1
|
Carpenter AM, van Hoek ML. Development of a defibrinated human blood hemolysis assay for rapid testing of hemolytic activity compared to computational prediction. J Immunol Methods 2024; 529:113670. [PMID: 38604530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Cytotoxicity studies determining hemolytic properties of antimicrobial peptides or other drugs are an important step in the development of novel therapeutics for clinical use. Hemolysis is an affordable, accessible, and rapid method for initial assessment of cellular toxicity for all drugs under development. However, variability in species of red blood cells and protocols used may result in significant differences in results. AMPs generally possess higher selectivity for bacterial cells but can have toxicity against host cells at high concentrations. Knowing the hemolytic activity of the peptides we are developing contributes to our understanding of their potential toxicity. Computational approaches for predicting hemolytic activity of AMPs exist and were tested head-to-head with our experimental results. RESULTS Starting with an observation of high hemolytic activity of LL-37 peptide against human red blood cells that were collected in EDTA, we explored alternative approaches to develop a more robust, accurate and simple hemolysis assay using defibrinated human blood. We found significant differences between the sensitivity of defibrinated red blood cells and EDTA treated red blood cells. SIGNIFICANCE Accurately determining the hemolytic activity using human red blood cells will allow for a more robust calculation of the therapeutic index of our potential antimicrobial compounds, a critical measure in their pre-clinical development. CONCLUSION We introduce a standardized, more accurate protocol for assessing hemolytic activity using defibrinated human red blood cells. This approach, facilitated by the increased commercial availability of de-identified human blood and defibrination methods, offers a robust tool for evaluating toxicity of emerging drug compounds, especially AMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Carpenter
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, United States of America
| | - Monique L van Hoek
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, United States of America; Center for Infectious Disease Research, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kayongo A, Robertson NM, Siddharthan T, Ntayi ML, Ndawula JC, Sande OJ, Bagaya BS, Kirenga B, Mayanja-Kizza H, Joloba ML, Forslund SK. Airway microbiome-immune crosstalk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1085551. [PMID: 36741369 PMCID: PMC9890194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1085551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has significantly contributed to global mortality, with three million deaths reported annually. This impact is expected to increase over the next 40 years, with approximately 5 million people predicted to succumb to COPD-related deaths annually. Immune mechanisms driving disease progression have not been fully elucidated. Airway microbiota have been implicated. However, it is still unclear how changes in the airway microbiome drive persistent immune activation and consequent lung damage. Mechanisms mediating microbiome-immune crosstalk in the airways remain unclear. In this review, we examine how dysbiosis mediates airway inflammation in COPD. We give a detailed account of how airway commensal bacteria interact with the mucosal innate and adaptive immune system to regulate immune responses in healthy or diseased airways. Immune-phenotyping airway microbiota could advance COPD immunotherapeutics and identify key open questions that future research must address to further such translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kayongo
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | | | - Trishul Siddharthan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Moses Levi Ntayi
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Josephine Caren Ndawula
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Obondo J. Sande
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bernard S. Bagaya
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bruce Kirenga
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses L. Joloba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sofia K. Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité - Universitatsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany,Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany,*Correspondence: Sofia K. Forslund,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tran HTT, Peterburs P, Seibel J, Abramov-Sommariva D, Lamy E. In vitro Screening of Herbal Medicinal Products for Their Supportive Curing Potential in the Context of SARS-CoV-2. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:8038195. [PMID: 36110194 PMCID: PMC9470301 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8038195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 herbal medicinal products may have the potential for symptom relief in nonsevere or moderate disease cases. In this in vitro study we screened the five herbal medicinal products Sinupret extract (SINx), Bronchipret thyme-ivy (BRO-TE), Bronchipret thyme-primula (BRO TP), Imupret (IMU), and Tonsipret (TOP) with regard to their potential to (i) interfere with the binding of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor with the SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein, (ii) modulate the release of the human defensin HBD1 and cathelicidin LL-37 from human A549 lung cells upon spike S1 protein stimulation, and (iii) modulate the release of IFN-γ from activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The effect of the extracts on the interaction of spike S1 protein and the human ACE2 receptor was measured by ELISA. The effects on the intracellular IFN-γ expression in stimulated human PBMC were measured by flow cytometry. Regulation of HBD1 and LL-37 expression and secretion was assessed in 25 d long-term cultured human lung A549 epithelial cells by RT-PCR and ELISA. IMU and BRO-TE concentration-dependently inhibited the interaction between spike S1 protein and the ACE2 receptor. SINx, TOP, and BRO-TE significantly upregulated the intracellular expression of anti-viral IFN-γ from stimulated PBMC. Cotreatment of A549 cells with IMU or BRO TP together with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein significantly upregulated mRNA expression (IMU) and release of HBD1 (IMU and BRO TP) and LL-37 (BRO TP). The in vitro screening results provide first evidence for an immune-activating potential of some of the tested herbal medicinal extracts in the context of SARS-CoV-2. Whether these could be supportive in symptom relief or curing from SARS-CoV-2 infection needs deeper understanding of the observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoai Thi Thu Tran
