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Selemane C, Ferro J, Lorenzoni C, Carrilho C, Ismail MR, Parkin M, Santos LL. Is the incidence rate of colorectal cancer increasing in Mozambique? Ecancermedicalscience 2024; 18:1693. [PMID: 38774567 PMCID: PMC11108046 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2024.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern, ranking as the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, in Africa, CRC is the fifth most common invasive malignancy. Limited data hinder our understanding of the evolving burden of CRC in sub-Saharan Africa. This study explores CRC trends in Mozambique, utilising data from population-based oncological registries. Methods CRC data were gathered from Beira and Maputo population-based cancer registries, along with supplementary information from pathology-based and hospital-based registries. Comparative analyses were performed across different time periods, focusing on trends and epidemiological characteristics. Results Incidence rates of CRC in Maputo and Beira were relatively low historically. However, data from recent years showed an increase, especially in age groups above 50. Analyses from pathology-based and hospital-based registries affirmed the rising trend. The age-standardised incidence rate in Maputo (2015-2017) was 3.17 for males and 2.55 for females. Beira exhibited increasing rates between 2009 and 2020, particularly in individuals aged 50 and above. Conclusion The study reveals an emerging burden of CRC in Mozambique, challenging the perception of low incidence. The rising trend underscores the necessity for tailored interventions, emphasizing early diagnosis, preventive strategies, and investments in healthcare infrastructure to address the increasing CRC burden in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Selemane
- Department of Surgery, Maputo Central Hospital, Av Agostinho Neto n° 164, Maputo 1164, Mozambique
| | - Josefo Ferro
- Department of Pathology, Beira Central Hospital, Av Mártires da Revolução nº 727, Beira, Mozambique
| | - Cesaltina Lorenzoni
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, and Maputo Central Hospital, Av Agostinho Neto n° 164, Maputo 1164, Mozambique
| | - Carla Carrilho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, and Maputo Central Hospital, Av Agostinho Neto n° 164, Maputo 1164, Mozambique
| | - Mamudo Rafik Ismail
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, and Maputo Central Hospital, Av Agostinho Neto n° 164, Maputo 1164, Mozambique
| | - Max Parkin
- African Cancer Registry Network, Prama House, 267 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 7HT, UK
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Research Group and Surgical Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Dr António Bernardino de Almeida Street, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Av Fernando Pessoa 150, S. Gondomar 4420-096, Portugal
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Qasim AM, Arif SH. Role of Healthy Lifestyle and Diet Quality in the Development of Colorectal Cancer in the Adult Population in the Kurdistan Region: A Case-Control Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e58764. [PMID: 38779268 PMCID: PMC11111157 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in developing countries. The factors contributing to the risk of CRC are not known in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the role of a healthy lifestyle on CRC in the adult population in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Methodology In this case-control investigation, patients previously diagnosed with CRC were included as cases (n = 84) and the healthy adult population as healthy controls (n = 87). The patients were selected from the Gastroenterology Unit of Azadi Teaching Hospital and Emergency Teaching Hospital. The healthy controls were selected from the caregivers of patients who met the eligibility criteria. Results Individuals with a history of chronic disease (63.08% vs. 40.52%; p = 0.0043), a history of hypertension (71.74% vs. 40.80%; p = 0.0003), and a history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (59.42% vs. 42.16%; p = 0.0267) had a significantly higher prevalence of CRC compared to healthy controls. CRC patients had significantly lower diet quality scores than healthy controls (36.27 vs. 37.83; p = 0.0002). The study showed that CRC patients had a significantly lower lifestyle index score compared to healthy controls (10.20 vs. 11.69; p = 0.0002). In addition, CRC patients had lower scores for diet (0.42 vs. 1.00; p < 0.0001), smoking (2.92 vs. 4.0; p < 0.0001), and physical activity (1.02 vs. 1.70; p < 0.0001) compared to healthy controls. However, CRC patients and healthy controls had similar alcohol index scores (5.0 vs. 530; p = 1.000) and body mass index (1.04 vs. 1.01; p = 0.8982). Conclusions This study showed that CRC was associated with having a history of bad diet quality and unhealthy lifestyles. In addition, a history of chronic diseases, hypertension, and IBD was associated with the risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayid M Qasim
- Infection Control, Duhok General Directorate of Health, Duhok, IRQ
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Alshewered AS. The Parasitism and Tumors Carcinogenesis: A Review Subject. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:183-189. [PMID: 38489011 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-factorial reasons are an induction to cause cancer. Different infections and infestations with viruses, bacteria, and parasites have been detected for many years to be related to human carcinogenesis. PURPOSE The study aimed to review all ideas of tumor carcinogenesis and its associations with parasitic infections and infestations. METHODS We reviewed several articles (published and imprinted) by selecting, extracting, and synthesizing data about the relationship between cancers and parasites. RESULTS Several helminths infections as schistosomiasis, are highly carcinogenic agents for bladder cancer, whereas trypanosomiasis has a bi-model role in cancer development. Leishmaniasis may be a cause of hepatocarcinoma, skin cancer, and lymphomas. In addition, malaria appears to be causative in the carcinogenesis of some cancers; as Burkitt lymphoma. Also, data from previous studies suggested that Strongyloides stercoralis may be a relevant co-factor in lymphomas. CONCLUSION There are different mechanisms of parasitic infection to be enhancing in carcinogenesis of cancer in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Salih Alshewered
- Misan Radiation Oncology Center, Misan Health Directorate, Ministry of Health/Environment, Misan, Iraq.
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4
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Jain S, Rana M. From the discovery of helminths to the discovery of their carcinogenic potential. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:47. [PMID: 38095695 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer involves a major aberration in the normal behaviour of cells, making them divide continuously, which interferes with the normal physiology of the body. The link between helminths and their cancer-inducing potential has been proposed in the last century. The exact pathway is still not clear but chronic inflammation in response to the deposited eggs, immune response against soluble egg antigens, and co-infection with a third party (a bacteria, a virus, or infection leading to a change in microbiome) seems to be the reasons for cancer induction. This review looks into the historical outlook on helminths along with their epidemiology, morphology, and life cycle. It then focuses on providing correlations between helminth infection and molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis by elaborating upon epidemiological, clinical, and surgical studies. While the cancer-inducing potential has been convincingly established only for a few helminths and studies point out towards possible cancer-inducing ability of the rest of the helminths elucidated in this work, however, more insights into the immunobiology of helminths as well as infected patients are required to conclusively comment upon this ability of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhant Jain
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Rewari, Haryana, India.
