutralization epitopes, is considered to be a target site of vaccine development. However, although protective immune responses could be induced by recombinant S1 protein, the protection rate in chickens was still low (<50%). Here, we generated fused S1 proteins with HA2 protein (rS1-HA2) or transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail (rS1-H3(TM)) from hemagglutinin of H3N2 influenza virus. After immunization, animals vaccinated with fusion proteins rS1-HA2 and rS1-H3(TM) demonstrated stronger robust humoral and cellular immune responses than that of rS1 and inactivated M41 vaccine. The protection rates of groups immunized with rS1-HA2 (87%) were significantly higher than the groups inoculated with rS1 (47%) and inactivated M41 vaccine (53%). And chickens injected with rS1-H3(TM) had similar level of protection (73%) comparing to chickens vaccinated with rS1 (47%) (P = 0.07). Our data suggest that S1 protein fused to the HA2 or TM proteins from hemagglutinin of H3N2 influenza virus may provide a new strategy for high efficacy recombinant vaccine development against IBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yuyao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Linyi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Linyi, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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15
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Dent SD, Xia D, Wastling JM, Neuman BW, Britton P, Maier HJ. The proteome of the infectious bronchitis virus Beau-R virion. J Gen Virol 2016; 96:3499-3506. [PMID: 27257648 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious respiratory disease of poultry caused by the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). It was thought that coronavirus virions were composed of three major viral structural proteins until investigations of other coronaviruses showed that the virions also include viral non-structural and genus-specific accessory proteins as well as host-cell proteins. To study the proteome of IBV virions, virus was grown in embryonated chicken eggs, purified by sucrose-gradient ultracentrifugation and analysed by mass spectrometry. Analysis of three preparations of purified IBV yielded the three expected structural proteins plus 35 additional virion-associated host proteins. The virion-associated host proteins had a diverse range of functional attributions, being involved in cytoskeleton formation, RNA binding and protein folding pathways. Some of these proteins were unique to this study, while others were found to be orthologous to proteins identified in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virions and also virions from a number of other RNA and DNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D Dent
- Compton Laboratory, Compton, The Pirbright Institute, Newbury RG20 7NN, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK
| | - Dong Xia
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Jonathan M Wastling
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Keele, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Benjamin W Neuman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK
| | - Paul Britton
- Compton Laboratory, Compton, The Pirbright Institute, Newbury RG20 7NN, UK
| | - Helena J Maier
- Compton Laboratory, Compton, The Pirbright Institute, Newbury RG20 7NN, UK
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16
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Differential proteomic analysis of virus-enriched fractions obtained from plasma pools of patients with dengue fever or severe dengue. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:518. [PMID: 26572220 PMCID: PMC4647599 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is the most widespread mosquito-borne viral disease of public health concern. In some patients, endothelial cell and platelet dysfunction lead to life-threatening hemorrhagic dengue fever or dengue shock syndrome. Prognostication of disease severity is urgently required to improve patient management. The pathogenesis of severe dengue has not been fully elucidated, and the role of host proteins associated with viral particles has received little exploration. Methods The proteomes of virion-enriched fractions purified from plasma pools of patients with dengue fever or severe dengue were compared. Virions were purified by ultracentrifugation combined with a water-insoluble polyelectrolyte-based technique. Following in-gel hydrolysis, peptides were analyzed by nano-liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry and identified using data libraries. Results Both dengue fever and severe dengue viral-enriched fractions contained identifiable viral envelope proteins and host cellular proteins. Canonical pathway analysis revealed the identified host proteins are mainly involved in the coagulation cascade, complement pathway or acute phase response signaling pathway. Some host proteins were over- or under-represented in plasma from patients with severe dengue compared to patients with dengue fever. ELISAs were used to validate differential expression of a selection of identified host proteins in individual plasma samples of patients with dengue fever compared to patients with severe dengue. Among 22 host proteins tested, two could differentiate between dengue fever and severe dengue in two independent cohorts (olfactomedin-4: area under the curve (AUC), 0.958; and platelet factor-4: AUC, 0.836). Conclusion A novel technique of virion-enrichment from plasma has allowed to identify two host proteins that have prognostic value for classifying patients with acute dengue who are more likely to develop a severe dengue. The impact of these host proteins on pathogenicity and disease outcome are discussed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1271-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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17
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Trincone A, Schwegmann-Weßels C. Looking for a needle in a haystack: Cellular proteins that may interact with the tyrosine-based sorting signal of the TGEV S protein. Virus Res 2014; 202:3-11. [PMID: 25481285 PMCID: PMC7114463 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The spike protein S of transmissible gastroenteritis virus, an Alphacoronavirus, contains a tyrosine-based sorting signal that is responsible for ERGIC retention and may be important for a correct viral assembly process. To find out whether the S protein interacts with cellular proteins via this sorting signal, a pulldown assay with GST fusion proteins was performed. Filamin A has been identified as a putative interaction candidate. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed a co-localization between the TGEV S protein and filamin A. Further experiments have to be performed to prove a significant impact of filamin A on TGEV infection. Different approaches of several researchers for the identification of cellular interaction candidates relevant for coronavirus replication are summarized. These results may help in the future to identify the role of cellular proteins during coronavirus assembly at the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trincone
- Institute for Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christel Schwegmann-Weßels
- Institute for Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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18
