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Yu SS, Du JL. Current views on selenoprotein S in the pathophysiological processes of diabetes-induced atherosclerosis: potential therapeutics and underlying biomarkers. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:5. [PMID: 38172976 PMCID: PMC10763436 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) consistently ranks as the primary mortality factor among diabetic people. A thorough comprehension of the pathophysiological routes and processes activated by atherosclerosis (AS) caused by diabetes mellitus (DM), together with the recognition of new contributing factors, could lead to the discovery of crucial biomarkers and the development of innovative drugs against atherosclerosis. Selenoprotein S (SELENOS) has been implicated in the pathology and progression of numerous conditions, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and insulin resistance (IR)-all recognized contributors to endothelial dysfunction (ED), a precursor event to diabetes-induced AS. Hepatic-specific deletion of SELENOS accelerated the onset and progression of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and increased hepatic triglycerides (TG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) accumulation; SELENOS expression in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue was elevated in obese human subjects, and act as a positive regulator for adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes; knockdown of SELENOS in Min6 β-cells induced β-cell apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation. SELENOS also participates in the early stages of AS, notably by enhancing endothelial function, curbing the expression of adhesion molecules, and lessening leukocyte recruitment-actions that collectively reduce the formation of foam cells. Furthermore, SELENOS forestalls the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages, mitigates vascular calcification, and alleviates inflammation in macrophages and CD4+ T cells. These actions help stifle the creation of unstable plaque characterized by thinner fibrous caps, larger necrotic cores, heightened inflammation, and more extensive vascular calcification-features seen in advanced atherosclerotic lesion development. Additionally, serum SELENOS could function as a potential biomarker, and SELENOS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs4965814, rs28628459, and rs9806366, might be effective gene markers for atherosclerosis-related diseases in diabetes. This review accentuates the pathophysiological processes of atherosclerosis in diabetes and amasses current evidence on SELENOS's potential therapeutic benefits or as predictive biomarkers in the various stages of diabetes-induced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases and the Vascular Complications, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian-Ling Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases and the Vascular Complications, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
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2
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Wang H, Li Z, Liu Y, Zhang M, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Mi G, Wang M, He Y, Chen Y, Chen C, Chen J. Effects of Selenoprotein S Knockdown on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in ATDC5 Cells and Gene Expression Profiles in Hypertrophic Chondrocytes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1965-1976. [PMID: 35725994 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Selenoprotein S (SelS), a member of the selenoprotein family, is mainly located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. SelS is involved in a variety of biological processes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, glucose metabolism regulation, and ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). This study was designed to explore the role of SelS in chondrocytes. It was confirmed that SelS is a Se-sensitive selenoprotein in low-selenium rat and cell models. ER stress was not induced in SelS knockdown ATDC5 cells. However, treatment of ATDC5 cells with tunicamycin (Tm), an ER stress inducer, increased the expression of SelS, and knockdown of SelS aggravated ER stress induced by Tm, suggesting that SelS is a regulatory molecule involved in ER stress in chondrocytes. Both osteoarthritis and Kashin-Beck disease are osteochondral diseases associated with hypertrophic chondrocyte abnormalities. Therefore, ATDC5 cells were induced to hypertrophic chondrocytes. SelS was knocked down and RNA sequencing was performed. Bioinformatics analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that SelS knockdown affected a variety of biological processes, including cell adhesion, osteoclast differentiation, and extracellular matrix homeostasis. Collectively, this study verified that SelS is sensitive to selenium levels and is an ER stress-responsive molecule. Knocking down SelS can cause abnormal expression of adhesion molecules and matrix homeostasis disorder in hypertrophic chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengzheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yawen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ge Mi
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yonghui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Endemic Disease of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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3
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Cheng W, Zhang L, Sa P, Luo J, Li M. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the effects of maternal selenium deficiency on placental transport, hormone synthesis, and immune response in mice. METALLOMICS : INTEGRATED BIOMETAL SCIENCE 2022; 14:6674774. [PMID: 36002020 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Selenium deficiency has been considered to increase the risk of gestational complications. Our previous work showed that maternal selenium deficiency suppressed proliferation, induced autophagy dysfunction and apoptosis in the placenta of mice. However, other effects of maternal selenium deficiency on the placenta and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, dietary selenium deficiency in dams significantly suppressed glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the placentae, confirming the oxidative stress in the placenta. By transcriptome sequencing analysis, the DEGs were involved in many biological processes, including ion transport, lipid metabolic process, immune response, transmembrane transport, and others. According to the KEGG analysis, the DEGs were primarily enriched in