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Khan IR, Sadida HQ, Hashem S, Singh M, Macha MA, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS, Khurshid I, Bhat AA. Therapeutic implications of signaling pathways and tumor microenvironment interactions in esophageal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116873. [PMID: 38843587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is significantly influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME) and altered signaling pathways. Downregulating these pathways in EC is essential for suppressing tumor development, preventing metastasis, and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. This approach can increase tumor sensitivity to treatments, enhance patient outcomes, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation and spread. The TME, comprising cellular and non-cellular elements surrounding the tumor, significantly influences EC's development, course, and treatment responsiveness. Understanding the complex relationships within the TME is crucial for developing successful EC treatments. Immunotherapy is a vital TME treatment for EC. However, the heterogeneity within the TME limits the application of anticancer drugs outside clinical settings. Therefore, identifying reliable microenvironmental biomarkers that can detect therapeutic responses before initiating therapy is crucial. Combining approaches focusing on EC signaling pathways with TME can enhance treatment outcomes. This integrated strategy aims to interfere with essential signaling pathways promoting cancer spread while disrupting factors encouraging tumor development. Unraveling aberrant signaling pathways and TME components can lead to more focused and efficient treatment approaches, identifying specific cellular targets for treatments. Targeting the TME and signaling pathways may reduce metastasis risk by interfering with mechanisms facilitating cancer cell invasion and dissemination. In conclusion, this integrative strategy has significant potential for improving patient outcomes and advancing EC research and therapy. This review discusses the altered signaling pathways and TME in EC, focusing on potential future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inamu Rashid Khan
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir 191201, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab), Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir 192122, India
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Ibraq Khurshid
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir 191201, India.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar.
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Chen X, Yu X, Cui Y, Du L, Zhou Q, Xiong W, Li C, Xu C, Wu H. Isoglutaminyl Cyclase Overexpression Enhances KYSE30 Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration via the MAPK Signaling Pathway. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1859-1870. [PMID: 38655723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
To understand how upregulated isoglutaminyl cyclase (isoQC) is involved in the initiation of diseases such as cancer, we developed a human KYSE30 carcinoma cell model in which isoQC was stably overexpressed. GO and KEGG analysis of the DEGs (228) and DEPs (254) respectively implicated isoQC on the proliferation invasion and metastasis of cells and suggested that isoQC might participate in the regulation of MAPK, RAS, circadian rhythm, and related pathways. At the functional level, isoQC-overexpressing KYSE30 cells showed enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion capacity. Next, we decided to study the precise effect of isoQC overexpression on JNK, p-JNK, AKT, p-AKT, ERK, p-ERK, and PER2, as RNA levels of these proteins are significantly correlated with signal levels indicated in RNA-Seq analysis, and these candidates are the top correlated DEPs enriched in RT-qPCR analysis. We saw that only p-ERK expression was inhibited, while PER2 was increased. These phenotypes were inhibited upon exposure to PER2 inhibitor KL044, which allowed for the restoration of p-ERK levels. These data support upregulated isoQC being able to promote cancer cell proliferation and migration in vitro, likely by helping to regulate the MAPK and RAS signaling pathways, and the circadian protein PER2 might be a potential mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xi Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yangqing Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lang Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chenshu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haiqiang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Yang H, Wen L, Zhao C, Li X, Shan C, Liu D, Hong W, Zhou Z, Zhou C, Cai L, Zhou C. EGFR amplification is a putative resistance mechanism for NSCLC–LM patients with TKI therapy and is associated with poor outcome. Front Oncol 2022; 12:902664. [PMID: 35978803 PMCID: PMC9376465 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.902664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) have become increasingly common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who harbor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation treated with EGFR-TKI and are correlated with inferior prognosis. Evidence in prior research demonstrated that EGFR amplification was more likely presented in advanced clinical stages and was associated with worse survival. However, whether EGFR amplification is a prognostic marker in NSCLC–LM is still inconclusive. Methods This study enrolled patients diagnosed with NSCLC–LM from June 2019 to September 2021 and who had received previous EGFR-TKI at Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected and subjected to targeted next-generation sequencing of 168 cancer-related genes. Clinical characteristics and overall survival (OS) were compared in patients with and without EGFR amplification. Results This study enrolled 53 NSCLC–LM patients, all of whom had EGFR mutations. TP53 and EGFR amplifications are the two most frequent mutations in the study cohort, presenting at 72% (38 of 53) and 40% (21 of 53), respectively. The rate of EGFR amplification was much higher at the time of leptomeningeal progression than at initial diagnosis (p < 0.01). Karnoskfy performance status was poorer (p = 0.021), and CSF pressure was higher (p = 0.0067) in patients with EGFR amplification than those without. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that EGFR amplification was an independent prognostic factor for poorer OS (8.3 vs. 15 months; p = 0.017). The median OS was shorter in NSCLC–LM patients with mutated TP53 than those with wild-type TP53, but the difference was not statistically significant (10 vs. 17.3 months, p = 0.184). Conclusions EGFR gene amplification could be a potential resistance mechanism to EGFR-TKI failure in NSCLC–LM and is associated with inferior clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changguo Shan
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Hong
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linbo Cai
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Linbo Cai, ; Caicun Zhou,
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Thoracic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Linbo Cai, ; Caicun Zhou,
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Meng L. Comparative genomic analysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma: New opportunities towards molecularly targeted therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1054-1067. [PMID: 35530133 PMCID: PMC9069403 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide because of its rapid progression and poor prognosis. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are two major subtypes of esophageal cancer. ESCC predominantly affects African and Asian populations, which is closely related to chronic smoking and alcohol consumption. EAC typically arises in Barrett's esophagus with a predilection for Western countries. While surgical operation and chemoradiotherapy have been applied to combat this deadly cancer, molecularly targeted therapy is still at the early stages. With the development of large-scale next-generation sequencing, various genomic alterations in ESCC and EAC have been revealed and their potential roles in the initiation and progression of esophageal cancer have been studied. Potential therapeutic targets have been identified and novel approaches have been developed to combat esophageal cancer. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the genomic alterations in EAC and ESCC and summarize the potential role of the genetic alterations in the development of esophageal cancer. Progresses in the therapeutics based on the different tissue types and molecular signatures have also been reviewed and discussed.
