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Mueller FB, Yang H, Li C, Dadhania DM, Xiang JZ, Salvatore S, Seshan SV, Sharma VK, Suthanthiran M, Muthukumar T. RNA-sequencing of Human Kidney Allografts and Delineation of T-Cell Genes, Gene Sets, and Pathways Associated With Acute T Cell-mediated Rejection. Transplantation 2024; 108:911-922. [PMID: 38291584 PMCID: PMC10963156 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delineation of T-cell genes, gene sets, pathways, and T-cell subtypes associated with acute T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) may improve its management. METHODS We performed bulk RNA-sequencing of 34 kidney allograft biopsies (16 Banff TCMR and 18 no rejection [NR] biopsies) from 34 adult recipients of human kidneys. Computational analysis was performed to determine the differential intragraft expression of T-cell genes at the level of single-gene, gene set, and pathways. RESULTS T-cell signaling pathway gene sets for plenary T-cell activation were overrepresented in TCMR biopsies compared with NR biopsies. Heightened expression of T-cell signaling genes was validated using external TCMR biopsies. Pro- and anti-inflammatory immune gene sets were enriched, and metabolism gene sets were depleted in TCMR biopsies compared with NR biopsies. Gene signatures of regulatory T cells, Th1 cells, Th2 cells, Th17 cells, T follicular helper cells, CD4 tissue-resident memory T cells, and CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells were enriched in TCMR biopsies compared with NR biopsies. T-cell exhaustion and anergy were also molecular attributes of TCMR. Gene sets associated with antigen processing and presentation, and leukocyte transendothelial migration were overexpressed in TCMR biopsies compared with NR biopsies. Cellular deconvolution of graft infiltrating cells by gene expression patterns identified CD8 T cell to be the most abundant T-cell subtype infiltrating the allograft during TCMR. CONCLUSIONS Our delineation of intragraft T-cell gene expression patterns, in addition to yielding new biological insights, may help prioritize T-cell genes and T-cell subtypes for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco B. Mueller
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Hua Yang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Carol Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Darshana M. Dadhania
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, NewYork Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Jenny Z. Xiang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Steven Salvatore
- Division of Renal Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Surya V. Seshan
- Division of Renal Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Vijay K. Sharma
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Manikkam Suthanthiran
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, NewYork Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Thangamani Muthukumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, NewYork Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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2
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Hu J, Ascierto P, Cesano A, Herrmann V, Marincola FM. Shifting the paradigm: engaging multicellular networks for cancer therapy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:270. [PMID: 38475820 PMCID: PMC10936124 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Most anti-cancer modalities are designed to directly kill cancer cells deploying mechanisms of action (MOAs) centered on the presence of a precise target on cancer cells. The efficacy of these approaches is limited because the rapidly evolving genetics of neoplasia swiftly circumvents the MOA generating therapy-resistant cancer cell clones. Other modalities engage endogenous anti-cancer mechanisms by activating the multi-cellular network (MCN) surrounding neoplastic cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). These modalities hold a better chance of success because they activate numerous types of immune effector cells that deploy distinct cytotoxic MOAs. This in turn decreases the chance of developing treatment-resistance. Engagement of the MCN can be attained through activation of immune effector cells that in turn kill cancer cells or when direct cancer killing is complemented by the production of proinflammatory factors that secondarily recruit and activate immune effector cells. For instance, adoptive cell therapy (ACT) supplements cancer cell killing with the release of homeostatic and pro-inflammatory cytokines by the immune cells and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by dying cancer cells. The latter phenomenon, referred to as immunogenic cell death (ICD), results in an exponential escalation of anti-cancer MOAs at the tumor site. Other approaches can also induce exponential cancer killing by engaging the MCN of the TME through the release of DAMPs and additional pro-inflammatory factors by dying cancer cells. In this commentary, we will review the basic principles that support emerging paradigms likely to significantly improve the efficacy of anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Hu
- Sonata Therapeutics, Watertown, MA, 02472, USA.
| | - Paolo Ascierto
- Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy, National Tumor Institute, Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Jaber FL, Sharma Y, Gupta S. Hepatocyte Transplantation Rebalances Cytokines for Hepatic Regeneration in Rats with Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Pathway-Related Acute Liver Failure. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:27-38. [PMID: 36309105 PMCID: PMC9768683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate DNA damage response related to ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene restricts hepatic regeneration in acute liver failure. Resolving mechanistic gaps in liver damage and repair requires additional animal models that are unconstrained by ultrarapid and unpredictable mortalities or substantial divergences from human pathology. This study used Fischer 344 rats primed with the antitubercular drug, rifampicin, plus phenobarbitone, and monocrotaline, a DNA adduct-forming alkaloid. Rifampicin and monocrotaline can cause liver failure in people. This regimen resulted in hepatic oxidative stress, necrosis, DNA double-strand breaks, liver test abnormalities, altered serum cytokine expression, and mortality. Healthy donor hepatocytes were transplanted ectopically in the peritoneal cavity to study whether they could supply metabolic support and rebalance inflammatory or protective cytokines affecting liver regeneration events. Hepatocyte transplantation increased candidate cytokine levels (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-γ, IL-10, and IL-12), leading to Atm, Stat3, and Akt signaling in hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells, lowering of inflammation, and improvements in intermediary metabolism, DNA repair, and hepatocyte proliferation. Such control of DNA damage and inflammation, along with stimulation of hepatic growth, offers paradigms for cell signaling to restore hepatic homeostasis and regeneration in acute liver failure. Further studies of molecular pathways of high pathobiological impact will advance the knowledge of liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi-Luc Jaber
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Yogeshwar Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Diabetes Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Irwin S. and Sylvia Chanin Institute for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
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Rosochowicz MA, Lipowicz JM, Karwacka MI, Ostapowicz J, Cisek M, Mackiewicz AA, Czerwinska P. It Runs in the Bromodomain Family: Speckled Proteins (SP) Play a Role in the Antitumor Immune Response in Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010549. [PMID: 36614001 PMCID: PMC9820261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells and immune cells in the extracellular matrix: Depending on the tumor type and variety of TAAs (tumor-associated antigens), immune infiltrates are composed of many different subpopulations of immune cells. Epigenetic changes are also considered to be characteristic of cancer. Epigenetic factors taking part in the regulation of gene expression include the VII group of bromodomain proteins (BrD)-SP-family proteins. Here, we used transcriptomic data from the TCGA database, as well as immunological evidence from ESTIMATE, TIP, and TIMER2.0 databases for various solid tumor types and harnessed several publicly available bioinformatic tools (such as GSEA and GSCA) to demonstrate mechanisms and interactions between BrD proteins and immune infiltrates in cancer. We present a consistently positive correlation between the SP-family genes and immune score regardless of the tumor type. The SP-family proteins correlate positively with T cells' trafficking and infiltration into tumor. Our results also show an association between the high expression of SP family genes and enriched transcriptome profiles of inflammatory response and TNF-α signaling via NF-κβ. We also show that the SP-family proteins could be considered good predictors of high immune infiltration phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Anna Rosochowicz
- Undergraduate Research Group “Biobase”, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznan, Poland
| | - Julia Maria Lipowicz
- Undergraduate Research Group “Biobase”, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marianna Iga Karwacka
- Undergraduate Research Group “Biobase”, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Julia Ostapowicz
- Undergraduate Research Group “Biobase”, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Cisek
- Undergraduate Research Group “Biobase”, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Adam Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-885-06-67; Fax: +48-61-852-85-02
| | - Patrycja Czerwinska
- Undergraduate Research Group “Biobase”, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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Chen Y, Zhang B, Liu T, Chen X, Wang Y, Zhang H. T Cells With Activated STAT4 Drive the High-Risk Rejection State to Renal Allograft Failure After Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:895762. [PMID: 35844542 PMCID: PMC9283858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.895762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In kidney transplantation, deteriorated progression of rejection is considered to be a leading course of postoperative mortality. However, the conventional histologic diagnosis is limited in reading the rejection status at the molecular level, thereby triggering mismatched pathogenesis with clinical phenotypes. Here, by applying uniform manifold approximation and projection and Leiden algorithms to 2,611 publicly available microarray datasets of renal transplantation, we uncovered six rejection states with corresponding signature genes and revealed a high-risk (HR) state that was essential in promoting allograft loss. By identifying cell populations from single-cell RNA sequencing data that were associated with the six rejection states, we identified a T-cell population to be the pathogenesis-triggering cells associated with the HR rejection state. Additionally, by constructing gene regulatory networks, we identified that activated STAT4, as a core transcription factor that was regulated by PTPN6 in T cells, was closely linked to poor allograft function and prognosis. Taken together, our study provides a novel strategy to help with the precise diagnosis of kidney allograft rejection progression, which is powerful in investigating the underlying molecular pathogenesis, and therefore, for further clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianliang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yaning Wang, ; Hongbo Zhang,
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yaning Wang, ; Hongbo Zhang,
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Alfaro R, Martínez-Banaclocha H, Llorente S, Jimenez-Coll V, Galián JA, Botella C, Moya-Quiles MR, Parrado A, Muro-Perez M, Minguela A, Legaz I, Muro M. Computational Prediction of Biomarkers, Pathways, and New Target Drugs in the Pathogenesis of Immune-Based Diseases Regarding Kidney Transplantation Rejection. Front Immunol 2022; 12:800968. [PMID: 34975915 PMCID: PMC8714745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.800968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of graft rejection in kidney transplantation (KT) patients is made by evaluating the histological characteristics of biopsy samples. The evolution of omics sciences and bioinformatics techniques has contributed to the advancement in searching and predicting biomarkers, pathways, and new target drugs that allow a more precise and less invasive diagnosis. The aim was to search for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patients with/without antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and find essential cells involved in AMR, new target drugs, protein-protein interactions (PPI), and know their functional and biological analysis. Material and Methods Four GEO databases of kidney biopsies of kidney transplantation with/without AMR were analyzed. The infiltrating leukocyte populations in the graft, new target drugs, protein-protein interactions (PPI), functional and biological analysis were studied by different bioinformatics tools. Results Our results show DEGs and the infiltrating leukocyte populations in the graft. There is an increase in the expression of genes related to different stages of the activation of the immune system, antigenic presentation such as antibody-mediated cytotoxicity, or leukocyte migration during AMR. The importance of the IRF/STAT1 pathways of response to IFN in controlling the expression of genes related to humoral rejection. The genes of this biological pathway were postulated as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers of AMR. These biological processes correlated showed the infiltration of NK cells and monocytes towards the allograft. Besides the increase in dendritic cell maturation, it plays a central role in mediating the damage suffered by the graft during AMR. Computational approaches to the search for new therapeutic uses of approved target drugs also showed that imatinib might theoretically be helpful in KT for the prevention and/or treatment of AMR. Conclusion Our results suggest the importance of the IRF/STAT1 pathways in humoral kidney rejection. NK cells and monocytes in graft damage have an essential role during rejection, and imatinib improves KT outcomes. Our results will have to be validated for the potential use of overexpressed genes as rejection biomarkers that can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers and as therapeutic targets to avoid graft rejection in patients undergoing kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alfaro
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Helios Martínez-Banaclocha
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Santiago Llorente
- Nephrology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Victor Jimenez-Coll
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Galián
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Botella
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - María Rosa Moya-Quiles
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Parrado
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Muro-Perez