metabolic pathways, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and others. Among these, the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway enriched the most DEGs. Hsd3b1, an ER enzyme involved in progesterone synthesis, was validated downregulated. Consistently, the progesterone content in the serum of the selenium-deficient group was decreased. Ion transporters and transmembrane transporters, such as Heph, Trf, Slc39a8, Slc23a1, Atp7b, and Kcnc1, were reduced in the selenium-deficient placentae. Immune response-related genes, including Ccl3, Ccl8, Cxcl10, and Cxcl14, were increased in the selenium-deficient placentae, along with an increase in macrophage number. These results suggested that maternal selenium deficiency may impair progesterone biosynthesis, reduce nutrient transporters expression, and promote immune response by increasing the oxidative stress of the placentae. This present study provides a novel insight into the possible cause of placenta disorder during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lantian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peiyue Sa
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
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Hofstee P, Perkins AV, Cuffe JSM. Selenium Deficiency during Pregnancy in Mice Impairs Exercise Performance and Metabolic Function in Adult Offspring. Nutrients 2022; 14:1125. [PMID: 35268100 PMCID: PMC8912302 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium deficiency during the perinatal period programs metabolic dysfunction in offspring. Postnatal exercise may prevent the development of programmed metabolic disease. This study investigated the impact of selenium deficiency on offspring exercise behavior and whether this improved metabolic health. Female C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated to control (NormalSe, >190 μg/Se/kg, n = 8) or low-selenium (LowSe, <50 μg/Se/kg, n = 8) diets from four weeks before mating. Male offspring were weaned at postnatal day (PN) twenty-four and placed on a normal chow diet. At PN60, mice were placed in cages with bi-directional running wheels and monitored until PN180. LowSe offspring had a reduced average weekly running speed and distance (p < 0.05). LowSe offspring exhibited glucose intolerance, with increased peak blood glucose (p < 0.05) and area under the curve following an intra-peritoneal injection of glucose (p < 0.05). Furthermore, mRNA expression of several selenoproteins within cardiac and skeletal muscle were increased in LowSe offspring (p < 0.05). The results indicated that selenium deficiency during development reduces exercise behavior. Furthermore, exercise does not prevent programmed glucose intolerance in low-selenium offspring. This highlights that exercise may not be the optimal intervention for metabolic disease in offspring impacted by selenium deficiency in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Hofstee
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; (P.H.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Anthony V. Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; (P.H.); (A.V.P.)
| | - James S. M. Cuffe
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Al-Mubarak AA, van der Meer P, Bomer N. Selenium, Selenoproteins, and Heart Failure: Current Knowledge and Future Perspective. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2021; 18:122-131. [PMID: 33835398 PMCID: PMC8163712 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-021-00511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW (Mal-)nutrition of micronutrients, like selenium, has great impact on the human heart and improper micronutrient intake was observed in 30-50% of patients with heart failure. Low selenium levels have been reported in Europe and Asia and thought to be causal for Keshan disease. Selenium is an essential micronutrient that is needed for enzymatic activity of the 25 so-called selenoproteins, which have a broad range of activities. In this review, we aim to summarize the current evidence about selenium in heart failure and to provide insights about the potential mechanisms that can be modulated by selenoproteins. RECENT FINDINGS Suboptimal selenium levels (<100 μg/L) are prevalent in more than 70% of patients with heart failure and were associated with lower exercise capacity, lower quality of life, and worse prognosis. Small clinical trials assessing selenium supplementation in patients with HF showed improvement of clinical symptoms (NYHA class), left ventricular ejection fraction, and lipid profile, while governmental interventional programs in endemic areas have significantly decreased the incidence of Keshan disease. In addition, several selenoproteins are found impaired in suboptimal selenium conditions, potentially aggravating underlying mechanisms like oxidative stress, inflammation, and thyroid hormone insufficiency. While the current evidence is not sufficient to advocate selenium supplementation in patients with heart failure, there is a clear need for high level evidence to show whether treatment with selenium has a place in the contemporary treatment of patients with HF to improve meaningful clinical endpoints. Graphical summary summarizing the potential beneficial effects of the various selenoproteins, locally in cardiac tissues and systemically in the rest of the body. In short, several selenoproteins contribute in protecting the integrity of the mitochondria. By doing so, they contribute indirectly to reducing the oxidative stress as well as improving the functionality of immune cells, which are in particular vulnerable to oxidative stress. Several other selenoproteins are directly involved in antioxidative pathways, next to excreting anti-inflammatory effects. Similarly, some selenoproteins are located in the endoplasmic reticulum, playing roles in protein folding. With exception of the protection of the mitochondria and the reduction of oxidative stress, other effects are not yet investigated in cardiac tissues. The systemic effects of selenoproteins might not be limited to these mechanisms, but also may include modulation of endothelial function, protection skeletal muscles, in addition to thyroid metabolism. ABBREVIATIONS DIO, iodothyronine deiodinase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; MsrB2, methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B2; SELENOK, selenoprotein K; SELENON, selenoprotein N; SELENOP, selenoprotein P; SELENOS, selenoprotein S; SELENOT, selenoprotein T; TXNRD, thioredoxin reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Al-Mubarak
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, UMCG Post-zone AB43, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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6