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PTK7, a Catalytically Inactive Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Increases Oncogenic Phenotypes in Xenograft Tumors of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma KYSE-30 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042391. [PMID: 35216506 PMCID: PMC8876147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), a catalytically defective receptor protein tyrosine kinase, is upregulated in tumor tissues and cell lines of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We showed that PTK7 plays an oncogenic role in various ESCC cell lines. However, its role as an oncogene has not been demonstrated in vivo. Here, we examined the influence of PTK7 on the tumorigenic potential of ESCC KYSE-30 cells, which are known to establish xenograft tumors. Overexpression of PTK7 enhanced the proliferation, adhesion, wound healing, and migration of KYSE-30 cells, and these effects were reversed by the knockdown of PTK7. PTK7 overexpression and knockdown, respectively, increased and decreased the tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins and the phosphorylation of ERK, AKT, and FAK, which are important for cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, and migration. Additionally, PTK7 overexpression and silencing, respectively, increased and decreased the weight, volume, and number of Ki-67-positive proliferating cells in xenograft tumors of KYSE-30 cells. Therefore, we propose that PTK7 plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of ESCC cells in vivo and is a potential therapeutic target for ESCC.
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He S, Xu J, Liu X, Zhen Y. Advances and challenges in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3379-3392. [PMID: 34900524 PMCID: PMC8642427 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common cancers with high morbidity and mortality rates. EC includes two histological subtypes, namely esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). ESCC primarily occurs in East Asia, whereas EAC occurs in Western countries. The currently available treatment strategies for EC include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, molecular targeted therapy, and combinations thereof. However, the prognosis remains poor, and the overall five-year survival rate is very low. Therefore, achieving the goal of effective treatment remains challenging. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy for EC, and comprehensively analyze the application prospects and existing problems of immunotherapy. Collectively, this review aims to provide a better understanding of the currently available drugs through in-depth analysis, promote the development of new therapeutic agents, and eventually improve the treatment outcomes of patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming He
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiujun Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yongsu Zhen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Hou S, Pan Z, Hao X, Hang Q, Ding Y. Recent Progress in the Neoadjuvant Treatment Strategy for Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5162. [PMID: 34680311 PMCID: PMC8533976 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant therapies, primarily chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy, are able to improve the overall survival (OS) in patients with locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer (EC) based on the results of several randomized clinical trials. The advantage of neoadjuvant therapy is chiefly attributed to the decreased risk of local-regional recurrence and distant metastasis. Thus, it has been recommended as standard treatment for patients with resectable EC. However, several fundamental problems remain. First, the combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT), neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), and surgery for EC patients with different histological types remain controversial. Furthermore, to reduce the toxicity of preoperative chemotherapy and the risk of complications caused by preoperative radiation therapy, the treatment protocols of nCT and nCRT still need to be investigated and optimized by prospective trials. Moreover, for patients with complete clinical response following neoadjuvant therapy, it is worth ascertaining whether a "watch and wait" surveillance plus surgery-as-needed policy is more favorable, as well as, in addition to preoperative chemoradiotherapy, whether immunotherapy, especially when combined with the traditional neoadjuvant therapy regimens, brings new prospects for EC treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent insights into the research progress and existing problems of neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced resectable EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China;
| | - Ziyin Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; (Z.P.); (X.H.)
| | - Xin Hao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; (Z.P.); (X.H.)
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanbing Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China;
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Mofid MR, Gheysarzadeh A, Bakhtiyari S. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 chemosensitizes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through its death receptor. Pancreatology 2020; 20:1442-1450. [PMID: 32830034 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.07.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal human malignancies. Gemcitabine and doxorubicin are commonly used as the chemotherapy agents, but most of PDAC tumors eventually acquired resistance to chemotherapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) plays a key role against tumor growth but its expression has commonly suppressed. The present study was designed to evaluate IGFBP-3 effects in chemotherapy sensitization of PDAC cells. Here, we report that the re-sensitization of chemoresistant PDAC cells was occurred by IGFBP-3 through recruitment of its death receptor (IGFBP-3R). Using gemcitabine, doxorubicin-resistant PDAC cell lines, we found that IGFBP-3 sensitized chemoresistant cells by activating apoptosis (as evaluated by Bax up-regulation, Bcl-2 down-regulation as well as Caspase-3 and Caspase 8 activation). IGFBP-3R was also found to have higher expression level in resistant AsPc-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells in comparison to parental cells. IGFBP-3R was also highly expressed in PDAC tumor which exposed to chemotherapy in comparison to un-treated PDAC tumors. In addition, we confirmed our finding by using specific siRNA to knocking down of IGFBP-3R which prevents IGFBP-3 Chemosensitization. Taken together, the present study for the first time indicates the clinical relevance for combining IGFBP-3 with chemotherapy to reduce chemoresistance in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mofid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Gheysarzadeh
