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Lisboa SF, Niraula A, Resstel LB, Guimaraes FS, Godbout JP, Sheridan JF. Repeated social defeat-induced neuroinflammation, anxiety-like behavior and resistance to fear extinction were attenuated by the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212-2. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1924-1933. [PMID: 29786066 PMCID: PMC6046035 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress contributes to the development of psychiatric disorders. Repeated social defeat (RSD) is a murine stressor that causes a release of inflammatory monocytes into circulation. Moreover, RSD-induced anxiety-like behavior is dependent on the recruitment of these monocytes to the brain. Activation of the endocannabinoid (ECB) system may modulate both neuroendocrine and inflammatory responses mediated by stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that a cannabinoid receptor agonist would attenuate RSD-induced inflammation, anxiety, and stress sensitization. To test this hypothesis, mice received an injection of the synthetic cannabinoid1/2 receptor agonist, WIN55,212-2 (WIN; 1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) daily for six consecutive days, 30 min before each exposure to RSD. Anxiety-like behavior, immune activation, neuroinflammation, and microglial reactivity were determined 14 h after RSD. RSD-induced anxiety-like behavior in the open field and in the EPM was reversed by WIN55,212-2. Moreover, WIN55,212-2 reduced the accumulation of inflammatory monocytes in circulation and brain after RSD and attenuated RSD-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in microglia/macrophages. Increased ex vivo reactivity of microglia/monocytes to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) after RSD was also attenuated by WIN55,212-2. Next, fear expression, extinction, and recall were evaluated 24 and 48 h, respectively, after contextual fear conditioning, which took place 7 days after RSD. Here, RSD caused prolonged fear expression and impaired fear extinction recall, which was associated with increased IL-1β mRNA in the brain. Moreover, these stress-induced effects were reversed by WIN55,212-2. In conclusion, activation of cannabinoid receptors limited the immune and neuroinflammatory responses to RSD and reversed the short-term and long-term behavioral deficits associated with RSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Francesca Lisboa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049900, Brazil. .,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049900, Brazil.
| | - Anzela Niraula
- 0000 0001 2285 7943grid.261331.4Division of Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Leonardo Barbosa Resstel
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049900 Brazil ,0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049900 Brazil
| | - Francisco Silveira Guimaraes
- 0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049900 Brazil ,0000 0004 1937 0722grid.11899.38Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049900 Brazil
| | - Jonathan P. Godbout
- 0000 0001 2285 7943grid.261331.4Division of Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,0000 0001 2285 7943grid.261331.4Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,0000 0001 2285 7943grid.261331.4Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - John F. Sheridan
- 0000 0001 2285 7943grid.261331.4Division of Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,0000 0001 2285 7943grid.261331.4Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA ,0000 0001 2285 7943grid.261331.4Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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Ong L, McDonald KO, Ledgerwood EC. Differentiation and cell density upregulate cytochrome c levels in megakaryoblastic cell lines: Implications for analysis of CYCS-associated thrombocytopenia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190433. [PMID: 29287084 PMCID: PMC5747465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cytochrome c gene (CYCS) cause autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia by an unknown mechanism. While attempting to generate megakaryoblastic cell lines exogenously expressing cytochrome c variants, we discovered that endogenous cytochrome c expression increased both upon induction of differentiation with the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and as cell density increased. A concomitant increase in cytochrome c oxidase subunit II in response to PMA, but not cell higher cell density, suggests upregulation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain may be a specific feature of differentiation. These results highlight the likely importance of cytochrome c in both differentiating and proliferating cells, and illustrate the unsuitability of megakaryoblastic lines for modeling CYCS-associated thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Ong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kirstin O. McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth C. Ledgerwood