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Legaz
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Muro
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
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Lin E, Zhu P, Ye C, Huang M, Liu X, Tian K, Tang Y, Zeng J, Cheng S, Liu J, Liu Y, Yu Y. Integrative Analysis of the Genomic and Immune Microenvironment Characteristics Associated With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression: Implications for Prognosis and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830220. [PMID: 35677048 PMCID: PMC9168804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike early clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), locally advanced and metastatic ccRCC present poor treatment outcomes and prognosis. As immune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved favorable results in the adjuvant treatment of metastatic ccRCC, we aimed to investigate the immunogenomic landscape during ccRCC progression and its potential impact on immunotherapy and prognosis. Using multi-omics and immunotherapy ccRCC datasets, an integrated analysis was performed to identify genomic alterations, immune microenvironment features, and related biological processes during ccRCC progression and evaluate their relevance to immunotherapy response and prognosis. We found that aggressive and metastatic ccRCC had higher proportions of genomic alterations, including SETD2 mutations, Del(14q), Del(9p), and higher immunosuppressive cellular and molecular infiltration levels. Of these, the Del(14q) might mediate immune escape in ccRCC via the VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, immune-related pathways associated with ccRCC progression did not affect the immunotherapeutic response to ccRCC. Conversely, cell cycle pathways not only affected ccRCC progression and prognosis, but also were related to ccRCC immunotherapeutic response resistance. Overall, we described the immunogenomic characteristics of ccRCC progression and their correlations with immunotherapeutic response and prognosis, providing new insights into their prediction and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyu Lin
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chujin Ye
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - ManLi Huang
- Department of Operating Room, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xuechao Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaiwen Tian
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Tang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiayi Zeng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouyu Cheng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiumin Liu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Yu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Keshavarz Z, Zareei N, Afshari A, Karimi MH, Yaghobi R, Malekhosseini SA. TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression levels in liver transplant patients with acute rejection. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152107. [PMID: 34192627 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have important role in transplant outcomes by activating the innate immune system and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to graft rejection. We assessed the expression level of TL2 and TLR4 in acute rejection (AR) on the 1st and 7th-day post-transplantation. TLR2 and TLR4 expressions were evaluated by real-time PCR in both the AR group (n = 50) and non-AR (n = 50), compared with the control group. Also, the correlation of the expression levels of TLRs between both the 1st and 7th day was analyzed. ROC curve analysis was used to determine the cut-off value for TLRs expression. TLR4 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in AR patients vs. the controls on the 1st day (p ≤ 0.05) and it was down-regulated in non-AR vs. controls on the 1st day (p ≤ 0.05). Also, TLR4 expression had decreased in both AR and non-AR groups vs. control on the 7th day (p ≤ 0.05). Both TLR2 and TLR4 expression in comparison to non-AR had increased in the AR group on the 7th day (p ≤ 0.05). TLR2 expression positively correlated between 1st and 7th day in AR (r = 0.3, (p ≤ 0.05) and non-AR group (r = 0.2, p ≤ 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed a cut-off value of TLR2 up to 0.98 with sensitivity 71.05 (95%CI = 54.1-84.6) and specificity 63.27 (95%CI = 48.3-76.6) that could distinguish between AR and non-AR group (p ≤ 0.05). The data support that both TLR2 and TLR4 expression have an effective role in AR after liver transplantation and could be used as possible biomarkers for AR to choose better therapeutic strategies based on immunological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Keshavarz
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Neda Zareei
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsoon Afshari
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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9
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Voutilainen SH, Kosola SK, Lohi J, Jahnukainen T, Pakarinen MP, Jalanko H. Expression of fibrosis-related genes in liver allografts: Association with histology and long-term outcome after pediatric liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2021; 35:e14373. [PMID: 34043847 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unexplained graft fibrosis and inflammation are common after pediatric liver transplantation (LT). OBJECTIVE We investigated the graft expression of fibrogenic genes and correlated the findings with transplant histopathology and outcome. METHODS Liver biopsies from 29 recipients were obtained at a median of 13.1 (IQR: 5.0-18.4) years after pediatric LT. Control samples were from six liver-healthy subjects. Hepatic expression of 40 fibrosis-related genes was correlated to histological findings: normal histology, fibrosis with no inflammation, and fibrosis with inflammation. Liver function was evaluated after a subsequent follow-up of 9.0 years (IQR: 8.0-9.4). RESULTS Patients with fibrosis and no inflammation had significantly increased gene expression of profibrotic TGF-β3 (1.17 vs. 1.02 p = .005), CTGF (1.64 vs. 0.66 p = .014), PDGF-α (1.79 vs. 0.98 p = .049), PDGF -β (0.99 vs. 0.76 p = .006), integrin-subunit-β1 (1.19 vs. 1.02 p = .045), α-SMA (1.12 vs. 0.58 p = .013), type I collagen (0.82 vs. 0.53 p = .005) and antifibrotic decorin (1.15 vs. 0.99 p = .045) compared to patients with normal histology. mRNA expression of VEGF A (0.84 vs. 1.06 p = .049) was lower. Only a few of the studied genes were upregulated in patients with both fibrosis and inflammation. The gene expression levels showed no association with later graft outcome. CONCLUSIONS Altered hepatic expression of fibrosis-related genes is associated with graft fibrosis without concurrent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja H Voutilainen
- Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Transplantation Surgery, Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University, Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Silja K Kosola
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Lohi
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Jahnukainen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko P Pakarinen
- Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Transplantation Surgery, Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University, Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Jalanko
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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El Fekih R, Hurley J, Tadigotla V, Alghamdi A, Srivastava A, Coticchia C, Choi J, Allos H, Yatim K, Alhaddad J, Eskandari S, Chu P, Mihali AB, Lape IT, Lima Filho MP, Aoyama BT, Chandraker A, Safa K, Markmann JF, Riella LV, Formica RN, Skog J, Azzi JR. Discovery and Validation of a Urinary Exosome mRNA Signature for the Diagnosis of Human Kidney Transplant Rejection. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:994-1004. [PMID: 33658284 PMCID: PMC8017553 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing a noninvasive clinical test to accurately diagnose kidney allograft rejection is critical to improve allograft outcomes. Urinary exosomes, tiny vesicles released into the urine that carry parent cells' proteins and nucleic acids, reflect the biologic function of the parent cells within the kidney, including immune cells. Their stability in urine makes them a potentially powerful tool for liquid biopsy and a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for kidney-transplant rejection. METHODS Using 192 of 220 urine samples with matched biopsy samples from 175 patients who underwent a clinically indicated kidney-transplant biopsy, we isolated urinary exosomal mRNAs and developed rejection signatures on the basis of differential gene expression. We used crossvalidation to assess the performance of the signatures on multiple data subsets. RESULTS An exosomal mRNA signature discriminated between biopsy samples from patients with all-cause rejection and those with no rejection, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.87 to 0.98), which is significantly better than the current standard of care (increase in eGFR AUC of 0.57; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.65). The exosome-based signature's negative predictive value was 93.3% and its positive predictive value was 86.2%. Using the same approach, we identified an additional gene signature that discriminated patients with T cell-mediated rejection from those with antibody-mediated rejection (with an AUC of 0.87; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.97). This signature's negative predictive value was 90.6% and its positive predictive value was 77.8%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that mRNA signatures derived from urinary exosomes represent a powerful and noninvasive tool to screen for kidney allograft rejection. This finding has the potential to assist clinicians in therapeutic decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania El Fekih
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James Hurley
- Exosome Diagnostics, a Bio-Techne brand, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Areej Alghamdi
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anand Srivastava
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - John Choi
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hazim Allos
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karim Yatim
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Juliano Alhaddad
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Siawosh Eskandari
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philip Chu
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albana B. Mihali
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isadora T. Lape
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mauricio P. Lima Filho
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruno T. Aoyama
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kassem Safa
- Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James F. Markmann
- Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leonardo V. Riella
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Johan Skog
- Exosome Diagnostics, a Bio-Techne brand, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Jamil R. Azzi
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Abstract
Donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) in the blood circulation is an early marker of injury in solid organ transplantation. Here, we review recent evidence that indicates that dd-cfDNA may itself be a trigger of inflammation, thereby adding insult on injury. Early unresolving molecular allograft injury measured via changes in dd-cfDNA may be an early warning sign and may therefore enable stratification of patients who are at risk of subsequent allograft injury. Considering dd-cfDNA as a continuous and clinically significant biomarker opens up the potential for new management strategies, therapeutics, and ways to quantify interventions by considering the immunological potential of dd-cfDNA.
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12
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Abstract
A cancer immune signature implicating good prognosis and responsiveness to immunotherapy was described that is observed also in other aspects of immune-mediated, tissue-specific destruction (TSD). Its determinism remains, however, elusive. Based on limited but unique clinical observations, we propose a multifactorial genetic model of human cancer immune responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ena Wang
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS); Department of Transfusion Medicine; Clinical Center and trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
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13
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Park MY, Krishna Vasamsetti BM, Kim WS, Kang HJ, Kim DY, Lim B, Cho K, Kim JS, Chee HK, Park JH, Yang HS, Rallabandi HR, Ock SA, Park MR, Lee H, Hwang IS, Kim JM, Oh KB, Yun IJ. Comprehensive Analysis of Cardiac Xeno-Graft Unveils Rejection Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020751. [PMID: 33451076 PMCID: PMC7828557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine heart xenotransplantation is a potential treatment for patients with end-stage heart failure. To understand molecular mechanisms of graft rejection after heart transplantation, we transplanted a 31-day-old alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout (GTKO) porcine heart to a five-year-old cynomolgus monkey. Histological and transcriptome analyses were conducted on xenografted cardiac tissue at rejection (nine days after transplantation). The recipient monkey's blood parameters were analyzed on days -7, -3, 1, 4, and 7. Validation was conducted by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) with selected genes. A non-transplanted GTKO porcine heart from an age-matched litter was used as a control. The recipient monkey showed systemic inflammatory responses, and the rejected cardiac graft indicated myocardial infarction and cardiac fibrosis. The transplanted heart exhibited a total of 3748 differentially expressed genes compared to the non-transplanted heart transcriptome, with 2443 upregulated and 1305 downregulated genes. Key biological pathways involved at the terminal stage of graft rejection were cardiomyopathies, extracellular interactions, and ion channel activities. The results of qPCR evaluation were in agreement with the transcriptome data. Transcriptome analysis of porcine cardiac tissue at graft rejection reveals dysregulation of the key molecules and signaling pathways, which play relevant roles on structural and functional integrities of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (B.L.)
| | - Bala Murali Krishna Vasamsetti
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeollabukdo 55365, Korea; (B.M.K.V.); (H.R.R.); (S.A.O.); (M.-R.P.); (H.L.); (I.-S.H.)
| | - Wan Seop Kim
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea;
| | - Hee Jung Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Dongan-gu, Anyang 14068, Korea;
| | - Do-Young Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (B.L.)
| | - Byeonghwi Lim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (B.L.)
| | - Kahee Cho
- Primate Organ Transplantation Centre, Genia Inc., Sungnam 13201, Korea;
| | - Jun Seok Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea; (J.S.K.); (H.K.C.)
| | - Hyun Keun Chee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea; (J.S.K.); (H.K.C.)
