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Manjunath HS, Kalikiri MKR, Kabeer BSA, Tomei S. When Mosquito HV bites Biomark HD: An automated workflow for high-throughput qPCR. SLAS Technol 2022; 27:219-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mathew R, Mattei V, Al Hashmi M, Tomei S. Updates on the Current Technologies for microRNA Profiling. Microrna 2021; 9:17-24. [PMID: 31264553 DOI: 10.2174/2211536608666190628112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are RNA molecules of ~22 nt length that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. The role of miRNAs has been reported in many cellular processes including apoptosis, cell differentiation, development and proliferation. The dysregulated expression of miRNAs has been proposed as a biomarker for the diagnosis, onset and prognosis of human diseases. The utility of miRNA profiles to identify and discriminate patients from healthy individuals is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the technologies used for their detection and the quantity and quality of starting material. In this review, we present an update of the current technologies for the extraction, QC assessment and detection of miRNAs with special focus to the most recent methods, discussing their advantages as well as their shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mathew
- Omics Core and Biorepository, Sidra Medicine, Out Patient Clinic, Doha, Qatar
| | - Valentina Mattei
- Omics Core and Biorepository, Sidra Medicine, Out Patient Clinic, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muna Al Hashmi
- Omics Core and Biorepository, Sidra Medicine, Out Patient Clinic, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Tomei
- Omics Core and Biorepository, Sidra Medicine, Out Patient Clinic, Doha, Qatar
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Hu-Lieskovan S, Bhaumik S, Dhodapkar K, Grivel JCJB, Gupta S, Hanks BA, Janetzki S, Kleen TO, Koguchi Y, Lund AW, Maccalli C, Mahnke YD, Novosiadly RD, Selvan SR, Sims T, Zhao Y, Maecker HT. SITC cancer immunotherapy resource document: a compass in the land of biomarker discovery. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000705. [PMID: 33268350 PMCID: PMC7713206 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the publication of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer's (SITC) original cancer immunotherapy biomarkers resource document, there have been remarkable breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy, in particular the development and approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors, engineered cellular therapies, and tumor vaccines to unleash antitumor immune activity. The most notable feature of these breakthroughs is the achievement of durable clinical responses in some patients, enabling long-term survival. These durable responses have been noted in tumor types that were not previously considered immunotherapy-sensitive, suggesting that all patients with cancer may have the potential to benefit from immunotherapy. However, a persistent challenge in the field is the fact that only a minority of patients respond to immunotherapy, especially those therapies that rely on endogenous immune activation such as checkpoint inhibitors and vaccination due to the complex and heterogeneous immune escape mechanisms which can develop in each patient. Therefore, the development of robust biomarkers for each immunotherapy strategy, enabling rational patient selection and the design of precise combination therapies, is key for the continued success and improvement of immunotherapy. In this document, we summarize and update established biomarkers, guidelines, and regulatory considerations for clinical immune biomarker development, discuss well-known and novel technologies for biomarker discovery and validation, and provide tools and resources that can be used by the biomarker research community to facilitate the continued development of immuno-oncology and aid in the goal of durable responses in all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Kavita Dhodapkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Sumati Gupta
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brent A Hanks
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Yoshinobu Koguchi
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Tasha Sims
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
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Obara W, Hara I, Kato Y, Kato R, Inoue K, Sato F, Mimata H, Nakamura Y, Fujioka T. Immunotherapy with cancer peptides in combination with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1371-1380. [PMID: 29971464 PMCID: PMC11028097 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A phase I study using two peptide vaccines derived from M phase phosphoprotein 1 (MPHOSPH1) and DEP domain containing 1 (DEPDC1) demonstrated promising results for the treatment of advanced bladder cancer. Therefore, we further tested the ability of these peptides to prevent recurrence after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS 127 patients were enrolled in a multicenter, non-randomized phase II clinical trial. The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate, and secondary endpoints were safety and immunological response. HLA-A24-restricted peptides were subcutaneously administered in addition to intravesical BCG therapy. The exploratory endpoint evaluated differences of RFS rate between HLA-A*2402-positive (A24(+)) and -negative (A24(-)) groups. RESULTS A 2-year RFS rate in all patients was 74.0%. The RFS rate in the A24(+) group (n = 75) and in the A24(-) group (n = 52) were 76.0 and 71.2%, respectively. This vaccine therapy was well-tolerated and feasible. MPHOSPH1 and DEPDC1 peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses were observed in 75.8 and 77.5% of the A24(+) group, respectively. Patients having both peptide-specific CTL responses showed significantly better RFS than patients without CTL response (P = 0.014). In the A24(+) group, patients who had positive reaction at the injection sites (RAI) had significantly lower rates of recurrence than RAI-negative patients (P = 0.0019). CONCLUSIONS Cancer peptide vaccines in combination with intravesical BCG therapy demonstrated good immunogenicity and safety, and may provide benefit for preventing recurrence of NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Obara
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 020-8505, Japan.