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Wang DY, Wu TT, Zheng YY, Ma YT, Xie X. Nomogram developed with selenoprotein S (SelS) genetic variation and clinical characteristics predicting risk of coronary artery disease in a Chinese population. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:770-777. [PMID: 32968632 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenoprotein S (SelS) is a novel selenoprotein encoded by the SelS gene on chromosome 15q26.3. SelS is associated with the development of diabetes, dyslipidemia and macrovascular complications. However, the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of SelS and coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. METHODS In the present study, we genotyped four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs117613208, rs117512970, rs986500879, rs542989868) of SelS gene using direct sequencing method in a case-control study (576 CAD cases and 452 control subjects). Furthermore, we developed a predictive model using SelS genetic variation and clinical variables to predict risk of CAD. RESULTS We found that rs117613208 T allele was more frequent in the CAD cases than that in the controls. Logistic regression analysis suggested after adjustment of other confounders, the difference remained significant between the two groups [odds ratio (OR) =2.107, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.239-3.583, P<0.006]. Using SelS rs117613208 T allele, age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), and lipoprotein A [Lp(a)] (GASDLY score), we developed a diagnostic model of CAD (AUC: 0.806, 95% CI: 0.776-0.836, P<0.001, sensitivity: 74.7%, specificity:75.5%). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that genetic polymorphism of SelS was independent associated with CAD and GASDLY score may be a novel diagnostic model for CAD in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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7
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Selenoprotein S attenuates endothelial dysfunction in a diabetic vascular chip. Exp Gerontol 2020; 137:110963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Association of Selenoprotein S Expression and its Variants with Metabolic Syndrome in Subjects with Cardiovascular Disease. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:535-541. [PMID: 32473750 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenoproteins S (SELS or VIMP) may regulate cytokine production, and thus play a key role in the control of the inflammatory response. METHODS This study consisted of 136 Iranian patients with cardiovascular disease (65 MetS-affected and 71 MetS un-affected individuals) in the selengene study. Expression of two variants of VIMP including VIMP I and II were analyzed in all subjects using Real-Time PCR and ELISA. RESULTS The level of VIMP was lower in MetS+ compared to the MetS- subjects (p <0.05). We found no significant differences in quantitative expression of VIMP I and VIMP II in both groups. VIMP I reveal a reverse correlation with fasting blood sugar (FBS) (r = -0.45, p = 0.009). Moreover, SELS in protein level has negative correlation with WC (r = -0.171, p = 0.049) and positive correlation with HDL (r = 0.176, p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that VIMP in protein level is significantly lower in MetS and shows a reverse correlation with WC and positive correlation with HDL. Therefore, with regard to the functional role of this protein, it is possible to deduce that its lower expression leads to the higher secretion of unfolded proteins into the cytosol and outside the cell, where they cannot play their exact roles in the different pathways. Moreover, the reverse correlation of VIMP I with FBS suggests further consideration of VIMP and its variant VIMP I expression in regards to potential development of major CVD risk factors.
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Addinsall AB, Wright CR, Kotsiakos TL, Smith ZM, Cook TR, Andrikopoulos S, van der Poel C, Stupka N. Impaired exercise performance is independent of inflammation and cellular stress following genetic reduction or deletion of selenoprotein S. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R981-R996. [PMID: 32186893 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00321.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Selenoprotein S (Seps1) can be protective against oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and inflammatory stress. Seps1 global knockout mice are less active, possess compromised fast muscle ex vivo strength, and, depending on context, heightened inflammation. Oxidative, ER, and inflammatory stress modulates contractile function; hence, our aim was to investigate the effects of Seps1 gene dose on exercise performance. Seps1-/- knockout, Seps1-/+ heterozygous, and wild-type mice were randomized to 3 days of incremental, high-intensity treadmill running or a sedentary control group. On day 4, the in situ contractile function of fast tibialis anterior (TA) muscles was determined. Seps1 reduction or deletion compromised exercise capacity, decreasing distance run. TA strength was also reduced. In sedentary Seps1-/- knockout mice, TA fatigability was greater than wild-type mice, and this was ameliorated with exercise. Whereas, in Seps1+/- heterozygous mice, exercise compromised TA endurance. These impairments in exercise capacity and TA contractile function were not associated with increased inflammation or a dysregulated redox state. Seps1 is highly expressed in muscle fibers and blood vessels. Interestingly, Nos1 and Vegfa mRNA transcripts were decreased in TA muscles from Seps1-/- knockout and Seps1-/+ heterozygous mice. Impaired exercise performance with Seps1 reduction or deletion cannot be attributed to heightened cellular stress, but it may potentially be mediated, in part, by the effects of Seps1 on the microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Bernard Addinsall
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig Robert Wright
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Taryan L Kotsiakos
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zoe M Smith
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Taylah R Cook
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Chris van der Poel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Stupka
