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Pratim Das P, Jyoti Kalita M, Jyoti Talukdar A, Mohd Khan F, Dutta K, Kalita S, Goswami N, Hazarika G, Samudrala G, Ghaznavi Idris M, Dutta S, Medhi S. Evaluation and analysis of novel germline variants in ethanol metabolism pathway genes predisposition to liver disease. Gene 2023; 873:147451. [PMID: 37150234 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenetic events of liver disease are seemingly determined by factors linked to ethanol metabolism. The variations in genes encoding enzymes of the ethanol metabolic pathway can influence exposure to alcohol and thus may act as risk factors for the development of liver disease. The present study aimed to understand the genetic aspect of germline variations in ethanol metabolic pathway genes in two major categories of liver disease i.e. ALD and NAFLD. Targeted Re-sequencing was performed in the two disease categories along with healthy control followed by an assessment and evaluation of the variants in a case vs control manner. The pathogenicity prediction was evaluated using SIFT, PolyPhen, PROVEN, LRT, CADD, FATHMM, EIGEN, REVEL and VarSome, while MD simulation of a novel significant variant was performed using the GROMACS 5.1.4 package. The annotation of targeted re-sequencing results revealed 2172 variants in different locations of the genes. Upon recurrent assessment predominantly focusing on exonic missense variants from these genes of the alcohol metabolism pathway, the ALDH1L2 [c.337C>G, p.Pro113Ala, (rs199841702)] variant was found highly significant with comprehensive results. The amino acid substitution tool that predicted protein stability due to a point mutation showed a decrease in stability. The genotyping distribution of the identified novel variant in the population revealed that heterozygosity is significantly distributed in ALD patients. However, the predominant association between the inherited variant and the cause of developing disease needs further robust study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Pratim Das
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam-781014
| | - Manash Jyoti Kalita
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam-781014
| | - Anjan Jyoti Talukdar
- Department of Medicine, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, Assam-781032
| | - Faraz Mohd Khan
- School of Life sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067
| | - Kalpajit Dutta
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam-781014
| | - Simanta Kalita
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam-781014
| | - Nabajyoti Goswami
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam-781014
| | - Gautam Hazarika
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam-781014
| | | | | | - Sangit Dutta
- Department of Medicine, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, Assam-781032
| | - Subhash Medhi
- Department of Bioengineering & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam-781014.
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Zhang S, Wu H, Zhou H, Liang L. Association of alcohol dehydrogenase 1C gene *1/*2 polymorphism with alcohol Dependence(AD) in Turkey: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Lett 2018; 671:66-69. [PMID: 29438797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the association between ADH1C *1/*2 polymorphism and alcohol dependence (AD), but have yielded controversial results in Turkey. Therefore, in an effort to illustrate whether ADH1C *1/*2 polymorphism is associated with AD risk in Turkish population, we used meta analysis to synthetically evaluate the effect of ADH1C *1/*2 polymorphism on AD. Publications were identified by searching in PubMed and EMBASE databases. Four eligible studies involving 400 controls and 421 cases were included in this study. Overall, there is a significant association between ADH1C *1/*2 polymorphism and AD risk in the allelic model (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.05-2.62, P = 0.03) and recessive model (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.14-2.58, P = 0.01), while no significance was discovered in the dominant genetic model, homozygote model and heterozygotemodel. No publication bias was indicated from Begg's and Egger's test. Our meta-analysis results suggested that a potential relationship between ADH1C *1/*2 polymorphism and AD risk in Turkish population. Further studies are confirmed to resolve this question about the etiological mechanisms of the correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Zhang Road (formerly Ziyang Road), Wuchang District No. 99 Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Zhang Road (formerly Ziyang Road), Wuchang District No. 99 Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Zhang Road (formerly Ziyang Road), Wuchang District No. 99 Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Zhang Road (formerly Ziyang Road), Wuchang District No. 99 Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, Hubei province, China.