| | - Meenakshi Rana
- Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodhi Road, Pragati Vihaar, New Delhi, India
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5
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Emara MH, Mahros AM, Rasheda AMA, Radwan MI, Mohamed B, Abdelrazik O, Elazab M, Elbatae H. Schistosomal (bilharzial) polyps: Travel through the colon and beyond. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4156-4165. [PMID: 37475844 PMCID: PMC10354569 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i26.4156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis) is a major neglected tropical disease. It is endemic in many tropical and subtropical communities. Schistosomal polyps (S. polyps) are not uncommon presentation of this infection. Although the colon is the most commonly affected organ, many other organs are affected. S. polyps are associated with a variable range of morbidity independent of the Schistosomal infection. S. polyps are frequently described in endemic areas and increasingly reported in non-endemic areas mainly among immigrants and visitors to the endemic areas. This review aimed to increase awareness of practitioners, especially gastroenterologists, for this peculiar type of polyps caused by this neglected infection hence improving patient outcomes. Web-based search of different databases was conducted for the literature focusing the development of S. polyps in the colon and other organs with analysis of the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. The following key words were used in the search, “Schistosomiasis” OR “Bilharziasis” AND “Polyps” OR “Polyp” AND “Colon” OR “Small intestine” OR “ Duodenum” OR “ Stomach” OR “Esophagus” OR ” Gallbladder” OR” Pharynx” OR “Larynx” OR “Trachea” OR ”Urinary bladder” OR “ Ureter” OR “Renal Pelvis” OR “Urethra”. All publication types including case reports, case series, original research, and review articles were retrieved and analyzed. S. polyps are not infrequent presentation of acute or chronic Schistosomal infection. S. polyps are described in many organs including the bowel, genitourinary tract, skin, gallbladder and the larynx. Presentation of S. polyps is variable and depends on the site, number as well as the polyp size. The relationship of S. polyps to malignant transformation is a matter of discussion. Presence of S. polyps is sometimes the only manifestation of Schistosomiasis. Small polyps can be treated medically with praziquantel, while large accessible polyps are amendable for endoscopic excision through different polyp resection techniques. However, huge, complicated, non-accessible and suspicious polyps are indicated for surgical management or advanced endoscopic resection when appropriate. Clinicians and endoscopists should be aware about these facts when treating patients living in, immigrated from or visiting endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Emara
- Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr-Elshikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Aya M Mahros
- Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr-Elshikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman M Ahmed Rasheda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Security Forces Hospital, Ryiadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed I Radwan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Besher Mohamed
- Department of Gastroenterology, Surrey and Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust, Surrey RH1 5RH, United Kingdom
| | - Osama Abdelrazik
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Elazab
- Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr-Elshikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Hassan Elbatae
- Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr-Elshikh 33516, Egypt
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Zheng N, Wang H, Yu Q, Wang C, Bai CG, Pan AF, Jiang J, Lu J, Dai SM, Mei Z, Zhang W, Gao XH. Changing trends, clinicopathological characteristics, surgical treatment patterns, and prognosis of schistosomiasis-associated versus non-schistosomiasis-associated colorectal cancer: a large retrospective cohort study of 31 153 cases in Shanghai, China (2001-2021). Int J Surg 2023; 109:772-784. [PMID: 36999800 PMCID: PMC10389396 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the elimination of schistosomiasis in China, its role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has decreased. However, the trends, clinicopathological features, surgical treatment patterns, and prognosis of schistosomiasis-associated CRC (SACRC) versus non-schistosomiasis-associated CRC (NSACRC) in China remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS The percentage trend of SACRC in CRC patients in China was analyzed using data retrieved from the Pathology Registry of Changhai Hospital (2001-2021). Clinicopathological characteristics, surgical treatment patterns, and prognosis-related parameters were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 31 153 CRC cases were included, with 823 (2.6%) cases of SACRC and 30 330 (97.4%) cases of NSACRC. The average percentage of SACRC cases has decreased continuously from 3.8 to 1.7% (from 2001 to 2021). Compared with the NSACRC group, the SACRC group had more men, older age at diagnosis, lower BMI, fewer symptoms; higher rates of rectal cancer, comorbidities, KRAS mutation, multiple primary CRC and concomitant polyps; less lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, vascular invasion, and tumor budding; less preoperative radiotherapy and preoperative chemotherapy; and more positive resection margins and postoperative targeted therapy. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding laparoscopic surgery, palliative resection, extended radical resection, or ostomy. Moreover, the SACRC group had adverse DFS and similar OS compared with the NSACRC group. In multivariate analyses, schistosomiasis was not an independent predictor of DFS or OS. CONCLUSION The percentage of SACRC in CRC (2.6%) in our hospital was very low, and it decreased continuously over the last two decades, indicating that schistosomiasis is no longer an important risk factor for CRC in Shanghai, China. Patients with SACRC have distinct clinicopathological, molecular, and treatment-related features and survival rates similar to those with NSACRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxin Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University
- Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Center and Genetic Block Center of Familial Cancer, Changhai Hospital
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University
- Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Center and Genetic Block Center of Familial Cancer, Changhai Hospital
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Parasitic Disease, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University
- Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Center and Genetic Block Center of Familial Cancer, Changhai Hospital
| | - Chen Guang Bai
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University
| | - An Fu Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Kongjiang Hospital, Yangpu District
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Kongjiang Hospital, Yangpu District
| | - Si Min Dai
- Department of Parasitic Disease, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Zubing Mei
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Anorectal Disease Institute of Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University
- Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Center and Genetic Block Center of Familial Cancer, Changhai Hospital
| | - Xian Hua Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University
- Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Center and Genetic Block Center of Familial Cancer, Changhai Hospital
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7
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Liu J, Jing H, Lu K, Wang L, Zhu T, Xu Y, Bu D, Cheng M, Liu J, Shen W, Yao J, Huang S. Comparison of the prognostic value of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD3 + T cells between schistosomal and non-schistosomal colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:31. [PMID: 36726115 PMCID: PMC9890788 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-02911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and CD3 + cells and CD20 + cells between schistosomal colorectal cancer (SCRC) and non-schistosomal CRC (NSCRC). BACKGROUND Although schistosomiasis has been basically eliminated, it has not been completely extinction in China, and occasional outbreaks occur in Europe recently. The role of immune cells in the immune microenvironment of SCRC and NSCRC is remaining obscure, and the inflammation-based prognostic systems of SCRC has rarely been reported. METHODS HE-stained sections of 349 colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors, which were completely resected, were evaluated for density of TILs. Meanwhile, we evaluated CD3 + T lymphocytes and CD20 + B lymphocytes by immunochemistry. The relationship of these infiltrating immune cells with clinicopathological features, including schistosomiasis, and clinical outcomes was evaluated, and the prognostic roles of TILs in SCRC and NSCRC were explored. RESULTS Except for age (P < 0.0001), there were no significant differences between NSCRC and SCRC patients in clinicopathological features (P > 0.05). Beside, the positive expression pattern of sTILs, iTILs, CD3, and CD20 between NSCRC and SCRC patients was also similar (P > 0.05). In the whole cohort, sTILs and CD3 were defined as independent prognostic factors (P = 0.031 and P = 0.003, respectively). CD3 was an independent prognostic factor both in the NSCRC and SCRC set (P = 0.026 and P = 0.045, respectively). Higher sTILs, CD3, and CD20 were correlated with less aggressive tumor characteristics in the whole cohort and in subgroups. CONCLUSION Although CD3 was an independent prognostic factor for both NSCRC and SCRC set, there were no significant differences between SCRC and NSCRC patients in sTILs, CD3, CD20, and in other clinicopathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jican Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Jing
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kui Lu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Limei Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dacheng Bu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Meihong Cheng
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weidong Shen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxia Yao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sinian Huang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
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Burky M, Trembath D, Bookhout C. Rectal carcinoma arising in a patient with intestinal and hepatic schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma mekongi. IDCases 2022; 27:e01383. [PMID: 35036322 PMCID: PMC8749178 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic trematode infection spread by snails with multiple species causing human disease. Infection can cause liver disease, including fibrosis and portal hypertension, and has been linked to malignancies such as bladder and colorectal cancer. We describe a case of Schistosoma mekongi, a geographically limited form of schistosomiasis, in a Laotian immigrant who presented with both hepatic fibrosis and rectal cancer, with numerous schistosome eggs present in the patient’s rectal resection. We believe this case is the first report of a rectal carcinoma arising in the setting of S. mekongi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Burky
- Department of Pathology, Division of Surgical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospitals, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3rd Floor, Room 30149, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill 27514, NC, USA
| | - Dimitri Trembath
- Department of Pathology, Division of Surgical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospitals, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3rd Floor, Room 30149, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill 27514, NC, USA
| | - Christine Bookhout
- Department of Pathology, Division of Surgical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospitals, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3rd Floor, Room 30149, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill 27514, NC, USA
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Ong CY, Abdalkareem EA, Khoo BY. Functional roles of cytokines in infectious disease associated colorectal carcinogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:1529-1535. [PMID: 34981335 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infection processes induce various soluble factors that are carcinogens in humans; therefore, research into the soluble factors of chronic disease released from cells that have been infected with parasites is warranted. Parasitic infections in host cells release high levels of IFNγ. Studies have hypothesised that parasitosis-associated carcinogenesis might be analogous to colorectal cancers developed from inflammatory bowel diseases, whereby various cytokines and chemokines are secreted during chronic inflammation. IL-18 and IL-21 are other factors that might be involved in the development of colorectal cancer in schistosomiasis patients and patients with other infections. IL-21 has profound effects on tumour growth and immunosurveillance of colitis-associated tumourigenesis, thereby emphasising its involvement in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. The prominent role of IL-21 in antitumour effects greatly depends on the enhanced cytolytic activity of NK cells and the pathogenic role of IL-21, which is often associated with enhanced risks of cancer and chronic inflammatory processes. As IL-15 is also related to chronic disease, it is believed to also play a role in the antitumour effect of colorectal carcinogenesis. IL-15 generates and maintains long-term CD8+ T cell immunity against T. gondii to control the infection of intracellular pathogens. The lack of IL-15 in mice contributes to the downregulation of the IFNγ-producing CD4+ T cell response against acute T. gondii infection. IL-15 induces hyperplasia and supports the progressive growth of colon cancer via multiple functions. The limited role of IL-15 in the development of NK and CD8+ T cells suggests that there may be other cytokines compensating for the loss of the IL-15 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Yi Ong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, H53, Jalan Inovasi, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Eshtiyag Abdalla Abdalkareem
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, H53, Jalan Inovasi, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine Research Institute (TMRI), 1304, El-Gaser Street, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Boon Yin Khoo
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, H53, Jalan Inovasi, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
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10
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Wang W, Jing H, Liu J, Bu D, Zhang Y, Zhu T, Lu K, Xu Y, Cheng M, Liu J, Yao J, Huang S, Wang L. Correlation between schistosomiasis and CD8+ T cell and stromal PD-L1 as well as the different prognostic role of CD8+ T cell and PD-L1 in schistosomal-associated colorectal cancer and non-schistosomal-associated colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:321. [PMID: 34743724 PMCID: PMC8573878 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of schistosomiasis on CD8+ T cells and then on PD-L1 expression was unknown, and the utility of CD8+ TILs as a biomarker for schistosomal-associated colorectal cancer (SCRC) rarely has been reported. Methods Three hundred thirty-eight patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) were enrolled. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to evaluate the expression of PD-L1 and the infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Results In the total cohort, the results showed that CD8+ TIL density was positively correlated with tumoral (p = 0.0001) and stromal PD-L1 expression (p = 0.0102). But there were no correlation between schistosomiasis and CD8+ TILs and PD-L1. Furthermore, CD8+ TIL density (p = 0.010), schistosomiasis (p = 0.042) were independent predictive factors for overall survival (OS). Stromal PD-L1 (sPD-L1) was correlated with OS (p = 0.046), but it was not an independent predictor. In patients without schistosomiasis, CD8 + T cells (p = 0.002) and sPD-L1 (p = 0.005) were associated with better OS. In patients with schistosomiasis, CD8 + T cells were independent prognosis factor (p = 0.045). Conclusions The study showed that CD8+ TILs was an independent predictive factor for OS in CRC and SCRC patients. The expression of PD-L1 was positively associated with CD8 + TILs density. There were no correlation between schistosomiasis and CD8 + TILs and PD-L1. Stromal PD-L1 but not tPD-L1 was significantly associated with OS, whereas it was not an independent prognostic factor. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-021-02433-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Jing
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Jican Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Dacheng Bu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Lu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihong Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxia Yao
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Sinian Huang
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 1158 East Park Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China.