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Salar Bakhtiyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Poreba E, Durzynska J. Nuclear localization and actions of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) system components: Transcriptional regulation and DNA damage response. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 784:108307. [PMID: 32430099 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system stimulates growth, proliferation, and regulates differentiation of cells in a tissue-specific manner. It is composed of two insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2), six insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and two insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGF-1R and IGF-2R). IGF actions take place mostly through the activation of the plasma membrane-bound IGF-Rs by the circulating ligands (IGFs) released from the IGFBPs that stabilize their levels in the serum. This review focuses on the IGF-1 part of the system. The IGF-1 gene, which is expressed mainly in the liver as well as in other tissues, comprises six alternatively spliced exons that code for three protein isoforms (pro-IGF-1A, pro-IGF-1B, and pro-IGF-1C), which are processed to mature IGF-1 and E-peptides. The IGF-1R undergoes autophosphorylation, resulting in a signaling cascade involving numerous cytoplasmic proteins such as AKT and MAPKs, which regulate the expression of target genes. However, a more complex picture of the axis has recently emerged with all its components being translocated to the nuclear compartment. IGF-1R takes part in the regulation of gene expression by forming transcription complexes, modifying the activity of chromatin remodeling proteins, and participating in DNA damage tolerance mechanisms. Four IGFBPs contain a nuclear localization signal (NLS), which targets them to the nucleus, where they regulate gene expression (IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5, IGFBP-6) and DNA damage repair (IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-6). Last but not least, the IGF-1B isoform has been reported to be localized in the nuclear compartment. However, no specific molecular actions have been assigned to the nuclear pro-IGF-1B or its derivative EB peptide. Therefore, further studies are needed to shed light on their nuclear activity. These recently uncovered nuclear actions of different components of the IGF-1 axis are relevant in cancer cell biology and are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Poreba
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Julia Durzynska
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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Yu Y, Guan H, Jiang L, Li X, Xing L, Sun X. Nimotuzumab, an EGFR‑targeted antibody, promotes radiosensitivity of recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:945-956. [PMID: 32319582 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Local tumor recurrence is one of the main causes for the failure of esophageal cancer treatment following radiotherapy. Previous studies have demonstrated that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‑targeted therapy combined with radiotherapy is expected to become an effective means to control tumor recurrence. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of nimotuzumab (an EGFR‑targeted antibody) in the treatment of recurrent esophageal carcinoma. The radiation responses of two esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines, EC109 and TE‑1, with or without nimotuzumab, were first evaluated by CCK‑8 assay. Colony formation and apoptosis were used to measure anti‑proliferation effects. It was demonstrated that nimotuzumab arrested the cell cycle at the G2 phase in vitro. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis were used to determine signaling pathway changes. It was observed that nimotuzumab inhibited phosphorylation of EGFR in EC109 cells. Furthermore, recurrent tumor models were established and it was identified that the degree of tumor hypoxia was positively associated with EGFR overexpression. In EC109 cell xenografts, nimotuzumab combined with radiation led to a significant delay in recurrent tumor growth compared with that of radiation alone (P<0.001 for 0 Gy pre‑irradiation, P=0.005 for 20 Gy pre‑irradiation, P=0.005 for 10 Gy pre‑irradiation). These results suggest that nimotuzumab combined with radiation may be an effective means to control recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with EGFR overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Hui Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Liyang Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
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Abdelwahed A, Ahmed M. Rare epithelial breast cancer: surgery and adjuvant therapy. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:S479-S492. [PMID: 35117126 PMCID: PMC8797705 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.05.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogenous disease, exhibiting a wide range of morphological phenotypes shaping its prognosis and clinical course. However, optimal management of rarer breast cancer subtypes is often undefined and controversial in literature due to the lack of large studies and randomised trials. This review aims to discuss the treatment of 13 rare epithelial subtypes, focussing on surgery and adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muneer Ahmed
- King's College London, Division of Cancer, Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
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12
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Qi S, Mao Y, Jiang M. A phase I study evaluating combined nimotuzumab and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery in locally advanced esophageal cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:1115-1123. [PMID: 31502113 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03944-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined nimotuzumab and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery in locally advanced esophageal cancer. METHODS Patients with clinically resectable, locally advanced esophageal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus nimotuzumab were eligible for study participation. Radiotherapy was administered in 1.8 Gy once daily for 5 days per week up to a total dose of 41.4 Gy. Weekly nimotuzumab (200 mg/week) was administered following paclitaxel and carboplatin on the same day for 5 weeks. The primary end-point was the pathological complete response (pCR) rate and the secondary end-point was the safety, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 64 patients with a median age of 58 years were enrolled in this study. pCR was observed in 51.6% patients. Grade 3 acute toxicities were observed in 6 patients (9.4%), shown as bone marrow suppression. 7 patients experienced grade 1 transient skin rash during nimotuzumab treatment. The median PFS time and OS time were 64.6 and 68.2 months. CONCLUSIONS Combined nimotuzumab and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for clinically resectable, locally advanced esophageal cancer showed a significant anticancer effect with tolerable toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saichun Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital, 251 Baizhang East Road, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital, 251 Baizhang East Road, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingjun Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital, 251 Baizhang East Road, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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13