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Moerdyk-Schauwecker M, Hwang SI, Grdzelishvili VZ. Cellular proteins associated with the interior and exterior of vesicular stomatitis virus virions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104688. [PMID: 25105980 PMCID: PMC4126742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus particles (virions) often contain not only virus-encoded but also host-encoded proteins. Some of these host proteins are enclosed within the virion structure, while others, in the case of enveloped viruses, are embedded in the host-derived membrane. While many of these host protein incorporations are likely accidental, some may play a role in virus infectivity, replication and/or immunoreactivity in the next host. Host protein incorporations may be especially important in therapeutic applications where large numbers of virus particles are administered. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is the prototypic rhabdovirus and a candidate vaccine, gene therapy and oncolytic vector. Using mass spectrometry, we previously examined cell type dependent host protein content of VSV virions using intact (“whole”) virions purified from three cell lines originating from different species. Here we aimed to determine the localization of host proteins within the VSV virions by analyzing: i) whole VSV virions; and ii) whole VSV virions treated with Proteinase K to remove all proteins outside the viral envelope. A total of 257 proteins were identified, with 181 identified in whole virions and 183 identified in Proteinase K treated virions. Most of these proteins have not been previously shown to be associated with VSV. Functional enrichment analysis indicated the most overrepresented categories were proteins associated with vesicles, vesicle-mediated transport and protein localization. Using western blotting, the presence of several host proteins, including some not previously shown in association with VSV (such as Yes1, Prl1 and Ddx3y), was confirmed and their relative quantities in various virion fractions determined. Our study provides a valuable inventory of virion-associated host proteins for further investigation of their roles in the replication cycle, pathogenesis and immunoreactivity of VSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Moerdyk-Schauwecker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sun-Il Hwang
- Proteomics Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Research, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Valery Z. Grdzelishvili
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Whenham N, Wilson PW, Bain MM, Stevenson L, Dunn IC. Comparative biology and expression of TENP, an egg protein related to the bacterial permeability-increasing family of proteins. Gene 2014; 538:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Kordyukova LV, Serebryakova MV. Mass spectrometric approaches to study enveloped viruses: new possibilities for structural biology and prophylactic medicine. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 77:830-42. [PMID: 22860905 PMCID: PMC7087845 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912080044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This review considers principles of the use of mass spectrometry for the study of biological macromolecules. Some examples of protein identification, virion proteomics, testing vaccine preparations, and strain surveillance are represented. Possibilities of structural characterization of viral proteins and their posttranslational modifications are shown. The authors’ studies by MALDI-MS on S-acylation of glycoproteins from various families of enveloped viruses and on oligomerization of the influenza virus hemagglutinin transmembrane domains are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Kordyukova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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21
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Recent progress in studies of arterivirus- and coronavirus-host interactions. Viruses 2012; 4:980-1010. [PMID: 22816036 PMCID: PMC3397358 DOI: 10.3390/v4060980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal coronaviruses, such as infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and arteriviruses, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), are able to manifest highly contagious infections in their specific native hosts, thereby arising in critical economic damage to animal industries. This review discusses recent progress in studies of virus-host interactions during animal and human coronavirus and arterivirus infections, with emphasis on IBV-host cell interactions. These interactions may be directly involved in viral replication or lead to the alteration of certain signaling pathways, such as cell stress response and innate immunity, to facilitate viral replication and pathogenesis.
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22
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Ren X, Xue C, Kong Q, Zhang C, Bi Y, Cao Y. Proteomic analysis of purified Newcastle disease virus particles. Proteome Sci 2012; 10:32. [PMID: 22571704 PMCID: PMC3413529 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-10-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an enveloped RNA virus, bearing severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Previous virion proteomic studies have shown that enveloped viruses carry multiple host cellular proteins both internally and externally during their life cycle. To address whether it also occurred during NDV infection, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of highly purified NDV La Sota strain particles. Results In addition to five viral structural proteins, we detected thirty cellular proteins associated with purified NDV La Sota particles. The identified cellular proteins comprised several functional categories, including cytoskeleton proteins, annexins, molecular chaperones, chromatin modifying proteins, enzymes-binding proteins, calcium-binding proteins and signal transduction-associated proteins. Among these, three host proteins have not been previously reported in virions of other virus families, including two signal transduction-associated proteins (syntenin and Ras small GTPase) and one tumor-associated protein (tumor protein D52). The presence of five selected cellular proteins (i.e., β-actin, tubulin, annexin A2, heat shock protein Hsp90 and ezrin) associated with the purified NDV particles was validated by Western blot or immunogold labeling assays. Conclusions The current study presented the first standard proteomic profile of NDV. The results demonstrated the incorporation of cellular proteins in NDV particles, which provides valuable information for elucidating viral infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325035, Peoples Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Qingming Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Chengwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Peoples Republic of China
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23
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Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and nonstructural proteins 2, 3, and 8 are incorporated into viral particles. J Virol 2011; 86:1261-6. [PMID: 22090122 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06428-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus replication and transcription are processes mediated by a protein complex, with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) as a main component. Proteomic analysis of highly purified transmissible gastroenteritis virus showed the RdRp to be a component of the viral particles. This finding was confirmed by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy analyses. Interestingly, the replicase nonstructural proteins 2, 3, and 8 colocalized with the RdRp in the viral factories and were also incorporated into the virions.