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Li F, Mao A, Fu X, She Y, Wei X. Correlation between SEPS1 gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A preliminary study. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22967. [PMID: 31265177 PMCID: PMC6805276 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The protein encoded by the selenoprotein S gene is considered to be an anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant protein and is involved in a variety of diseases. Therefore, we want to study the distribution characteristics of this gene in Chinese diabetic population. Methods A total of 170 patients with DM (including 100 patients with T2DM and 70 patients with diabetic nephropathy [DN]) and 100 healthy controls (HC) were selected from Haikou People's Hospital (China) between January 2017 and July 2017. The polymorphisms of three SEPS1 genes (SNP ID: rs4965814, rs28665122, and rs34713741) were measured by massARRAY method, while the polymorphisms of SEPS1 genes (SNP ID: rs4965373) were detected by Sanger sequencing. Results Comparing three groups, the results were the following: (a) There was a significant difference in the genotype and allele distribution of rs34713741 between DN group and HC group and between T2DM group and DN group; For this gene locus, the risk of diabetic nephropathy in healthy individuals with T allele was 0.6 times higher than that in individuals with GG genotype (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.46 ~ 0.77). (b) There was a significant difference in the distribution of rs4975814 genotype between DN group and HC group; for this gene locus, the risk of diabetic nephropathy in healthy individuals with T allele was 2.71 times higher than that in individuals with GG genotype (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.66 ~ 4.45). Conclusion We conclude that rs34713741 (GT + TT) may be a protective gene for DN and the rs4975814 (GT + TT) may be a susceptibility gene for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Haikou People's Hospital, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Aiyou Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Haikou People's Hospital, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xianxian Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Haikou People's Hospital, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yang She
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Haikou People's Hospital, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaobin Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Haikou People's Hospital, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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11
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Cockman EM, Narayan V, Willard B, Shetty SP, Copeland PR, Driscoll DM. Identification of the Selenoprotein S Positive UGA Recoding (SPUR) element and its position-dependent activity. RNA Biol 2019; 16:1682-1696. [PMID: 31432740 PMCID: PMC6844570 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1653681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoproteins are a unique class of proteins that contain the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec). Addition of Sec into a protein is achieved by recoding of the UGA stop codon. All 25 mammalian selenoprotein mRNAs possess a 3′ UTR stem-loop structure, the Selenocysteine Insertion Sequence (SECIS), which is required for Sec incorporation. It is widely believed that the SECIS is the major RNA element that controls Sec insertion, however recent findings in our lab suggest otherwise for Selenoprotein S (SelS). Here we report that the first 91 nucleotides of the SelS 3′ UTR contain a proximal stem loop (PSL) and a conserved sequence we have named the SelS Positive UGA Recoding (SPUR) element. We developed a SelS-V5/UGA surrogate assay for UGA recoding, which was validated by mass spectrometry to be an accurate measure of Sec incorporation in cells. Using this assay, we show that point mutations in the SPUR element greatly reduce recoding in the reporter; thus, the SPUR is required for readthrough of the UGA-Sec codon. In contrast, deletion of the PSL increased Sec incorporation. This effect was reversed when the PSL was replaced with other stem-loops or an unstructured sequence, suggesting that the PSL does not play an active role in Sec insertion. Additional studies revealed that the position of the SPUR relative to the UGA-Sec codon is important for optimal UGA recoding. Our identification of the SPUR element in the SelS 3′ UTR reveals a more complex regulation of Sec incorporation than previously realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Cockman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vivek Narayan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sumangala P Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Paul R Copeland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Donna M Driscoll
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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12
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Yu S, Liu X, Men L, Yao J, Xing Q, Du J. Selenoprotein S protects against high glucose-induced vascular endothelial apoptosis through the PKCβII/JNK/Bcl-2 pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8661-8675. [PMID: 30485531 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial apoptosis is closely associated with the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic macrovascular diseases. Selenoprotein S (SelS) participates in the protection of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells from oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced injury. However, whether SelS can protect vascular endothelium from high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study preliminarily analyzed aortic endothelial apoptosis and SelS expression in diabetic rats in vivo and the effects of HG on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) apoptosis and SelS expression in vitro. Subsequently, SelS expression was up- or downregulated in HUVECs using the pcDNA3.1-SelS recombinant plasmid and SelS-specific small interfering RNAs, and the effects of high/low SelS expression on HG-induced HUVEC apoptosis and a possible molecular mechanism were analyzed. As expected, HG induced vascular endothelial apoptosis and upregulated endothelial SelS expression in vivo and in vitro. SelS overexpression in HUVECs suppressed HG-induced increase in apoptosis and cleaved caspase3 level, accompanied by reduced protein kinase CβII (PKCβII), c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK), and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) phosphorylation. In contrast, inhibiting SelS expression in HUVECs further aggravated HG-induced increase in apoptosis and cleaved caspase3 level, which was accompanied by increased PKCβII, JNK, and Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Pretreatment with PKC activators blocked the protective effects of SelS and increased the apoptosis and cleaved caspase3 level in HUVECs. In summary, SelS protects vascular endothelium from HG-induced apoptosis, and this was achieved through the inhibition of PKCβII/JNK/Bcl-2 pathway to eventually inhibit caspase3 activation. SelS may be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of diabetic macrovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lili Men