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Wang X, An D, Liu X, Wang X, Li B. MicroRNA-27a downregulates the expression of Hsp90 and enhances the radiosensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5967-5977. [PMID: 31413593 PMCID: PMC6661375 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s197456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) possess diverse cellular regulatory roles in radiation responses. In this study, we aimed to identify the role of miR-27a in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) radiosensitivity by exploring the relationship between miR-27a and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Materials and methods We performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to detect miR-27a expression in the plasma of ESCC patients and healthy volunteers. The expression of Hsp90 and its key client proteins associated with radioresistance were analyzed by Western blotting. Then, the effects of miR-27a on proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and radiosensitivity in ESCC cell lines were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and clonogenic survival assay. We also generated subcutaneous tumors to explore whether miR-27a enhanced radiosensitivity in vivo. Results In our current study, we found that miR-27a expression was downregulated in the plasma of ESCC patients compared with that of healthy volunteers. Overexpression of miR-27a in ESCC cell lines caused a reduction of Hsp90 mRNA and protein. We also demonstrated that upregulation of miR-27a induced degradation of Hsp90 key client proteins associated with radioresistance. In related functional experiments, miR-27a significantly inhibited growth, increased radiation-induced apoptosis, induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and enhanced ESCC radiosensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion From these findings, we concluded that miR-27a may contribute to radiosensitivity by modulating Hsp90 expression. Moreover, miR-27a-based therapy utilized to target Hsp90 could be contemplated as a compelling alternative for sensitize ESCC to radiotherapy with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianzheng An
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- University of Jinan, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Hiser Medical Center, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Baosheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Huang F, Liang X, Min X, Zhang Y, Wang G, Peng Z, Peng F, Li M, Chen L, Chen Y. Simultaneous Inhibition of EGFR and HER2 via Afatinib Augments the Radiosensitivity of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. J Cancer 2019; 10:2063-2073. [PMID: 31205567 PMCID: PMC6548161 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is the central component of the therapeutic scheme for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) at present. Previous studies show that inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) enhances the radiosensitivity of NPC; however the effects of EGFR-targeted agents are limited. In this study, we observed that simultaneously inhibition of EGFR and HER2 by afatinib could augment the radiosensitivity of NPC cells; this approach has an advantage over erlotinib-mediated inhibition of EGFR alone. The afatinib-induced augmentation of NPC cell radiosensitivity was associated with increases in apoptosis and accumulation of DNA damage that were induced by radiation. In addition, the crosstalk between radiation-induced activities and EGFR-, and HER2-related downstream pathways may contribute to the enhancement of radiosensitivity. Our findings indicate the potential of repositioning afatinib or other ERBB-family-targeted agents for improving radiation response in NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xujun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiaoli Min
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengrong Peng
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Maoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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15
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Jing W, Yan W, Liu Y, Li J, Yu J, Zhu H. Slight advantages of nimotuzumab versus cetuximab plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:1121-1126. [PMID: 30983494 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1598760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the efficacy of nimotuzumab (Nimo) versus cetuximab (C225) plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC). A total of 95 patients with LA-ESCC were retrospectively reviewed, including 65 in Nimo and 30 in C225. The results showed that the ORR in Nimo (61.0%; CR 22.0%, 13/59; PR 39.0% 23/59) was slightly higher than that in C225 (43.5%; CR 8.7%, 2/23; PR 34.8%, 8/23) but without significant difference (p = 0.81). The DCR was 79.7% vs. 73.9% in C225, favoring Nimo plus CCRT (p = 0.04). The median PFS in Nimo was significantly longer than that in C225 (19.6 months vs. 13.0 months, p = 0.02). The median OS of the whole cohort, the Nimo group and the C225 group were 21.3, 24.5, and 20.9 months, respectively. The rates of OS at 1-, 3-year in Nimo were 77.7% and 33.5%, compared to 73.3% and 20.0% in C225 (HR = 1.17, p = 0.23). Grade 3 or worse hematological toxicity and non-hematological toxicity (radiation esophagitis) in Nimo were similar with that in C225 (21.5% vs. 26.7%, p = 0.91; 26.1% vs. 26.7%, p = 0.56). No grade ≥3 radiation pneumonitis occurred neither Nimo group nor C225 group. Nimo plus CCRT improved DCR and PFS of patients with LA-ESCC and had a tendency of prolonged survival compared to C225 plus CCRT. Our results suggest that the combination of Nimo and CCRT may be a reasonable option in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jing
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China.,b Department of Radiation Oncology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan Province , China
| | - Weiwei Yan
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China.,c Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan , Shandong Province , China
| | - Yuguo Liu
- d Department of Pharmacy , Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China
| | - Ji Li
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China.,c Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan , Shandong Province , China
| | - Jinming Yu
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China.,c Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan , Shandong Province , China
| | - Hui Zhu
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China.,c Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan , Shandong Province , China
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16
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Li J, Wang L, Qiu Z, Su Y. Time profile of nimotuzumab for enhancing radiosensitivity of the Eca109 cell line. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2763-2769. [PMID: 30854050 PMCID: PMC6365957 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of Nimotuzumab to increase radiosensitivity at different delivery times in the mixed cancer cell line Eca109, to determine the optimal delivery time. Cultured Eca109 cells were classified into five groups: Control with no treatment (O group); irradiation without Nimotuzumab treatment (R group); treatment with Nimotuzumab 24 h prior to or after irradiation (24NR or 24RN group, respectively); and Nimotuzumab combined with irradiation simultaneously (NR group). Following cells reaching the logarithmic-growth phase, cell survival after exposure to Nimotuzumab was evaluated using an MTT assay; thereafter, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the cell line was calculated. Cell-survival curves were generated using a colony-forming assay. Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect apoptosis rates and cell-cycle distribution. The expression level of epidermal growth factor receptor was measured in Eca109 cells with western blotting. Growth inhibition was only observed 72 h after exposure to Nimotuzumab. The IC50 was 768 µg/ml. At a dose of 0.2 IC50 or 0.3 IC50, the sensitization enhancement ratio of radiosensitivity was highest in the 24NR group. Nimotuzumab enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis in Eca109 cells, with the optimal delivery time at 24 h prior to irradiation (P=0.035). The concentration of Nimotuzumab administered was directly proportional to the increase in radiosensitivity of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Zidan Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