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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Zhou ZL, Ma J, Tong MH, Chan BP, Wong AST, Ngan AHW. Nanomechanical measurement of adhesion and migration of leukemia cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:6533-6545. [PMID: 27994457 PMCID: PMC5153271 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s118065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesion and traction behavior of leukemia cells in their microenvironment is directly linked to their migration, which is a prime issue affecting the release of cancer cells from the bone marrow and hence metastasis. In assessing the effectiveness of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment, the conventional batch-cell transwell-migration assay may not indicate the intrinsic effect of the treatment on migration, since the treatment may also affect other cellular behavior, such as proliferation or death. In this study, the pN-level adhesion and traction forces between single leukemia cells and their microenvironment were directly measured using optical tweezers and traction-force microscopy. The effects of PMA on K562 and THP1 leukemia cells were studied, and the results showed that PMA treatment significantly increased cell adhesion with extracellular matrix proteins, bone marrow stromal cells, and human fibroblasts. PMA treatment also significantly increased the traction of THP1 cells on bovine serum albumin proteins, although the effect on K562 cells was insignificant. Western blots showed an increased expression of E-cadherin and vimentin proteins after the leukemia cells were treated with PMA. The study suggests that PMA upregulates adhesion and thus suppresses the migration of both K562 and THP1 cells in their microenvironment. The ability of optical tweezers and traction-force microscopy to measure directly pN-level cell–protein or cell–cell contact was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Alice Sze Tsai Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Jung HW, Park I, Ghil S. Cannabinoid receptor activation inhibits cell cycle progression by modulating 14-3-3β. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2014; 19:347-60. [PMID: 25002257 PMCID: PMC6275927 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-014-0200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids display various pharmacological activities, including tumor regression, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological effects of cannabinoids, we used a yeast two-hybrid system to screen a mouse brain cDNA library for proteins interacting with type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R). Using the intracellular loop 3 of CB1R as bait, we identified 14-3-3β as an interacting partner of CB1R and confirmed their interaction using affinity-binding assays. 14-3-3β has been reported to induce a cell cycle delay at the G2/M phase. We tested the effects of cannabinoids on cell cycle progression in HeLa cells synchronized using a double-thymidine block-and-release protocol and found an increase in the population of G2/M phase cells. We further found that CB1R activation augmented the interaction of 14-3-3β with Wee1 and Cdc25B, and promoted phosphorylation of Cdc2 at Tyr-15. These results suggest that cannabinoids induce cell cycle delay at the G2/M phase by activating 14-3-3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Jung
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 443-760 Republic of Korea
| | - Inae Park
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 443-760 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Ghil
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 443-760 Republic of Korea
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Suárez-Pinilla P, López-Gil J, Crespo-Facorro B. Immune system: a possible nexus between cannabinoids and psychosis. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 40:269-82. [PMID: 24509089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocannabinoid system is involved in the regulation of the brain-immune axis. Cannabis consumption is related with the development, course, and severity of psychosis. The epidemiological evidence for increased occurrence of immunological alterations in patients with psychosis has not been sufficiently addressed. The aim of this review is to establish whether there is any scientific evidence of the influence of cannabinoids on aspects of immunity that affect susceptibility to psychotic disorder induction. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and ISI Web of Knowledge was performed using combinations of key terms distributed into three blocks: "immune", "cannabinoid", and "endocannabinoid receptor". Studies were considered to be eligible for the review if they were original articles, they reported a quantitative or qualitative relation between cannabinoid ligands, their receptors, and immune system, and they were carried out in vitro or in mammals, included humans. All the information was systematically extracted and evaluated. RESULTS We identified 122 articles from 446 references. Overall, endocannabinoids enhanced immune response, whereas exogenous cannabinoids had immunosuppressant effects. A general change in the immune response from Th1 to Th2 was also demonstrated for cannabinoid action. Endogenous and synthetic cannabinoids also modulated microglia function and neurotransmitter secretion. CONCLUSION The actions of cannabinoids through the immune system are quite regular and predictable in the peripheral but remain fuzzy in the central nervous system. Despite this uncertainty, it may be hypothesized that exposure to exocannabinoids, in particular during adolescence might prompt immunological dysfunctions that potentially cause a latent vulnerability to psychosis. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the relationship between the immunological effects of cannabis and psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Suárez-Pinilla
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Madrid, Spain; IDIVAL, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain.
| | - José López-Gil
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Madrid, Spain; IDIVAL, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain
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Lopez-Rodriguez AB, Siopi E, Finn DP, Marchand-Leroux C, Garcia-Segura LM, Jafarian-Tehrani M, Viveros MP. CB1 and CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists Prevent Minocycline-Induced Neuroprotection Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. Cereb Cortex 2013; 25:35-45. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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