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José Alejandro GA, Juan M, Luis CB, Fátima Pamela SM, Ivonne B, Diana Laura PT, Ashly M. Envenomation by the Indian ornamental tarantula (Poecilotheria regalis): A case report on treatment with Latrodectus mactans antivenom. Toxicon 2024; 247:107842. [PMID: 38960287 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Poecilotheria spiders are considered theraphosids of underestimated clinical importance, with bites from these species inducing symptoms such as severe pain and intense muscle cramps. However, there is no specific treatment for the envenomation caused by these species, which, while native to India and Sri Lanka, are widely distributed worldwide. The present study reports the case of a 31-year-old man bitten by a Poecilotheria regalis specimen. The patient's clinical presentation was similar to Latrodectus envenomation, and patient was treated with an L. mactans antivenom. Most of patient's symptoms improved (fasciculations, pain, erythema, and local swelling), except muscle cramps. A toxicological study conducted on mice did not show that L. mactans antivenom has a neutralizing effect on the toxicity of P. regalis. The present report discusses the envenoming process of Poecilotheria species and the possible neutralizing effect exerted by L. mactans antivenom.
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Affiliation(s)
- García-Arredondo José Alejandro
- Departamento de Investigación Química y Farmacológica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario S/N, 76010, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Mosqueda Juan
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Vacunas, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico; Aracnario, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Av. De Las Ciencias S/N, 76230, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Cuéllar-Balleza Luis
- Aracnario, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Av. De Las Ciencias S/N, 76230, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Sánchez-Morales Fátima Pamela
- Hospital General Regional No. 2 El Marqués, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Circuito Universidades KM 1 S/N, 76269, El Marqués, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Buitrón Ivonne
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario S/N, 76010, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Pescador-Tovar Diana Laura
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario S/N, 76010, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Mohan Ashly
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario S/N, 76010, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
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2
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Nishiduka ES, Abreu TF, Abukawa FM, Oliveira UC, Tardivo CEO, Nascimento SM, Meissner GO, Chaim OM, Juliano MA, Kitano ES, Zelanis A, Serrano SMT, da Silva PI, Junqueira-de-Azevedo IL, Nishiyama-Jr MY, Tashima AK. Multiomics Profiling of Toxins in the Venom of the Amazonian Spider Acanthoscurria juruenicola. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2783-2797. [PMID: 36260604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acanthoscurria juruenicola is an Amazonian spider described for the first time almost a century ago. However, little is known about their venom composition. Here, we present a multiomics characterization of A. juruenicola venom by a combination of transcriptomics, proteomics, and peptidomics approaches. Transcriptomics of female venom glands resulted in 93,979 unique assembled mRNA transcript encoding proteins. A total of 92 proteins were identified in the venom by mass spectrometry, including 14 mature cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs). Quantitative analysis showed that CRPs, cysteine-rich secretory proteins, metalloproteases, carbonic anhydrases, and hyaluronidase comprise >90% of the venom proteome. Relative quantification of venom toxins was performed by DIA and DDA, revealing converging profiles of female and male specimens by both methods. Biochemical assays confirmed the presence of active hyaluronidases, phospholipases, and proteases in the venom. Moreover, the venom promoted in vivo paralytic activities in crickets, consistent with the high concentration of CRPs. Overall, we report a comprehensive analysis of the arsenal of toxins of A. juruenicola and highlight their potential biotechnological and pharmacological applications. Mass spectrometry data were deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE repository with the dataset identifier PXD013149 and via the MassIVE repository with the dataset identifier MSV000087777.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika S Nishiduka
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, Brazil
| | - Thiago F Abreu
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Midori Abukawa
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signalig, CeTICS, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Ursula C Oliveira
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signalig, CeTICS, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Caio E O Tardivo
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, Brazil
| | - Soraia M Nascimento
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signalig, CeTICS, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel O Meissner
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Puerto Rico, Brazil
| | - Olga M Chaim
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Puerto Rico, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Maria A Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Kitano
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signalig, CeTICS, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - André Zelanis
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, (ICT-UNIFESP), São José dos Campos 12231-280, Brazil
| | - Solange M T Serrano
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signalig, CeTICS, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro I da Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signalig, CeTICS, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Inácio L Junqueira-de-Azevedo
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signalig, CeTICS, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Milton Y Nishiyama-Jr
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signalig, CeTICS, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre K Tashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-901, Brazil
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3
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Wu X, Cañamares MV, Kakoulli I, Sanchez-Cortes S. Chemical Characterization and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Bufotenine by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and Density Functional Theory (DFT). J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5831-5837. [PMID: 35726975 PMCID: PMC9251765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bufotenine (5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is a natural tryptamine derivative with hallucinogenic activity. In this paper, we present novel chemical and molecular conformational analyses of bufotenine based on an experimental and theoretical approach integrating surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and density functional theory (DFT). For the first time, low concentrations of bufotenine in acetonitrile solutions were analyzed by SERS using two types of silver nanoparticle substrates synthesized via one- or two-step reduction processes. The vibrational characteristics of this molecule were verified by molecular dynamics simulations of Raman bands based on DFT. Here we demonstrate the potential of this integrated approach for the identification of bufotenine, a prominent hallucinogenic agent, establishing an innovative rapid and accurate sensing and characterization method of the identification of controlled substances at trace amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Wu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Molecular
and Nano Archaeology Laboratory, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Maria Vega Cañamares
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano, 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ioanna Kakoulli
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Molecular
and Nano Archaeology Laboratory, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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4
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YsHyl8A, an Alkalophilic Cold-Adapted Glycosaminoglycan Lyase Cloned from Pathogenic Yersinia sp. 298. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092897. [PMID: 35566248 PMCID: PMC9105423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A high enzyme-yield strain Yersinia sp. 298 was screened from marine bacteria harvested from the coastal water. The screening conditions were extensive, utilizing hyaluronic acid (HA)/chondroitin sulfate (CS) as the carbon source. A coding gene yshyl8A of the family 8 polysaccharide lyase (PL8) was cloned from the genome of Yersinia sp. 298 and subjected to recombinant expression. The specific activity of the recombinase YsHyl8A was 11.19 U/mg, with an optimal reaction temperature of 40 °C and 50% of its specific activity remaining after thermal incubation at 30 °C for 1 h. In addition, its optimal reaction pH was 7.5, and while it was most stable at pH 6.0 in Na2HPO4-citric acid buffer, it remained highly stable at pH 6.0–11.0. Further, its enzymatic activity was increased five-fold with 0.1 M NaCl. YsHyl8A, as an endo-lyase, can degrade both HA and CS, producing disaccharide end-products. These properties suggested that YsHyl8A possessed both significant alkalophilic and cold-adapted features while being dependent on NaCl, likely resulting from its marine source. Yersinia is a typical fish pathogen, with glycosaminoglycan lyase (GAG lyase) as a potential pathogenic factor, exhibiting strong hyaluronidase and chondroitinase activity. Further research on the pathogenic mechanism of GAG lyase may benefit the prevention and treatment of related diseases.