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11
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von Bülow V, Lichtenberger J, Grevelding CG, Falcone FH, Roeb E, Roderfeld M. Does Schistosoma Mansoni Facilitate Carcinogenesis? Cells 2021; 10:1982. [PMID: 34440754 PMCID: PMC8393187 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most prominent parasite-induced infectious diseases, causing tremendous medical and socioeconomic problems. Current studies have reported on the spread of endemic regions and the fear of development of resistance against praziquantel, the only effective drug available. Among the Schistosoma species, only S. haematobium is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen (definitely cancerogenic to humans), causing squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder, whereas infection with S. mansoni is included in Group 3 of carcinogenic hazards to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), indicating insufficient evidence to determine its carcinogenicity. Nevertheless, although S. mansoni has not been discussed as an organic carcinogen, the multiplicity of case reports, together with recent data from animal models and cell culture experiments, suggests that this parasite can predispose patients to or promote hepatic and colorectal cancer. In this review, we discuss the current data, with a focus on new developments regarding the association of S. mansoni infection with human cancer and the recently discovered biomolecular mechanisms by which S. mansoni may predispose patients to cancer development and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena von Bülow
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.v.B.); (J.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Jakob Lichtenberger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.v.B.); (J.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Christoph G. Grevelding
- Institute of Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.G.G.); (F.H.F.)
| | - Franco H. Falcone
- Institute of Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.G.G.); (F.H.F.)
| | - Elke Roeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.v.B.); (J.L.); (E.R.)
| | - Martin Roderfeld
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.v.B.); (J.L.); (E.R.)
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12
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Alshammari S, Almajed A, Alkhawaja R, Alshammari T, Hakami R, Husain S, Bin Traiki T. Colorectal Schistosomiasis Infection After Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Recurrent Metastatic Colon Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e930439. [PMID: 33974618 PMCID: PMC8126586 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.930439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 53-year-old Final Diagnosis: Schistosomiasis colitis Symptoms: Intolerable anal pain • rectal bleeding Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Oncology • Surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Alshammari
- Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwaq Almajed
- Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Retaj Alkhawaja
- Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alshammari
- Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh Hakami
- Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sufia Husain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Bin Traiki
- Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Qin X, Liu CY, Xiong YL, Bai T, Zhang L, Hou XH, Song J. The clinical features of chronic intestinal schistosomiasis-related intestinal lesions. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:12. [PMID: 33407185 PMCID: PMC7789259 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic intestinal schistosomiasis has been reported to be associated with colonic polyps, colorectal cancer and ulcerative colitis. We aim to investigate the clinical characteristics of intestinal-related lesions caused by chronic intestinal schistosomiasis japonicum. Methods Patients with and without chronic intestinal schistosomiasis were retrospectively enrolled from the endoscopy center of Wuhan Union Hospital from September 1, 2014, to June 30, 2019 with a ratio of 4:1. The characteristics of infected intestinal segments were analyzed in patients with chronic intestinal schistosomiasis. We also compared the characteristics of intestinal-related lesions, including colorectal polyps, colorectal cancer (CRC), ulceration or erosion of the intestinal mucosa and hemorrhoids, between the two groups. Results A total of 248 patients with chronic intestinal schistosomiasis and 992 patients without chronic intestinal schistosomiasis were analyzed. The most common sites of chronic intestinal schistosomiasis were the sigmoid colon (79.0%) and rectum (84.7%). The frequency of intestinal polyps (64.5% vs. 42.8%, p < 0.001), especially rectal polyps (62.5% vs. 45.0%, p = 0.002), in the intestinal schistosomiasis group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Morphologically, type IIa polyps were more common in the schistosomiasis enteropathy group (68.5% vs. 60.7%, p = 0.001). Female patients with intestinal schistosomiasis had a higher detection rate of CRC than women in the control group (13.8% vs. 5.4%, p = 0.017). There was no significant difference in the incidence of ulcerative colitis between the two groups (0.8% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.664). In addition, the schistosomiasis enteropathy patients had a higher detection rate of internal hemorrhoids (58.9% vs. 51.0%, p = 0.027). Conclusions Chronic intestinal schistosomiasis mainly involved the rectum and sigmoid colon and was more likely to induce intestinal polyps, especially rectal polyps and internal hemorrhoids. Women with chronic schistosomiasis have a higher risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Qin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cai-Yuan Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yi-Lin Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jun Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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14
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Ahmed MH, Emara MH, Elfert AA, El-Saka AM, Elfert AA, Abd-Elsalam S, Yousef M. Persistent Colonic Schistosomiasis among Symptomatic Rural Inhabitants in the Egyptian Nile Delta. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2021; 13:e2021033. [PMID: 34007421 PMCID: PMC8114893 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2021.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Human schistosomiasis is one of the most important and unfortunately neglected tropical diseases. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of colonic schistosomiasis among symptomatic rural inhabitants of the Middle Northern region of the Egyptian Nile delta. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study recruited 193 inhabitants of the rural community in the Egyptian Nile Delta referred for colonoscopy because of variable symptoms. After giving written informed consent, they were exposed to thorough history, clinical examination, stool analysis, abdominal ultrasonography, and pan-colonoscopy with biopsies. RESULTS Twenty-four cases out of the 193 patients had confirmed active schistosomiasis with a prevalence rate of 12.4%. Bleeding with stool was the predominant manifestation of active Schistosoma infection among the cases either alone or in combination with abdominal pain. On clinical examination, most patients (n=17; 70.8%) did not have organomegaly, and 25% had clinically palpable splenomegaly as far as 75% of them had sonographically detected hepatic periportal fibrosis. Also, 66.6% of patients have significant endoscopic lesions (polyps, ulcers, mass-like lesions), and 16.6% of them had colonic affection beyond the recto-sigmoid region. CONCLUSION Colonic schistosomiasis is still prevalent among the Egyptian Nile Delta's symptomatic rural inhabitants at a rate of 12.4%. Of them, 66.6% had significant endoscopic colorectal lesions. This persistent transmission of schistosomiasis in the Egyptian Nile Delta's rural community sounds the alarm for continuing governmental efforts and plans to screen the high-risk groups. The prevalence rate reported in the current study is lower than the actual prevalence rate of schistosomiasis due to focusing only on a subgroup of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hussien Ahmed
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Emara
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Amr Asem Elfert
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Aymen M El-Saka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Asem Ahmed Elfert
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sherief Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Yousef
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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15
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Schistosoma mansoni eggs induce Wnt/β-catenin signaling and activate the protooncogene c-Jun in human and hamster colon. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22373. [PMID: 33361772 PMCID: PMC7758332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, with considerable morbidity in parts of the Middle East, South America, Southeast Asia, in sub-Saharan Africa, and particularly also in Europe. The WHO describes an increasing global health burden with more than 290 million people threatened by the disease and a potential to spread into regions with temperate climates like Corsica, France. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of S. mansoni infection on colorectal carcinogenic signaling pathways in vivo and in vitro. S. mansoni infection, soluble egg antigens (SEA) and the Interleukin-4-inducing principle from S. mansoni eggs induce Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the protooncogene c-Jun as well as downstream factor Cyclin D1 and markers for DNA-damage, such as Parp1 and γH2a.x in enterocytes. The presence of these characteristic hallmarks of colorectal carcinogenesis was confirmed in colon biopsies from S. mansoni-infected patients demonstrating the clinical relevance of our findings. For the first time it was shown that S. mansoni SEA may be involved in the induction of colorectal carcinoma-associated signaling pathways.