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University of Freiburg, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Engesserstraße 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Jan Seibel
- Bionorica SE, Kerschensteinerstraße 11-15, 92318 Neumarkt, Germany
| | | | - Evelyn Lamy
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University of Freiburg, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Engesserstraße 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Host Defence Peptides in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients with Periodontal Disease. A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122210. [PMID: 34943445 PMCID: PMC8700015 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to critically assess and review the latest evidence relating the associations between host defence peptides (HDPs), periodontal diseases (PD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). To explore studies on HDPs, periodontal disease, and DM2, researchers utilised specific key phrases to search the electronic databases PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Embase (Ovid), Medline (EBSCO), and Dentistry and Oral Sciences (EBSCO). Quality assessment was conducted by means of the Newcastle Ottawa scale and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool. Following a thorough screening process, a total of 12 papers (4 case-control, 6 cross-sectional, 1 animal, and 1 in vitro) fulfilled the selection criteria and were included. The majority of research found that HDPs were upregulated in DM2 patients with PD. Three investigations, however, found that HDPs were downregulated in DM2 patients with PD. HDPs play a part in the pathophysiology of PD and DM2. Nonetheless, more human, animal and laboratory investigations are needed to fully understand validation of the link, as the evidence is limited. Understanding HDPs as common moderators is critical, aimed at unlocking their potential as therapeutic and diagnostic agents.
Collapse
|
5
|
Carlier FM, de Fays C, Pilette C. Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:691227. [PMID: 34248677 PMCID: PMC8264588 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.691227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells, which provide a complex and adaptive module that ensures first-line defense against external toxics, irritants, antigens, and pathogens. The underlying mechanisms of host protection encompass multiple physical, chemical, and immune pathways. In the lung, inhaled agents continually challenge the airway epithelial barrier, which is altered in chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, or pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we describe the epithelial barrier abnormalities that are observed in such disorders and summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms driving impaired barrier function, which could represent targets of future therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François M. Carlier
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology and Lung Transplant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Charlotte de Fays
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kaur G, Batra S. Regulation of DNA methylation signatures on NF-κB and STAT3 pathway genes and TET activity in cigarette smoke extract-challenged cells/COPD exacerbation model in vitro. Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 36:459-480. [PMID: 32342329 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge about the pathobiology of this disease and available therapies are ineffective. Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD; however, not all smokers develop COPD. Exacerbations of COPD caused by microbes are common and detrimental. Approximately 20-50% of patient exacerbations are caused by bacterial colonization in the lower airways. It is generally accepted that epigenetic mechanisms, especially DNA methylation, play an important role during progression of COPD. Thus, we hypothesized that DNA methylation patterns vary significantly following smoke exposure and during exacerbations caused by bacterial infections. To test our hypothesis, we used an in vitro study model that mimics COPD exacerbations and performed extensive studies to understand the role of CpG promoter methylation of NF-κB and STAT3-mediated pathway genes. Both NF-κB and STAT3 transcription factors play critical roles in orchestrating inflammatory responses during cigarette smoke exposure. In brief, human lung adenocarcinoma cells with type II alveolar epithelium characteristics (A549) were challenged with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or DMSO (control) followed by a 3-h challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; from Pseudomonas aeruginosa) prior to the termination of CSE exposure (COPD exacerbation group). The production of cytokines/chemokines, regulation of transcription factors, and DNA methylation of specific genes were then assessed. We also studied changes in the expression and activity of ten-eleven translocases (TETs), the enzymes responsible for DNA demethylation, and assessed their role in regulating DNA methylation in the CSE-challenged group. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the release of cytokines/chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, IL-6 and CCL5) in the COPD exacerbation group as compared to the control group. Hypomethylation of NF-κB-mediated pathway genes correlated with their induction in our COPD exacerbation study model. Further, we observed an important role of TET1/2 in regulating the DNA methylation of NF-κB, STAT3, IKK, and NIK genes and cytokine/chemokine production by A549 cells during CSE challenge. CONCLUSIONS Studies to further define the role of TETs in CSE-mediated epigenetic regulation may lead to the development of better and more effective therapeutic intervention strategies for COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Sanjay Batra