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Nephrology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea;
| | - Hyun Suk Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea;
| | - Harikrishna Reddy Rallabandi
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeollabukdo 55365, Korea; (B.M.K.V.); (H.R.R.); (S.A.O.); (M.-R.P.); (H.L.); (I.-S.H.)
| | - Sun A. Ock
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeollabukdo 55365, Korea; (B.M.K.V.); (H.R.R.); (S.A.O.); (M.-R.P.); (H.L.); (I.-S.H.)
| | - Mi-Ryung Park
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeollabukdo 55365, Korea; (B.M.K.V.); (H.R.R.); (S.A.O.); (M.-R.P.); (H.L.); (I.-S.H.)
| | - Heasun Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeollabukdo 55365, Korea; (B.M.K.V.); (H.R.R.); (S.A.O.); (M.-R.P.); (H.L.); (I.-S.H.)
| | - In-Sul Hwang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeollabukdo 55365, Korea; (B.M.K.V.); (H.R.R.); (S.A.O.); (M.-R.P.); (H.L.); (I.-S.H.)
| | - Jun-Mo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.-M.K.); (K.B.O.); (I.J.Y.); Tel.: +82-2-2030-7583 (I.J.Y.); Fax: +82-2-2030-7749 (I.J.Y.)
| | - Keon Bong Oh
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeollabukdo 55365, Korea; (B.M.K.V.); (H.R.R.); (S.A.O.); (M.-R.P.); (H.L.); (I.-S.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.-M.K.); (K.B.O.); (I.J.Y.); Tel.: +82-2-2030-7583 (I.J.Y.); Fax: +82-2-2030-7749 (I.J.Y.)
| | - Ik Jin Yun
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-M.K.); (K.B.O.); (I.J.Y.); Tel.: +82-2-2030-7583 (I.J.Y.); Fax: +82-2-2030-7749 (I.J.Y.)
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14
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Clinical decision and immunosuppression dosing in kidney transplantation rely on transplant biopsy tissue histology even though histology has low specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility for rejection diagnosis. The inclusion of stable allografts in mechanistic and clinical studies is vital to provide a normal, noninjured comparative group for all interrogative studies on understanding allograft injury. OBJECTIVE To refine the definition of a stable allograft as one that is clinically, histologically, and molecularly quiescent using publicly available transcriptomics data. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this prognostic study, the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus was used to search for microarray gene expression data from kidney transplant tissues, resulting in 38 studies from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018. The diagnostic annotations included 510 acute rejection (AR) samples, 1154 histologically stable (hSTA) samples, and 609 normal samples. Raw fluorescence intensity data were downloaded and preprocessed followed by data set merging and batch correction. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary measure was area under the receiver operating characteristics curve from a set of feature selected genes and cell types for distinguishing AR from normal kidney tissue. RESULTS Within the 28 data sets, the feature selection procedure identified a set of 6 genes (KLF4, CENPJ, KLF2, PPP1R15A, FOSB, TNFAIP3) (area under the curve [AUC], 0.98) and 5 immune cell types (CD4+ T-cell central memory [Tcm], CD4+ T-cell effector memory [Tem], CD8+ Tem, natural killer [NK] cells, and Type 1 T helper [TH1] cells) (AUC, 0.92) that were combined into 1 composite Instability Score (InstaScore) (AUC, 0.99). The InstaScore was applied to the hSTA samples: 626 of 1154 (54%) were found to be immune quiescent and redefined as histologically and molecularly stable (hSTA/mSTA); 528 of 1154 (46%) were found to have molecular evidence of rejection (hSTA/mAR) and should not have been classified as stable allografts. The validation on an independent cohort of 6 months of protocol biopsy samples in December 2019 showed that hSTA/mAR samples had a significant change in graft function (r = 0.52, P < .001) and graft loss at 5-year follow-up (r = 0.17). A drop by 10 mL/min/1.73m2 in estimated glomerular filtration rate was estimated as a threshold in allograft transitioning from hSTA/mSTA to hSTA/mAR. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this prognostic study suggest that the InstaScore could provide an important adjunct for comprehensive and highly quantitative phenotyping of protocol kidney transplant biopsy samples and could be integrated into clinical care for accurate estimation of subsequent patient clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Rychkov
- Division of Multi-Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Swastika Sur
- Division of Multi-Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Minnie M. Sarwal
- Division of Multi-Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
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15
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Jaber FL, Sharma Y, Mui BG, Kapoor S, Gupta S. Tumor Necrosis Factor Directs Allograft-Related Innate Responses and Its Neutralization Improves Hepatocyte Engraftment in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:79-89. [PMID: 33127336 PMCID: PMC7768347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system plays a critical role in allograft rejection. Alloresponses involve numerous cytokines, chemokines, and receptors that cause tissue injury during rejection. To dissect these inflammatory mechanisms, we developed cell transplantation models in dipeptidylpeptidase-deficient F344 rats using mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus for partial lymphocyte-directed immunosuppression. Syngeneic hepatocytes engrafted in liver, whereas allogeneic hepatocytes were rejected but engrafted after immunosuppression. These transplants induced mRNAs for >40 to 50 cytokines, chemokines, and receptors. In allografts, innate cell type-related regulatory networks extended to granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. Activation of Tnfa and its receptors or major chemokine receptor-ligand subsets persisted in the long term. An examination of the contribution of Tnfa in allograft response revealed that it was prospectively antagonized by etanercept or thalidomide, which resolved cytokine, chemokine, and receptor cascades. In bioinformatics analysis of upstream regulator networks, the Cxcl8 pathway exhibited dominance despite immunosuppression. Significantly, Tnfa antagonism silenced the Cxcl8 pathway and decreased neutrophil and Kupffer cell recruitment, resulting in multifold greater engraftment of allogeneic hepatocytes and substantially increased liver repopulation in retrorsine/partial hepatectomy model. We conclude that Tnfa is a major driver for persistent innate immune responses after allogeneic cells. Neutralizing Tnfa should help in avoiding rejection and associated tissue injury in the allograft setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Luc Jaber
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Yogeshwar Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Brandon G Mui
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Sorabh Kapoor
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Diabetes Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Irwin S. and Sylvia Chanin Institute for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
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16
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Honeyman C, Stark H, Wang HC, Hester J, Issa F, Giele H. Biomarker and surrogate development in vascularised composite allograft transplantation: Current progress and future challenges. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020; 74:711-717. [PMID: 33436335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vascularised composite allograft (VCA) transplantation is now a feasible reconstructive option for patients who have suffered significant soft tissue injuries. However, despite numerous technical advances in the field over two decades, a number of challenges remain, not least the management of transplant rejection. Part of the difficulty faced by clinicians is the early recognition and prevention of acute rejection episodes. Whilst this is potentially easier in VCAs than solid organ transplants, due to their visible skin component, at present the only validated method for the diagnosis of acute rejection is histological examination of a tissue biopsy. The aim of this review article is to provide an evidence-based overview of progress in the field of VCA biomarker discovery, including immune cell subsets, immune cell effector pathways, and circulating markers of allograft damage, and to discuss future challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Honeyman
- Canniesburn Plastic Surgery and Burns Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Stark
- Transplant Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hayson Chenyu Wang
- Transplant Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Joanna Hester
- Transplant Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi Issa
- Transplant Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, United Kingdom
| | - Henk Giele
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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17
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Madill-Thomsen K, Abouljoud M, Bhati C, Ciszek M, Durlik M, Feng S, Foroncewicz B, Francis I, Grąt M, Jurczyk K, Klintmalm G, Krasnodębski M, McCaughan G, Miquel R, Montano-Loza A, Moonka D, Mucha K, Myślak M, Pączek L, Perkowska-Ptasińska A, Piecha G, Reichman T, Sanchez-Fueyo A, Tronina O, Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska M, Więcek A, Zieniewicz K, Halloran PF. The molecular diagnosis of rejection in liver transplant biopsies: First results of the INTERLIVER study. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:2156-2172. [PMID: 32090446 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis of rejection is emerging in kidney, heart, and lung transplant biopsies and could offer insights for liver transplant biopsies. We measured gene expression by microarrays in 235 liver transplant biopsies from 10 centers. Unsupervised archetypal analysis based on expression of previously annotated rejection-related transcripts identified 4 groups: normal "R1normal " (N = 129), T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) "R2TCMR " (N = 37), early injury "R3injury " (N = 61), and fibrosis "R4late " (N = 8). Groups differed in median time posttransplant, for example, R3injury 99 days vs R4late 3117 days. R2TCMR biopsies expressed typical TCMR-related transcripts, for example, intense IFNG-induced effects. R3injury displayed increased expression of parenchymal injury transcripts (eg, hypoxia-inducible factor EGLN1). R4late biopsies showed immunoglobulin transcripts and injury-related transcripts. R2TCMR correlated with histologic rejection although with many discrepancies, and R4late with fibrosis. R2TCMR , R3injury , and R4late correlated with liver function abnormalities. Supervised classifiers trained on histologic rejection showed less agreement with histology than unsupervised R2TCMR scores. No confirmed cases of clinical antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) were present in the population, and strategies that previously revealed ABMR in kidney and heart transplants failed to reveal a liver ABMR phenotype. In conclusion, molecular analysis of liver transplant biopsies detects rejection, has the potential to resolve ambiguities, and could assist with immunosuppressive management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chandra Bhati
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Michał Ciszek
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Durlik
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sandy Feng
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bartosz Foroncewicz
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał Grąt
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jurczyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Krasnodębski
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Geoff McCaughan
- Centenary Research Institute, Australian National Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Krzysztof Mucha
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Myślak
- Department of Clinical Interventions, Department of Nephrology and Kidney, Transplantation, SPWSZ Hospital, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Leszek Pączek
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz Piecha
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | | | - Olga Tronina
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Więcek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zieniewicz
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Philip F Halloran
- Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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18
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Roelands J, Hendrickx W, Zoppoli G, Mall R, Saad M, Halliwill K, Curigliano G, Rinchai D, Decock J, Delogu LG, Turan T, Samayoa J, Chouchane L, Ballestrero A, Wang E, Finetti P, Bertucci F, Miller LD, Galon J, Marincola FM, Kuppen PJK, Ceccarelli M, Bedognetti D. Oncogenic states dictate the prognostic and predictive connotations of intratumoral immune response. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000617. [PMID: 32376723 PMCID: PMC7223637 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An immune active cancer phenotype typified by a T helper 1 (Th-1) immune response has been associated with increased responsiveness to immunotherapy and favorable prognosis in some but not all cancer types. The reason of this differential prognostic connotation remains unknown. METHODS To explore the contextual prognostic value of cancer immune phenotypes, we applied a multimodal pan-cancer analysis among 31 different histologies (9282 patients), encompassing immune and oncogenic transcriptomic analysis, mutational and neoantigen load and copy number variations. RESULTS We demonstrated that the favorable prognostic connotation conferred by the presence of a Th-1 immune response was abolished in tumors displaying specific tumor-cell intrinsic attributes such as high transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling and low proliferation capacity. This observation was independent of mutation rate. We validated this observation in the context of immune checkpoint inhibition. WNT-β catenin, barrier molecules, Notch, hedgehog, mismatch repair, telomerase activity and AMPK signaling were the pathways most coherently associated with an immune silent phenotype together with mutations of driver genes including IDH1/2, FOXA2, HDAC3, PSIP1, MAP3K1, KRAS, NRAS, EGFR, FGFR3, WNT5A and IRF7. CONCLUSIONS This is the first systematic study demonstrating that the prognostic and predictive role of a bona fide favorable intratumoral immune response is dependent on the disposition of specific oncogenic pathways. This information could be used to refine stratification algorithms and prioritize hierarchically relevant targets for combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Roelands
- Cancer Research Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Hendrickx
- Cancer Research Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Raghvendra Mall
- Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamad Saad
- Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Kyle Halliwill
- Genomics Research Center (GRC), AbbVie Biotherapeutics, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Darawan Rinchai
- Cancer Research Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Lucia G Delogu
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Tolga Turan
- Genomics Research Center (GRC), AbbVie Biotherapeutics, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Josue Samayoa
- Genomics Research Center (GRC), AbbVie Biotherapeutics, Redwood City, California, USA
| | | | - Alberto Ballestrero
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Genomics Research Center (GRC), AbbVie Biotherapeutics, Redwood City, California, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche "G. Salvatore", Biogem s.c.ar.l, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Cancer Research Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
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The Biology of Immune-Active Cancers and Their Regulatory Mechanisms. Cancer Treat Res 2020; 180:149-172. [PMID: 32215869 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38862-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of cancer results from the evolutionary balance between the proliferating aptitude of cancer cells and the response of the host's tissues. Some cancers are characterized by genetic instability dependent upon impaired DNA repair mechanisms that lead to the chaotic disruption of multiple cellular functions often in excess of the cancer survival needs and may exert broad effects on surrounding tissues, some beneficial and some detrimental to cancer growth. Among them, inflammatory processes that accompany wound healing may initiate a reaction of the host against the neo-formation. This is possibly triggered by the release by dying cancer cells of molecules known as Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) following a process termed Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) that initiates an immune response through innate and adaptive mechanisms. Indeed, analysis of large cancer data sets has shown that ICD is strictly associated with the activation of other immune effector or immune-regulatory pathways. Here, we will describe how immune activation and compensatory immune-regulatory mechanisms balance anti-cancer immune surveillance and the roles that innate and adaptive immunity play including the weight that neo-epitopes may exert as initiators and sculptors of high-affinity memory and effector immune responses against cancer. We will discuss the evolutionary basis for the existence of immune checkpoints and how several theories raised to explain cancer resistance to immunotherapy represent a facet of a similar evolutionary phenomenon that we described in the Theory of Everything. We will show how the biology of immunogenicity and counterbalancing immune regulation is widespread across cancers independent of their ontogenesis while subtle idiosyncratic differences are discernible among them. Finally, we will suggest that overcoming immune resistance implies distinct approaches relevant to the immune context of individual cancers.