| | - Isao Hara
- Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kato
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Renpei Kato
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Keiji Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sato
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Mimata
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tomoaki Fujioka
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 020-8505, Japan
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5
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Butterfield LH. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Biomarkers Task Force recommendations review. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 52:12-15. [PMID: 28943324 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The clinical successes in cancer immunotherapy have led to a critical need for biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy. It is of the utmost importance to know who is most likely to benefit from these therapies (predictive biomarkers) but also who is starting to respond (prognostic biomarkers) and how the therapy functions in order to make rational combination choices (mechanism of action biomarkers). The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Biomarkers Task Force addressed the state of the art and made a series of recommendations for the field, which is summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H Butterfield
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Immunology and Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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Ma W, Gilligan BM, Yuan J, Li T. Current status and perspectives in translational biomarker research for PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:47. [PMID: 27234522 PMCID: PMC4884396 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating immune inhibitory pathways has been a major recent breakthrough in cancer treatment. Checkpoint blockade antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) have demonstrated acceptable toxicity, promising clinical responses, durable disease control, and improved survival in some patients with advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and other tumor types. About 20 % of advanced NSCLC patients and 30 % of advanced melanoma patients experience tumor responses from checkpoint blockade monotherapy, with better clinical responses seen with the combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. Given the power of these new therapies, it is important to understand the complex and dynamic nature of host immune responses and the regulation of additional molecules in the tumor microenvironment and normal organs in response to the checkpoint blockade therapies. In this era of precision oncology, there remains a largely unmet need to identify the patients who are most likely to benefit from immunotherapy, to optimize the monitoring assays for tumor-specific immune responses, to develop strategies to improve clinical efficacy, and to identify biomarkers so that immune-related adverse events can be avoided. At this time, PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining using 22C3 antibody is the only FDA-approved companion diagnostic for patients with NSCLC-treated pembrolizumab, but more are expected to come to market. We here summarize the current knowledge, clinical efficacy, potential immune biomarkers, and associated assays for immune checkpoint blockade therapies in advanced solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Ma
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 4501 X Street, Suite 3016, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Former visiting medical student from School of Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Barbara M Gilligan
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 4501 X Street, Suite 3016, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Jianda Yuan
- Immune Monitoring Core, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Box 386, New York, NY10065, USA.,Present address: Oncology Clinical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ07065, USA
| | - Tianhong Li
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 4501 X Street, Suite 3016, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA. .,VA Northern California Health Care System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA, 95655, USA.