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elgharib I, Khashaba SA, Elsaid HH, Sharaf MM. Serum elafin as a potential inflammatory marker in psoriasis. Int J Dermatol 2018; 58:205-209. [PMID: 30198145 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a distressing chronic skin disease. Its exact pathogenesis is still unclear, as many factors interplay in its occurrence. AIM The aim of the study is to estimate elafin levels in the serum of both cases and controls and to correlate the levels with psoriasis severity and other markers of inflammation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-six psoriatic cases along with 26 healthy controls were assigned in this case-control study. Psoriasis severity was determined by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score. Elafin levels were measured by ELISA in serum of both cases and controls. C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured in the cases. RESULTS Elafin levels show highly statistical significance difference (P < 0.001) between cases and controls. There is a statistical significant correlation between elafin levels and both psoriasis severity and inflammation markers as CRP and ESR. CONCLUSION Elafin represents a mirror for psoriasis severity and inflammatory state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Elgharib
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shrook A Khashaba
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Elsaid
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona M Sharaf
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh DP, Kaur G, Bagam P, Pinkston R, Batra S. Membrane microdomains regulate NLRP10- and NLRP12-dependent signalling in A549 cells challenged with cigarette smoke extract. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1767-1783. [PMID: 29623357 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is predicted to become the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide by 2030; with cigarette smoking (active or passive) being one of the chief cause of its occurrence. Cigarette smoke exposure has been found to result in excessive inflammation and tissue injury, which might lead to COPD, although the exact pathophysiology of the disease remains elusive. While previous studies have demonstrated the role of membrane-bound Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced inflammation, scant information is available about the role of cytosolic NOD-like receptors (NLRs) in regulating CS-mediated inflammatory responses. Thus, we investigated the role of NLRP10 and NLRP12 in regulating inflammatory responses in human alveolar type II epithelial cells (A549) and human monocytic cells (THP-1) in response to a challenge with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). We observed CSE-mediated increase in caspase-1 activity; production of IL-1β and IL-18; and expression of NLRP10 and NLRP12 in A549 and THP-1 cells. Interestingly, immunofluorescence imaging results demonstrated an increase in the membrane recruitment of NLRP10 and NLRP12 proteins in CSE-challenged A549 cells. We also observed an increase in the expression of lipid raft proteins (caveolin-1, caveolin-2, and flotillin-1) and an induction of lipid raft assembly following CSE-exposure in A549 cells. Lipid rafts are cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains well known to act as harbours for signalling molecules. Here we demonstrate the recruitment of NLRP10 and NLRP12 in lipid raft entities as well as the interaction of NLRP12 with the lipid raft protein caveolin-1 in CSE-challenged A549 cells. Furthermore, enrichment of lipid raft entities with poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) rescued A549 cells from CSE-mediated membrane recruitment of NLRP10 and NLRP12, and also from inflammatory responses and inflammasome activation. Enrichment of membrane microdomains with PUFA was able to reverse filipin (chemical agent used for disrupting lipid rafts)-mediated enhanced inflammation in CSE-challenged A549 cells. Overall, our findings unveil a novel mechanism by identifying an important role of membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) in regulating CSE-induced inflammation and NLRP10/NLRP12-dependent signalling in A549 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra P Singh
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immuno-toxicology, Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immuno-toxicology, Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Prathyusha Bagam
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immuno-toxicology, Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Rakeysha Pinkston
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immuno-toxicology, Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Sanjay Batra