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Rozenblit M, Hendrickx W, Heguy A, Chiriboga L, Loomis C, Ray K, Darvishian F, Egeblad M, Demaria S, Marincola FM, Bedognetti D, Adams S. Transcriptomic profiles conducive to immune-mediated tumor rejection in human breast cancer skin metastases treated with Imiquimod. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8572. [PMID: 31189943 PMCID: PMC6561945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Imiquimod is a topical toll-like-receptor-7 agonist currently used for treating basal cell carcinoma. Recently, imiquimod has demonstrated tumor regression in melanoma and breast cancer skin metastases. However, the molecular perturbations induced by imiquimod in breast cancer metastases have not been previously characterized. Here, we describe transcriptomic profiles associated with responsiveness to imiquimod in breast cancer skin metastases. Baseline and post-treatment tumor samples from patients treated with imiquimod in a clinical trial were profiled using Nanostring technology. Through an integrative analytic pipeline, we showed that tumors from patients who achieved a durable clinical response displayed a permissive microenvironment, substantiated by the upregulation of transcripts encoding for molecules involved in leukocyte adhesion and migration, cytotoxic functions, and antigen presentation. In responding patients, Imiquimod triggered a strong T-helper-1 (Th-1)/cytotoxic immune response, characterized by the coordinated upregulation of Th-1 chemokines, migration of Th-1 and cytotoxic T cells into the tumor, and activation of immune-effector functions, ultimately mediating tumor destruction. In conclusion, we have shown that topical imiquimod can induce a robust immune response in breast cancer metastases, and this response is more likely to occur in tumors with a pre-activated microenvironment. In this setting, imiquimod could be utilized in combination with other targeted immunotherapies to increase therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Rozenblit
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wouter Hendrickx
- Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Immunology, Inflammation, and Metabolism Department, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, University of New York School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cynthia Loomis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karina Ray
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Farbod Darvishian
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Davide Bedognetti
- Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Immunology, Inflammation, and Metabolism Department, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Sylvia Adams
- Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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21
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Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell-mediated graft rejection is mostly correlated with potent Th1 responses. However, because IFNγ mice reject their graft as efficiently as wild-type (WT) mice, the exact contribution of IFNγ and its transcription factor T-bet remains a matter of debate. Here, we address this question in the context of pancreatic islet allograft to better inform the molecular pathways that hampers islet survival in vivo. METHODS Pancreatic islets from BALB/c mice were transplanted in WT, IFNγ, or T-bet C57BL/6 mice. Graft survival and the induction of effector and cytotoxic T-cell responses were monitored. RESULTS Rejection of fully mismatched islet allografts correlated with high expression of both IFNγ and T-bet in WT recipients. However, allogeneic islets were permanently accepted in T-bet mice, in contrast to IFNγ hosts. Long-term survival correlated with decreased CD4 and CD8 T-cell infiltrates, drastically reduced donor-specific IFNγ and tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor α responses and very low expression of the cytotoxic markers granzyme B, perforin, and FasLigand. In addition, in vitro and in vivo data pointed to an increased susceptibility of T-bet CD8 T cell to apoptosis. These observations were not reported in IFNγ mice, which have set up compensatory effector mechanisms comprising an increased expression of the transcription factor Eomes and cytolytic molecules as well as tumor necrosis factor α-mediated but not IL-4 nor IL-17-mediated allogeneic responses. CONCLUSIONS Anti-islet T-cell responses require T-bet but not IFNγ-dependent programs. Our results provide new clues on the mechanisms dictating islet rejection and may help refine the therapeutic/immunosuppressive regimens applied in diabetic patients receiving islets or pancreas allografts.
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22
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Immunomics of Renal Allograft Acute T Cell-Mediated Rejection Biopsies of Tacrolimus- and Belatacept-Treated Patients. Transplant Direct 2018; 5:e418. [PMID: 30656216 PMCID: PMC6324913 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Background Belatacept-based therapy in kidney transplant recipient has been shown to increase long-term renal allograft and patient survival compared with calcineurin inhibitor–based therapy, however, with an increased risk of acute T cell-mediated rejection (aTCMR). An improved understanding of costimulation blockade-resistant rejections could lead to a more personalized approach to belatacept therapy. Here, immunomic profiles of aTCMR biopsies of patients treated with either tacrolimus or belatacept were compared. Methods Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded renal transplant biopsies were used for immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis using the innovative NanoString technique. To validate NanoString, transcriptomic profiles of patients with and without biopsy-proven aTCMR were compared. Biopsies from 31 patients were studied: 14 tacrolimus-treated patients with aTCMR, 11 belatacept-treated patients with aTCMR, and 6 controls without rejection. Results A distinct pattern was seen in biopsies with aTCMR compared to negative controls: 78 genes had a higher expression in the aTCMR group (false discovery rate P value <.05 to 1.42e–05). The most significant were T cell-associated genes (CD3, CD8, and CD4; P < 1.98e-04), γ-interferon-inducible genes (CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL11, CXCL10, TBX21; P < 1.33e-04) plus effector genes (GNLY, GZMB, ITGAX; P < 2.82e-03). Immunophenotypical analysis of the classic immune markers of the innate and adaptive immune system was comparable between patients treated with either tacrolimus or belatacept. In addition, the transcriptome of both groups was not significantly different. Conclusions In this small pilot study, no difference was found in immunomics of aTCMR biopsies of tacrolimus- and belatacept-treated patients. This suggests that clinically diagnosed aTCMR reflects a final common pathway of allorecognition which is unaffected by the type of immunosuppressive therapy.
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23
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Feng S, Bucuvalas JC, Demetris AJ, Burrell BE, Spain KM, Kanaparthi S, Magee JC, Ikle D, Lesniak A, Lozano JJ, Alonso EM, Bray RA, Bridges NE, Doo E, Gebel HM, Gupta NA, Himes RW, Jackson AM, Lobritto SJ, Mazariegos GV, Ng VL, Rand EB, Sherker AH, Sundaram S, Turmelle YP, Sanchez-Fueyo A. Evidence of Chronic Allograft Injury in Liver Biopsies From Long-term Pediatric Recipients of Liver Transplants. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1838-1851.e7. [PMID: 30144432 PMCID: PMC6279538 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A substantial proportion of pediatric liver transplant recipients develop subclinical chronic allograft injury. We studied whether there are distinct patterns of injury based on histopathologic features and identified associated immunologic profiles. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 157 stable, long-term pediatric recipients of transplanted livers (70 boys; > 6 years old at time of transplantation; mean, 8.9 ± 3.46 years after liver transplantation) who underwent liver biopsy analysis from August 13, 2012, through May 1, 2014. Participants had received livers from a living or deceased donor and had consistently normal results from liver tests. Liver biopsy specimens were scored by a central pathologist; an unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis of histologic features was used to sort biopsy samples into 3 clusters. We conducted transcriptional and cytometric analyses of liver tissue samples and performed a systems biology analysis that incorporated clinical, serologic, histologic, and transcriptional data. RESULTS The mean level of alanine aminotransferase in participants was 27.6 ± 14.57 U/L, and the mean level of γ-glutamyl transferase was 17.4 ± 7.93 U/L. Cluster 1 was characterized by interface activity (n = 34), cluster 2 was characterized by periportal or perivenular fibrosis without interface activity (n = 45), and cluster 3 had neither feature (n = 78). We identified a module of genes whose expression correlated with levels of alanine aminotransferase, class II donor-specific antibody, portal inflammation, interface activity, perivenular inflammation, portal and perivenular fibrosis, and cluster assignment. The module was enriched in genes that regulate T-cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) of liver and other transplanted organs. Functional pathway analysis showed overrepresentation of TCMR gene sets for cluster 1 but not clusters 2 or 3. CONCLUSION In an analysis of biopsies from an apparently homogeneous group of stable, long-term pediatric liver transplant recipients with consistently normal liver test results, we found evidence of chronic graft injury (inflammation and/or fibrosis). Biopsy samples with interface activity had a gene expression pattern associated with TCMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Feng
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - John C. Bucuvalas
- Pediatric Liver Care Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | | | | | | | - John C. Magee
- Section of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Andrew Lesniak
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Juan J. Lozano
- Biomedical Research Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estella M. Alonso
- Siragusa Transplantation Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert A. Bray
- Department of Pathology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - Nancy E. Bridges
- Transplantation Branch; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD
| | - Edward Doo
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD; Department of Pathology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - Howard M. Gebel
- Department of Pathology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - Nitika A. Gupta
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ryan W. Himes
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Annette M. Jackson
- Division of Immunogenetics and Transplantation Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Steven J. Lobritto
- Center for Liver Diseases and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - George V. Mazariegos
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Vicky L. Ng
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth B. Rand
- Liver Transplant Program, The Children’s Hospital of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Averell H. Sherker
- Siragusa Transplantation Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Shikha Sundaram
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Yumirle P. Turmelle
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO
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The immunologic constant of rejection classification refines the prognostic value of conventional prognostic signatures in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:1383-1391. [PMID: 30353048 PMCID: PMC6265245 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immunologic constant of rejection (ICR) is a broad phenomenon of Th-1 immunity-mediated, tissue-specific destruction. Methods We tested the prognostic value of a 20-gene ICR expression signature in 8766 early breast cancers. Results Thirty-three percent of tumours were ICR1, 29% ICR2, 23% ICR3, and 15% ICR4. In univariate analysis, ICR4 was associated with a 36% reduction in risk of metastatic relapse when compared with ICR1-3 (p = 2.30E–03). In multivariate analysis including notably the three major prognostic signatures (Recurrence score, 70-gene signature, ROR-P), ICR was the strongest predictive variable (p = 9.80E–04). ICR showed no prognostic value in the HR+/HER2− subtype, but prognostic value in the HER2+ and TN subtypes. Furthermore, in each molecular subtype and among the tumours defined as high risk by the three prognostic signatures, ICR4 patients had a 41–75% reduction in risk of relapse as compared with ICR1-3 patients. ICR added significant prognostic information to that provided by the clinico-genomic models in the overall population and in each molecular subtype. ICR4 was independently associated with achievement of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 2.97E–04). Conclusion ICR signature adds prognostic information to that of current proliferation-based signatures, with which it could be integrated to improve patients’ stratification and guide adjuvant treatment.
