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Khan SU, Fatima K, Malik F, Kalkavan H, Wani A. Cancer metastasis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 250:108522. [PMID: 37661054 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic progression combined with non-responsiveness towards systemic therapy often shapes the course of disease for cancer patients and commonly determines its lethal outcome. The complex molecular events that promote metastasis are a combination of both, the acquired pro-metastatic properties of cancer cells and a metastasis-permissive or -supportive tumor micro-environment (TME). Yet, dissemination is a challenging process for cancer cells that requires a series of events to enable cancer cell survival and growth. Metastatic cancer cells have to initially detach themselves from primary tumors, overcome the challenges of their intravasal journey and colonize distant sites that are suited for their metastases. The implicated obstacles including anoikis and immune surveillance, can be overcome by intricate intra- and extracellular signaling pathways, which we will summarize and discuss in this review. Further, emerging modulators of metastasis, like the immune-microenvironment, microbiome, sublethal cell death engagement, or the nervous system will be integrated into the existing working model of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ullah Khan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Division of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ASIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ASIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Halime Kalkavan
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Abubakar Wani
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
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Jin H, Cui M. Gene silencing of heparanase results in suppression of invasion and migration of gallbladder carcinoma cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1116-1122. [PMID: 29598788 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1456316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of transcriptional gene silencing of the heparanase gene on standard gallbladder carcinoma cells (GBC-SD). The miRNAs targeting the promoter region and coding region of the heparanase gene were designed and synthesized. We transfected four recombinant miRNA vectors into GBC-SD. We performed the wound healing assays and invasion assays. The result shows that the heparanase expression was significantly decreased by recombinant vectors in transfected GBC-SD cells (p < 0.01), of which pmiR-Hpa-2 showed best interference effect (p < 0.05). The penetrated and migrating cells numbers and adherence rate of GBC-SD cells were significantly decreased by pmiR-Hpa-2 (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jin
- a The Second Department of General Surgery , Zhuhai People's Hospital , Zhuhai , China
| | - Min Cui
- a The Second Department of General Surgery , Zhuhai People's Hospital , Zhuhai , China
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Chen X, Jiang W, Yue C, Zhang W, Tong C, Dai D, Cheng B, Huang C, Lu L. Heparanase Contributes To Trans-Endothelial Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. J Cancer 2017; 8:3309-3317. [PMID: 29158804 PMCID: PMC5665048 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still very poor due to its high metastasis and recurrence rate. During metastasis, trans-endothelial migration (TEM) of HCC cells is a key step. Heparanase (HPSE) is an endo-beta-glucuronidase and exerts prometastatic properties for normal and tumor-derived cells. However, it is remains unclear that HPSE contributes to TEM of HCC cells. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells-C (HUVEC-C) was used to simulate vascular endothelial cells (VECs), and the HCCLM3 cells with high HPSE expression were chosen and used for in vitro TEM assay and in vivo experiment. As results, we found that HCCLM3 cells showed higher TEM rate compared with other HCC cells. Downregulation or inhibition of HPSE activity resulted in suppression of TEM of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that HPSE contributes to TEM of HCC cells, which may be a new biological function of HPSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Maanshan People's Hospital, Maanshan 243000, China
| | - Chaofu Yue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Chaogang Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, China
| | - Dafei Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Linming Lu
- Department of Pathology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
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Dai X, Yan J, Fu X, Pan Q, Sun D, Xu Y, Wang J, Nie L, Tong L, Shen A, Zheng M, Huang M, Tan M, Liu H, Huang X, Ding J, Geng M. Aspirin Inhibits Cancer Metastasis and Angiogenesis via Targeting Heparanase. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6267-6278. [PMID: 28710312 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Recent epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested the benefit of aspirin for patients with cancer, which inspired increasing efforts to demonstrate the anticancer ability of aspirin and reveal the molecular mechanisms behind. Nevertheless, the anticancer activity and related mechanisms of aspirin remain largely unknown. This study aimed to confirm this observation, and more importantly, to investigate the potential target contributed to the anticancer of aspirin.Experimental Design: A homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay was used to examine the impact of aspirin on heparanase. Streptavidin pull-down, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, and molecular docking were performed to identify heparanase as an aspirin-binding protein. Transwell, rat aortic rings, and chicken chorioallantoic membrane model were used to evaluate the antimetastasis and anti-angiogenesis effects of aspirin, and these phenotypes were tested in a B16F10 metastatic model, MDA-MB-231 metastatic model, and MDA-MB-435 xenograft model.Results: This study identified heparanase, an oncogenic extracellular matrix enzyme involved in cancer metastasis and angiogenesis, as a potential target of aspirin. We had discovered that aspirin directly binds to Glu225 region of heparanase and inhibits the enzymatic activity. Aspirin impeded tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, and growth in heparanase-dependent manner.Conclusions: In summary, this study has illustrated heparanase as a target of aspirin for the first time. It provides insights for a better understanding of the mechanisms of aspirin in anticancer effects, and offers a direction for the development of small-molecule inhibitors of heparanase. Clin Cancer Res; 23(20); 6267-78. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Dai
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Juan Yan
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xuhong Fu
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiuming Pan
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Danni Sun
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Litong Nie
- The Chemical Proteomics Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Linjiang Tong
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Aijun Shen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Min Huang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Minjia Tan
- The Chemical Proteomics Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xun Huang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Meiyu Geng
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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Heyman B, Yang Y. Mechanisms of heparanase inhibitors in cancer therapy. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:1002-1012. [PMID: 27576132 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase is an endo-β-D-glucuronidase capable of cleaving heparan sulfate side chains contributing to breakdown of the extracellular matrix. Increased expression of heparanase has been observed in numerous malignancies and is associated with a poor prognosis. It has generated significant interest as a potential antineoplastic target because of the multiple roles it plays in tumor growth and metastasis. The protumorigenic effects of heparanase are enhanced by the release of heparan sulfate side chains, with subsequent increase in bioactive fragments and cytokine levels that promote tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Preclinical experiments have found heparanase inhibitors to substantially reduce tumor growth and metastasis, leading to clinical trials with heparan sulfate mimetics. In this review, we examine the role of heparanase in tumor biology and its interaction with heparan surface proteoglycans, specifically syndecan-1, as well as the mechanism of action for heparanase inhibitors developed as antineoplastic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Heyman
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yiping Yang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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Heparanase: a rainbow pharmacological target associated to multiple pathologies including rare diseases. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:647-80. [PMID: 27057774 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, heparanase has attracted considerable attention as a promising target for innovative pharmacological applications. Heparanase is a multifaceted protein endowed with enzymatic activity, as an endo-β-D-glucuronidase, and nonenzymatic functions. It is responsible for the cleavage of heparan sulfate side chains of proteoglycans, resulting in structural alterations of the extracellular matrix. Heparanase appears to be involved in major human diseases, from the most studied tumors to chronic inflammation, diabetic nephropathy, bone osteolysis, thrombosis and atherosclerosis, in addition to more recent investigation in various rare diseases. The present review provides an overview on heparanase, its biological role, inhibitors and possible clinical applications, covering the latest findings in these areas.
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