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immuno-toxicology, Environmental Toxicology Department, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA. .,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kaur G, Bagam P, Pinkston R, Singh DP, Batra S. Cigarette smoke-induced inflammation: NLRP10-mediated mechanisms. Toxicology 2018; 398-399:52-67. [PMID: 29501574 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive, life-threatening disease that causes irreversible lung damage. Cigarette smoking is the chief etiologic factor for the commencement of this condition. Despite constant efforts to develop therapeutic interventions and to ascertain the molecular mechanism leading to the pathophysiology of this disease, much remains unknown. However, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), i.e., Toll-like-receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are believed to play important roles in COPD and could serve as effective therapeutic targets. Although the role of TLRs in COPD has been well studied, the importance of NLRs has not yet been explored in detail. The NLR family member NLRP10 (aka NOD8, PAN5, PYNOD) is the only member of this family of proteins that lacks the leucine rich repeat (LRR) domain responsible for detection of pathogen and danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs). Therefore, instead of functioning as a PRR, NLRP10 may have a broader regulatory role. To elucidate the role of NLRP10 in secondhand smoke (SHS)-induced inflammation, we exposed C57Bl/6 (WT) and Nlrp10-deficient mice (Nlrp10-/-) on the C57Bl/6 background to filtered air- or SHS- for 6 weeks (acute exposure) and assessed the resulting molecular events. Leukocyte recruitment in SHS-exposed Nlrp10-/- mice was found to be significantly lower compared to SHS-exposed WT mice. In addition, we observed an important role for NLRP10 in SHS-mediated caspase-1 activation, cytokine/chemokine production (IL-1β, IL-18, MCP-1 and IL-17A), and induction of NF-κB and MAPKs in the lungs of C57Bl/6 mice. The reduced influx of CD4+IL-17A+ and CD8+IL-17A+ cells into the lungs of SHS-exposed Nlrp10-/- mice and impaired differentiation of Nlrp10-/- Th0 cells into Th17 cells (ex vivo) provide insight into the mechanistic details underlying NLRP10-dependent IL-17 production. We further substantiated our in vivo findings by challenging human alveolar type II epithelial cells (A549) transfected with scrambled- or Nlrp10-siRNA with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). We observed an important role of NLRP10 in cytokine and chemokine production as well as expression of NF-κB and MAPKs in CSE-exposed A549 cells. Furthermore, replenishment of A549 cell culture with recombinant IL-17A (rIL-17A) during NLRP10 knockdown rescued CSE-induced inflammatory responses. To identify upstream mediators of NLRP10 regulation we investigated epigenetic markers within the Nlrp10 promoter following cigarette smoke exposure and observed significant changes in active as well as repressive gene markers on histone 3 and histone 4 using both in vivo and in vitro study models. Further, alterations in the respective histone acetyl- and methyltransferases (PCAF, SET1, ESET, SUV20H1) correlated well with the observed histone modifications. Overall, our findings suggest a novel role of epigenetically regulated NLRP10 in Th17/IL-17 signaling during CS exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immuno-toxicology, Environmental Toxicology Department, Health Research Center, College of Sciences and Engineering, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, United States
| | - Prathyusha Bagam
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immuno-toxicology, Environmental Toxicology Department, Health Research Center, College of Sciences and Engineering, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, United States
| | - Rakeysha Pinkston
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immuno-toxicology, Environmental Toxicology Department, Health Research Center, College of Sciences and Engineering, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, United States
| | - Dhirendra P Singh
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immuno-toxicology, Environmental Toxicology Department, Health Research Center, College of Sciences and Engineering, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, United States
| | - Sanjay Batra
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immuno-toxicology, Environmental Toxicology Department, Health Research Center, College of Sciences and Engineering, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, United States; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Haque S, Sinha N, Ranjit S, Midde NM, Kashanchi F, Kumar S. Monocyte-derived exosomes upon exposure to cigarette smoke condensate alter their characteristics and show protective effect against cytotoxicity and HIV-1 replication. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16120. [PMID: 29170447 PMCID: PMC5701054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is known to exacerbate HIV-1 pathogenesis, especially in monocytes, through the oxidative stress pathway. Exosomes are known to alter HIV-1 pathogenesis through inter-cellular communication. However, the role of exosomes in smoking-mediated HIV-1 pathogenesis is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on the characteristics of monocyte-derived exosomes and their influence on HIV-1 replication. Initially, we demonstrated that CSC reduced total protein and antioxidant capacity in exosomes derived from HIV-1-infected and uninfected macrophages. The exosomes from CSC-treated uninfected cells showed a protective effect against cytotoxicity and viral replication in HIV-1-infected macrophages. However, exosomes derived from HIV-1-infected cells lost their protective capacity. The results suggest that the exosomal defense is likely to be more effective during the early phase of HIV-1 infection and diminishes at the latter phase. Furthermore, we showed CSC-mediated upregulation of catalase in exosomes from uninfected cells, with a decrease in the levels of catalase and PRDX6 in exosomes derived from HIV-1-infected cells. These results suggest a potential role of antioxidant enzymes, which are differentially packaged into CSC-exposed HIV-1-infected and uninfected cell-derived exosomes, on HIV-1 replication of recipient cells. Overall, our study suggests a novel role of exosomes in tobacco-mediated HIV-1 pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Namita Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Sabina Ranjit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Narasimha M Midde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li S, Schmalz G, Schmidt J, Krause F, Haak R, Ziebolz D. Antimicrobial peptides as a possible interlink between periodontal diseases and its risk factors: A systematic review. J Periodontal Res 2017; 53:145-155. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Li