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25
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Bakir M, Jackson NJ, Han SX, Bui A, Chang E, Liem DA, Ardehali A, Ardehali R, Baas AS, Press MC, Cruz D, Deng MC, DePasquale EC, Fonarow GC, Khuu T, Kwon MH, Kubak BM, Nsair A, Phung JL, Reed EF, Schaenman JM, Shemin RJ, Zhang QJ, Tseng CH, Cadeiras M. Clinical phenomapping and outcomes after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018; 37:956-966. [PMID: 29802085 PMCID: PMC6064662 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival after heart transplantation (HTx) is limited by complications related to alloreactivity, immune suppression, and adverse effects of pharmacologic therapies. We hypothesize that time-dependent phenomapping of clinical and molecular data sets is a valuable approach to clinical assessments and guiding medical management to improve outcomes. METHODS We analyzed clinical, therapeutic, biomarker, and outcome data from 94 adult HTx patients and 1,557 clinical encounters performed between January 2010 and April 2013. Multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the association between immunosuppression therapy, biomarkers, and the combined clinical end point of death, allograft loss, retransplantation, and rejection. Data were analyzed by K-means clustering (K = 2) to identify patterns of similar combined immunosuppression management, and percentile slopes were computed to examine the changes in dosages over time. Findings were correlated with clinical parameters, human leucocyte antigen antibody titers, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression of the AlloMap (CareDx, Inc., Brisbane, CA) test genes. An intragraft, heart tissue gene coexpression network analysis was performed. RESULTS Unsupervised cluster analysis of immunosuppressive therapies identified 2 groups, 1 characterized by a steeper immunosuppression minimization, associated with a higher likelihood for the combined end point, and the other by a less pronounced change. A time-dependent phenomap suggested that patients in the group with higher event rates had increased human leukocyte antigen class I and II antibody titers, higher expression of the FLT3 AlloMap gene, and lower expression of the MARCH8 and WDR40A AlloMap genes. Intramyocardial biomarker-related coexpression network analysis of the FLT3 gene showed an immune system-related network underlying this biomarker. CONCLUSIONS Time-dependent precision phenotyping is a mechanistically insightful, data-driven approach to characterize patterns of clinical care and identify ways to improve clinical management and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Bakir
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Eleanor Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - David A Liem
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Abbas Ardehali
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Arnold S Baas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | | | - Daniel Cruz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Mario C Deng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Eugene C DePasquale
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Tam Khuu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Murray H Kwon
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bernard M Kubak
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Ali Nsair
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Jennifer L Phung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | | | - Joanna M Schaenman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Richard J Shemin
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Martin Cadeiras
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine.
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Halloran PF, Venner JM, Madill-Thomsen KS, Einecke G, Parkes MD, Hidalgo LG, Famulski KS. Review: The transcripts associated with organ allograft rejection. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:785-795. [PMID: 29178397 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms operating in human organ transplant rejection are best inferred from the mRNAs expressed in biopsies because the corresponding proteins often have low expression and short half-lives, while small non-coding RNAs lack specificity. Associations should be characterized in a population that rigorously identifies T cell-mediated (TCMR) and antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). This is best achieved in kidney transplant biopsies, but the results are generalizable to heart, lung, or liver transplants. Associations can be universal (all rejection), TCMR-selective, or ABMR-selective, with universal being strongest and ABMR-selective weakest. Top universal transcripts are IFNG-inducible (eg, CXCL11 IDO1, WARS) or shared by effector T cells (ETCs) and NK cells (eg, KLRD1, CCL4). TCMR-selective transcripts are expressed in activated ETCs (eg, CTLA4, IFNG), activated (eg, ADAMDEC1), or IFNG-induced macrophages (eg, ANKRD22). ABMR-selective transcripts are expressed in NK cells (eg, FGFBP2, GNLY) and endothelial cells (eg, ROBO4, DARC). Transcript associations are highly reproducible between biopsy sets when the same rejection definitions, case mix, algorithm, and technology are applied, but exact ranks will vary. Previously published rejection-associated transcripts resemble universal and TCMR-selective transcripts due to incomplete representation of ABMR. Rejection-associated transcripts are never completely rejection-specific because they are shared with the stereotyped response-to-injury and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip F Halloran
- Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplant Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jeffery M Venner
- Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Katelynn S Madill-Thomsen
- Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplant Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Michael D Parkes
- Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Luis G Hidalgo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Konrad S Famulski
- Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Kunert A, Debets R. Engineering T cells for adoptive therapy: outsmarting the tumor. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 51:133-139. [PMID: 29579622 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T cells gene-engineered with antigen-specific receptors, whether it be chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or T cell receptors (TCRs), has proven its feasibility and therapeutic potential in the treatment of tumors. Despite clinical successes, the majority of patients experiences no or non-sustainable clearance of solid tumors, which is attributed to local T cell evasive mechanisms. A rapidly expanding understanding of molecular and cellular events that contribute to a reduction in numbers and/or activation of intra-tumor T cells has facilitated the development of gene-engineering strategies, enabling T cells to counter immune tolerance. Here, we present an overview of gene-engineering approaches and considerations to improve tumor-selectivity and effectiveness of adoptively transferred T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Kunert
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Reno Debets
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC-Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Muczynski KA, Leca N, Anderson AE, Kieran N, Anderson SK. Multicolor Flow Cytometry and Cytokine Analysis Provides Enhanced Information on Kidney Transplant Biopsies. Kidney Int Rep 2018; 3:956-969. [PMID: 29989006 PMCID: PMC6035131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Current processing of renal biopsy samples provides limited information about immune mechanisms causing kidney injury and disease activity. We used flow cytometry with transplanted kidney biopsy samples to provide more information on the immune status of the kidney. Methods To enhance the information available from a biopsy, we developed a technique for reducing a fraction of a renal biopsy sample to single cells for multicolor flow cytometry and quantitation of secreted cytokines present within the biopsy sample. As proof of concept, we used our technique with transplant kidney biopsy samples to provide examples of clinically relevant immune information obtainable with cytometry. Results A ratio of CD8+ to CD4+ lymphocytes greater than or equal to 1.2 in transplanted allografts is associated with rejection, even before it is apparent by microscopy. Elevated numbers of CD45 leukocytes and higher levels of interleukin (IL)−6, IL-8, and IL-10 indicate more severe injury. Antibody binding to renal microvascular endothelial cells can be measured and corresponds to antibody-mediated forms of allograft rejection. Eculizumab binding to endothelial cells suggests complement activation, which may be independent of bound antibody. We compared intrarenal leukocyte subsets and activation states to those of peripheral blood from the same donor at the time of biopsy and found significant differences; thus the need for new techniques to evaluate immune responses within the kidney. Conclusion Assessment of leukocyte subsets, renal microvascular endothelial properties, and measurement of cytokines within a renal biopsy by flow cytometry enhance understanding of pathogenesis, indicate disease activity, and identify potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolae Leca
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Arthur E Anderson
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Niamh Kieran
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Susan K Anderson
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Polyomavirus BK Nephropathy-Associated Transcriptomic Signatures: A Critical Reevaluation. Transplant Direct 2018; 4:e339. [PMID: 29464200 PMCID: PMC5811268 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent work using DNA microarrays has suggested that genes related to DNA replication, RNA polymerase assembly, and pathogen recognition receptors can serve as surrogate tissue biomarkers for polyomavirus BK nephropathy (BKPyVN). Methods We have examined this premise by looking for differential regulation of these genes using a different technology platform (RNA-seq) and an independent set 25 biopsies covering a wide spectrum of diagnoses. Results RNA-seq could discriminate T cell–mediated rejection from other common lesions seen in formalin fixed biopsy material. However, overlapping RNA-seq signatures were found among all disease processes investigated. Specifically, genes previously reported as being specific for the diagnosis of BKPyVN were found to be significantly upregulated in T cell–mediated rejection, inflamed areas of fibrosis/tubular atrophy, as well as acute tubular injury. Conclusions In conclusion, the search for virus specific molecular signatures is confounded by substantial overlap in pathogenetic mechanisms between BKPyVN and nonviral forms of allograft injury. Clinical heterogeneity, overlapping exposures, and different morphologic patterns and stage of disease are a source of substantial variability in “Omics” experiments. These variables should be better controlled in future biomarker studies on BKPyVN, T cell–mediated rejection, and other forms of allograft injury, before widespread implementation of these tests in the transplant clinic.
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mRNA Expression of Interferon Regulatory Factors during Acute Rejection of Liver Transplants in Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2018; 9. [PMID: 29531645 PMCID: PMC5839628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) can play a critical role in the regulation of many facets of innate and adaptive immune responses through transcriptional activation of type I interferons, other proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. However, their roles in transplantation immunity still remain to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the time course of mRNA expression of all 9 members of IRFs family of transcription factors during liver allograft acute rejection. METHODS Blood samples of 19 patients with autoimmune hepatitis receiving liver transplants were collected on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 post-transplantation. The patients were followed for 6 months after transplantation and divided into two groups of acute rejection (AR) (n=4) and non-acute rejection (non-AR) (n=15). RESULTS All of the studied transcription factors were down-regulated in AR-group on days 3, 5, and 7 post-transplantation compared to non-AR group. The mean±SEM IRF5 on day 7 post-transplantation was significantly (p=0.005) lower in AR-group than in non-AR group (0.7±0.21 vs. 1.91±0.27, respectively); expression of other IRFs family members was not significantly different between the two groups on days 3, 5, and 7 post-transplantation. CONCLUSION IRF5 may have an important role during the acute rejection of liver transplants.