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Malhotra S, Basu D, Khullar M, Ghosh A, Chugh N. Candidate genes for alcohol dependence: A genetic association study from India. Indian J Med Res 2017; 144:689-696. [PMID: 28361821 PMCID: PMC5393079 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1018_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Search for candidate genes for alcohol dependence (AD) has been inconsistent and inconclusive. Moreover, most of the research has been confined to a few specific ethnic groups. Hence, the aim of our study was to explore specific candidate genes for AD in north Indian male population. Methods: In this clinic-based genetic association study, 210 males with AD and 200 controls matched for age, gender and ethnicity were recruited from the clinic and the general population, respectively. Cases were diagnosed with Semi-structured Assessment for Genetics of Alcoholism-II (SSAGA-II). Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping was done by real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Taq Man assay (ABI 7500) fast real-time PCR system. Results: Both at the genotypic level and at allelic frequency, Met158 variant of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) showed significant increase in cases as compared to controls. The frequency of heterozygous genotype (A/G) of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A1 (GABRA1) was significantly lower in cases as compared to controls. Likewise, for GABRA2, the frequency of homozygous recessive genotype (G/G) was significantly higher in the control group. With respect to the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) transporter long promoter region (5HTTLPR), cholinergic receptor muscarinic (CHRM2) and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) genes, there was no significant difference between the cases and the controls. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) gene was found to be monomorphic in our study population. Interpretation & conclusions: Our study findings showed COMT polymorphism conferring risk and GABRA polymorphism as a protective genotype for Indian male with AD. Genes for alcohol metabolism, serotonin transporter and cholinergic receptor gene polymorphism were perhaps not contributory to AD for Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Debasish Basu
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhu Khullar
- Department of Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhishek Ghosh
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neera Chugh
- Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, India
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Ong HH, Khor FV, Balasupramaniam K, Say YH. Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes and their association with alcoholism risk, personality and anthropometric traits among Malaysian university students. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2017; 23:160-170. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2017.1338737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hing-Huat Ong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Kampar Campus, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Foong-Vai Khor
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Kampar Campus, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Kausalyah Balasupramaniam
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Kampar Campus, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Yee-How Say
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Kampar Campus, Kampar, Malaysia
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Seng KY, Limenta LMG, Heng D, Lee EJD. Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of alcohol in Chinese and Indians in Singapore. J Clin Pharm Ther 2012; 38:141-9. [PMID: 23240771 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Interindividual variability in alcohol pharmacokinetics is influenced by a number of factors, including polymorphisms in genes mediating alcohol pharmacology, ethnicity, sex and body size. Several studies have evaluated the population pharmacokinetics of alcohol from breath alcohol measures. None of these studies, however, have evaluated ethnicity and alcohol-metabolizing enzyme genotypes as covariates in their population pharmacokinetic modelling. We aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model using clinical and genetic factors and to identify covariates that influenced interindividual variability in alcohol clearance and volume of distribution. METHODS Hundred and eighty healthy subjects (90 Chinese and 90 Indians; 45 males and 45 females from each ethnic group) ingested a vodka-orange juice mixture to simulate social drinking. Subjects were genotyped for the ADH1B (Arg48His), ALDH2 (Glu504Lys) and CYP2E1 (c.-1293G>C and c.-1053C>T) polymorphisms. A base pharmacokinetic model was developed using the nonmem software (NONMEM Project Group, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA) to determine the alcohol clearance and volume of distribution. The model was extended to include covariates that influenced the between-subject variability. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Body weight and sex significantly influenced absorption rate and volume of distribution of alcohol. Body weight and ADH1B Arg48His polymorphism significantly influenced alcohol clearance. The Michaelis-Menten elimination rate (Vmax ) was decreased by 10% in homozygous ADH1B*1/*1 subjects. Ethnicity was not determined to be a significant covariate in the final population pharmacokinetic model. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Gender and body weight were covariates that contributed most to explaining the observed interindividual alcohol pharmacokinetic variability. Of the four SNPs examined in this study, only ADH1B Arg48His polymorphism had a significant, though modest, effect on the pharmacokinetics of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Seng