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - G. Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - J. Schmidt
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - F. Krause
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - R. Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - D. Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
McGlasson SL, Semple F, MacPherson H, Gray M, Davidson DJ, Dorin JR. Human β-defensin 3 increases the TLR9-dependent response to bacterial DNA. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:658-664. [PMID: 28102569 PMCID: PMC5412915 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) is a cationic antimicrobial peptide with potent bactericidal activity in vitro. HBD3 is produced in response to pathogen challenge and can modulate immune responses. The amplified recognition of self-DNA by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells has been previously reported, but we show here that hBD3 preferentially enhances the response to bacterial DNA in mouse Flt-3 induced dendritic cells (FLDCs) and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We show the effect is mediated through TLR9 and although hBD3 significantly increases the cellular uptake of both E. coli and self-DNA in mouse FLDCs, only the response to bacterial DNA is enhanced. Liposome transfection also increases uptake of bacterial DNA and amplifies the TLR9-dependent response. In contrast to hBD3, lipofection of self-DNA enhances inflammatory signaling, but the response is predominantly TLR9-independent. Together, these data show that hBD3 has a role in the innate immune-mediated response to pathogen DNA, increasing inflammatory signaling and promoting activation of the adaptive immune system via antigen presenting cells including dendritic cells. Therefore, our data identify an additional immunomodulatory role for this copy-number variable defensin, of relevance to host defence against infection and indicate a potential for the inclusion of HBD3 in pathogen DNA-based vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona Semple
- MRC Human Genetics UnitIGMMUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Mohini Gray
- MRC Centre for Inflammation ResearchQMRIUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Donald J. Davidson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation ResearchQMRIUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Julia R. Dorin
- MRC Human Genetics UnitIGMMUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- MRC Centre for Inflammation ResearchQMRIUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jimenez FR, Lewis JB, Belgique ST, Milner DC, Lewis AL, Dunaway TM, Egbert KM, Winden DR, Arroyo JA, Reynolds PR. Cigarette smoke and decreased oxygen tension inhibit pulmonary claudin-6 expression. Exp Lung Res 2016; 42:440-452. [PMID: 27982694 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2016.1261309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a condition involving perturbed barrier integrity coincident with both emphysema and inflammation of the airways, and smoking is considered a major risk factor. Claudins (Cldns) stabilize barriers and contribute to tight junctions by preventing paracellular transport of extracellular fluid constituents. METHODS To determine Cldn6 was differentially influenced by tobacco smoke, Cldn6 was evaluated in cells and tissues by q-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry following exposure. Cldn6 transcriptional regulation was also assessed using luciferase reporter constructs. RESULTS Q-PCR and immunoblotting revealed that Cldn6 was decreased in alveolar type II-like epithelial cells (A549) and primary small airway epithelial cells when exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Cldn6 was also markedly decreased in the lungs of mice exposed to acute tobacco smoke delivered by a nose-only automated smoke machine compared to controls. Luciferase reporter assays incorporating 0.5-kb, 1.0-kb, or 2.0-kb of the Cldn6 promoter revealed decreased transcription of Cldn6 following exposure to CSE. Cldn6 transcriptional regulation was also assessed in hypoxic conditions due to low oxygen tension observed during smoking. Hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha caused decreased transcription of the Cldn6 gene via interactions with putative response elements in the proximal promoter sequence. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that tight junctional proteins such as Cldn6 are differentially regulated by tobacco-smoke exposure and that Cldns are potentially targeted when epithelial cells respond to tobacco smoke. Further research may show that Cldns expressed in tight junctions between parenchymal cells contribute to impaired structural integrity of the lung coincident with smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix R Jimenez
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Josh B Lewis
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Samuel T Belgique
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Dallin C Milner
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Adam L Lewis
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Todd M Dunaway
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Kaleb M Egbert
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Duane R Winden
- b College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences-South Jordan Campus , South Jordan , Utah , USA
| | - Juan A Arroyo