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qian Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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13
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Addinsall AB, Martin SD, Collier F, Conlan XA, Foletta VC, Stupka N. Differential regulation of cellular stress responses by the endoplasmic reticulum-resident Selenoprotein S (Seps1) in proliferating myoblasts versus myotubes. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13926. [PMID: 30557449 PMCID: PMC6296459 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant Selenoprotein S (Seps1, Selenos) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein associated with metabolic and inflammatory disease. While Seps1 is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, its mechanistic role as an antioxidant in skeletal muscle cells is not well characterized. In C2C12 myotubes treated with palmitate for 24 h, endogenous Seps1 protein expression was upregulated twofold. Two different siRNA constructs were used to investigate whether decreased levels of Seps1 exacerbated lipid-induced oxidative and ER stress in C2C12 myotubes and myoblasts, which differ with regards to cell cycle state and metabolic phenotype. In myoblasts, Seps1 protein knockdown of ~50% or ~75% exacerbated cellular stress responses in the presence of palmitate; as indicated by decreased cell viability and proliferation, higher H2 O2 levels, a lower reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) ratio, and enhanced gene expression of ER and oxidative stress markers. Even in the absence of palmitate, Seps1 knockdown increased oxidative stress in myoblasts. Whereas, in myotubes in the presence of palmitate, a ~50% knockdown of Seps1 was associated with a trend toward a marginal (3-5%) decrease in viability (P = 0.05), decreased cellular ROS levels, and a reduced mRNA transcript abundance of the cellular stress marker thioredoxin inhibitory binding protein (Txnip). Furthermore, no enhancement of gene markers of ER stress was observed in palmitate-treated myotubes in response to Seps1 knockdown. In conclusion, reduced Seps1 levels exacerbate nutrient-induced cellular stress responses to a greater extent in glycolytic, proliferating myoblasts than in oxidative, differentiated myotubes, thus demonstrating the importance of cell phenotype to Seps1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B. Addinsall
- Centre for Molecular and Medical ResearchSchool of MedicineDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Sheree D. Martin
- Centre for Molecular and Medical ResearchSchool of MedicineDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Fiona Collier
- GCEID, University HospitalBarwon HealthGeelongAustralia
- School of MedicineDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Xavier A. Conlan
- Centre for Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of Life and Environmental SciencesFaculty of Science, Engineering and Built EnvironmentDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Victoria C. Foletta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN)School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Nicole Stupka
- Centre for Molecular and Medical ResearchSchool of MedicineDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
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14
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Association of genetic polymorphisms of SelS with Type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181696. [PMID: 30413610 PMCID: PMC6259018 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Selenoprotein S (SelS) gene expression is positively correlated to triglyceride (TG) concentrations and is associated with diabetes in animal model. However, the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of SelS and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains unclear. Methods: In the present study, we genotyped four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs12910524, rs1384565, rs2101171, rs4965814) of SelS gene using TaqMan genotyping method in a case-control study (1947 T2DM patients and 1639 control subjects). Results: We found both rs1384565 CC genotype (12.1 compared with 6.6%, P<0.001) and C allele (35.2 compared with 24.4%, P<0.001) were more frequent in the T2DM patients than in the controls. Logistic regression analysis suggested after adjustment of other confounders, the difference remained significant between the two groups (CC compared with TT, P=0.002, OR = 1.884, 95% CI: 1.263-2.811; CT compared with TT, P<0.001, OR = 1.764, 95% CI: 1.412-2.204). Conclusion: The present study suggested that genetic polymorphisms of SelS were associated with T2DM in a Chinese population.
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15
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Men L, Yu S, Yao J, Li Y, Ren D, Du J. Selenoprotein S protects against adipocyte death through mediation of the IRE1α-sXBP1 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2866-2871. [PMID: 30146262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
As the most conserved branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR), the inositol-requiring enzyme 1a (IRE1a)/X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) pathway plays crucial roles in cell survival and cell death by upregulating UPR-associated genes involved in protein entry into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Selenoprotein S (SelS) is localized to the ER membrane and involved in ERAD. Although SelS plays an important role in restoring ER stress, the SelS-dependent protective mechanisms against cell death remain unclear. Here, using an inducible SelS knockdown (KD) 3T3-L1 cell model, we showed that SelS KD resulted adipocyte death, which was associated with imbalance of the Bcl-2 family members. Furthermore, SelS KD decreased spliced XBP1 (sXBP1), increased IRE1α and p-JNK, suggesting a role of SelS in the modulation of the IRE1α-sXBP1 pathway. Moreover, adipocyte death induced by SelS suppression can be inhibited by overexpression of sXBP1. Thus, it is proposed that SelS promotes cell survival through the IRE1α-XBP1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Men