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16
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Galliamov EA, Agapov MA, Mal’kov PG, Markaryan DR, Danilova NV, Kakotkin VV, Kazachenko EA, Lukyanov AM, Oleynikova NA, Kubyshkin VA. PARASITIC ABSCESS AS AN INCIDENTAL HISTOLOGICAL FINDING IN THE TREATMENT OF SIGMOID COLON CANCER. SURGICAL PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.38181/2223-2427-2020-3-53-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: A high worldwide incidence of colorectal cancer defines the importance of search not only for effective treatment methods, but also for risk factors for the cancer development and its worst prognosis. The influence of many genetic factors, environmental characteristics and lifestyle features has already been proven, and recently the attention of researchers is being focused on the study of microbiota and, in particular, various parasitic intestinal diseases in the context of risk factors for colorectal cancer.Clinical case presentation: we demonstrate an incidental finding of parasitic invasion signs during the pathomorphological examination of the surgical specimen in a patient without an epidemiological history.Conclusion: Further studies are needed not only to confirm and substantiate the role of micro- and macroorganisms inhabiting the intestine in the development of oncological diseases, but also to identify individual links of pathogenesis, pathological pathways and signaling molecules involved in carcinogenesis. Research like this could help broaden knowledge about both the risk factors and predictors of colorectal cancer and the potential sites for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Galliamov
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU); Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - M. A. Agapov
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
| | - P. G. Mal’kov
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
| | - D. R. Markaryan
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
| | - N. V. Danilova
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
| | - V. V. Kakotkin
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
| | - E. A. Kazachenko
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
| | - A. M. Lukyanov
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
| | - N. A. Oleynikova
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
| | - V. A. Kubyshkin
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (Lomonosov MSU)
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17
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Shahzad K, Elmedani M, Mathew S, Peristerakis I. Rare cause of right iliac fossa pain in a UK patient. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/10/e234694. [PMID: 33127722 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-234694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 62-year-old Asian man presented with a 3-month history of right iliac fossa pain which had progressively worsened over the last 3 weeks. All blood parameters were found to be unremarkable except for mildly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. CT imaging demonstrated thickening of the ascending colon and caecum. Colonoscopic biopsies showed submucosal granulomas with features suggestive of schistosomiasis and parasite serology was positive for Schistosoma antibodies. He was treated with praziquantel and showed subsequent symptomatic and radiological improvement. However, he represented nearly 2 years later and underwent a right hemicolectomy for small bowel obstruction. The resected bowel showed an inflammatory caecal mass and a terminal ileal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Shahzad
- Radiology Department, Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bolton, UK
| | - Mohamed Elmedani
- Radiology Department, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Smitha Mathew
- Radiology Department, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Ioannis Peristerakis
- Colorectal Surgery, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
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18
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Wu C, Du X, Tang L, Wu J, Zhao W, Guo X, Liu D, Hu W, Helmby H, Chen G, Wang Z. Schistosoma japonicum SjE16.7 Protein Promotes Tumor Development via the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE). Front Immunol 2020; 11:1767. [PMID: 32973746 PMCID: PMC7472961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosome infection contributes to cancer development, but the mechanisms are still not well-understood. SjE16.7 is an EF-hand calcium-binding protein secreted from Schistosoma japonicum eggs. It is a neutrophil attractant and macrophage activator and, as such, plays an important role in the inflammatory granuloma response in schistosomiasis. Here, we show that SjE16.7 binds to host cells by interacting with receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). This ligation leads to activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species, and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. Using a mouse model of colorectal cancer, we demonstrate that intraperitoneal injection of SjE16.7 promotes colorectal cancer progression along with systemic myeloid cell accumulation. Thus, our results identify a new helminth antigen contributing to tumor development in the mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyun Wu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Du
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dengyu Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Helena Helmby
- Department for Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guangjie Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Al-Zubaidi AM, Bashanfer GA, Alqannas MH, Al Atawi AS. Colonic Polyps an Unusual Manifestation of Schistosomiasis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2020; 21:e923177. [PMID: 32764533 PMCID: PMC7476750 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.923177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 24-year-old Final Diagnosis: Large rectal polyps secondary to Schistosoma infection • Unusual colonic polyp caused by Schistoma infection Symptoms: Abdominal pain • bleeding per rectum Medication: During the procedure: Xylocaine local gel • Midazolam inj • Fentanyl inj; For the disease: Praziquantel tab Clinical Procedure: Colonoscopy with endoscopic submucosal resection (EMR) • endoscopic submucosal resection (EMR) Specialty: Gastroenterology and Hepatology • Endoscopy
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mothanna Al-Zubaidi
- Department of Medicine, Endoscopy Unit, King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Galal Ahmed Bashanfer
- Deparment of Laboratory, Histopathology Section, King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashhour H Alqannas
- Department of Surgery, Bariatric Surgery, King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Roderfeld M, Padem S, Lichtenberger J, Quack T, Weiskirchen R, Longerich T, Schramm G, Churin Y, Irungbam K, Tschuschner A, Windhorst A, Grevelding CG, Roeb E. Schistosoma mansoni Egg-Secreted Antigens Activate Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Associated Transcription Factors c-Jun and STAT3 in Hamster and Human Hepatocytes. Hepatology 2020; 72:626-641. [PMID: 30053321 PMCID: PMC7496692 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical data have provided evidence that schistosomiasis can promote hepatocellular carcinogenesis. c-Jun and STAT3 are critical regulators of liver cancer development and progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatocellular activation of c-Jun and STAT3 by Schistosoma mansoni infection. Expression and function of c-Jun and STAT3 as well as proliferation and DNA repair were analyzed by western blotting, electrophoretic mobility-shift assay, and immunohistochemistry in liver of S. mansoni-infected hamsters, Huh7 cells, primary hepatocytes, and human liver biopsies. Hepatocellular activation of c-Jun was demonstrated by nuclear translocation of c-Jun, enhanced phosphorylation (Ser73), and AP-1/DNA-binding in response to S. mansoni infection. Nuclear c-Jun staining pattern around lodged eggs without ambient immune reaction, and directionally from granuloma to the central veins, suggested that substances released from schistosome eggs were responsible for the observed effects. In addition, hepatocytes with c-Jun activation show cell activation and DNA double-strand breaks. These findings from the hamster model were confirmed by analyses of human biopsies from patients with schistosomiasis. Cell culture experiments finally demonstrated that activation of c-Jun and STAT3 as well as DNA repair were induced by an extract from schistosome eggs (soluble egg antigens) and culture supernatants of live schistosome egg (egg-conditioned medium), and in particular by IPSE/alpha-1, the major component secreted by live schistosome eggs. The permanent activation of hepatocellular carcinoma-associated proto-oncogenes such as c-Jun and associated transcription factors including STAT3 by substances released from tissue-trapped schistosome eggs may be important factors contributing to the development of liver cancer in S. mansoni-infected patients. Therefore, identification and therapeutic targeting of the underlying pathways is a useful strategy to prevent schistosomiasis-associated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Roderfeld
- Department of GastroenterologyJustus‐Liebig‐UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Sevinc Padem
- Department of GastroenterologyJustus‐Liebig‐UniversityGiessenGermany
| | | | - Thomas Quack
- Institute of ParasitologyBFS, Justus‐Liebig‐UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical ChemistryRWTH University Hospital AachenAachenGermany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Translational Gastrointestinal Pathology, Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Gabriele Schramm
- Experimental Pneumology, Priority Research Area Asthma & AllergyResearch Center BorstelParkallee, BorstelGermany
| | - Yuri Churin
- Department of GastroenterologyJustus‐Liebig‐UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Karuna Irungbam
- Department of GastroenterologyJustus‐Liebig‐UniversityGiessenGermany
| | | | - Anita Windhorst
- Institute for Medical InformaticsJustus‐Liebig‐UniversityGiessenGermany
| | | | - Elke Roeb
- Department of GastroenterologyJustus‐Liebig‐UniversityGiessenGermany
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21
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Surgery for Pulmonary Parenchymatous Schistosomiasis (Bilharziomas): A 20-Year Single-Centre Experience. Heart Lung Circ 2020; 29:1093-1100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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22
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Wang W, Lu K, Wang L, Jing H, Pan W, Huang S, Xu Y, Bu D, Cheng M, Liu J, Liu J, Shen W, Zhang Y, Yao J, Zhu T. Comparison of non-schistosomal colorectal cancer and schistosomal colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:149. [PMID: 32611359 PMCID: PMC7330999 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-01925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study was to compare clinicopathological features of patients with non-schistosomal and schistosomal colorectal cancer to explore the effect of schistosomiasis on colorectal cancer (CRC) patients’ clinical outcomes. Methods Three hundred fifty-one cases of CRC were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Survival curves were constructed by using the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) method. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to identify associations with outcome variables. Results Colorectal cancer patients with schistosomiasis (CRC-S) were significantly older (P < 0.001) than the patients without schistosomiasis (CRC-NS). However, there were no significant differences between CRC-S and CRC-NS patients in other clinicopathological features. Schistosomiasis was associated with adverse overall survival (OS) upon K-M analysis (P = 0.0277). By univariate and multivariate analysis, gender (P = 0.003), TNM stage (P < 0.001), schistosomiasis (P = 0.025), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.030), and lymph nodes positive for CRC (P < 0.001) were all independent predictors in the whole cohort. When patients were stratified according to clinical stage and lymph node metastasis state, schistosomiasis was also an independent predictor in patients with stage III–IV tumors and in patients with lymph node metastasis, but not in patients with stage I–II tumors and in patients without lymph node metastasis. Conclusion Schistosomiasis was significantly correlated with OS, and it was an independent prognostic factor for OS in the whole cohort. When patients were stratified according to clinical stage and lymph node metastasis state, schistosomiasis was still an independently unfavorable prognosis factor for OS in patients with stage III–IV tumors or patients with lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District Central Hospital, No.1158 Gongyuan East Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Lu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District Central Hospital, No.1158 Gongyuan East Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District Central Hospital, No.1158 Gongyuan East Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Jing