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Guennoun A, Sidahmed H, Maccalli C, Seliger B, Marincola FM, Bedognetti D. Harnessing the immune system for the treatment of melanoma: current status and future prospects. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:879-93. [PMID: 27070898 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2016.1176529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
When malignant melanoma is diagnosed early, surgical resection is the intervention of choice and is often curative, but many patients present with unresectable disease at later stages. Due to its complex etiology paired with well-documented chemoresistance and high metastatic potential, patients with advanced melanoma had a poor prognosis, and the treatment of this disease remained unsatisfactory for many years. Recently, targeted therapy, immune checkpoint inhibition, or combinatory approaches have revolutionized the therapeutic options of melanoma allowing considerable improvement in disease control and survival. In this review we will summarize these novel therapeutic strategies with particular focus on combinatory immunotherapies and further discuss recent data derived from immunogenomic studies and potential options to improve the therapeutic efficacy of immune modulatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Guennoun
- a Division of Translational Medicine , Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha , Qatar
| | - Heba Sidahmed
- a Division of Translational Medicine , Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha , Qatar
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- b Tumor Biology, Immunology and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine , Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha , Qatar
| | - Barbara Seliger
- c Institute of Medical Immunology , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- d Office of the Chief Research Officer (CRO) , Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha , Qatar
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- b Tumor Biology, Immunology and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine , Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha , Qatar
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Bedognetti D, Maccalli C, Bader SBA, Marincola FM, Seliger B. Checkpoint Inhibitors and Their Application in Breast Cancer. Breast Care (Basel) 2016; 11:108-15. [PMID: 27239172 PMCID: PMC4881248 DOI: 10.1159/000445335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are crucial for the maintenance of self-tolerance and for the modulation of immune responses in order to minimize tissue damage. Tumor cells take advantage of these mechanisms to evade immune recognition. A significant proportion of tumors, including breast cancers, can express co-inhibitory molecules that are important formediating the escape from T cell-mediated immune surveillance. The interaction of inhibitory receptors with their ligands can be blocked by specific molecules. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) and, more recently, against the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), have been approved for the therapy of melanoma (anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 mAbs) and non-small cell lung cancer (anti-PD1 mAbs). Moreover, inhibition of PD1 signaling has shown extremely promising signs of activity in breast cancer. An increasing number of molecules directed against other immune checkpoints are currently under clinical development. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the implementation of checkpoint inhibition in breast cancer by reviewing in detail data on PD-L1 expression and its regulation. In addition, opportunities to boost anti-tumor immunity in breast cancer with checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapies alone and in combination with other treatment options will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bedognetti
- Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salha B.J. Al Bader
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), and Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Francesco M. Marincola
- Office of the Chief Research Officer (CRO), Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
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Immune cell impact of three differently coated lipid nanocapsules: pluronic, chitosan and polyethylene glycol. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18423. [PMID: 26728491 PMCID: PMC4700454 DOI: 10.1038/srep18423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanocapsules (NCs) represent promising tools in clinical practice for diagnosis and therapy applications. However, the NC appropriate functionalization is essential to guarantee high biocompatibility and molecule loading ability. In any medical application, the immune system-impact of differently functionalized NCs still remains to be fully understood. A comprehensive study on the action exerted on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and major immune subpopulations by three different NC coatings: pluronic, chitosan and polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid (PEG) is reported. After a deep particle characterization, the uptake was assessed by flow-cytometry and confocal microscopy, focusing then on apoptosis, necrosis and proliferation impact in T cells and monocytes. Cell functionality by cell diameter variations, different activation marker analysis and cytokine assays were performed. We demonstrated that the NCs impact on the immune cell response is strongly correlated to their coating. Pluronic-NCs were able to induce immunomodulation of innate immunity inducing monocyte activations. Immunomodulation was observed in monocytes and T lymphocytes treated with Chitosan-NCs. Conversely, PEG-NCs were completely inert. These findings are of particular value towards a pre-selection of specific NC coatings depending on biomedical purposes for pre-clinical investigations; i.e. the immune-specific action of particular NC coating can be excellent for immunotherapy applications.