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Decheng Ren
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jianling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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16
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Addinsall AB, Wright CR, Shaw CS, McRae NL, Forgan LG, Weng CH, Conlan XA, Francis PS, Smith ZM, Andrikopoulos S, Stupka N. Deficiency of selenoprotein S, an endoplasmic reticulum resident oxidoreductase, impairs the contractile function of fast-twitch hindlimb muscles. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R380-R396. [PMID: 29668323 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00244.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Selenoprotein S (Seps1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident antioxidant implicated in ER stress and inflammation. In human vastus lateralis and mouse hindlimb muscles, Seps1 localization and expression were fiber-type specific. In male Seps1+/- heterozygous mice, spontaneous physical activity was reduced compared with wild-type littermates ( d = 1.10, P = 0.029). A similar trend was also observed in Seps1-/- knockout mice ( d = 1.12, P = 0.051). Whole body metabolism, body composition, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and soleus mass and myofiber diameter were unaffected by genotype. However, in isolated fast EDL muscles from Seps1-/- knockout mice, the force frequency curve (FFC; 1-120 Hz) was shifted downward versus EDL muscles from wild-type littermates ( d = 0.55, P = 0.002), suggestive of reduced strength. During 4 min of intermittent, submaximal (60 Hz) stimulation, the genetic deletion or reduction of Seps1 decreased EDL force production ( d = 0.52, P < 0.001). Furthermore, at the start of the intermittent stimulation protocol, when compared with the 60-Hz stimulation of the FFC, EDL muscles from Seps1-/- knockout or Seps1+/- heterozygous mice produced 10% less force than those from wild-type littermates ( d = 0.31, P < 0.001 and d = 0.39, P = 0.015). This functional impairment was associated with reduced mRNA transcript abundance of thioredoxin-1 ( Trx1), thioredoxin interacting protein ( Txnip), and the ER stress markers Chop and Grp94, whereas, in slow soleus muscles, Seps1 deletion did not compromise contractile function and Trx1 ( d = 1.38, P = 0.012) and Txnip ( d = 1.27, P = 0.025) gene expression was increased. Seps1 is a novel regulator of contractile function and cellular stress responses in fast-twitch muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B Addinsall
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Craig R Wright
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Chris S Shaw
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Natasha L McRae
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Leonard G Forgan
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Chia-Heng Weng
- Department of Medicine-Austin Health, The University of Melbourne , Heidelberg, Victoria , Australia
| | - Xavier A Conlan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Zoe M Smith
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Sofianos Andrikopoulos
- Department of Medicine-Austin Health, The University of Melbourne , Heidelberg, Victoria , Australia
| | - Nicole Stupka
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
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17
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Selenoprotein S Attenuates Tumor Necrosis Factor- α-Induced Dysfunction in Endothelial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:1625414. [PMID: 29805311 PMCID: PMC5901950 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1625414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, partly induced by inflammatory mediators, is known to initiate and promote several cardiovascular diseases. Selenoprotein S (SelS) has been identified in endothelial cells and is associated with inflammation; however, its function in inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction has not been described. We first demonstrated that the upregulation of SelS enhances the levels of nitric oxide and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The levels of TNF-α-induced endothelin-1 and reactive oxygen species are also reduced by the upregulation of SelS. Furthermore, SelS overexpression blocks the TNF-α-induced adhesion of THP-1 cells to HUVECs and inhibits the increase in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Moreover, SelS overexpression regulates TNF-α-induced inflammatory factors including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and attenuates the TNF-α-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. Conversely, the knockdown of SelS with siRNA results in an enhancement of TNF-α-induced injury in HUVECs. These findings suggest that SelS protects endothelial cells against TNF-α-induced dysfunction by inhibiting the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways and implicates it as a possible modulator of vascular inflammatory diseases.
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18
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Emerging roles of endoplasmic reticulum-resident selenoproteins in the regulation of cellular stress responses and the implications for metabolic disease. Biochem J 2018; 475:1037-1057. [PMID: 29559580 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic metabolic stress leads to cellular dysfunction, characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The ER is gaining recognition as a key organelle in integrating cellular stress responses. ER homeostasis is tightly regulated by a complex antioxidant system, which includes the seven ER-resident selenoproteins - 15 kDa selenoprotein, type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase and selenoproteins S, N, K, M and T. Here, the findings from biochemical, cell-based and mouse studies investigating the function of ER-resident selenoproteins are reviewed. Human experimental and genetic studies are drawn upon to highlight the relevance of these selenoproteins to the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. ER-resident selenoproteins have discrete roles in the regulation of oxidative, ER and inflammatory stress responses, as well as intracellular calcium homeostasis. To date, only two of these ER-resident selenoproteins, selenoproteins S and N have been implicated in human disease. Nonetheless, the potential of all seven ER-resident selenoproteins to ameliorate metabolic dysfunction warrants further investigation.