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- a Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah , USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang ZS, Yan JY, Han NP, Zhou W, Cheng Y, Zhang XM, Li N, Yuan JL. Anti-inflammatory effect of Yu-Ping-Feng-San via TGF-β1 signaling suppression in rat model of COPD. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 19:993-1002. [PMID: 27803787 PMCID: PMC5080430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Yu-Ping-Feng-San (YPFS) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used for treatment of the diseases in respiratory systems, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) recognized as chronic inflammatory disease. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here we detected the factors involved in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smad2 signaling pathway and inflammatory cytokines, to clarify whether YPFS could attenuate inflammatory response dependent on TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling in COPD rats or cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated human bronchial epithelial (Beas-2B) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The COPD rat model was established by exposure to cigarette smoke and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide, YPFS was administered to the animals. The efficacy of YPFS was evaluated by comparing the severity of pulmonary pathological damage, pro-inflammation cytokines, collagen related genes and the activation of TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, CSE-treated cells were employed to confirm whether the effect of YPFS was dependent on the TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling via knockdown Smad2 (Si-RNA), or pretreatment with the inhibitor of TGF-β1. RESULTS Administration of YPFS effectively alleviated injury of lung, suppressed releasing of pro-inflammatory cytokines and collagen deposition in COPD animals (P<0.05), whereas exogenous TGF-β1 promoted releasing of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα (P<0.05). Administration YPFS reduced inflammatory response significantly, also down-regulated TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling in vivo and in vitro. Unexpectedly, knockdown Smad2 or inhibition of TGF-β1 abolished anti-inflammatory effect of YPFS in CSE-treated cells. CONCLUSION YPFS accomplished anti-inflammatory effects mainly by suppressing phosphorylation of Smad2, TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway was required for YPFS-mediated anti-inflammation in COPD rats or CSE-treated Beas-2B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Shan Yang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Jin-Yuan Yan
- Central laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Ni-Ping Han
- Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Wei Zhou
- Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Yu Cheng
- Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Ning Li
- Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Jia-Li Yuan
- Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan,Corresponding author: Jia-Li Yuan. Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. No.1076 Yuhua Road Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rathee D, Arora P, Meena M, Sarin R, Chakraborty P, Jaiswal A, Goyal M. Comparative study of clinico-bacterio-radiological profile and treatment outcome of smokers and nonsmokers suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. Lung India 2016; 33:507-11. [PMID: 27625444 PMCID: PMC5006330 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.188970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death and disease worldwide. Tobacco smoking has been linked as a risk factor for TB. This study was aimed to affirm the strength of association between smoking and pulmonary TB. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pulmonary TB patients aged between 18 and 65 years were enrolled and followed-up until treatment completion. Two consecutive sputum smears were examined from each patient for the presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) using Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Radiological severity of disease was assessed using guidelines of National TB Association of USA. Sputum smears for AFB were graded for positivity as per WHO Revised National TB Control Programme criteria. Response was determined in terms of sputum conversion at the end of intensive phase and final treatment outcomes. RESULTS Sputum smear grading of 3+ increased from 12.5% to 68.18% and 66.66% as smoking index increased from <100 to 100-299 and >300 (P < 0.05). In nonsmokers, 79.2% patients had minimal disease while only 4.2% had advanced disease as compared to smokers where 52.4% had moderate disease, 26.2% advanced disease, and 21.4% minimal disease (P < 0.01). Smokers had significantly lower treatment success rate (69%) as against nonsmokers and former smokers (93.8% and 90.9%, respectively, P = 0.001) owing to a higher default rate among smokers (28.5%) than nonsmokers (6.3%) and former smokers (9.1%). CONCLUSION Smokers during initial presentation, as well as at end of the treatment demonstrate more radiological findings, cavitary disease, and worse sputum AFB smear grading. Smokers also have a poorer treatment success rate largely due to high percentage of default rate thus suggesting noncompliance as a main confounder to treatment success. Focus needs to be made to reduce defaulters which are more common among smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Rathee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, LRS Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Arora
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, LRS Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Meena
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rohit Sarin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, LRS Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi, India
| | - Pitambar Chakraborty