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17
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de Castro Junior G, Segalla JG, de Azevedo SJ, Andrade CJ, Grabarz D, de Araújo Lima França B, Del Giglio A, Lazaretti NS, Álvares MN, Pedrini JL, Kussumoto C, de Matos Neto JN, Forones NM, Fernandes Júnior HJ, Borges G, Girotto G, da Silva IDCG, Maluf-Filho F, Skare NG. A randomised phase II study of chemoradiotherapy with or without nimotuzumab in locally advanced oesophageal cancer: NICE trial. Eur J Cancer 2018; 88:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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18
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Liu ZG, Zhao Y, Tang J, Zhou YJ, Yang WJ, Qiu YF, Wang H. Nimotuzumab combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:24429-35. [PMID: 27016412 PMCID: PMC5029712 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nimotuzumab is a blocking monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, little is known about the safety and preliminary efficacy of nimotuzumab combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced NPC patients. A total of 42 patients diagnosed between 2011 and 2013 were enrolled. Our results demonstrated 38 patients had a complete response (90.5%), 4 patients had a partial response (9.5%). And no patients had progressive disease at early treatment response evaluation, giving an ORR of 100%. The 2-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS) were 96.4%, 93.1% and 96.6% respectively. The most common adverse events were mucositis (19 patients), hematology toxicity (14 patients) with 6 and 3 cases of grade 3/4 toxicity respectively. Skin rash was not developed in our 43 patients. Thus, nimotuzumab combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy showed encouraging outcomes in the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, without accumulation of toxicity and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Juan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan-Fang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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19
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Kang L, Zheng J, Zhu X. [Relationship between EGFR Mutations and Pathological Classification and
Specimen of Lung Adenocarcinoma]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2017. [PMID: 28641695 PMCID: PMC5973361 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2017.06.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
背景与目的 随着基因突变技术及靶向药物治疗如火如荼的开展,对肺腺癌的精准治疗越来越受到关注,目前肺腺癌中研究最多的是表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)。对于EGFR突变和病理分型的关系在不同标本中是否一致,目前不甚明了。本研究比较肺腺癌活检标本和手术切除标本中EGFR基因突变与病理分型的关系是否一致,探讨EGFR基因突变与肺腺癌病理分型的关系以及标本类型对EGFR基因检测的影响。 方法 收集肺腺癌手术切除标本(楔形肺切除、肺叶切除标本)163例,肺腺癌活检[粘膜活检、肺穿刺、支气管内超声引导针吸活检术(endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration, EBUS-TBNA)标本]173例,按照2015年世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)肺腺癌分型标准对其主要组织学分型确认(贴壁型、腺泡型、乳头型、微乳头型、实体型),行EGFR基因检测[基因测序法及突变扩增阻滞系统(amplification refractory mutation system, ARMS)]。分别对活检标本和手术切除标本进行统计。 结果 163例的肺腺癌手术切除标本中,102例EGFR基因突变,突变率为62.58%,173例的活检标本中,114例EGFR基因突变,突变率为65.9%。两组标本中EGFR突变率没有统计学差异(P > 0.05)。两组标本中女性的EGFR突变率均明显高于男性(P < 0.05)。手术切除标本中60岁以上患者的EGFR突变率明显低于60岁以下(P < 0.05),而活检标本中EGFR突变与年龄无关(P > 0.05)。在EGFR突变的两组标本中病理分型构成比不同(χ2=8.040, P < 0.05)。手术切除标本肺腺癌中EGFR突变的102例中,腺泡型占54.9%(56例),贴壁型占23.53%(24例),乳头型占17.65%(18例),实体型占3.9%(4例),其中腺泡型所占比例最高,其次是贴壁型和乳头型,实体型则比例最少。19、21外显子单独突变最多,21外显子突变在贴壁型较其他两型高(P < 0.05),19外显子突变在乳头型较贴壁型高(P < 0.05)。腺泡型和乳头型比较,19、21外显子突变无统计学意义。活检标本肺腺癌中EGFR突变的114例中腺泡型占48.25%(55例),贴壁型占26.32%(30例),乳头型占11.4%(13例),微乳头型占4.39%(5例),实体型占9.65%(11例)。腺泡型所占比例最高,其次是贴壁型,乳头状、微乳头状和实体型最少。同样是19、21外显子单独突变最多,但不同病理分型中,19、21外显子突变均无显著差异(P > 0.05)。 结论 肺腺癌中手术切除标本和活检标本EGFR突变率没有差异,且突变与性别有关,均为女性突变率高于男性。手术切除标本中EGFR突变与年龄有关,年龄越大突变率越低,而在活检标本中则与年龄无关。两组标本的病理分型构成比不同。19、21外显子单独突变最多。手术切除标本中EGFR突变类型与主要病理分型有关,21外显子单独突变中贴壁型最多,19外显子单独突变中乳头型最多。EGFR突变活检标本中,19、21外显子单独突变与主要病理分型无明显相关。
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Kang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;Department of Pathology, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050041, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Yan J, Yang X, Li L, Liu P, Wu H, Liu Z, Li Q, Liao G, Wang X. Low expression levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 are correlated with poor prognosis for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3395-3402. [PMID: 28521445 PMCID: PMC5431398 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) has previously been identified as a putative tumor suppressor gene. The present study investigated the clinical and prognostic significance of IGFBP-3 expression levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) probing for IGFBP-3 was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue samples obtained from 120 patients with HCC, including tissue samples from 120 primary cancer sites and 50 matched adjacent non-malignant sites. Receiver-operator curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine the cut-off scores for the presence of IGFBP-3-positive tumor cells and to estimate the survival time of the patients. The threshold for marking the positive expression of IGFBP-3 was 65%, based on the area under the ROC. Positive expression of IGFBP-3 was observed in 65/120 (54.2%) of the HCC tissues, and in 36/50 (72%) of the adjacent non-malignant liver tissues. Low levels of IGFBP-3 expression were correlated with tumor size (P=0.003), tumor multiplicity (P=0.044), node (P=0.008), metastasis (P=0.001) and clinical stage (P=0.001), as well as reduced survival time (P=0.015). Using univariate survival analysis, a significant direct correlation between high and low IGFBP-3 expression levels, and patient survival time (mean survival time high IGFBP-3, 39.4 vs. low IGFBP-3, 18.7 months) was identified. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that IGFBP-3 expression levels and patients survival time were significantly correlated (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed IGFBP-3 expression to be an independent parameter (P=0.003). Therefore, low levels of IGFBP-3 expression are associated with advance clinicopathological classification and may be a predictor of poor survival in patients with HCC. Furthermore, these findings suggest that IGFBP-3 may serve as an independent molecular marker for the evaluation of prognosis in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710309, P.R. China
| | - Xinzheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710309, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Scientific Research, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710309, P.R. China
| | - Pengtao Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710309, P.R. China
| | - Honghui Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710309, P.R. China
| | - Zhanao Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710309, P.R. China
| | - Qingyi Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710309, P.R. China
| | - Guozhen Liao
- Department of Scientific Research, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710309, P.R. China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Department of Scientific Research, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710309, P.R. China
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Abstract