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Ovocalyxin-36 and other LBP/BPI/PLUNC-like proteins as molecular actors of the mechanisms of the avian egg natural defences. Biochem Soc Trans 2011; 39:971-6. [PMID: 21787332 DOI: 10.1042/bst0390971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The chicken egg possesses physical and chemical barriers to protect the embryo from pathogens. OCX-36 (ovocalyxin-36) was suggested to be a 36 kDa eggshell-specific protein that is secreted by the regions of the oviduct responsible for eggshell formation. Its expression is strongly up-regulated during shell calcification. This protein was also detected in vitelline membrane and expressed in gut tissues. Analysis of the OCX-36 protein sequence revealed that OCX-36 is related to the BPI (bactericidal permeability-increasing proteins)/LBP [LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-binding proteins]/PLUNC (palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone) superfamily, and that there are strong similarities between the exon/intron organization of the mammalian LBP/BPI and the avian OCX-36 genes. A recent study revealed that OCX-36 originates from a tandem duplication of an ancestral BPI/LBP/PLUNC gene, after the divergence of birds and mammals. Its antimicrobial activity was recently investigated and it was shown that OCX-36 binds to LPS from Escherichia coli. High-throughput methodologies have led to the identification of approximately 1000 new egg proteins. Among these are LBP/BPI proteins that might play a role in the natural defences of the egg to protect the embryo during its development in the external milieu, and may function to keep the table egg free of pathogens. The function of these BPI-like molecules is the subject of intense research to characterize their putative LPS-binding properties and antimicrobial activity.
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25
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Song JM, Choi CW, Kwon SO, Compans RW, Kang SM, Kim SI. Proteomic characterization of influenza H5N1 virus-like particles and their protective immunogenicity. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:3450-9. [PMID: 21688770 DOI: 10.1021/pr200086v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) have been shown to induce protective immunity. Despite their potential significance as promising vaccine candidates, the protein composition of VLPs produced in insect cells has not been well characterized. Here we report a proteomic analysis of influenza VLPs containing hemagglutinin (HA) and matrix M1 proteins from a human isolate of avian influenza H5N1 virus (H5 VLPs) produced in insect cells using the recombinant baculovirus expression system. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of purified H5 VLPs identified viral proteins and 37 additional host-derived proteins, many of which are known to be present in other enveloped viruses. Proteins involved in different cellular structures and functions were found to be present in H5 VLPs including those from the cytoskeleton, translation, chaperone, and metabolism. Immunization with purified H5 VLPs induced protective immunity, which was comparable to the inactivated whole virus containing all viral components. Unpurified H5 VLPs containing excess amounts of noninfluenza soluble proteins also conferred 100% protection against lethal challenge although lower immune responses were induced. These results provide important implications consistent with the idea that VLP production in insect cells may involve similar cellular machinery as other RNA enveloped viruses during synthesis, assembly, trafficking, and budding processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Song
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea
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Cao Z, Han Z, Shao Y, Geng H, Kong X, Liu S. Proteomic analysis of chicken embryonic trachea and kidney tissues after infection in ovo by avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus. Proteome Sci 2011; 9:11. [PMID: 21385394 PMCID: PMC3060854 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is one of the most serious diseases of economic importance in chickens; it is caused by the avian infectious coronavirus (IBV). Information remains limited about the comparative protein expression profiles of chicken embryonic tissues in response to IBV infection in ovo. In this study, we analyzed the changes of protein expression in trachea and kidney tissues from chicken embryos, following IBV infection in ovo, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF MS). Results 17 differentially expressed proteins from tracheal tissues and 19 differentially expressed proteins from kidney tissues were identified. These proteins mostly related to the cytoskeleton, binding of calcium ions, the stress response, anti-oxidative, and macromolecular metabolism. Some of these altered proteins were confirmed further at the mRNA level using real-time RT-PCR. Moreover, western blotting analysis further confirmed the changes of annexin A5 and HSPB1 during IBV infection. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, we have performed the first analysis of the proteomic changes in chicken embryonic trachea and kidney tissues during IBV infection in ovo. The data obtained should facilitate a better understanding of the pathogenesis of IBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
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