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore
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Li D, Zhao H, Gelernter J. Strong protective effect of the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ALDH2) 504lys (*2) allele against alcoholism and alcohol-induced medical diseases in Asians. Hum Genet 2012; 131:725-37. [PMID: 22102315 PMCID: PMC3548401 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-1116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is oxidized to acetaldehyde, which in turn is oxidized to acetate. The aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene (ALDH2) is the most important gene responsible for acetaldehyde metabolism. Individuals heterozygous or homozygous for the lys (A or *2) allele at the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) glu504lys (rs671) of ALDH2 have greatly reduced ability to metabolize acetaldehyde, which greatly decreases their risk for alcohol dependence (AD). Case-control studies have shown association between this SNP and alcohol dependence as well as alcohol-induced liver disease. However, some studies have produced insignificant results. Using cumulative data from the past 20 years predominately from Asian populations (from both English and Chinese publications), this meta-analysis sought to examine and update whether the aggregate data provide new evidence of statistical significance for the proposed association. Our results (9,678 cases and 7,331 controls from 53 studies) support a strong association of alcohol abuse and dependence, with allelic P value of 3 × 10(-56) and OR of 0.23 (0.2, 0.28) under the random effects model. The dominant model (lys-lys + lys-glu vs. glu-glu) also showed strong association with P value of 1 × 10(-44) and OR of 0.22 (0.18, 0.27). When stricter criteria and various sub-group analyses were applied, the association remained strong (for example, OR = 0.23 (0.18, 0.3) and P = 2 × 10(-28) for the alcoholic patients with alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, or pancreatitis). These findings provide confirmation of the involvement of the human ALDH2 gene in the pathogenesis of AD as well as alcohol-induced medical illnesses in East-Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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Kortunay S, Köseler A, Ozdemir F, Atalay EÖ. Association of a genetic polymorphism of the alcohol-metabolizing enzyme ADH1C with alcohol dependence: results of a case-control study. Eur Addict Res 2012; 18:161-6. [PMID: 22414625 DOI: 10.1159/000336314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol dependence causes serious problems which may be influenced by genetic factors associated with alcohol metabolism. The aim was to investigate the allelic and genotypic difference in distribution of a polymorphism in alcohol dehydrogenase 1C gene (ADH1C) between alcohol-dependent individuals and controls, and to examine if these genotypes were associated with the age at which the patient became alcohol-dependent. METHODS We conducted a case-control study including 90 alcohol-dependent cases and 100 historic controls. The genomic DNA was isolated and the alleles were analyzed with an RFLP. RESULTS The ADH1C*1 allele frequencies were 0.89 (95% CI 0.84-0.91) in controls and 0.68 (95% CI 0.61-0.74) in alcohol-dependent patients. The frequencies of the ADH1C*2 allele were 0.11 (95% CI 0.07-0.14) and 0.32 (95% CI 0.25-0.38) among controls and alcohol-dependent patients, respectively (p < 0.0001). The ADH1C*1/*1 genotype frequency was significantly higher in the control group (77%) compared to that of the alcohol-dependents (51%, p < 0.0001). The ADH1C*1/*2 genotype frequency was significantly lower in the control group (23%) compared to that of the alcohol-dependents (42%, p < 0.0001). We obtained no statistically significant difference among the ADH1C genotype groups regarding age. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a significantly higher presence of ADH1C*2 allele is associated with alcohol dependence in a Turkish population. Studies with other related polymorphisms are needed to more precisely estimate the association of alcohol dependence with ADH1C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Kortunay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