An increasing number of patients are diagnosed with esophageal cancer at an advanced stages, and only a small group of them can benefit from the traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. So far, multiple monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed, alone or in combination with traditional therapy, to improve the prognosis of patients with advanced esophageal cancer. This review summarizes the recent advances of targeted therapies against EGFR, HER2, VEGFR and c-MET in esophageal cancer. More clinical trials should be performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various targeted therapy regimens. Future basic research should focus on investigating the molecular mechanisms of therapeutic targets in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- a Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China.,b Department of General Surgery , NO. 406 Hospital, Da Lian , China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- a Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yu Han
- c Department of Otolaryngology , Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jinqiang Liu
- a Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Wei Zhou
- a Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Liu Hong
- a Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Daiming Fan
- a Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
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Effect of postoperative radiotherapy for squamous cell cancer of the breast in a surveillance epidemiology and end results population-based study. Oncotarget 2016; 7:10684-93. [PMID: 26863453 PMCID: PMC4891151 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic value of postoperative radiotherapy (RT) for squamous cell cancer of the breast (SCCB) is unclear. This retrospective study used a population-based national registry to determine the impact of postoperative RT on survival of women with SCCB. The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify females with SCCB who underwent primary surgical resection from 1973 to 2012. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression proportional hazard methods were used to determine the impact of RT following resection associated with cause-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). A total of 523 patients met the eligibility criteria. The median follow-up time was 55 months, the 10-year CSS and OS rates were 65.6%, and 46.0%, respectively. A total of 167 patients (31.9%) received postoperative RT. Multivariate analysis indicated that advanced pT and pN stage, and no postoperative RT were independently associated with poor OS; advanced pT and pN stage were independently associated with poor CSS. Postoperative RT was significantly associated with improved 10-year OS (54.5% vs. 42.0%, P =.001), but had no effect on CSS (P =.217). Analysis of patients with different stages of SCCB indicated that RT was associated with improved CSS (P =.047) and OS (P <.001) in those with stage II cancer and improved OS in patients with stage pN0 cancer (P <.001). Postoperative RT improved the survival of SCCB patients, especially in those with stage II and stage pN0 cancer.
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Nimotuzumab increases the anti-tumor effect of photodynamic therapy in an oral tumor model. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13487-505. [PMID: 25918252 PMCID: PMC4537029 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents 90% of all oral cancers and is characterized with poor prognosis and low survival rate. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in oral cancer and is a target for cancer therapy and prevention. In this present work, we evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with an EGFR inhibitor, nimotuzumab in oral cancer cell lines and OSCC xenograft tumor model. PDT is a promising and minimally invasive treatment modality that involves the interaction of a photosensitizer, molecular oxygen and light to destroy tumors. We demonstrated that EGFR inhibitors nimotuzumab and cetuximab exhibits anti-angiogenic properties by inhibiting the migration and invasion of oral cancer cell lines and human endothelial cells. The EGFR inhibitors also significantly reduced tube formation of endothelial cells. Chlorin e6-PDT in combination with nimotuzumab and cetuximab reduced cell proliferation in different oral cancer and endothelial cells. Furthermore, our in vivo studies showed that the combination therapy of PDT and nimotuzumab synergistically delayed tumor growth when compared with control and PDT treated tumors. Downregulation of EGFR, Ki-67 and CD31 was observed in the tumors treated with combination therapy. Analysis of the liver and kidney function markers showed no treatment related toxicity. In conclusion, PDT outcome of oral cancer can be improved when combined with EGFR inhibitor nimotuzumab.
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Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 is a new predictor of radiosensitivity on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17336. [PMID: 26670461 PMCID: PMC4680797 DOI: 10.1038/srep17336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) plays an essential role in radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Here, we observed that IGFBP-3 had favorable impact on the tumorigenicity of ESCC cells in nude mice by using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS) to monitor tumor growth treated with ionizing radiation (IR). Downregulation of IGFBP-3 expression enhanced tumor growth, inhibited anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity and result in IR resistance in vivo. Cell cycle antibody array suggested that silencing IGFBP-3 promoted transition from G0/G1 to S phase, perhaps though influencing Smad3 dephosphorylation and retinoblastoma protein (Rb) phosphorylation. Downregulation of P21 and P27, and upregulation of p-P27 (phospho-Thr187), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and cyclin E1 might contribute to the G0/G1 to S phase transition promoted by IGFBP-3. Our results suggest that Smad3-P27/P21-cyclin E1/CDK2-phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein pathways might be involved in this IGFBP-3 mediated radiosensitivity transition in ESCC.
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Kashyap MK. Role of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in the pathophysiology and tumorigenesis of gastroesophageal cancers. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8247-57. [PMID: 26369544 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin family of proteins include insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) that are classified into two groups based on their differential affinities to IGFs: IGF high-affinity binding proteins (IGFBP1-6) and IGF low-affinity IGFBP-related proteins (IGFBP-rP1-10). IGFBPs interact with many proteins, including their canonical ligands insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) and IGF-II. Together with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) receptor (IGF1R), IGF2R, and ligands (IGF1 and IGF2), IGFBPs participate in a complex signaling axis called IGF-IGFR-IGFBP. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the IGF-IGFR-IGFBP axis is relevant in gastrointestinal (GI) and other cancers. The presence of different IGFBPs have been reported in gastrointestinal cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAD or EAC), and gastric adenocarcinoma (GAD or GAC). A literature-based survey clearly indicates that an urgent need exists for a focused review of the role of IGFBPs in gastrointestinal cancers. The aim of this review is to present the biochemical and molecular characteristics of IGFBPs with an emphasis specifically on the role of these proteins in the pathophysiology and tumorigenesis of gastroesophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Kashyap
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Science Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0820, USA.