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Cancer immune resistance: can theories converge? Emerg Top Life Sci 2017; 1:411-419. [PMID: 33525800 PMCID: PMC7289003 DOI: 10.1042/etls20170060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune oncology (IO) is challenged to expand its usefulness to a broader range of cancers. A second generation of IO agents acting beyond the realm of Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy (CIT) is sought with the intent of turning immune-resistant cancers into appealing IO targets. The published literature proposes a profusion of models to explain cancer immune resistance to CIT that largely outnumber the immune landscapes and corresponding resistance mechanisms. In spite of the complex and contradicting models suggested to explain refractoriness to CIT, the identification of prevailing mechanisms and their targeting may not be as daunting as it at first appears. Here, we suggest that cancer cells go through a conserved evolutionary bottleneck facing a Two-Option Choice to evade recognition by the immune competent host: they can either adopt a clean oncogenic process devoid of immunogenic stimuli (immune-silent tumors) or display an entropic biology prone to immune recognition (immune-active tumors) but resilient to rejection thanks to the recruitment of compensatory immune suppressive processes. Strategies aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of CIT will be different according to the immune landscape targeted.
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Bedognetti D, Roelands J, Decock J, Wang E, Hendrickx W. The MAPK hypothesis: immune-regulatory effects of MAPK-pathway genetic dysregulations and implications for breast cancer immunotherapy. Emerg Top Life Sci 2017; 1:429-445. [PMID: 33525803 PMCID: PMC7289005 DOI: 10.1042/etls20170142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of checkpoint inhibition, immunotherapy has revolutionized the clinical management of several cancers, but has demonstrated limited efficacy in mammary carcinoma. Transcriptomic profiling of cancer samples defined distinct immunophenotypic categories characterized by different prognostic and predictive connotations. In breast cancer, genomic alterations leading to the dysregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways have been linked to an immune-silent phenotype associated with poor outcome and treatment resistance. These aberrations include mutations of MAP3K1 and MAP2K4, amplification of KRAS, BRAF, and RAF1, and truncations of NF1. Anticancer therapies targeting MAPK signaling by BRAF and MEK inhibitors have demonstrated clear immunologic effects. These off-target properties could be exploited to convert the immune-silent tumor phenotype into an immune-active one. Preclinical evidence supports that MAPK-pathway inhibition can dramatically increase the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the immunomodulatory impact of MAPK-pathway blockade through BRAF and MEK inhibitions. While BRAF inhibition might be relevant in melanoma only, MEK inhibition is potentially applicable to a wide range of tumors. Context-dependent similarities and differences of MAPK modulation will be dissected, in light of the complexity of the MAPK pathways. Therapeutic strategies combining the favorable effects of MAPK-oriented interventions on the tumor microenvironment while maintaining T-cell function will be presented. Finally, we will discuss recent studies highlighting the rationale for the implementation of MAPK-interference approaches in combination with checkpoint inhibitors and immune agonists in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bedognetti
- Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Department of Immunology, Inflammation and Metabolism, Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jessica Roelands
- Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Department of Immunology, Inflammation and Metabolism, Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- Cancer Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ena Wang
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wouter Hendrickx
- Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Department of Immunology, Inflammation and Metabolism, Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
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Immunogenomic Classification of Colorectal Cancer and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102229. [PMID: 29064420 PMCID: PMC5666908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system has a substantial effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Additionally, the response to immunotherapeutics and conventional treatment options (e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies) is influenced by the immune system. The molecular characterization of colorectal cancer (CRC) has led to the identification of favorable and unfavorable immunological attributes linked to clinical outcome. With the definition of consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) based on transcriptomic profiles, multiple characteristics have been proposed to be responsible for the development of the tumor immune microenvironment and corresponding mechanisms of immune escape. In this review, a detailed description of proposed immune phenotypes as well as their interaction with different therapeutic modalities will be provided. Finally, possible strategies to shift the CRC immune phenotype towards a reactive, anti-tumor orientation are proposed per CMS.
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Buccione C, Fragale A, Polverino F, Ziccheddu G, Aricò E, Belardelli F, Proietti E, Battistini A, Moschella F. Role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in governing
T
reg depletion,
T
h1 polarization, inflammasome activation and antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:976-987. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Buccione
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Alessandra Fragale
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Federica Polverino
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Giovanna Ziccheddu
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Eleonora Aricò
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Filippo Belardelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Enrico Proietti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Angela Battistini
- Department of Infectious DiseasesIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
| | - Federica Moschella
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRome Italy
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Win TS, Murakami N, Borges TJ, Chandraker A, Murphy G, Lian C, Barrera V, Ho Sui S, Schoenfeld D, Teague J, Bueno E, Tullius SG, Pomahac B, Clark RA, Riella LV. Longitudinal immunological characterization of the first presensitized recipient of a face transplant. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93894. [PMID: 28679959 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rejection affects greater than 80% of face transplants, yet no diagnostic criteria for antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) following face transplantation have been established. Given that different treatment strategies are required to address AMR and T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR), there is a critical need to delineate the features that can differentiate these two alloimmune responses. Here, we report the longitudinal immunological examination of what we believe to be the first and only highly sensitized recipient of a crossmatch-positive face transplant up to 4 years following transplantation. We conducted gene expression profiling on allograft biopsies collected during suspected AMR and TCMR episodes as well as during 5 nonrejection time points. Our data suggest that there are distinctive molecular features in AMR, characterized by overexpression of endothelial-associated genes, including ICAM1, VCAM1, and SELE. Although our findings are limited to a single patient, these findings highlight the potential importance of developing and implementing molecular markers to differentiate AMR from TCMR to guide clinical management. Furthermore, our case illustrates that molecular assessment of allograft biopsies offers the potential for new insights into the mechanisms underlying rejection. Finally, our medium-term outcomes demonstrate that face transplantation in a highly sensitized patient with a positive preoperative crossmatch is feasible and manageable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thet Su Win
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery.,Department of Dermatology
| | - Naoka Murakami
- Schuster Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, and
| | - Thiago J Borges
- Schuster Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, and
| | - Anil Chandraker
- Schuster Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, and
| | - George Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine Lian
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victor Barrera
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shannan Ho Sui
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Schoenfeld
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ericka Bueno
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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36
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Hendrickx W, Simeone I, Anjum S, Mokrab Y, Bertucci F, Finetti P, Curigliano G, Seliger B, Cerulo L, Tomei S, Delogu LG, Maccalli C, Wang E, Miller LD, Marincola FM, Ceccarelli M, Bedognetti D. Identification of genetic determinants of breast cancer immune phenotypes by integrative genome-scale analysis. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1253654. [PMID: 28344865 PMCID: PMC5353940 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1253654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is revolutionizing the clinical management of several tumors, but has demonstrated limited activity in breast cancer. The development of more effective treatments is hindered by incomplete knowledge of the genetic determinant of immune responsiveness. To fill this gap, we mined copy number alteration, somatic mutation, and expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). By using RNA-sequencing data from 1,004 breast cancers, we defined distinct immune phenotypes characterized by progressive expression of transcripts previously associated with immune-mediated rejection. The T helper 1 (Th-1) phenotype (ICR4), which also displays upregulation of immune-regulatory transcripts such as PDL1, PD1, FOXP3, IDO1, and CTLA4, was associated with prolonged patients' survival. We validated these findings in an independent meta-cohort of 1,954 breast cancer gene expression data. Chromosome segment 4q21, which includes genes encoding for the Th-1 chemokines CXCL9-11, was significantly amplified only in the immune favorable phenotype (ICR4). The mutation and neoantigen load progressively decreased from ICR4 to ICR1 but could not fully explain immune phenotypic differences. Mutations of TP53 were enriched in the immune favorable phenotype (ICR4). Conversely, the presence of MAP3K1 and MAP2K4 mutations were tightly associated with an immune-unfavorable phenotype (ICR1). Using both the TCGA and the validation dataset, the degree of MAPK deregulation segregates breast tumors according to their immune disposition. These findings suggest that mutation-driven perturbations of MAPK pathways are linked to the negative regulation of intratumoral immune response in breast cancer. Modulations of MAPK pathways could be experimentally tested to enhance breast cancer immune sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Hendrickx
- Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha, Qatar
| | - Ines Simeone
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Samreen Anjum
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University , Doha, Qatar
| | - Younes Mokrab
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha, Qatar
| | - François Bertucci
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Marseille, France; Département d'Oncologie Médicale, CRCM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Center de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes , INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725 , Marseille, France
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Medical Oncology, European Institute of Oncology , Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle, Germany
| | - Luigi Cerulo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy; BIOGEM Research Center, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Sara Tomei
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha, Qatar
| | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari , Sassari, Italy
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha, Qatar
| | - Ena Wang
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha, Qatar
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- Office of the Chief Research Officer (CRO), Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha, Qatar
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University , Doha, Qatar
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha, Qatar
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Here, we focus on molecular biomarkers derived from transcriptomic studies to summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms associated with differential prognosis and treatment outcome in breast cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Breast cancer is certainly immunogenic; yet it has been historically resistant to immunotherapy. In the past few years, refined immunotherapeutic manipulations have been shown to be effective in a significant proportion of cancer patients. For example, drugs targeting the PD-1 immune checkpoint have been proven to be an effective therapeutic approach in several solid tumors including melanoma and lung cancer. Very recently, the activity of such therapeutics has also been demonstrated in breast cancer patients. Pari passu with the development of novel immune modulators, the transcriptomic analysis of human tumors unveiled unexpected and paradoxical relationships between cancer cells and immune cells. SUMMARY This review examines our understanding of the molecular pathways associated with intratumoral immune response, which represents a critical step for the implementation of stratification strategies toward the development of personalized immunotherapy of breast cancer.