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District Central Hospital, No.1158 Gongyuan East Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyu Pan
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District Central Hospital, No.1158 Gongyuan East Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Sinian Huang
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District Central Hospital, No.1158 Gongyuan East Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District Central Hospital, No.1158 Gongyuan East Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Dacheng Bu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District Central Hospital, No.1158 Gongyuan East Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihong Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District Central Hospital, No.1158 Gongyuan East Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District Central Hospital, No.1158 Gongyuan East Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Jican Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District Central Hospital, No.1158 Gongyuan East Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Shen
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District Central Hospital, No.1158 Gongyuan East Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District Central Hospital, No.1158 Gongyuan East Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxia Yao
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District Central Hospital, No.1158 Gongyuan East Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Qingpu District Central Hospital, No.1158 Gongyuan East Road, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Z, Du Z, Liu Y, Wang W, Liang M, Zhang A, Yang J. Comparison of the clinicopathological features and prognoses of patients with schistosomal and nonschistosomal colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2375-2383. [PMID: 32194737 PMCID: PMC7039146 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with schistosomal colorectal cancer (CRC) and nonschistosomal CRC have different clinicopathological features, laboratory test results and survival rates. Long-term infection with schistosomiasis in patients with CRC may affect the pathogenesis and subsequently change the mechanisms of CRC in these patients, resulting in changes in the survival rates of patients with schistosomal and nonschistosomal CRC. In China, the most common type of schistosomiasis is S. japonicum. The present study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of schistosomal and nonschistosomal CRC. A total of 253 patients with schistosomal CRC and 2,885 patients with nonschistosomal CRC were analyzed and their symptoms, clinicopathological features and laboratory test results were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with CRC in the present study underwent radical resection at The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College between January 2012 and December 2018. A total of 3,138 patients with CRC were enrolled, 253 of whom were patients with schistosomal CRC. Patients were followed-up to examine differences in the 5-year survival rates between patients with schistosomal and nonschistosomal CRC to determine whether schistosomiasis impacted the prognosis of CRC. There were significant differences in age, sex, fecal occult blood positive, pathological T stage, and CA19-9, WBC, RBC and PLT levels between patients with schistosomal CRC and nonschistosomal CRC. For residents in areas with higher levels of schistosomiasis infections, especially middle-aged and elderly males, serum tumor markers and digestive tract endoscopy should be regularly evaluated to detect the presence of digestive tract tumors as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiang Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Yinhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Manman Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
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24
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Reddy GP, Reddy LV, Kim S. CANCER BIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY. Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119645214.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Liao C, Cheng X, Liu M, Wang X, Boireau P. Trichinella spiralis and Tumors: Cause, Coincidence or Treatment? Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 18:1091-1099. [PMID: 29173187 PMCID: PMC6340159 DOI: 10.2174/1871520617666171121115847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Conventional therapeutic strategies for tumors have had limited success, and innovative and more effective approaches to treatment are urgently required. The ancient idea that various biological, bacterial, yeast, viral, and para-sitic agents can be used as cancer therapeutics has gradually attracted considerable interest. Certain parasites have been widely discussed in association with human and animal tumors. The purpose of this review was to examine previous literatures which investigates the relations between Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) and tumors. Methods: Using PubMed, articles published before 2018 in the whole world have been searched and comprehensively re-viewed. Results: Many researches have provided proofs that T. spiralis possesses antitumor activities. The antitumor effect of T. spi-ralis was first described in the 1970s. However, its research has been inconsistent, and little progress has been made in this field. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying these inhibitory effects are still unclear, and convincing evidence of the links be-tween T. spiralis and the prevention or treatment of tumors from clinical trials is absent. Meanwhile, some other researches al-so suggested that T. spiralis may cause or contribute to coinfection with a tumors. Conclusion: The review has highlighted the scientific literature focussing on evidence for T. spiralis to act as a pro- or anti-tumorigenic agent is summarized and discussed, in hope of contributing to a better understanding of the relations between T. spiralis and tumors
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshui Liao
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health/ College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,OIE Collaborating Center for Food-Borne Parasites in the Asian-Pacific Region, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangchao Cheng
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health/ College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,OIE Collaborating Center for Food-Borne Parasites in the Asian-Pacific Region, Changchun, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xuelin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,OIE Collaborating Center for Food-Borne Parasites in the Asian-Pacific Region, Changchun, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pascal Boireau
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,OIE Collaborating Center for Food-Borne Parasites in the Asian-Pacific Region, Changchun, China.,ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort, France
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26
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Eder BVA, Bösmüller H, Schubert T, Bissinger AL. Sigmoid colon cancer due to Schistosomiasis. Infection 2019; 47:1071-1072. [PMID: 31165443 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-019-01331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca V A Eder
- Medical Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans Bösmüller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Alfred L Bissinger
- Medical Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
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Abstract
The increasing number of refugees, migrants and international travelers influences the surgical spectrum of abdominal diseases. The aim of this review is to familiarize surgeons with specific diseases which are endemic in the patients' countries of origin and are likely to be diagnosed with increasing incidence in Germany. Low levels of hygiene in the countries of origin or refugee camps is associated with a high incidence of numerous infections, such as helminth infections, typhoid fever or amoebiasis, which if untreated can cause surgical emergencies. Historically, some of them were common in Germany but have been more or less eradicated because of the high socioeconomic standard. Echinococcosis and Chagas disease are frequently treated surgically while schistosomiasis can mimic intestinal cancer. Abdominal tuberculosis presents in a variety of abdominal pathologies and frequently causes diagnostic uncertainty. Sigmoid volvulus has a very low incidence among Europeans, but is one of the most common abdominal surgical conditions of adults in endemic countries. The number of patients who eventually undergo surgery for these conditions might be relatively low; however, surgeons must be aware of them and consider them as differential diagnoses in refugees and migrants with acute or chronic abdominal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Wilhelm
- Chirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland.
| | - S Post
- Chirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland
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28
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Leir SA, Foot O, Jeyaratnam D, Whyte MB. Schistosomiasis and associated iron-deficiency anaemia presenting decades after immigration from sub-Saharan Africa. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/4/e227564. [PMID: 31036732 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-227564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic schistosomiasis and its intestinal manifestations can lead to anaemia. However, schistosomiasis resulting in anaemia is rare in the UK. This report aims to raise awareness of schistosomiasis in immigrants to the UK and prevent missed diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Foot
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dakshika Jeyaratnam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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29
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Thakur R, Singh BB, Jindal P, Aulakh RS, Gill JPS. The Clean India Mission: Public and animal health benefits. Acta Trop 2018; 186:5-15. [PMID: 29949730 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Clean India Mission is a national campaign that aims for complete elimination of open defecation from the country. In India, 564 million people do not have access to toilets and defecate in the open environment. The 'Millennium development goals' have given increased weightage to elimination of open defecation for improving health, nutrition and productivity of developing country populations. The Indian economy bears an estimated annual total loss (in terms of health, education, access time and tourism) of US$ 54 billion due to lack of toilets, poor hygiene and over US$ 38.5 billion in treatment costs for diseases occurring due to poor hygiene. Out of 1415 human pathogens, at least more than 10% of pathogens are transmitted through the faecal-oral route. The practice of open defecation helps pathogens persist in the environment and cause diseases. This review focuses on the current status and harms of open defecation, as well as the public and animal health benefits of implementing 'The Clean India Mission' in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Thakur
- School of Public Health & Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Balbir Bagicha Singh
- School of Public Health & Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
| | - Prateek Jindal
- School of Public Health & Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Rabinder Singh Aulakh
- School of Public Health & Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
- School of Public Health & Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
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30
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Immuno-therapeutic potential of Schistosoma mansoni and Trichinella spiralis antigens in a murine model of colon cancer. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:47-56. [PMID: 29808307 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicates a negative correlation between the prevalence of some parasitic infections and cancer and their interference with tumor growth. Therefore, parasitic antigens seem to be promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, the therapeutic efficacy of autoclaved Schistosoma mansoni and Trichinella spiralis antigens against a colon cancer murine model was investigated. Both antigens showed immunomodulatory potential, as evidenced by a significant decrease in serum IL-17, a significant increase in serum IL-10, and the percentage of splenic CD4+T-cells and intestinal FoxP3+ Treg cells. However, treatment with S. mansoni antigen yielded protection against the deleterious effect of DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis only, with a significant decrease in the average lesion size and number of neoplasias per mouse. For the first time, we report an inhibitory effect of S. mansoni antigen on the progression of chemically induced colon carcinogenesis, but the exact mechanism has yet to be clarified. This anti-tumor strategy could introduce a new era of medicine in which a generation of anticancer vaccines of parasitic origin would boost the therapy for incurable cancers.