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10
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Butterfield LH, Disis ML, Fox BA, Khleif SN, Marincola FM. Preamble to the 2015 SITC immunotherapy biomarkers taskforce. J Immunother Cancer 2015; 3:8. [PMID: 25806107 PMCID: PMC4371796 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-015-0052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) has regularly hosted workshops and working groups focused on immunologic monitoring and immune biomarkers. Due to advances in cancer immunotherapy, including positive results from clinical trials testing new agents and combinations, emerging new technologies for measuring aspects of immunity, and novel candidate biomarkers from early phase trials, the SITC Immune Biomarkers Taskforce has reconvened to review the state of the art, identify current hurdles to further success and to make recommendations to the field. Topics being addressed by individual working groups include: (1) validation of candidate biomarkers, (2) identification of the most promising technologies, (3) testing of high throughput immune signatures and (4) investigation of the pre-treatment tumor microenvironment. Resultant recommendations will be published in JITC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H Butterfield
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ; University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | | | - Bernard A Fox
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Samir N Khleif
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA USA
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11
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Yoshitake Y, Fukuma D, Yuno A, Hirayama M, Nakayama H, Tanaka T, Nagata M, Takamune Y, Kawahara K, Nakagawa Y, Yoshida R, Hirosue A, Ogi H, Hiraki A, Jono H, Hamada A, Yoshida K, Nishimura Y, Nakamura Y, Shinohara M. Phase II clinical trial of multiple peptide vaccination for advanced head and neck cancer patients revealed induction of immune responses and improved OS. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:312-21. [PMID: 25391695 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The peptides derived from ideal cancer-testis antigens, including LY6K, CDCA1, and IMP3 (identified using genome-wide cDNA microarray analyses), were used in immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). In this trial, we analyzed the immune response to and safety and efficacy of vaccine therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 37 patients with advanced HNSCC were enrolled in this trial of peptide vaccine therapy, and the OS, PFS, and immunologic response were evaluated using enzyme-linked ImmunoSpot (ELISPOT) and pentamer assays. The peptides were subcutaneously administered weekly with IFA. The primary endpoints were evaluated on the basis of differences between HLA-A*2402-positive [A24(+)] patients treated with peptide vaccine therapy and -negative [A24(-)] patients treated without peptide vaccine therapy among those with advanced HNSCC. RESULTS Our cancer vaccine therapy was well tolerated. The OS of the A24(+) vaccinated group (n = 37) was statistically significantly longer than that of the A24(-) group (n = 18) and median survival time (MST) was 4.9 versus 3.5 months, respectively; P < 0.05. One of the patients exhibited a complete response. In the A24(+) vaccinated group, the ELISPOT assay identified LY6K-, CDCA1-, and IMP3-specific CTL responses in 85.7%, 64.3%, and 42.9% of the patients, respectively. The patients showing LY6K- and CDCA1-specific CTL responses demonstrated a longer OS than those without CTL induction. Moreover, the patients exhibiting CTL induction for multiple peptides demonstrated better clinical responses. CONCLUSIONS The immune response induced by this vaccine may improve the prognosis of patients with advanced HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Yoshitake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. Itoh Dento-Maxillofacial Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Daiki Fukuma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akira Yuno
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hirayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Tanaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. Minamata City General Hospital and Medical Center, Minamata, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takamune
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Kawahara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Hirosue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hidenao Ogi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Hiraki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital and Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akinobu Hamada
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital and Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. Department of Clinical Pharmacology Group for Translational Research Support Core National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshida
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. OncoTherapy Science Incorporation, Research and Development Division, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nishimura
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Masanori Shinohara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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12