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, LRS Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Jaiswal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, LRS Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh Goyal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rao PSS, Ande A, Sinha N, Kumar A, Kumar S. Effects of Cigarette Smoke Condensate on Oxidative Stress, Apoptotic Cell Death, and HIV Replication in Human Monocytic Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155791. [PMID: 27203850 PMCID: PMC4874604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While cigarette smoking is prevalent amongst HIV-infected patients, the effects of cigarette smoke constituents in cells of myeloid lineage are poorly known. Recently, we have shown that nicotine induces oxidative stress through cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6-mediated pathway in U937 monocytic cells. The present study was designed to examine the effect of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), which contains majority of tobacco constituents, on oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, expression of CYP1A1, and/or HIV-1 replication in HIV-infected (U1) and uninfected U937 cells. The effects of CSC on induction of CYP1 enzymes in HIV-infected primary macrophages were also analyzed. The results showed that the CSC-mediated increase in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in U937 cells is dose- and time-dependent. Moreover, CSC treatment was found to induce cytotoxicity in U937 cells through the apoptotic pathway via activation of caspase-3. Importantly, pretreatment with vitamin C blocked the CSC-mediated production of ROS and induction of caspase-3 activity. In U1 cells, acute treatment of CSC increased ROS production at 6H (>2-fold) and both ROS (>2 fold) and HIV-1 replication (>3-fold) after chronic treatment. The CSC mediated effects were associated with robust induction in the expression of CYP1A1 mRNA upon acute CSC treatment of U937 and U1 cells (>20-fold), and upon chronic CSC treatment to U1 cells (>30-fold). In addition, the CYP1A1 induction in U937 cells was mediated through the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor pathway. Lastly, CSC, which is known to increase viral replication in primary macrophages, was also found to induce CYP1 enzymes in HIV-infected primary macrophages. While mRNA levels of both CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 were elevated following CSC treatment, only CYP1B1 protein levels were increased in HIV-infected primary macrophages. In conclusion, these results suggest a possible association between oxidative stress, CYP1 expression, and viral replication in CSC-treated cells of myeloid lineage. This study warrants a closer examination of the role of CYP1B1 in smoking-mediated enhanced HIV replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- PSS Rao
- Department of pharmaceutical sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Anusha Ande
- Division of pharmacology and toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Namita Sinha
- Department of pharmaceutical sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Anil Kumar
- Division of pharmacology and toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of pharmaceutical sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Baines KJ, Wright TK, Simpson JL, McDonald VM, Wood LG, Parsons KS, Wark PA, Gibson PG. Airway β-Defensin-1 Protein Is Elevated in COPD and Severe Asthma. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:407271. [PMID: 26568662 PMCID: PMC4629049 DOI: 10.1155/2015/407271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune antimicrobial peptides, including β-defensin-1, promote the chemotaxis and activation of several immune cells. The role of β-defensin-1 in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear. METHODS Induced sputum was collected from healthy controls and individuals with asthma or COPD. β-defensin-1 protein in sputum supernatant was quantified by ELISA. Biomarker potential was examined using receiver operating characteristic curves. β-defensin-1 release from primary bronchial epithelial cells (pBECs) was investigated in culture with and without cigarette smoke extract (CSE). RESULTS Airway β-defensin-1 protein was elevated in COPD participants compared to asthma participants and healthy controls. Inflammatory phenotype had no effect on β-defensin-1 levels in asthma or COPD. β-defensin-1 protein was significantly higher in severe asthma compared to controlled and uncontrolled asthma. β-defensin-1 protein could predict the presence of COPD from both healthy controls and asthma patients. Exposure of pBECs to CSE decreased β-defensin-1 production in healthy controls; however in pBECs from COPD participants the level of β-defensin-1 remanied unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Elevated β-defensin-1 protein is a feature of COPD and severe asthma regardless of inflammatory phenotype. β-defensin-1 production is dysregulated in the epithelium of patients with COPD and may be an effective biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. Baines
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Thomas K. Wright
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Jodie L. Simpson
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Vanessa M. McDonald
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Lisa G. Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Kristy S. Parsons
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Peter A. Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Peter G. Gibson
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang WM, Ye P, Qian YJ, Gao YF, Li JJ, Sun FF, Zhang WY, Wang X. Effects of whole cigarette smoke on human beta defensins expression and secretion by oral mucosal epithelial cells. Tob Induc Dis 2015; 13:3. [PMID: 25635179 PMCID: PMC4310021 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-015-0029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoke a recognized risk factor for many systemic diseases and also oral diseases. Human beta defensins (HBDs), a group of important antimicrobial peptides expressed by the epithelium, are crucial for local defense and tissue homeostasis of oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential effects of whole cigarette smoke (WCS) exposure on the expression and secretion of HBDs by oral mucosal epithelial cells. Methods Immortalized human oral mucosal epithelial (Leuk-1) cells were exposed to WCS for various time periods. HBD-1, -2 and -3 expression and subcellular localization were detected by real time qPCR, immunofluorescence assay and confocal microscopy. According to the relative fluorescent intensity, the expression levels of HBD-1, -2 and -3 were evaluated by digital image analysis system. The alteration of HBD-1, -2 and -3 secretion levels was measured by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Results WCS exposure remarkably attenuated HBD-1 expression and secretion while clearly enhanced HBD-2, -3 expression levels and HBD-2 secretion by Leuk-l cells. It appeared that there was no significant effect of WCS exposure on HBD-3 secretion. Conclusions WCS exposure could modulate expression and secretion of HBDs by oral mucosal epithelial cells, establishing a link between cigarette smoke and abnormal levels of antimicrobial peptides. The present results may give a new perspective to investigate smoking-related local defense suppression and oral disease occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Mei Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Pei Ye