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Almeida GFG, Sarinho FW, Carvalho de Abreu E Lima P, Oliveira Filho JB, Moura MADL, Ribeiro LNB, Rolim de Brito B, Lira MMDM, Maior MDRMS, Domingues ALC. DNA Repair Defect and RAS Mutation in Two Patients With Schistosoma mansoni-Associated Colorectal Cancer: Carcinogenesis Steps or Mere Coincidence? J Glob Oncol 2017; 3:423-426. [PMID: 28831451 PMCID: PMC5560459 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.2016.006254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Fernandes Godoy Almeida
- , , , , , and , Hospital das Clinicas Federal University of Pernambuco; , Laboratorio de Patologia Adonis Carvalho; , Genomika Diagnosticos; and and , Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Filipe Wanick Sarinho
- , , , , , and , Hospital das Clinicas Federal University of Pernambuco; , Laboratorio de Patologia Adonis Carvalho; , Genomika Diagnosticos; and and , Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Paula Carvalho de Abreu E Lima
- , , , , , and , Hospital das Clinicas Federal University of Pernambuco; , Laboratorio de Patologia Adonis Carvalho; , Genomika Diagnosticos; and and , Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Joao Bosco Oliveira Filho
- , , , , , and , Hospital das Clinicas Federal University of Pernambuco; , Laboratorio de Patologia Adonis Carvalho; , Genomika Diagnosticos; and and , Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maxwell Alex de Lima Moura
- , , , , , and , Hospital das Clinicas Federal University of Pernambuco; , Laboratorio de Patologia Adonis Carvalho; , Genomika Diagnosticos; and and , Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Lais Neares Barbosa Ribeiro
- , , , , , and , Hospital das Clinicas Federal University of Pernambuco; , Laboratorio de Patologia Adonis Carvalho; , Genomika Diagnosticos; and and , Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rolim de Brito
- , , , , , and , Hospital das Clinicas Federal University of Pernambuco; , Laboratorio de Patologia Adonis Carvalho; , Genomika Diagnosticos; and and , Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Mariana Montenegro de Melo Lira
- , , , , , and , Hospital das Clinicas Federal University of Pernambuco; , Laboratorio de Patologia Adonis Carvalho; , Genomika Diagnosticos; and and , Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marcelo do Rego Maciel Souto Maior
- , , , , , and , Hospital das Clinicas Federal University of Pernambuco; , Laboratorio de Patologia Adonis Carvalho; , Genomika Diagnosticos; and and , Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Coutinho Domingues
- , , , , , and , Hospital das Clinicas Federal University of Pernambuco; , Laboratorio de Patologia Adonis Carvalho; , Genomika Diagnosticos; and and , Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Experimental African trypanosome infection suppresses the development of multiple myeloma in mice by inducing intrinsic apoptosis of malignant plasma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:52016-52025. [PMID: 28881710 PMCID: PMC5581009 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Recently, several studies have highlighted the role of pathogens in either promoting or dampening malignancies of unrelated origin. Trypanosoma brucei is an extracellular protozoan parasite which causes sleeping sickness. Our group has previously demonstrated that trypanosome infection affects effector plasma B cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that T. brucei infection could have an impact on MM development. Using the immunocompetent 5T33MM model, we demonstrated a significant reduction in BM-plasmacytosis and M-protein levels in mice infected with T. brucei, resulting in an increased survival of these mice. Blocking IFNγ could only partially abrogate these effects, suggesting that other mechanisms are involved in the destruction of malignant plasma cells. We found that T. brucei induces intrinsic apoptosis of 5T33MM cells in vivo, and that this was associated with reduced endogenous unfolded protein response (UPR) activation. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of IRE1α and PERK was sufficient to induce apoptosis in these cells. Together, these results demonstrate that trypanosome infections can interfere with MM development by suppressing endogenous UPR activation and promoting intrinsic apoptosis.
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Herman AM, Kishe A, Babu H, Shilanaiman H, Tarmohamed M, Lodhia J, Amsi P, Pyuza J, Mremi A, Mwasamwaja A, Nyindo M, Chilonga K, Msuya D. Colorectal cancer in a patient with intestinal schistosomiasis: a case report from Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center Northern Zone Tanzania. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:146. [PMID: 28768520 PMCID: PMC5541651 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer associated with chronic intestinal schistosomiasis has been linked with the chronic inflammation as a result of schistosomal ova deposition in the submucosal layer of the intestine. Among all species Schistosoma japonicum has been more linked to development of colorectal cancer as compared to Schistosoma mansoni due to absence of population-based studies to support the association. Despite the weak evidence, some cases have been reported associating S. mansoni with development of colorectal cancer. Case Presentation We report a patient who presented to us as a case of intestinal obstruction and found to have a constrictive lesion at the sigmoid colon at laparotomy, then later found to have colorectal cancer with deposited S. mansoni ova at histology. Conclusion Given the known late complications of schistosomiasis, and as S. mansoni is endemic in some parts of Tanzania, epidemiological studies are recommended to shed more light on its association with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesiga M Herman
- Department of General Surgery, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania. .,Department of Endoscopy, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, P. O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania. .,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P. O Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania.