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Li D, Zhao H, Gelernter J. Strong association of the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) with alcohol dependence and alcohol-induced medical diseases. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70:504-12. [PMID: 21497796 PMCID: PMC3142297 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) is hypothesized to affect predisposition to alcohol dependence (AD) and abuse. A variant of the ADH1B gene (rs1229984 or Arg48His; previously referred to as Arg [*1] and His [*1]) has been reported to be associated with reduced rates of alcohol and drug dependence. Different studies have produced inconclusive results regarding association between rs1229984 (or rs2066702) and substance dependence. METHODS Using the cumulative association study literature from the past 21 years from both English- and Chinese-language publications, this meta-analysis seeks to clarify the contradictory findings and to examine whether the aggregate data provide new evidence of significant association. RESULTS The results, based on a large sample size (9638 cases and 9517 controls), suggested strong associations with alcohol dependence and abuse as well as alcohol-induced liver diseases, with an allelic (Arg vs. His) p value being 1 × 10(-36) and odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) 2.06 (1.84-2.31) under the random effects model. The dominant and recessive models produced larger ORs of 2.17 and 3.05, respectively. When more stringent criteria and subgroup analyses were imposed, the associations remained consistent and were strongest in various Asian groups (allelic p = 7 × 10(-42) and OR (95% CI) = 2.24 [1.99-2.51] with ORs of 2.16 and 4.11 for dominant and recessive models, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide further strong evidence for the involvement of the ADH1B gene in the pathogenesis of alcohol dependence and abuse as well as for some alcohol-induced medical diseases in the multiple ethnic populations--in particular, certain Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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Zhang Y, Ren J. ALDH2 in alcoholic heart diseases: molecular mechanism and clinical implications. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 132:86-95. [PMID: 21664374 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is manifested as cardiac hypertrophy, disrupted contractile function and myofibrillary architecture. An ample amount of clinical and experimental evidence has depicted a pivotal role for alcohol metabolism especially the main alcohol metabolic product acetaldehyde, in the pathogenesis of this myopathic state. Findings from our group and others have revealed that the mitochondrial isoform of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), which metabolizes acetaldehyde, governs the detoxification of acetaldehyde formed following alcohol consumption and the ultimate elimination of alcohol from the body. The ALDH2 enzymatic cascade may evolve as a unique detoxification mechanism for environmental alcohols and aldehydes to alleviate the undesired cardiac anomalies in ischemia-reperfusion and alcoholism. Polymorphic variants of the ALDH2 gene encode enzymes with altered pharmacokinetic properties and a significantly higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases associated with alcoholism. The pathophysiological effects of ALDH2 polymorphism may be mediated by accumulation of acetaldehyde and other reactive aldehydes. Inheritance of the inactive ALDH2*2 gene product is associated with a decreased risk of alcoholism but an increased risk of alcoholic complications. This association is influenced by gene-environment interactions such as those associated with religion and national origin. The purpose of this review is to recapitulate the pathogenesis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy with a special focus on ALDH2 enzymatic metabolism. It will be important to dissect the links between ALDH2 polymorphism and prevalence of alcoholic cardiomyopathy, in order to determine the mechanisms underlying such associations. The therapeutic value of ALDH2 as both target and tool in the management of alcoholic tissue damage will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Guo WJ, Wang Q, Lanzi G, Luobu O, Ma XH, Wang YC, Zhen P, Wei G, Deng W, Zhuoma B, Shi XM, Liu XH, Wu YJ, Xu Y, Collier DA, Ball D, Hu X, Li T. Gender-specific interactions between alcohol metabolism genes and severity of quantitative alcohol-related-traits in a Tibetan population. Neurosci Lett 2011; 495:22-5. [PMID: 21402122 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Association between genes influencing alcohol metabolism and alcohol use disorders (AUD) has been extensively studied, but the effect of interactions between these genes and AUD have rarely been tested. Our previous case-control study in a Tibetan population noted that the positive association between c2 allele of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) gene and AUD might only exist in males who are homozygotes for 1 alleles of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) and alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B) genes, but this interaction did not reach statistical significance. Using the same set of data, the present study was aimed at exploring interactions between these genes and quantitative alcohol-related-trait scores (QARTs), and whether these are influenced by gender. The sample included 383 AUD cases with the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) score ≥10 and 350 normal controls with the AUDIT score ≤5. QARTs were measured using three factors from AUDIT. Possible associations of QARTs with interactions among genotypes of ALDH2 1/ 2, ADH1B1/2 and CYP2E1 c1/c2 and sex were analyzed in AUD cases and normal controls separately. The subjects with 2 alleles of ALDH2 or/and ADH1B had significantly lower scores of alcohol intake among controls but had significantly higher scores of alcohol related problems among cases. The score of alcohol intake in male cases who are homozygous for ALDH2 1 and ADH1B 1 and with CYP2E1 c2 allele was significantly higher than that of other cases. These findings suggest that interactions between genes influencing alcohol metabolism are influenced by gender and might affect QARTs differently between the milder-/non-drinkers and AUD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jun Guo