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38
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Modena BD, Kurian SM, Gaber LW, Waalen J, Su AI, Gelbart T, Mondala TS, Head SR, Papp S, Heilman R, Friedewald JJ, Flechner S, Marsh CL, Sung RS, Shidban H, Chan L, Abecassis MM, Salomon DR. Gene Expression in Biopsies of Acute Rejection and Interstitial Fibrosis/Tubular Atrophy Reveals Highly Shared Mechanisms That Correlate With Worse Long-Term Outcomes. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:1982-98. [PMID: 26990570 PMCID: PMC5501990 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) is found in approximately 25% of 1-year biopsies posttransplant. It is known that IFTA correlates with decreased graft survival when histological evidence of inflammation is present. Identifying the mechanistic etiology of IFTA is important to understanding why long-term graft survival has not changed as expected despite improved immunosuppression and dramatically reduced rates of clinical acute rejection (AR) (Services UDoHaH. http://www.ustransplant.org/annual_reports/current/509a_ki.htm). Gene expression profiles of 234 graft biopsy samples were obtained with matching clinical and outcome data. Eighty-one IFTA biopsies were divided into subphenotypes by degree of histological inflammation: IFTA with AR, IFTA with inflammation, and IFTA without inflammation. Samples with AR (n = 54) and normally functioning transplants (TX; n = 99) were used in comparisons. A novel analysis using gene coexpression networks revealed that all IFTA phenotypes were strongly enriched for dysregulated gene pathways and these were shared with the biopsy profiles of AR, including IFTA samples without histological evidence of inflammation. Thus, by molecular profiling we demonstrate that most IFTA samples have ongoing immune-mediated injury or chronic rejection that is more sensitively detected by gene expression profiling. These molecular biopsy profiles correlated with future graft loss in IFTA samples without inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. D. Modena
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - S. M. Kurian
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA,DNA Microarray and Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - L. W. Gaber
- Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - J. Waalen
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - A. I. Su
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - T. Gelbart
- DNA Microarray and Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - T. S. Mondala
- DNA Microarray and Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - S. R. Head
- DNA Microarray and Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - S. Papp
- DNA Microarray and Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - R. Heilman
- Transplant Genomics Collaborative Group (TGCG), La Jolla, CA,Department of Transplant Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - J. J. Friedewald
- Northwestern Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - S.M. Flechner
- Transplant Genomics Collaborative Group (TGCG), La Jolla, CA,Glickman Urology and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - C. L. Marsh
- Transplant Genomics Collaborative Group (TGCG), La Jolla, CA,Scripps Center for Organ and Cell Transplantation, Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA
| | - R. S. Sung
- Transplant Genomics Collaborative Group (TGCG), La Jolla, CA,Section of Transplant Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - H. Shidban
- Transplant Genomics Collaborative Group (TGCG), La Jolla, CA,Department of Surgery, St Vincent Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - L. Chan
- Transplant Genomics Collaborative Group (TGCG), La Jolla, CA,Department of Transplant/Nephrology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - M. M. Abecassis
- Northwestern Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - D. R. Salomon
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA,DNA Microarray and Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA,Transplant Genomics Collaborative Group (TGCG), La Jolla, CA,Corresponding author: Daniel R. Salomon,
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Safety and clinical activity of pembrolizumab for treatment of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-012): an open-label, multicentre, phase 1b trial. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17:956-965. [PMID: 27247226 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1192] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck have few treatment options. We aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and antitumour activity of pembrolizumab, a humanised anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) antibody, in patients with PD-L1-positive recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. METHODS This study was an open-label, multicentre, phase 1b trial of patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Patients were eligible for enrolment if they were aged 18 years or older, had a confirmed diagnosis of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and had any level of PD-L1 expression (ie, at least 1% of tumour cells or stroma that were PD-L1-positive by immunohistochemistry). Patients received pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks. Primary outcomes were safety in the per-protocol population and the proportion of patients with centrally reviewed overall response per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST, version 1.1). Overall response was analysed in the full analysis set, which was defined as all patients who had received at least one dose of pembrolizumab, had measurable disease at baseline, and one post-baseline scan or patients without a post-baseline scan who discontinued therapy because of disease progression or a drug-related adverse event. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01848834 and is ongoing, but no longer enrolling patients. FINDINGS Of the 104 patients screened between June 7, 2013, and Oct 3, 2013, 81 (78%) were PD-L1-positive. Of these, 60 patients with PD-L1-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were enrolled and treated: 23 (38%) were HPV-positive and 37 (62%) were HPV-negative. Pembrolizumab was well tolerated, with 10 (17%) of 60 patients having grade 3-4 drug-related adverse events, the most common of which were increases in alanine aminotransferase and in aspartate aminotransferase, and hyponatraemia, each occurring in two of 60 patients; one patient developed a grade 3 drug-related rash. 27 (45%) of 60 patients experienced a serious adverse event. There were no drug-related deaths. The proportion of patients with an overall response by central imaging review was 18% (eight of 45 patients; 95% CI 8-32) in all patients and was 25% (four of 16 patients; 7-52) in HPV-positive patients and 14% (four of 29 patients; 4-32) in HPV-negative patients. INTERPRETATION Pembrolizumab was well tolerated and demonstrated clinically meaningful antitumour activity in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, supporting further study of pembrolizumab as anticancer therapy for advanced head and neck cancers. FUNDING Merck & Co.
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40
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Jin P, Zhao Y, Liu H, Chen J, Ren J, Jin J, Bedognetti D, Liu S, Wang E, Marincola F, Stroncek D. Interferon-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Polarize Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Uniformly to a Th1 Phenotype. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26345. [PMID: 27211104 PMCID: PMC4876328 DOI: 10.1038/srep26345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated T cells polarize mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to a proinflammatory Th1 phenotype which likely has an important role in amplifying the immune response in the tumor microenvironment. We investigated the role of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), two factors produced by activated T cells, in MSC polarization. Gene expression and culture supernatant analysis showed that TNF-α and IFN-γ stimulated MSCs expressed distinct sets of proinflammatory factors. The combination of IFN-γ and TNF-α was synergistic and induced a transcriptome most similar to that found in MSCs stimulated with activated T cells and similar to that found in the inflamed tumor microenvironment; a Th1 phenotype with the expression of the immunosuppressive factors IL-4, IL-10, CD274/PD-L1 and indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO). Single cell qRT-PCR analysis showed that the combination of IFN-γ and TNF-α polarized uniformly to this phenotype. The combination of IFN-γ and TNF-α results in the synergist uniform polarization of MSCs toward a primarily Th1 phenotype. The stimulation of MSCs by IFN-γ and TNF-α released from activated tumor infiltrating T cells is likely responsible for the production of many factors that characterize the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Yuanlong Zhao
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Jinguo Chen
- Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jiaqiang Ren
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Jianjian Jin
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
| | | | - Shutong Liu
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Ena Wang
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - David Stroncek
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
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41
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Guennoun A, Sidahmed H, Maccalli C, Seliger B, Marincola FM, Bedognetti D. Harnessing the immune system for the treatment of melanoma: current status and future prospects. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:879-93. [PMID: 27070898 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2016.1176529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
When malignant melanoma is diagnosed early, surgical resection is the intervention of choice and is often curative, but many patients present with unresectable disease at later stages. Due to its complex etiology paired with well-documented chemoresistance and high metastatic potential, patients with advanced melanoma had a poor prognosis, and the treatment of this disease remained unsatisfactory for many years. Recently, targeted therapy, immune checkpoint inhibition, or combinatory approaches have revolutionized the therapeutic options of melanoma allowing considerable improvement in disease control and survival. In this review we will summarize these novel therapeutic strategies with particular focus on combinatory immunotherapies and further discuss recent data derived from immunogenomic studies and potential options to improve the therapeutic efficacy of immune modulatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Guennoun
- a Division of Translational Medicine , Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha , Qatar
| | - Heba Sidahmed
- a Division of Translational Medicine , Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha , Qatar
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- b Tumor Biology, Immunology and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine , Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha , Qatar
| | - Barbara Seliger
- c Institute of Medical Immunology , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- d Office of the Chief Research Officer (CRO) , Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha , Qatar
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- b Tumor Biology, Immunology and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine , Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha , Qatar
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42
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Miller LD, Chou JA, Black MA, Print C, Chifman J, Alistar A, Putti T, Zhou X, Bedognetti D, Hendrickx W, Pullikuth A, Rennhack J, Andrechek ER, Demaria S, Wang E, Marincola FM. Immunogenic Subtypes of Breast Cancer Delineated by Gene Classifiers of Immune Responsiveness. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:600-10. [PMID: 27197066 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The abundance and functional orientation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer is associated with distant metastasis-free survival, yet how this association is influenced by tumor phenotypic heterogeneity is poorly understood. Here, a bioinformatics approach defined tumor biologic attributes that influence this association and delineated tumor subtypes that may differ in their ability to sustain durable antitumor immune responses. A large database of breast tumor expression profiles and associated clinical data was compiled, from which the ability of phenotypic markers to significantly influence the prognostic performance of a classification model that incorporates immune cell-specific gene signatures was ascertained. Markers of cell proliferation and intrinsic molecular subtype reproducibly distinguished two breast cancer subtypes that we refer to as immune benefit-enabled (IBE) and immune benefit-disabled (IBD). The IBE tumors, comprised mostly of highly proliferative tumors of the basal-like, HER2-enriched, and luminal B subtypes, could be stratified by the immune classifier into significantly different prognostic groups, while IBD tumors could not, indicating the potential for productive engagement of metastasis-protective immunity in IBE tumors, but not in IBD tumors. The prognostic stratification in IBE was independent of conventional variables. Gene network analysis predicted the activation of TNFα/IFNγ signaling pathways in IBE tumors and the activation of the transforming growth factor-β pathway in IBD tumors. This prediction supports a model in which breast tumors can be distinguished on the basis of their potential for metastasis-protective immune responsiveness. Whether IBE and IBD represent clinically relevant contexts for evaluating sensitivity to immunotherapeutic agents warrants further investigation. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(7); 600-10. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina.
| | - Jeff A Chou
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michael A Black
- Department of Biochemistry, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cristin Print
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology and Maurice Wilkins Institute, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julia Chifman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Angela Alistar
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina. Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Thomas Putti
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Center for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wouter Hendrickx
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ashok Pullikuth
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan Rennhack
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ena Wang
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- Office of the Chief Research Officer, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
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Bedognetti D, Maccalli C, Bader SBA, Marincola FM, Seliger B. Checkpoint Inhibitors and Their Application in Breast Cancer. Breast Care (Basel) 2016; 11:108-15. [PMID: 27239172 PMCID: PMC4881248 DOI: 10.1159/000445335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are crucial for the maintenance of self-tolerance and for the modulation of immune responses in order to minimize tissue damage. Tumor cells take advantage of these mechanisms to evade immune recognition. A significant proportion of tumors, including breast cancers, can express co-inhibitory molecules that are important formediating the escape from T cell-mediated immune surveillance. The interaction of inhibitory receptors with their ligands can be blocked by specific molecules. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) and, more recently, against the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), have been approved for the therapy of melanoma (anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 mAbs) and non-small cell lung cancer (anti-PD1 mAbs). Moreover, inhibition of PD1 signaling has shown extremely promising signs of activity in breast cancer. An increasing number of molecules directed against other immune checkpoints are currently under clinical development. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the implementation of checkpoint inhibition in breast cancer by reviewing in detail data on PD-L1 expression and its regulation. In addition, opportunities to boost anti-tumor immunity in breast cancer with checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapies alone and in combination with other treatment options will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bedognetti
- Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- Tumor Biology, Immunology, and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salha B.J. Al Bader
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), and Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Francesco M. Marincola
- Office of the Chief Research Officer (CRO), Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
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44
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TCR-engineered T cells to treat tumors: Seeing but not touching? Semin Immunol 2016; 28:10-21. [PMID: 26997556 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T cells gene-engineered with T cell receptors (TCRs) has proven its feasibility and therapeutic potential in the treatment of malignant tumors. To ensure further clinical development of TCR gene therapy, it is necessary to accurately select TCRs that demonstrate antigen-selective responses that are restricted to tumor cells and, at the same time, include strategies that restore or enhance the entry, migration and local accumulation of T cells in tumor tissues. Here, we present the current standing of TCR-engineered T cell therapy, discuss and propose procedures to select TCRs as well as strategies to sensitize the tumor to T cell trafficking, and provide a rationale for combination therapies with TCR-engineered T cells.