- Department of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Baxter RC. Nuclear actions of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3. Gene 2015; 569:7-13. [PMID: 26074086 PMCID: PMC4496269 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its actions outside the cell, cellular uptake and nuclear import of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) has been recognized for almost two decades, but knowledge of its nuclear actions has been slow to emerge. IGFBP-3 has a functional nuclear localization signal and interacts with the nuclear transport protein importin-β. Within the nucleus IGFBP-3 appears to have a role in transcriptional regulation. It can bind to the nuclear receptor, retinoid X receptor-α and several of its dimerization partners, including retinoic acid receptor, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). These interactions modulate the functions of these receptors, for example inhibiting VDR-dependent transcription in osteoblasts and PPARγ-dependent transcription in adipocytes. Nuclear IGFBP-3 can be detected by immunohistochemistry in cancer and other tissues, and its presence in the nucleus has been shown in many cell culture studies to be necessary for its pro-apoptotic effect, which may also involve interaction with the nuclear receptor Nur77, and export from the nucleus. IGFBP-3 is p53-inducible and in response to DNA damage, forms a complex with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), translocating to the nucleus to interact with DNA-dependent protein kinase. Inhibition of EGFR kinase activity or downregulation of IGFBP-3 can inhibit DNA double strand-break repair by nonhomologous end joining. IGFBP-3 thus has the ability to influence many cell functions through its interactions with intranuclear pathways, but the importance of these interactions in vivo, and their potential to be targeted for therapeutic benefit, require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Baxter
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Level 8, Kolling Building, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Zhao L, Chi F, Xi M, Shen JX, Li QQ, He LR, Liu SL, Liu MZ. Polymorphisms of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 as a predictor for risk and patient survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 74:148-52. [PMID: 26349977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) play a critical role in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) gene polymorphisms and ESCC patients risk and survival after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS We undertook a case-control study to analyze two IGFBP-3 polymorphisms (rs2854744 A>C and rs2854746 G>C) in an Han Chinese population, by extraction of genomic DNA from the peripheral blood of 110 ESCC patients treated with CRT and 128 control participants, and performed IGFBP-3 genotyping using DNA sequencing. RESULTS The obtained results indicated that overall, no statistically significant association was observed in rs2854746 G>C. However, rs2854744 A>C genotype was at increased risk of ESCCs (P=0.032; odds ratio (OR)=1.201, CI 95%:1.014-1.423). Moreover, rs2854744 A>C genotype ESCCs were more significantly common in patients with tumor size of >6cm than A allele ESCC and in cases of lower T stage. Furthermore, ESCC patients with rs2854744CC genotype have the poorer CRT response and shorter survival time than GG+GC genotype ESCC. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, polymorphism in IGFBP-3 rs2854744 A>C might be a potential predictor of ESCC risk and patient survival. Nevertheless, further investigation with a larger sample size is needed to support our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian Xi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Xian Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Medical Imaging and Interventional Center, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ru He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Liang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Zhong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Pernía O, Belda-Iniesta C, Pulido V, Cortes-Sempere M, Rodriguez C, Vera O, Soto J, Jiménez J, Taus A, Rojo F, Arriola E, Rovira A, Albanell J, Macías MT, de Castro J, Perona R, Ibañez de Caceres I. Methylation status of IGFBP-3 as a useful clinical tool for deciding on a concomitant radiotherapy. Epigenetics 2015; 9:1446-53. [PMID: 25482372 PMCID: PMC4622698 DOI: 10.4161/15592294.2014.971626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The methylation status of the IGFBP-3 gene is strongly associated with cisplatin sensitivity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we found in vitro evidence that linked the presence of an unmethylated promoter with poor response to radiation. Our data also indicate that radiation might sensitize chemotherapy-resistant cells by reactivating IGFBP-3-expression through promoter demethylation, inactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway. We also explored the IGFBP-3 methylation effect on overall survival (OS) in a population of 40 NSCLC patients who received adjuvant therapy after R0 surgery. Our results indicate that patients harboring an unmethylated promoter could benefit more from a chemotherapy schedule alone than from a multimodality therapy involving radiotherapy and platinum-based treatments, increasing their OS by 2.5 y (p = .03). Our findings discard this epi-marker as a prognostic factor in a patient population without adjuvant therapy, indicating that radiotherapy does not improve survival for patients harboring an unmethylated IGFBP-3 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pernía
- a Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM ; University Hospital La Paz ; Madrid , Spain
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Lin G, Sun XJ, Han QB, Wang Z, Xu YP, Gu JL, Wu W, Zhang GU, Hu JL, Sun WY, Mao WM. Epidermal growth factor receptor protein overexpression and gene amplification are associated with aggressive biological behaviors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:901-906. [PMID: 26622592 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), including overexpression or gene mutations, contribute to the malignant transformation of human epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to assess EGFR overexpression or gene amplification in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue samples and investigate their correlations with biological behaviors. Tissue specimens from 56 patients with surgically resected ESCC were obtained for immunohistochemical analysis of EGFR expression and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of EGFR amplification. The data were statistically analyzed to determine the associations with patient clinicopathological and survival data. EGFR was overexpressed in 30 of the 56 (53.6%) ESCC samples and was associated with poor tumor differentiation (P=0.047). EGFR amplification was detected in 13 cases (23.2%) and was associated with advanced pathological stage (P=0.042) and tumor lymph node metastasis (P=0.002). The univariate analysis identified no association between EGFR overexpression and the overall survival (OS) of the patients. By contrast, EGFR amplification predicted ESCC prognosis (P=0.031), while the multivariate analysis revealed a marginal statistical significance for the association between EGFR amplification and OS (P=0.056). EGFR overexpression and increased EGFR copy number were common events in ESCC and contributed to malignant biological behaviors, including tumor dedifferentiation and lymph node metastasis. EGFR amplification may therefore be useful in predicting OS in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Lin
- First Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Bo Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Zhun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ping Xu
- First Clinical Medical School, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Lei Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - G U Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Lin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yong Sun