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19
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Gan F, Hu Z, Huang Y, Xue H, Huang D, Qian G, Hu J, Chen X, Wang T, Huang K. Overexpression of pig selenoprotein S blocks OTA-induced promotion of PCV2 replication by inhibiting oxidative stress and p38 phosphorylation in PK15 cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20469-85. [PMID: 26943035 PMCID: PMC4991468 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary cause of porcine circovirus disease, and ochratoxin A (OTA)-induced oxidative stress promotes PCV2 replication. In humans, selenoprotein S (SelS) has antioxidant ability, but it is unclear whether SelS affects viral infection. Here, we stably transfected PK15 cells with pig pCDNA3.1-SelS to overexpress SelS. Selenium (Se) at 2 or 4 μM and SelS overexpression blocked the OTA-induced increases of PCV2 DNA copy number and infected cell numbers. SelS overexpression also increased glutathione (GSH), NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA, and γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase mRNA levels; decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels; and inhibited p38 phosphorylation in PCV2-infected PK15 cells, regardless of OTA treatment. Buthionine sulfoximine reversed all of the above SelS-induced changes. siRNA-mediated SelS knockdown decreased Nrf2 mRNA and GSH levels, increased ROS levels, and promoted PCV2 replication in OTA-treated PK15 cells. These data indicate that pig SelS blocks OTA-induced promotion of PCV2 replication by inhibiting the oxidative stress and p38 phosphorylation in PK15 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhihua Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongxia Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Da Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junfa Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
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20
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Yu SS, Du JL. Selenoprotein S: a therapeutic target for diabetes and macroangiopathy? Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:101. [PMID: 28797256 PMCID: PMC5553675 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are important pathophysiological bases of the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus (DM) and macroangiopathy complications. Selenoprotein S (SELENOS) is involved in the regulation of these mechanisms; therefore, its association with DM and macroangiopathy has gradually received attention from scholars worldwide. SELENOS has different biological functions in different tissues and organs: it exerts antioxidant protection and has anti-ER stress effects in the pancreas and blood vessels, while it promotes the occurrence and development of insulin resistance in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. In addition, studies have confirmed that some SELENOS gene polymorphisms can influence the inflammatory response and are closely associated with the risk for developing DM and macroangiopathy. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of the association between SELENOS and inflammation, oxidative stress, and ER stress may better elucidate and supplement the pathogenic mechanisms of DM and macroangiopathy complications. Furthermore, in-depth investigation of the association of SELENOS function in different tissues and organs with DM and macroangiopathy may facilitate the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of DM and macrovascular complications. Here, we summarize the consensus and controversy regarding functions of SELENOS on currently available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian-Ling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
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21
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Evidence supporting the conceptual framework of cancer chemoprevention in canines. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26500. [PMID: 27216246 PMCID: PMC4877707 DOI: 10.1038/srep26500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
As with human beings, dogs suffer from the consequences of cancer. We investigated the potential of a formulation comprised of resveratrol, ellagic acid, genistein, curcumin and quercetin to modulate biomarkers indicative of disease prevention. Dog biscuits were evaluated for palatability and ability to deliver the chemopreventive agents. The extent of endogenous DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from dogs given the dietary supplement or placebo showed no change. However, H2O2-inducible DNA damage was significantly decreased after consumption of the supplement. The expression of 11 of 84 genes related to oxidative stress was altered. Hematological parameters remained in the reference range. The concept of chemoprevention for the explicit benefit of the canine is compelling since dogs are an important part of our culture. Our results establish a proof-of-principle and provide a framework for improving the health and well-being of “man’s best friend”.
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22
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Yu SS, Men LL, Wu JL, Huang LW, Xing Q, Yao JJ, Wang YB, Song GR, Guo HS, Sun GH, Zhang YH, Li H, Du JL. The source of circulating selenoprotein S and its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis: a preliminary study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:70. [PMID: 27121097 PMCID: PMC4849094 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selenoprotein S (SelS) is a transmembrane protein that is expressed in the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, pancreatic islets, kidney, and blood vessels. In addition to its transmembrane localization, SelS is also secreted from hepatoma HepG2 cells (but not L6 skeletal muscle cells, 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Min6 pancreatic β cells and human embryonic kidney 293 cells) and has been detected in the serum of some human subjects, with a detection rate of 31.1 %. These findings prove that serum SelS is secreted by hepatocytes. However, whether vascularly expressed SelS can be secreted has not been reported. Transmembrane SelS has been suggested to play different roles in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes mellitus (DM) and atherosclerosis (AS), but the association of secreted SelS with DM and macroangiopathy remains unclear. Research design and methods Supernatants were collected from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HA/VSMCs) and human hepatoma HepG2 cells that were untransfected or transfected with the indicated plasmid and concentrated for western blotting. Serum samples were collected from 158 human subjects with or without type 2 DM (T2DM) and/or AS. Serum SelS levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Secreted SelS was only detected in the supernatants of hepatoma HepG2 cells. The SelS detection rate among the 158 human serum samples was 100 %, and the average SelS level was 64.81 ng/dl. The serum SelS level in the isolated DM subjects was lower than the level in the healthy control subjects (52.66 ± 20.53 vs 70.40 ± 21.38 ng/dl). The serum SelS levels in the DM complicated with SAS subjects (67.73 ± 21.41 ng/dl) and AS subjects (71.69 ± 27.00 ng/dl) were significantly increased compared with the serum SelS level in the isolated DM subjects. There was a positive interaction effect between T2DM and AS on the serum SelS level (P = 0.002). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the serum SelS level was negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose. Conclusions Vascular endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells could not secrete SelS. Serum SelS was primarily secreted by hepatocytes. SelS was universally detected in human serum samples, and the serum SelS level was associated with T2DM and its macrovascular complications. Thus, regulating liver and serum SelS levels might become a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of DM and its macrovascular complications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0388-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Li-Li Men