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45
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Bedognetti D, Hendrickx W, Ceccarelli M, Miller LD, Seliger B. Disentangling the relationship between tumor genetic programs and immune responsiveness. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 39:150-8. [PMID: 26967649 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Correlative studies in humans have demonstrated that an active immune microenvironment characterized by the presence of a T-helper 1 immune response typifies a tumor phenotype associated with better outcome and increased responsiveness to immune manipulation. This phenotype also signifies the counter activation of immune-regulatory mechanisms. Variables modulating the development of an effective anti-tumor immune response are increasingly scrutinized as potential therapeutic targets. Genetic alterations of cancer cells that functionally influence intratumoral immune response include mutational load, specific mutations of genes involved in oncogenic pathways and copy number aberrations involving chemokine and cytokine genes. Inhibiting oncogenic pathways that prevent the development of the immune-favorable cancer phenotype may complement modern immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bedognetti
- Tumor Biology, Immunology and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Wouter Hendrickx
- Tumor Biology, Immunology and Therapy Section, Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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46
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Bonaccorsi-Riani E, Pennycuick A, Londoño MC, Lozano JJ, Benítez C, Sawitzki B, Martínez-Picola M, Bohne F, Martínez-Llordella M, Miquel R, Rimola A, Sánchez-Fueyo A. Molecular Characterization of Acute Cellular Rejection Occurring During Intentional Immunosuppression Withdrawal in Liver Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:484-96. [PMID: 26517400 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute cellular rejection occurs frequently during the first few weeks following liver transplantation. During this period, its molecular phenotype is confounded by peri- and postoperative proinflammatory events. To unambiguously define the molecular profile associated with rejection, we collected sequential biological specimens from 55 patients at least 3 years after liver transplantation who developed rejection during trials of intentional immunosuppression withdrawal. We analyzed liver tissue and blood samples obtained before initiation of drug withdrawal and at rejection, alongside blood samples collected during the weaning process. Gene expression profiling was conducted using whole-genome microarrays and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Rejection resulted in distinct blood and liver tissue transcriptional changes in patients who were either positive or negative for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Gene expression changes were mostly independent from pharmacological immunosuppression, and their magnitude correlated with severity of histological damage. Differential expression of a subset of genes overlapped across all conditions. These were used to define a blood predictive model that accurately identified rejection in HCV-negative, but not HCV-positive, patients. Changes were detectable 1-2 mo before rejection was diagnosed. Our results provide insight into the molecular processes underlying acute cellular rejection in liver transplantation and help clarify the potential utility and limitations of transcriptional biomarkers in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bonaccorsi-Riani
- Department of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London University, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - A Pennycuick
- Department of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London University, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - M-C Londoño
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d' Investigacions Biomedicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Networked Biomedical Research Centre of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J-J Lozano
- Bioinformatics Platform, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Benítez
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d' Investigacions Biomedicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Networked Biomedical Research Centre of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Sawitzki
- AG Transplantationstoleranz, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Institut für Med. Immunologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Martínez-Picola
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d' Investigacions Biomedicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Networked Biomedical Research Centre of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Bohne
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Martínez-Llordella
- Department of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London University, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - R Miquel
- Department of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London University, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - A Rimola
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d' Investigacions Biomedicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Networked Biomedical Research Centre of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Fueyo
- Department of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London University, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK.,Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d' Investigacions Biomedicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Networked Biomedical Research Centre of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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47
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Yuan J, Hegde PS, Clynes R, Foukas PG, Harari A, Kleen TO, Kvistborg P, Maccalli C, Maecker HT, Page DB, Robins H, Song W, Stack EC, Wang E, Whiteside TL, Zhao Y, Zwierzina H, Butterfield LH, Fox BA. Novel technologies and emerging biomarkers for personalized cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2016. [PMID: 26788324 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0107-3.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The culmination of over a century's work to understand the role of the immune system in tumor control has led to the recent advances in cancer immunotherapies that have resulted in durable clinical responses in patients with a variety of malignancies. Cancer immunotherapies are rapidly changing traditional treatment paradigms and expanding the therapeutic landscape for cancer patients. However, despite the current success of these therapies, not all patients respond to immunotherapy and even those that do often experience toxicities. Thus, there is a growing need to identify predictive and prognostic biomarkers that enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the complex interactions between the immune system and cancer. Therefore, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) reconvened an Immune Biomarkers Task Force to review state of the art technologies, identify current hurdlers, and make recommendations for the field. As a product of this task force, Working Group 2 (WG2), consisting of international experts from academia and industry, assembled to identify and discuss promising technologies for biomarker discovery and validation. Thus, this WG2 consensus paper will focus on the current status of emerging biomarkers for immune checkpoint blockade therapy and discuss novel technologies as well as high dimensional data analysis platforms that will be pivotal for future biomarker research. In addition, this paper will include a brief overview of the current challenges with recommendations for future biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianda Yuan
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 New York Ave Box 386, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Priti S Hegde
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way South, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Raphael Clynes
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, NJ 08648 USA
| | - Periklis G Foukas
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics and Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland ; Department of Pathology, University of Athens Medical School, "Attikon" University Hospital, 1st Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Greece
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics and Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas O Kleen
- Epiontis GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- Italian Network for Biotherapy of Tumors (NIBIT)-Laboratory, c/o Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, V.le Bracci,16, Siena, 53100 Italy
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Stanford University Medical Center, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94303 USA
| | - David B Page
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Portland, OR 97213 USA
| | - Harlan Robins
- Adaptive Technologies, Inc., 1551 Eastlake Avenue East Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Wenru Song
- AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA
| | | | - Ena Wang
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Theresa L Whiteside
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Ave, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Yingdong Zhao
- National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Heinz Zwierzina
- Innsbruck Medical University, Medizinische Klinik, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, A-6020 Austria
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Portland, OR 97213 USA
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48
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Yuan J, Hegde PS, Clynes R, Foukas PG, Harari A, Kleen TO, Kvistborg P, Maccalli C, Maecker HT, Page DB, Robins H, Song W, Stack EC, Wang E, Whiteside TL, Zhao Y, Zwierzina H, Butterfield LH, Fox BA. Novel technologies and emerging biomarkers for personalized cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2016; 4:3. [PMID: 26788324 PMCID: PMC4717548 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-016-0107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The culmination of over a century’s work to understand the role of the immune system in tumor control has led to the recent advances in cancer immunotherapies that have resulted in durable clinical responses in patients with a variety of malignancies. Cancer immunotherapies are rapidly changing traditional treatment paradigms and expanding the therapeutic landscape for cancer patients. However, despite the current success of these therapies, not all patients respond to immunotherapy and even those that do often experience toxicities. Thus, there is a growing need to identify predictive and prognostic biomarkers that enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the complex interactions between the immune system and cancer. Therefore, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) reconvened an Immune Biomarkers Task Force to review state of the art technologies, identify current hurdlers, and make recommendations for the field. As a product of this task force, Working Group 2 (WG2), consisting of international experts from academia and industry, assembled to identify and discuss promising technologies for biomarker discovery and validation. Thus, this WG2 consensus paper will focus on the current status of emerging biomarkers for immune checkpoint blockade therapy and discuss novel technologies as well as high dimensional data analysis platforms that will be pivotal for future biomarker research. In addition, this paper will include a brief overview of the current challenges with recommendations for future biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianda Yuan
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 New York Ave Box 386, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Priti S Hegde
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way South, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Raphael Clynes
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Princeton, NJ 08648 USA
| | - Periklis G Foukas
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics and Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland ; Department of Pathology, University of Athens Medical School, "Attikon" University Hospital, 1st Rimini St, 12462 Haidari, Greece
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics and Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas O Kleen
- Epiontis GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- Italian Network for Biotherapy of Tumors (NIBIT)-Laboratory, c/o Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, V.le Bracci,16, Siena, 53100 Italy
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Stanford University Medical Center, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94303 USA
| | - David B Page
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Portland, OR 97213 USA
| | - Harlan Robins
- Adaptive Technologies, Inc., 1551 Eastlake Avenue East Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98102 USA
| | - Wenru Song
- AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA
| | | | - Ena Wang
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Theresa L Whiteside
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Ave, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Yingdong Zhao
- National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Heinz Zwierzina
- Innsbruck Medical University, Medizinische Klinik, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, A-6020 Austria
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Portland, OR 97213 USA
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49
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Rosenkranz E, Metz CHD, Maywald M, Hilgers RD, Weßels I, Senff T, Haase H, Jäger M, Ott M, Aspinall R, Plümäkers B, Rink L. Zinc supplementation induces regulatory T cells by inhibition of Sirt-1 deacetylase in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:661-71. [PMID: 26614004 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Zinc is an essential trace element, regulating immune function. Its deficiency results in immune dysfunction and transplant rejection. In here, a benefit of zinc supplementation for the induction of tolerance was investigated, focusing on the TH 1-dominated allogeneic immune reaction. METHODS AND RESULTS Allogeneic immune reaction was modeled by mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). The effect of zinc supplementation was monitored via expression of cytokines and surface lineage markers using ELISA and flow cytometry. Epigenetic analyses were performed to investigate mechanisms underlying zinc-induced changes in regulatory T cell (Treg) activation. Results reveal that Tregs are induced when MLCs are treated with 50 μM zinc causing a decrease in IFNγ production. IL-2 and IL-10 expression were not affected. The teleology of this effect includes the inhibition of histone deacetylase Sirt-1-mediated Foxp3 deacetylation, resulting in its decreased degradation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, zinc should be considered to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) as it is capable of stabilizing iTregs, resulting in increased numbers of this cell type while not suppressing the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rosenkranz
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudia H D Metz
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Maywald
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf-Dieter Hilgers
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Inga Weßels
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tina Senff
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hajo Haase
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Jäger
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard Aspinall
- Translational Medicine Group, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Birgit Plümäkers
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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50
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Abstract
Despite its long-standing status as the diagnostic "gold standard", the renal transplant biopsy is limited by a fundamental dependence on descriptive, empirically-derived consensus classification. The recent shift towards personalized medicine has resulted in an increased demand for precise, mechanism-based diagnoses, which is not fully met by the contemporary transplantation pathology standard of care. The expectation is that molecular techniques will provide novel pathogenetic insights that will allow for the identification of more accurate diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets. Here we review the current state of molecular renal transplantation pathology. Despite significant research activity and progress within the field, routine adoption of clinical molecular testing has not yet been achieved. The recent development of novel molecular platforms suitable for use with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue will offer potential solution for the major barriers to implementation. The recent incorporation of molecular diagnostic criteria into the 2013 Banff classification is a reflection of progress made and future directions in the area of molecular transplantation pathology. Transcripts related to endothelial injury and NK cell activation have consistently been shown to be associated with antibody-mediated rejection. Prospective multicenter validation and implementation of molecular diagnostics for major entities remains an unmet clinical need in transplantation. It is expected that an integrated system of transplantation pathology diagnosis comprising molecular, morphological, serological, and clinical variables will ultimately provide the greatest diagnostic precision.
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