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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Liu H, Yang W, Gao H, Jiang T, Gu B, Dong Q, Xu W, Wu S, Sun X. Nimotuzumab abrogates acquired radioresistance of KYSE-150R esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting EGFR signaling and cellular DNA repair. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:509-18. [PMID: 25750543 PMCID: PMC4348136 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s76958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acquired radioresistance of cancer is common after repeated irradiation and often leads to treatment failure. This study aimed to examine the effects of nimotuzumab on acquired radioresistance in human esophageal carcinoma cells and to investigate its underlying mechanisms. Methods The radioresistant human esophageal carcinoma cell line KYSE-150R was generated by using fractionated irradiation. KYSE-150R cells were pretreated with or without nimotuzumab before ionizing radiation. Cell growth and colony formation were measured to quantitate the effects of radiation. The γ-H2AX foci assay was employed to determine cellular DNA-repairing capacity. The phosphorylation of key molecules involved in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway and cellular DNA repair was measured by Western blot analysis. Results Nimotuzumab enhanced radiation-induced inhibition on cell growth and clonogenic survival in KYSE-150R cells. The average number of γ-H2AX foci increased in the irradiated cells treated with nimotuzumab. Nimotuzumab inhibited phosphorylation of the EGFR and its downstream molecules AKT and ERK. Phosphorylation of the DNA repair-related proteins DNA-PKcs, ATM, and RAD51 was also inhibited by nimotuzumab. Conclusions These results indicate that nimotuzumab can inhibit key cancer survival mechanisms, the EGFR signaling pathway, and DNA repair and thereby reverse acquired radioresistance in KYSE-150R cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Sir Run Run Shaw Institute of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaping Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Sir Run Run Shaw Institute of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bengxin Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Sir Run Run Shaw Institute of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Dong
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhong Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixiu Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Wushan District, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Sir Run Run Shaw Institute of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Wang XT, Bao CH, Jia YB, Wang N, Ma W, Liu F, Wang C, Wang JB, Song QX, Cheng YF. BIIB021, a novel Hsp90 inhibitor, sensitizes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to radiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:945-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Moorcraft SY, Chau I. Investigational therapies targeting the ErbB family in oesophagogastric cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:1349-63. [PMID: 24949530 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.930126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognosis for patients with oesophagogastric (OG) cancer remains poor, with a median survival of approximately 9 - 11 months for patients with metastatic disease. However, a more personalised approach to treatment, using drugs tailored to the molecular characteristics of patients' tumours, has the potential to improve patient outcomes. Drugs targeting the ErbB family of receptors have been developed, but these have had varying degrees of success in clinical practice. AREAS COVERED The authors provide an overview of the ErbB receptor family with regard to OG cancers. Furthermore, they evaluate the evidence from preclinical and clinical trials of therapeutics targeting this family, including monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and novel agents. EXPERT OPINION Drugs targeting the ErbB family have been evaluated in OG cancer, with a notable success story in the case of trastuzumab, although there have been disappointing failures with anti-EGFR therapy. The response to targeted treatment remains variable and further biomarker research is essential to identify patients most likely to benefit from these therapies. The treatment of OG cancer remains challenging, but new anti-HER2 therapies and combination therapies hold promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing Yu Moorcraft
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine , Sutton SM2 5PT , UK +44 020 8642 6011 ; +44 020 8643 9414 ;
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Abstract
The six members of the family of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) were originally characterized as passive reservoirs of circulating IGFs, but they are now understood to have many actions beyond their endocrine role in IGF transport. IGFBPs also function in the pericellular and intracellular compartments to regulate cell growth and survival - they interact with many proteins, in addition to their canonical ligands IGF-I and IGF-II. Intranuclear roles of IGFBPs in transcriptional regulation, induction of apoptosis and DNA damage repair point to their intimate involvement in tumour development, progression and resistance to treatment. Tissue or circulating IGFBPs might also be useful as prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Baxter
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
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Liang J, E M, Wu G, Zhao L, Li X, Xiu X, Li N, Chen B, Hui Z, Lv J, Fang H, Tang Y, Bi N, Wang W, Zhai Y, Li T, Chen D, Zou S, Lu N, Perez-Rodríguez R, Zheng J, Wang L. Nimotuzumab combined with radiotherapy for esophageal cancer: preliminary study of a Phase II clinical trial. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1589-96. [PMID: 24235844 PMCID: PMC3825695 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s50945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and therapeutic effects of nimotuzumab (h-R3) combined with radiotherapy in esophageal cancer. METHODS This Phase II clinical trial involved 42 patients with stage II (inoperable or refused surgery) to stage IV (supraclavicular lymph node metastasis only) esophageal cancers treated between November 2008 and July 2010. All patients had squamous cell carcinomas, and all received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and 200 mg nimotuzumab per week during radiotherapy. RESULTS There were 9, 25, and 8 patients with stage II, III and IV disease, respectively. All except two patients received 50-70 Gy radiation; 37 patients (88.1%) received more than five nimotuzumab doses. Grade III toxicities (21.4% of all adverse events) included esophagitis and gastrointestinal, dermatological and hematological toxicities. Complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease were observed in 0, 22 (52.4%), 17 (40.5%) and 3 (7.1%) patients at 1 month after the treatment. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression rate was 95.2%. After a median follow-up of 37 months, the median survival time (MST) was 14 months. The 2 year and 3 year overall survival (OS) rates were 33.3% and 26.2%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 10 months. The 2 year and 3 year PFS rates were 24.5% and 22.1%, respectively. The MST in the 13 patients with (+++) EGFR expression (group A) and 7 patients with (++) EGFR expression (group B) was 15 and 11 months, respectively. The 2 year and 3 year OS rates were 46.2% and 38.5% in group A and 28.6% and 28.6% in group B, respectively (P = 0.405). CONCLUSION Although concurrent chemoradiotherapy was the standard care for locally advanced esophageal cancer, radiotherapy was the choice for those who were refused or could not tolerate chemoradiotherapy. Our study shows that nimotuzumab combined with radiotherapy was well tolerated in patients with esophageal cancer. EGFR overexpression was more common than previously reported. OS was higher after combined therapy than after historical control radiotherapy alone. Further studies are required to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of nimotuzumab in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyan E
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tongji Cancer Center Hospital, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lujun Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Xiu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhouguang Hui
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jima Lv
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Bi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yirui Zhai
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongfu Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Zou
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Junqi Zheng
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luhua Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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