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Tomei S, Bedognetti D, De Giorgi V, Sommariva M, Civini S, Reinboth J, Al Hashmi M, Ascierto ML, Liu Q, Ayotte BD, Worschech A, Uccellini L, Ascierto PA, Stroncek D, Palmieri G, Chouchane L, Wang E, Marincola FM. The immune-related role of BRAF in melanoma. Mol Oncol 2014; 9:93-104. [PMID: 25174651 PMCID: PMC4500792 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The existence of a dichotomy between immunologically active and quiescent tumor phenotypes has been recently recognized in several types of cancer. The activation of a Th1 type of immune signature has been shown to confer better prognosis and likelihood to respond to immunotherapy. However, whether such dichotomy depends on the genetic make‐up of individual cancers is not known yet. BRAF and NRAS mutations are commonly acquired during melanoma progression. Here we explored the role of BRAF and NRAS mutations in influencing the immune phenotype based on a classification previously identified by our group. Methods One‐hundred‐thirteen melanoma metastases underwent microarray analysis and BRAF and NRAS genotyping. Allele‐specific PCR was also performed in order to exclude low‐frequency mutations. Results Comparison between BRAF and NRAS mutant versus wild type samples identified mostly constituents or regulators of MAPK and related pathways. When testing gene lists discriminative of BRAF, NRAS and MAPK alterations, we found that 112 BRAF‐specific transcripts were able to distinguish the two immune‐related phenotypes already described in melanoma, with the poor phenotype associated mostly with BRAF mutation. Noteworthy, such association was stronger in samples displaying low BRAF mRNA expression. However, when testing NRAS mutations, we were not able to find the same association. Conclusion This study suggests that BRAF mutation‐related specific transcripts associate with a poor phenotype in melanoma and provide a nest for further investigation. BRAF and NRAS status was assessed in 113 melanoma metastases by Sanger sequencing and high sensitive allele‐specific PCR. The expression of BRAF‐specific genes categorized the metastases in two divergent groups. The mutant group associated with a poor phenotype. The association between BRAF mutation and the poor phenotype was stronger in samples displaying low BRAF mRNA expression. Functional interpretation of BRAF expression‐discriminative genes revealed pathways related to an unfavorable phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tomei
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar; Sidra Medical and Research Center, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Sidra Medical and Research Center, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michele Sommariva
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Civini
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer Reinboth
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97074, Germany; Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego 92109, USA
| | - Muna Al Hashmi
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maria Libera Ascierto
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Qiuzhen Liu
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ben D Ayotte
- Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, USA
| | - Andrea Worschech
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lorenzo Uccellini
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Milan, L. Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo A Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione "G. Pascale", Via G. Semmola, Naples, Italy
| | - David Stroncek
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ena Wang
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Sidra Medical and Research Center, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Sidra Medical and Research Center, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
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Sechi G, Bedognetti D, Sgarrella F, Eperen LV, Marincola FM, Bianco A, Delogu LG. The perception of nanotechnology and nanomedicine: a worldwide social media study. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:1475-86. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We explore at a world level the awareness of nanotechnology expressed through the most popular online social media: Facebook. We aimed at identifying future trends, the most interested countries and the public perception of ethics, funding and economic issues. We found that graphene and carbon nanotubes are the most followed nanomaterials. Our poll showed that the continents with the most interest are Asia and Africa. A total of 43% would like to have a world commission regulating nanomedicine. In addition, 43% would give priority to theranostics. Over 90% believe that nanomedicine has an economic impact. Finally, we observed that the continents of living and origin of poll contributors correlated with ethic and funding opinions. This study highlights the potential of online social media to influence scientific communities, grant committees and nanotechnology companies, spreading nanotechnology awareness in emerging countries and among new generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sechi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche, Scienze della Comunicazione & Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMR 5206 Triangle Lyon, France
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Infectious Disease & Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center & Trans-National Institutes of Health Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical & Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - Francesco Sgarrella
- Dipartimento di Chimica & Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Laura Van Eperen