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Ya-Jie Qian
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Ya-Fan Gao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Fang-Fang Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 21008 China.,Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Wei-Yun Zhang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008 China.,Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen M, Yang T, Meng X, Sun T. Azithromycin attenuates cigarette smoke extract-induced oxidative stress injury in human alveolar epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3414-22. [PMID: 25607112 PMCID: PMC4368079 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has been verified to be one of the most important etiological factors causing the development of bronchogenic carcinoma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Azithromycin (AZM) has been demonstrated to have antioxidant capacity. In the present study, whether AZM is able to attenuate cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced A549 cell oxidative stress injury was investigated. Cells were incubated with CSE in the presence or absence of AZM. Cell viability was measured using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was analyzed using western blotting and ELISA. The expression of epithelial cell structural proteins, zona occludens (ZO)-1 and occludin was determined using western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined by flow cytometry and fluorescence staining. The results demonstrated that the exposure of A549 cells to CSE decreased cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. AZM significantly attenuated the CSE-induced decreases in the expression of VEGF and epithelial cell structural proteins, including ZO-1 and occludin. CSE also stimulated ROS production in the A549 cell, while AZM significantly reversed the effects of CSE. In addition, the inhibition of ROS by N-acetyl-L-cysteine had similar effects as AZM on the expression of VEGF and epithelial cell structural proteins and also enhanced cell proliferation. In conclusion, AZM attenuated CSE-induced oxidative stress injury in A549 cells and may be a promising therapeutic agent for smoking-associated pulmonary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300000, P.R. China
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Hospital Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xiangiyu Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Hospital Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Tieying Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Hospital Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun C, Zhu M, Yang Z, Pan X, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Xiao W. LL-37 secreted by epithelium promotes fibroblast collagen production: a potential mechanism of small airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Transl Med 2014; 94:991-1002. [PMID: 24955895 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the process of small airway remodeling is mediated by profibrotic growth factors produced by epithelium, which are capable of activating the underlying mesenchymal cells with excessive collagen production. It has been demonstrated that human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein LL-37 is highly expressed in small airway epithelium from COPD patients. However, it is unknown whether the increased levels of LL-37 in epithelium are involved in the pathogenesis of small airway remodeling in COPD. In this study, we examined the expression of LL-37 in small airways from smokers with COPD and controls (non-smokers and smokers without COPD) by immunohistochemistry, and then the association between LL-37 expression in epithelium and the structural changes of small airway remodeling was analyzed. In vitro, the effect of CSE-induced epithelial secretion of LL-37 on collagen production in human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1 cell line) was studied in a co-culture system. Finally, the signaling pathways involved in the effect of LL-37 on fibroblast collagen production were evaluated. The results showed that LL-37 immunoreactivity in airway epithelium was significantly elevated in smokers with COPD compared with controls. In addition, the magnitude of LL-37 expression in epithelium was positively correlated with airway wall thickness and collagen deposition. In vitro, CSE-induced epithelial secretion of LL-37 promoted fibroblast collagen production. Finally, we showed that formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1)-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway was essential for LL-37-induced collagen production in HFL-1 cells. These results suggest that after cigarette smoke exposure, the increased levels of LL-37 in airway epithelium could stimulate collagen production in the underlying lung fibroblasts and may contribute to small airway remodeling in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Maoxiang Zhu
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujie Pan
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuke Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Comparative analysis of cigarette smoke induced cellular proteome distributions on bovine aortic endothelial cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-014-0015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|