| | - Alfred Kishe
- Department of General Surgery, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Heri Babu
- Department of General Surgery, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Hilary Shilanaiman
- Department of General Surgery, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Murad Tarmohamed
- Department of General Surgery, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Jay Lodhia
- Department of General Surgery, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Patrick Amsi
- Department of Pathology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, P. O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Jeremia Pyuza
- Department of Pathology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, P. O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Alex Mremi
- Department of Pathology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, P. O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Amos Mwasamwaja
- Department of Endoscopy, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, P. O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Mramba Nyindo
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P. O Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Kondo Chilonga
- Department of General Surgery, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P. O Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - David Msuya
- Department of General Surgery, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P.O Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania.,Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P. O Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania
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Cui Y, Liang L, Zhong Q, He Q, Shan X, Chen K, Huang F. The association of cancer risks with pentachlorophenol exposure: Focusing on community population in the areas along certain section of Yangtze River in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 224:729-738. [PMID: 28094052 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used in large quantities, and mainly for killing the intermediate host snails of schistosome in China, thereby resulting in ubiquitous PCP residue in the environment. However, studies considering the carcinogenicity of PCP for humans mainly focused on occupational workers, and the actual carcinogenicity of PCP for general population is uncertain. To investigate the association between cancer risks and PCP exposure in a community population, an ecological study was conducted in three contaminated areas along the Yangtze River. Standardized rate ratio (SRR) was calculated to represent the risk of cancer incidence, by using incidence in the low PCP exposure category as the reference group. A total of 15,962 cancer records were collected, and 76 water samples and 213 urine samples in three areas were examined. Our findings suggested that compared with the low PCP group, the high PCP group had significantly excessive incidences of various cancers related to different organs including lymph (SRR = 19.44, 95% CI = 15.00-25.19), blood (SRR = 17.24, 95% CI = 12.92-23.01), nasopharynx (SRR = 3.97, 95% CI = 3.75-4.21), gallbladder (SRR = 3.46, 95% CI = 3.09-3.87), pancreas (SRR = 3.41, 95% CI = 3.07-3.79), respiratory system (SRR = 3.41, 95% CI = 3.27-3.57) and liver (SRR = 3.31, 95% CI = 3.09-3.56). Taken together, our present study provides evidence that general community population exposed to high level of PCP exhibits a broader spectrum of increased cancer risks as compared to occupational groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Ling Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xiaomei Shan
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory of Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Keyang Chen
- Department of Hygiene Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Swe T, Baqui A, Naing AT, Baqui T, Sherigar J, Mansour M. Non-necrotizing colonic granuloma induced by schistosomiasis. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2016; 6:33114. [PMID: 27987283 PMCID: PMC5161784 DOI: 10.3402/jchimp.v6.33114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is an important parasitic disease with various clinical presentations caused by trematode blood flukes. It can present with asymptomatic, chronic colonic ulcerations, strictures, or inflammatory mass causing bowel obstruction. Intestinal polyps are uncommon and induced by antigens released from the schistosome eggs that trigger a cell-mediated inflammatory response with granuloma formation involving T cells, macrophages, and necrosis. This is very relevant while evaluating chronic intermittent gastrointestinal symptoms and eosinophilia in an immigrant patient from endemic areas of schistosomiasis. Here, we describe a case of chronic intestinal schistosomiasis which was found to have schistosomiasis-induced colonic polyp with non-necrotizing granuloma. With increase in immigrant population from the endemic areas of schistosomiasis in the United States, physicians should be aware of this disease and its various manifestations. Gastroenterologist should keep this as one of the differentials for colonic polyps. Diagnosis and treatment in time prevents further progression of the disease and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thein Swe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA;
| | - Aama Baqui
- Department of Pathology, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Akari Thein Naing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Tajruba Baqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jagannath Sherigar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Mohamed Mansour
- Department of Gastroenterology, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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van Tong H, Brindley PJ, Meyer CG, Velavan TP. Parasite Infection, Carcinogenesis and Human Malignancy. EBioMedicine 2016; 15:12-23. [PMID: 27956028 PMCID: PMC5233816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer may be induced by many environmental and physiological conditions. Infections with viruses, bacteria and parasites have been recognized for years to be associated with human carcinogenicity. Here we review current concepts of carcinogenicity and its associations with parasitic infections. The helminth diseases schistosomiasis, opisthorchiasis, and clonorchiasis are highly carcinogenic while the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the causing agent of Chagas disease, has a dual role in the development of cancer, including both carcinogenic and anticancer properties. Although malaria per se does not appear to be causative in carcinogenesis, it is strongly associated with the occurrence of endemic Burkitt lymphoma in areas holoendemic for malaria. The initiation of Plasmodium falciparum related endemic Burkitt lymphoma requires additional transforming events induced by the Epstein-Barr virus. Observations suggest that Strongyloides stercoralis may be a relevant co-factor in HTLV-1-related T cell lymphomas. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms of parasitic infection-induced carcinogenicity. The helminth diseases schistosomiasis, opisthorchiasis, and clonorchiasis are highly carcinogenic. Trypanosoma cruzi has a dual role in cancer development including both carcinogenic and anticancer properties. Initiation of Plasmodium falciparum related endemic Burkitt lymphoma requires additional transforming events induced by EBV. Strongyloides stercoralis may be a relevant co-factor in HTLV-1-related T cell lymphomas.
We searched MEDLINE database and PubMed for articles from 1970 through June 30, 2016. Search terms used in various combinations were “parasite infection”, “carcinogenesis”, “cancer”, “human malignancy”, “parasite and cancer”, “infection-associated cancer”, “parasite-associated cancer” “schistosomiasis”, “opisthorchiasis”, “malaria”, “Chagas disease”, and “strongyloidiasis”. Articles resulting from these searches and relevant references cited in those articles were selected based on their related topics and were reviewed. Abstracts and reports from meetings were also included. Articles published in English were included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang van Tong
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applied Research Center, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Health Focus GmbH, Potsdam, Germany; Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Vietnamese - German Centre for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Vietnamese - German Centre for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Hang J, Cai B, Xue P, Wang L, Hu H, Zhou Y, Ren S, Wu J, Zhu M, Chen D, Yang H, Wang L. The Joint Effects of Lifestyle Factors and Comorbidities on the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Large Chinese Retrospective Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143696. [PMID: 26710070 PMCID: PMC4692389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. In previous epidemiologic studies, the respective correlation between lifestyle factors and comorbidity and CRC has been extensively studied. However, little is known about their joint effects on CRC. Methods We conducted a retrospective case-control study of 1,144 diagnosed CRC patients and 60,549 community controls. A structured questionnaire was administered to the participants about their socio-demographic factors, anthropometric measures, comorbidity history and lifestyle factors. Logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for each factor. According to the results from logistic regression model, we further developed healthy lifestyle index (HLI) and comorbidity history index (CHI) to investigate their independent and joint effects on CRC risk. Results Four lifestyle factors (including physical activities, sleep, red meat and vegetable consumption) and four types of comorbidity (including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, history of inflammatory bowel disease and polyps) were found to be independently associated with the risk of CRC in multivariant logistic regression model. Intriguingly, their combined pattern- HLI and CHI demonstrated significant correlation with CRC risk independently (ORHLI: 3.91, 95%CI: 3.13–4.88; ORCHI: 2.49, 95%CI: 2.11–2.93) and jointly (OR: 10.33, 95%CI: 6.59–16.18). Conclusions There are synergistic effects of lifestyle factors and comorbidity on the risk of colorectal cancer in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hang
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Binxin Cai
- Songjiang Center of Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujuan Ren
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajin Wu
- Songjiang Center of Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiying Zhu
- Songjiang Center of Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghui Chen
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (HY); (LWW)
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (HY); (LWW)
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Ferreira MS, de Oliveira DN, de Oliveira RN, Allegretti SM, Catharino RR. Screening the life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 845:62-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ali MA, Arnold CA, Singhi AD, Voltaggio L. Clues to uncommon and easily overlooked infectious diagnoses affecting the GI tract and distinction from their clinicopathologic mimics. Gastrointest Endosc 2014; 80:689-706. [PMID: 25070906 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2014.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Aamir Ali
- Department of Gastroenterology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lysandra Voltaggio
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Abdelkareem EA, Cheong TG, Sharief AH, Huat LB, Yin KB. Identification of specific proteins in colorectal cancer patients with Schistosoma mansoni infection as a possible biomarker for the treatment of this infection. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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41
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Oncogenic brain metazoan parasite infection. Case Rep Neurol Med 2013; 2013:263718. [PMID: 24151568 PMCID: PMC3789294 DOI: 10.1155/2013/263718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple observations suggest that certain parasitic infections can be oncogenic. Among these, neurocysticercosis is associated with increased risk for gliomas and hematologic malignancies. We report the case of a 71-year-old woman with colocalization of a metazoan parasite, possibly cysticercosis, and a WHO grade IV neuroepithelial tumor with exclusively neuronal differentiation by immunohistochemical stains (immunopositive for synaptophysin, neurofilament protein, and Neu-N and not for GFAP, vimentin, or S100). The colocalization and temporal relationship of these two entities suggest a causal relationship.
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42
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Olveda DU, Li Y, Olveda RM, Lam AK, Chau TNP, Harn DA, Williams GM, Gray DJ, Ross AGP. Bilharzia: Pathology, Diagnosis, Management and Control. TROPICAL MEDICINE & SURGERY 2013; 1:135. [PMID: 25346933 PMCID: PMC4208666 DOI: 10.4172/2329-9088.1000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
More than one billion people travel internationally each year and approximately 100 million to the tropics. Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by trematode blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. It currently infects over 250 million people worldwide and results in approximately 25 million disability adjusted life years lost. Clinical manifestations depend on the affected organ. Subtle morbidities have also been documented including: growth retardation, anaemia and poor cognitive function in children. While schistosomiasis has been eradicated from Japan and significantly reduced in parts of China and Egypt, transmission in many other regions remains ongoing due to the wide-spread distribution of the intermediate snail host, poor sanitation, lack of health education and decreasing compliance to mass drug administration. Integrated control has significantly reduced the burden of disease in China but considerable financial capital is needed if similar results are to be duplicated elsewhere. Human vaccination is in various stages of development, and once found, will become an integral part of future control. This comprehensive review examines the epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, clinical management, prevention and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David U Olveda
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Australia
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Hunan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Schistosomiasis on Lake Region, China and Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Australia
| | - Remigio M Olveda
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Philippines
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Australia
| | - Thao N P Chau
- Flinders University, Discipline of Public Health, Australia
| | - Donald A Harn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, USA
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Darren J Gray
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Allen G P Ross
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Australia
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Pang HF, Zhao Q, Hou W, Zhao HZ, Li DM, Wang Y, Qin H. Misdiagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis: An analysis of 65 cases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:1351-1354. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i14.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze the endoscopic and pathological characteristics of intestinal schistosomiasis and to explore the reasons for its misdiagnosis.