- Van Eperen & Company, 10108 Sterling Terrace Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- Infectious Disease & Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center & Trans-National Institutes of Health Center for Human Immunology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical & Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie & Chimie Thérapeutique, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- Dipartimento di Chimica & Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Orecchioni M, Bedognetti D, Sgarrella F, Marincola FM, Bianco A, Delogu LG. Impact of carbon nanotubes and graphene on immune cells. J Transl Med 2014; 12:138. [PMID: 24885781 PMCID: PMC4067374 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been recently proposed that nanomaterials, alone or in concert with their specific biomolecular conjugates, can be used to directly modulate the immune system, therefore offering a new tool for the enhancement of immune-based therapies against infectious disease and cancer. Here, we revised the publications on the impact of functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs), graphene and carbon nanohorns on immune cells. Whereas f-CNTs are the nanomaterial most widely investigated, we noticed a progressive increase of studies focusing on graphene in the last couple of years. The majority of the works (56%) have been carried out on macrophages, following by lymphocytes (30% of the studies). In the case of lymphocytes, T cells were the most investigated (22%) followed by monocytes and dendritic cells (7%), mixed cell populations (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, 6%), and B and natural killer (NK) cells (1%). Most of the studies focused on toxicity and biocompatibility, while mechanistic insights on the effect of carbon nanotubes on immune cells are generally lacking. Only very recently high-throughput gene-expression analyses have shed new lights on unrecognized effects of carbon nanomaterials on the immune system. These investigations have demonstrated that some f-CNTs can directly elicitate specific inflammatory pathways. The interaction of graphene with the immune system is still at a very early stage of investigation. This comprehensive state of the art on biocompatible f-CNTs and graphene on immune cells provides a useful compass to guide future researches on immunological applications of carbon nanomaterials in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Sadhasivam S, Chen JC, Savitha S, Chang CW, Lin FH. Application of carbon nanotubes layered on silicon wafer for the detection of breast cancer marker carbohydrate antigen 15-3 by immuno-polymerase chain reaction. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:101-111. [PMID: 24081383 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive detection of breast cancer marker, carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) by carbon nanotube (CNT) based immuno-polymerase chain reaction was reported. The study was aimed to develop a precise and sensitive method to diagnose breast cancer and its recurrence. The hydrofluoric acid (HF) treated silicon wafer layered with bundled CNT was used as the substrate. The surface was treated with HNO3/H2SO4 to graft carboxyl groups on the tips of CNT. Subsequently, polyoxyethylene bis-amine was grafted to conjugate anti human CA 15-3 antibodies. Water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, Raman spectrometer and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were employed to confirm the surface modification. The captured antibodies on the CNT were used to capture the target antigen CA 15-3 and the biotinylated secondary antibodies were subsequently bound with the target antigen. A bi-functional streptavidin was used to link biotinylated DNA to the biotinylated detection antibodies. The biotinylated target DNA was amplified by PCR, and then analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The lower limit of detection of CA 15-3 by the proposed immuno-PCR system was 0.001 U/mL, which is extremely sensitive than the other bioanalytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sadhasivam
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
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16
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CXCR3/CCR5 pathways in metastatic melanoma patients treated with adoptive therapy and interleukin-2. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2412-23. [PMID: 24129241 PMCID: PMC3817317 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adoptive therapy with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) induces durable complete responses (CR) in ∼20% of patients with metastatic melanoma. The recruitment of T cells through CXCR3/CCR5 chemokine ligands is critical for immune-mediated rejection. We postulated that polymorphisms and/or expression of CXCR3/CCR5 in TILs and the expression of their ligands in tumour influence the migration of TILs to tumours and tumour regression. Methods: Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes from 142 metastatic melanoma patients enrolled in adoptive therapy trials were genotyped for CXCR3 rs2280964 and CCR5-Δ32 deletion, which encodes a protein not expressed on the cell surface. Expression of CXCR3/CCR5 in TILs and CXCR3/CCR5 and ligand genes in 113 available parental tumours was also assessed. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte data were validated by flow cytometry (N=50). Results: The full gene expression/polymorphism model, which includes CXCR3 and CCR5 expression data, CCR5-Δ32 polymorphism data and their interaction, was significantly associated with both CR and overall response (OR; P=0.0009, and P=0.007, respectively). More in detail, the predicted underexpression of both CXCR3 and CCR5 according to gene expression and polymorphism data (protein prediction model, PPM) was associated with response to therapy (odds ratio=6.16 and 2.32, for CR and OR, respectively). Flow cytometric analysis confirmed the PPM. Coordinate upregulation of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CCL5 in pretreatment tumour biopsies was associated with OR. Conclusion: Coordinate overexpression of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CCL5 in pretreatment tumours was associated with responsiveness to treatment. Conversely, CCR5-Δ32 polymorphism and CXCR3/CCR5 underexpression influence downregulation of the corresponding receptors in TILs and were associated with likelihood and degree of response.