- Mental Health Centre Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wang LL, Yang AK, Li Y, Liu JP, Zhou SF. Phenotype prediction of deleterious nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in human alcohol metabolism-related genes: a bioinformatics study. Alcohol 2010; 44:425-38. [PMID: 20804942 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Revised: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) are thought as potential disease modifiers because they alter the encoded amino acid sequence and are likely to affect the function of the proteins accounting for susceptibility to disease. Distinguishing the functionally significant nsSNPs from tolerant nsSNPs is helpful to characterize the genetic basis of human diseases and assess individual susceptibility to diseases. Many nsSNPs have been found in alcohol metabolism-related genes but there is poor knowledge on the relationship between the genotype and phenotype of nsSNPs in these genes. In this study, we have identified a total of 203 nsSNPs in 29 human alcohol metabolism-related genes from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) dbSNP and SWISS-Prot databases. Using the PolyPhen and SIFT algorithms, 43% of nsSNPs in alcohol metabolism-related genes were predicted to have functional impacts on protein function with a significant concordance of the prediction results between the two algorithms. The prediction accuracy is about 77-81% of all the nsSNPs based on the results of in vivo and in vitro studies. These amino acid substitutions are supposed to be the pathogenetic basis for the alteration of metabolism enzyme activity and the association with disease susceptivity. The phenotype of nsSNPs predicted as deleterious needs to be clarified in further studies and the prediction of nsSNPs in human alcohol metabolism-related genes would be useful hints for further genotype-phenotype studies on the individual difference in susceptivity to alcohol-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Murthy P, Manjunatha N, Subodh BN, Chand PK, Benegal V. Substance use and addiction research in India. Indian J Psychiatry 2010; 52:S189-99. [PMID: 21836677 PMCID: PMC3146212 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5545.69232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use patterns are notorious for their ability to change over time. Both licit and illicit substance use cause serious public health problems and evidence for the same is now available in our country. National level prevalence has been calculated for many substances of abuse, but regional variations are quite evident. Rapid assessment surveys have facilitated the understanding of changing patterns of use. Substance use among women and children are increasing causes of concern. Preliminary neurobiological research has focused on identifying individuals at high risk for alcohol dependence. Clinical research in the area has focused primarily on alcohol and substance related comorbidity. There is disappointingly little research on pharmacological and psychosocial interventions. Course and outcome studies emphasize the need for better follow-up in this group. While lack of a comprehensive policy has been repeatedly highlighted and various suggestions made to address the range of problems caused by substance use, much remains to be done on the ground to prevent and address these problems. It is anticipated that substance related research publications in the Indian Journal of Psychiatry will increase following the journal having acquired an 'indexed' status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Murthy
- Department of Psychiatry, De-Addiction Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore - 560 029, India
| | - N. Manjunatha
- Department of Psychiatry, De-Addiction Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore - 560 029, India
| | - B. N. Subodh
- Department of Psychiatry, De-Addiction Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore - 560 029, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Chand
- Department of Psychiatry, De-Addiction Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore - 560 029, India
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Department of Psychiatry, De-Addiction Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore - 560 029, India
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Komorbidität von Suchterkrankungen und Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung. DER NERVENARZT 2009; 80:1015-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00115-009-2742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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