METHODS: The medical history, endoscopic findings and pathologic characteristics of 65 patients with intestinal schistosomiasis who underwent colonoscopy from January 2000 to December 2012 at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS: Intestinal schistosomiasis was not initially suggested by clinical and endoscopical diagnosis in all the 65 patients. Of all the misdiagnosed patients, 19 were misdiagnosed with ulcerative colitis, 4 with intestinal tuberculosis, 2 with Crohn's disease, 23 with colonic polyps, and 17 with colonic carcinoma. Of the 40 patients misdiagnosed with colonic polyps or carcinoma, 2 had high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 1 had low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 2 had canalicular adenoma, 1 had villous adenoma, and 1 had tubulovillous adenoma.
CONCLUSION: A thorough inquiry of medical history combined with colonoscopy biopsy of suspected lesions is important for improving the diagnostic accuracy of intestinal schistosomiasis.
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Elbaz T, Esmat G. Hepatic and intestinal schistosomiasis: review. J Adv Res 2013; 4:445-52. [PMID: 25685451 PMCID: PMC4293886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is an endemic disease in Egypt caused by the trematode Schistosoma which has different species. Hepatic schistosomiasis represents the best known form of chronic disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations. The pathogenesis of schistosomiasis is related to the host cellular immune response. This leads to granuloma formation and neo angiogenesis with subsequent periportal fibrosis manifested as portal hypertension, splenomegaly and esophageal varices. Intestinal schistosomiasis is another well identified form of chronic schistosomal affection. Egg deposition and granuloma formation eventually leads to acute then chronic schistosomal colitis and is commonly associated with polyp formation. It frequently presents as abdominal pain, diarrhea, tenesmus and anal pain. Definite diagnosis of schistosomiasis disease depends on microscopy and egg identification. Marked progress regarding serologic diagnosis occurred with development of recent PCR techniques that can confirm schistosomal affection at any stage. Many antischistosomal drugs have been described for treatment, praziquantel being the most safe and efficient drug. Still ongoing studies try to develop effective vaccines with identification of many target antigens. Preventive programs are highly needed to control the disease morbidity and to break the cycle of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Elbaz
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Gamal Esmat
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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45
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Liu W, Zeng HZ, Wang QM, Yi H, Mou Y, Wu CC, Hu B, Tang CW. Schistosomiasis combined with colorectal carcinoma diagnosed based on endoscopic findings and clinicopathological characteristics: a report on 32 cases. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:4839-42. [PMID: 24083755 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.8.4839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND To improve understanding of the relationship between schistosome-related enteropathy and colorectal carcinoma with particular focus on endoscopic findings and clinicopathological characteristics of colonic schistosomiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS All cases of intestinal schistosomiasis diagnosed at West China Hospital, Chengdu, China, between October 2006 and October 2012 were included in this study. A total of 179 cases of colonic schistosomiasis diagnosed through colonoscopy and pathological examinations were collected for analysis and the demographics, symptoms, endoscopic findings and clinicopathological characteristics were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS Of the 179 colonic schistosomiasis patients, 32 combined with colorectal cancer (CRC) were found, between the ages of 44 and 85 years (24 males, 75%). These 32 lesions were classified as 12 endophytic/ulcerative (37.5%), 10 exophytic/fungating (31.2%), 4 annular (12.5%), 3 giant polypus (9.4%), and 3 IIc (superficial depressed type) (9.4%). The segments of rectum and sigmoid colon were involved in 19 patients (59.4%) and 6 patients (18.8%), respectively. The histopathologic types were classified as follows: 30 well- differentiated adenocarcinomas, one mucinous adenocarcinoma and one poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The pathological findings suggest colorectal malignancy with deposited schistosome ova. CONCLUSIONS Chronic schistosomal infestation has a probable etiological role in promoting genesis of colorectal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China E-mail :
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Awadelkarim KD, Mariani-Costantini R, Elwali NE. Cancer in the Sudan: an overview of the current status of knowledge on tumor patterns and risk factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 423:214-28. [PMID: 21071068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Sudan, the largest and most diverse country in Africa, is experiencing a growing cancer problem, but little is presently known on tumor patterns, cancer epidemiology and ethnic or environmental cancer risk factors. We review here the current status of knowledge, summarizing data from local and international publications as well as primary information from the only two cancer hospitals of the country, both located in Central Sudan (Khartoum and Wad Medani). We provide frequencies reported for cancers detected in adults and children, and summarize studies on specific cancer types, as well as information on risk factors that most likely impact on tumor patterns.
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Huang HH, Rigouin C, Williams DL. The redox biology of schistosome parasites and applications for drug development. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18:3595-3611. [PMID: 22607149 PMCID: PMC3638776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma spp. is a serious public health concern, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Praziquantel is the only drug currently administrated to treat this disease. However, praziquantel-resistant parasites have been identified in endemic areas and can be generated in the laboratory. Therefore, it is essential to find new therapeutics. Antioxidants are appealing drug targets. In order to survive in their hosts, schistosomes are challenged by reactive oxygen species from intrinsic and extrinsic sources. Schistosome antioxidant enzymes have been identified as essential proteins and novel drug targets and inhibition of the antioxidant response can lead to parasite death. Because the organization of the redox network in schistosomes is significantly different from that in humans, new drugs are being developed targeting schistosome antioxidants. In this paper the redox biology of schistosomes is discussed and their potential use as drug targets is reviewed. It is hoped that compounds targeting parasite antioxidant responses will become clinically relevant drugs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David L. Williams
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. David L. Williams, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3824 . Phone: (312) 942-1375; Fax: (312) 942-2808
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Abstract
While vaccines are primarily thought of in terms of their use for prevention of infectious diseases, they can potentially be used to prevent or treat cancer. This manuscript explores the rationale for vaccines and immunotherapies for cancer from both the scientific and the global needs perspectives. Pathogens that are aetiologic agents of certain cancers provide perhaps the most obvious successful examples of the prophylactic utility of vaccines (such as the hepatitis B vaccine) to prevent not just the infectious disease (hepatitis), but the potential subsequent cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). The use of monoclonal antibodies illustrates the effectiveness of the immune system for cancer therapy. In addition, the increased understanding of the role and mechanisms of the immune system in the processes of immune surveillance, as well as of its failure during immunosuppression, have yielded better insights into how to design cancer vaccines and immunotherapies. Examples of targets for cancer vaccines will be discussed, as will the challenges and few successes in this arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Liu
- ProTherImmune and Karolinska Institutet, 3656 Happy Valley Road, Lafayette, CA 94549, USA.
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49
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Gastrointestinal neoplasia associated with bowel parasitosis: real or imaginary? J Trop Med 2011; 2011:234254. [PMID: 22174720 PMCID: PMC3235815 DOI: 10.1155/2011/234254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several parasitic species are well known to have carcinogenic properties, namely; Schistosoma hematobium (squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder) and the liver flukes Opisthorchis and Chlonorchis (cholangiocarcinoma). A large number of parasites are known to colonize the gastrointestinal tract. We sought to review the evidence that implicates these parasites in gastrointestinal neoplasia. Schistosoma japonicum, which is endemic primarily in east Asia, has been shown in multiple studies to convey a mildly increased risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma. The data supporting a causative role for Schistosoma mansoni in colorectal or other neoplastic processes are less convincing, limited primarily to small case-control studies and case series. Reports of possible associations between other gastrointestinal parasites (e.g., E. histolytica and A. lumbricoides) and neoplasia may be found in the literature but are limited to individual cases. We conclude that, other than S. japonicum and to a lesser extent S. mansoni, there is little evidence of an association between gastrointestinal parasites and neoplasia.
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Hamed MAA, Ahmed SAA, Khaled HM. Efficiency of diagnostic biomarkers among colonic schistosomiasis Egyptian patients. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2011; 106:322-9. [PMID: 21655820 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762011000300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The schistosomal parasite plays a critical role in the development of malignant lesions in different organs. The pathogenesis of cancer is currently under intense investigation to identify reliable prognostic indices for disease detection. The objective of this paper is to evaluate certain biochemical parameters as diagnostic tools to efficiently differentiate between colonic carcinoma and colonic carcinoma associated with schistosomal infection among Egyptian patients. The parameters under investigation are interleukin 2 (IL-2), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, tissue telomerase, pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities. The results revealed a significant elevation in the level of the tumour markers IL-2, TNF-α and CEA as well as the activities of LDH, telomerase and G-6-PD among non-bilharzial and bilharzial colonic cancer groups, with a more potent effect in bilharzial infection-associated colonic cancer. A significant inhibition in PK activity was recorded in the same manner as compared to normal tissues. The efficacy of this biomarker was also evaluated through detecting sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values. In conclusion, schistosomal colonic carcinoma patients displayed more drastic changes in all parameters under investigation. The combination of the selected parameters succeeded in serving as biomarkers to differentiate between the two malignant types.
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