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia-Ling Wu
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Li-Wei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun-Jie Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Yong-Bo Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Gui-Rong Song
- Department of Health Statistics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui-Shu Guo
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Guo-Hua Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian-Ling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Selenoproteins employ selenium to supplement the chemistry available through the common 20 amino acids. These powerful enzymes are affiliated with redox biology, often in connection with the detection, management, and signaling of oxidative stress. Among them, membrane-bound selenoproteins play prominent roles in signaling pathways, Ca(2+) regulation, membrane complexes integrity, and biosynthesis of lipophilic molecules. RECENT ADVANCES The number of selenoproteins whose physiological roles, protein partners, expression, evolution, and biosynthesis are characterized is steadily increasing, thus offering a more nuanced view of this specialized family. This review focuses on human membrane selenoproteins, particularly the five least characterized ones: selenoproteins I, K, N, S, and T. CRITICAL ISSUES Membrane-bound selenoproteins are the least understood, as it is challenging to provide the membrane-like environment required for their biochemical and biophysical characterization. Hence, their studies rely mostly on biological rather than structural and biochemical assays. Another aspect that has not received much attention is the particular role that their membrane association plays in their physiological function. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Findings cited in this review show that it is possible to infer the structure and the membrane-binding mode of these lesser-studied selenoproteins and design experiments to examine the role of the rare amino acid selenocysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware
| | - Sharon Rozovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware , Newark, Delaware
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24
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Budachetri K, Karim S. An insight into the functional role of thioredoxin reductase, a selenoprotein, in maintaining normal native microbiota in the Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum). INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 24:570-81. [PMID: 26184979 PMCID: PMC4560682 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tick selenoproteins have been associated with antioxidant activity in ticks. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), also a selenoprotein, belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase family of proteins and is an important antioxidant. Molecular interactions between native microbiota and tick hosts have barely been investigated to date. In this study, we determined the functional role of TrxR in tick feeding and in maintenance of the native microbial community. TrxR transcript levels remained high and microbial load was reduced throughout tick attachment to the vertebrate host. RNA interference (RNAi) showed that depletion of TrxR activity did not interfere with tick haematophagy or phenotype but did reduce the viability of the microbiome within the tick tissues, presumably by perturbing redox homeostasis. The transcriptional activity of various antioxidant genes remained unaffected whereas the antioxidant genes Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) and selenoprotein M (SelM) were significantly down-regulated in salivary glands of the ticks subjected to RNAi. The perturbed TrxR enzymatic activity in the knocked-down tick tissues negatively affected the bacterial load as well. Furthermore, we observed the altered bacterial profiles in TrxR-silenced tick tissues. Taken together, these results indicate an essential functional role for TrxR in maintaining the bacterial community associated with ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Budachetri
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - S Karim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
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25
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Du XA, Wang HM, Dai XX, Kou Y, Wu RP, Chen Q, Cao JL, Mo XY, Xiong YM. Role of selenoprotein S (SEPS1) -105G>A polymorphisms and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in Kashin-Beck disease. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:210-6. [PMID: 25433273 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between SEPS1 polymorphism and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and further explore the pathogenesis of KBD. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect SEPS1 -105G>A polymorphism in 232 cases and 331 controls. The protein expressions of PI3K/Akt signaling molecules in whole blood and chondrocytes were detected by Western blot. RESULTS The frequencies of SEPS1 -105G>A genotype AA (21.1% vs 3.0%) and minor allele A (34.1% vs 16.0%) in KBD are significantly higher than those in controls (OR: 8.020, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 6.341-10.290, P < 0.0001; OR: 2.470, 95% CI 2.001-4.463, P < 0.0001, respectively). SEPS1 AA genotype was an independent risk factor for KBD (adjusted OR: 9.345, 95% CI 4.254-20.529; P < 0.0001). The expression of Gβγ, PI3Kp110, pAkt and pGSK3β in KBD group were higher than that in control group (all P < 0.05). Gβγ, pAkt and pGSK3β protein expression of AA and GA increased than GG (all P < 0.05). Cell apoptosis was increasing and molecule expression of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were up-regulated in the tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-injured group, the cell apoptosis and expression levels of PI3K/Akt in Na2SeO3 group were decreased. CONCLUSIONS The SEPS1 -105G>A is associated with an increased risk of KBD and influences the expression of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in KBD patients. Apoptosis induced by tBHP in chondrocyte might be mediated via up-regulation of PI3K/Akt, Na2SeO3 has an effect of anti-apoptosis by down-regulating of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- X A Du
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - H M Wang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - X X Dai
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Y Kou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - R P Wu
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Q Chen
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - J L Cao
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - X Y Mo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Y M Xiong
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
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