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Functionalized carbon nanotubes as immunomodulator systems. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4395-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zheng J, Liu P, Yang X. YB-1 immunization combined with regulatory T-cell depletion induces specific T-cell responses that protect against neuroblastoma in the early stage. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2012; 44:1006-14. [PMID: 23169344 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gms089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid cancer in childhood and the most common cancer in infancy. Currently, no effective clinical treatments are available for advanced neuroblastoma. In a previous study, we screened Y Box protein 1 (YB-1) as a potential neuroblastoma-associated antigen from sera of AGN2a-immunized mice by serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression libraries technique. The aim of this study is to explore if YB-1 immunization in the context of Treg depletion could induce protective immune response against the neuroblastoma in mice. YB-1 was expressed and purified by pET-15b prokaryotic expression system. It was demonstrated that anti-YB-1 CD8(+) T-cell responses could be induced by AGN2a immunization, and the strongest CD8(+) T-cell responses against AGN2a were induced by YB-1-immunized mice in the context of Treg depletion compared with YB-1 only immunization group and control group. Importantly, the survival rate of mice treated with YB-1 immunization combined with Treg depletion was 80% when challenged by 1 × 10(4) AGN2a cells, significantly higher than that of mice immunized with YB-1 alone (P < 0.01). Furthermore, T-cell adoptive therapy showed that the neuroblastoma growth was inhibited when T cells or splenic cells from YB-1-immunized mice with Treg depletion were transferred to AGN2a bearing mice. Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were involved in the anti-neuroblastoma responses induced by YB-1 immunization combined with Treg depletion. These results indicated that YB-1 immunization combined with Treg depletion could induce specific T-cell responses against neuroblastoma and could be a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of neuroblastoma in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Serum-free freezing media support high cell quality and excellent ELISPOT assay performance across a wide variety of different assay protocols. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 62:615-27. [PMID: 23138872 PMCID: PMC3624011 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Robust and sensitive ELISPOT protocols are commonly applied concomitant with the development of new immunotherapeutics. Despite the knowledge that individual serum batches differ in their composition and may change properties over time, serum is still commonly used in immunologic assays. Commercially available serum batches are expensive, limited in quantity and need to be pretested for suitability in immunologic assays, which is a laborious process. The aim of this study was to test whether serum-free freezing media can lead to high cell viability and favorable performance across multiple ELISPOT assay protocols. Thirty-one laboratories from ten countries participated in a proficiency panel organized by the Cancer Immunotherapy Immunoguiding Program to test the influence of different freezing media on cell quality and immunologic function. Each center received peripheral blood mononuclear cells which were frozen in three different media. The participants were asked to quantify antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses against model antigens using their locally established IFN-gamma ELISPOT protocols. Self-made and commercially available serum-free freezing media led to higher cell viability and similar cell recovery after thawing and resting compared to freezing media supplemented with human serum. Furthermore, the test performance as determined by (1) background spot production, (2) replicate variation, (3) frequency of detected antigen-specific spots and (4) response detection rate was similar for serum and serum-free conditions. We conclude that defined and accessible serum-free freezing media should be recommended for freezing cells stored for subsequent ELISPOT analysis.
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Tomasini P, Khobta N, Greillier L, Barlesi F. Ipilimumab: its potential in non-small cell lung cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2012; 4:43-50. [PMID: 22423263 DOI: 10.1177/1758834011431718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ipilimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that enhances antitumor immunity by way of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 blockade. It has already been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and is being investigated for treating other solid tumors such as renal cell, prostate and lung cancers. This review details the potential of ipilimumab in the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In particular, ipilimumab showed promising results in a first-line NSCLC phase II study combining carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy with concurrent or phased ipilimumab. The median immune-related progression-free survival was 5.68 months for the phased ipilimumab arm versus 4.63 months for chemotherapy alone (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.68, p = 0.026) and 5.52 months for the concurrent ipilimumab arm versus 4.63 months for chemotherapy alone (HR = 0.77, p = 0.094). The main adverse events were immune related, such as hypophysitis, enterocolitis, and hyperthyroidism. These adverse events may be improved with high-dose glucocorticoids and may be correlated with tumor response. Phase III studies are ongoing. Future studies may investigate ipilimumab in the management of early stage lung cancer. Strategies for potential translational research studies are also discussed to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers for the use of ipilimumab in the treatment of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Tomasini
- Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations Department, Aix Marseille University - Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille; Aix Marseille University - Inserm U911, Marseille, France
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Kono K, Iinuma H, Akutsu Y, Tanaka H, Hayashi N, Uchikado Y, Noguchi T, Fujii H, Okinaka K, Fukushima R, Matsubara H, Ohira M, Baba H, Natsugoe S, Kitano S, Takeda K, Yoshida K, Tsunoda T, Nakamura Y. Multicenter, phase II clinical trial of cancer vaccination for advanced esophageal cancer with three peptides derived from novel cancer-testis antigens. J Transl Med 2012; 10:141. [PMID: 22776426 PMCID: PMC3403921 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since a phase I clinical trial using three HLA-A24-binding peptides from TTK protein kinase (TTK), lymphocyte antigen-6 complex locus K (LY6K), and insulin-like growth factor-II mRNA binding protein-3 (IMP3) had been shown to be promising for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), we further performed a multicenter, non-randomized phase II clinical trial. Patients and methods Sixty ESCC patients were enrolled to evaluate OS, PFS, immunological response employing ELISPOT and pentamer assays. Each of the three peptides was administered with IFA weekly. All patients received the vaccination without knowing an HLA-A type, and the HLA types were key-opened at the analysis point. Hence, the endpoints were set to evaluate differences between HLA-A*2402-positive (24(+)) and -negative (24(−)) groups. Results The OS in the 24 (+) group (n = 35) tended to be better than that in the 24(−) group (n = 25) (MST 4.6 vs. 2.6 month, respectively, p = 0.121), although the difference was not statistically significant. However, the PFS in the 24(+) group was significantly better than that in the 24(−) group (p = 0.032). In the 24(+) group, ELISPOT assay indicated that the LY6K-, TTK-, and IMP3-specific CTL responses were observed after the vaccination in 63%, 45%, and 60% of the 24(+) group, respectively. The patients having LY6K-, TTK-, and IMP3-specific CTL responses revealed the better OS than those not having CTL induction, respectively. The patients showing the CTL induction for multiple peptides have better clinical responses. Conclusions The immune response induced by the vaccination could make the prognosis better for advanced ESCC patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00995358
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kono
- First Department of Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
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Kalos M. Muscle CARs and TcRs: turbo-charged technologies for the (T cell) masses. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:127-35. [PMID: 22131062 PMCID: PMC11028859 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A central role for T cells in the control of cancer has been supported by both animal models and clinical observations. Accordingly, the development of potent anti-tumor T cell immunity has been a long-standing objective of immunotherapy. Emerging data from clinical trials that test T cell immune-modulatory agents and genetically engineered and re-targeted T cells have begun to realize the profound potential of T cell immunotherapy to target cancer. This review will focus on a description of recent conceptual and technological advances for the genetic engineering of T cells to enhance anti-tumor T cell immunity through the introduction of tumor-specific receptors, both Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CAR) and T cell receptors (TcR), as well as an overview of emerging data from ongoing clinical trials that highlight the potential of these approaches to effect dramatic and potent anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kalos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Boulevard, 409-C Stellar-Chance Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283, USA.
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Yang WH, Gu HB, Chen B, Li J, Fan QW, Yuan YF, Wang X. Evaluation of SLOG/TCI-III pediatric system on target control infusion of propofol. Lab Invest 2011; 9:187. [PMID: 22044738 PMCID: PMC3221635 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The target-controlled infusion-III (SLOG/TCI-III) system was derived from a model set up by the local pediatric population for target control infusion of propofol. Methods The current study aimed at evaluating the difference between target concentrations of propofol and performance, which was measured using the SLOG/TCI-III system in children. Thirty children fulfilling the I-II criteria according to American Society of Anesthesiology were enrolled in the study. The target plasma concentration of propofol was fed into the SLOG/TCI-III system and compared with the measured concentrations of propofol. Blood samples were collected and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector. The performance error (PE) was determined for each measured blood propofol concentration. The performances of the TCI-III system were determined by the median performance error (MDPE), the median absolute performance error (MDAPE), and Wobble (the median absolute deviation of each PE from the MDPE), respectively. Results Concentration against target concentration showed good linear correlation: concentration = 1.3428 target concentration - 0.2633 (r = 0.8667). The MDPE and MDAPE of the pediatric system were 10 and 22%, respectively, and the median value for Wobble was 24%. MDPE and MDAPE were less than 15 and 30%, respectively. Conclusions The performance of TCI-III system seems to be in the accepted limits for clinical practice in children.
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