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5
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Vásquez-Escobar J, Romero-Gutiérrez T, Morales JA, Clement HC, Corzo GA, Benjumea DM, Corrales-García LL. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Venom Gland and Enzymatic Characterization of the Venom of Phoneutria depilata (Ctenidae) from Colombia. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050295. [PMID: 35622542 PMCID: PMC9144723 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptome of the venom glands of the Phoneutria depilata spider was analyzed using RNA-seq with an Illumina protocol, which yielded 86,424 assembled transcripts. A total of 682 transcripts were identified as potentially coding for venom components. Most of the transcripts found were neurotoxins (156) that commonly act on sodium and calcium channels. Nevertheless, transcripts coding for some enzymes (239), growth factors (48), clotting factors (6), and a diuretic hormone (1) were found, which have not been described in this spider genus. Furthermore, an enzymatic characterization of the venom of P. depilata was performed, and the proteomic analysis showed a correlation between active protein bands and protein sequences found in the transcriptome. The transcriptomic analysis of P. depilata venom glands show a deeper description of its protein components, allowing the identification of novel molecules that could lead to the treatment of human diseases, or could be models for developing bioinsecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Vásquez-Escobar
- Grupo de Toxinología y Alternativas Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 1226, Colombia;
- Correspondence: (J.V.-E.); (L.L.C.-G.)
| | - Teresa Romero-Gutiérrez
- Traslational Bioengineering Department, Exact Sciences and Engineering University Center, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (T.R.-G.); (J.A.M.)
| | - José Alejandro Morales
- Traslational Bioengineering Department, Exact Sciences and Engineering University Center, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (T.R.-G.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Herlinda C. Clement
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (H.C.C.); (G.A.C.)
| | - Gerardo A. Corzo
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (H.C.C.); (G.A.C.)
| | - Dora M. Benjumea
- Grupo de Toxinología y Alternativas Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 1226, Colombia;
| | - Ligia Luz Corrales-García
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (H.C.C.); (G.A.C.)
- Departamento de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 1226, Colombia
- Correspondence: (J.V.-E.); (L.L.C.-G.)
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6
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Macedo KWR, Costa LJDL, de Souza JO, de Vasconcelos IA, de Castro JS, de Santana CJC, Magalhães ACM, Castro MDS, Pires OR. Brazilian Theraphosidae: a toxicological point of view. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2021; 27:e20210004. [PMID: 34868282 PMCID: PMC8610171 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2021-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Theraphosidae family includes the largest number of species of the
Mygalomorphae infraorder, with hundreds of species currently catalogued.
However, there is a huge lack on physiologic and even ecologic information
available, especially in Brazil, which is the most biodiverse country in the
world. Over the years, spiders have been presented as a source of multiple
biologically active compounds with basic roles, such as primary defense against
pathogenic microorganisms or modulation of metabolic pathways and as specialized
hunters. Spider venoms also evolved in order to enable the capture of prey by
interaction with a diversity of molecular targets of interest, raising their
pharmaceutical potential for the development of new drugs. Among the activities
found in compounds isolated from venoms and hemocytes of Brazilian Theraphosidae
there are antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antitumoral, as well as
properties related to proteinase action and neuromuscular blockage modulated by
ionic voltage-gated channel interaction. These characteristics are present in
different species from multiple genera, which is strong evidence of the
important role in spider survival. The present review aims to compile the main
results of studies from the last decades on Brazilian Theraphosidae with special
focus on results obtained with the crude venom or compounds isolated from both
venom and hemocytes, and their physiological and chemical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keven Wender Rodrigues Macedo
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Lucas Jeferson de Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Oliveira de Souza
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Isadora Alves de Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Jessica Schneider de Castro
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Carlos José Correia de Santana
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Martins Magalhães
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Souza Castro
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Osmindo Rodrigues Pires
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
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7
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Patil SP, Shirsath LP, Chaudhari BL. A halotolerant hyaluronidase from newly isolated Brevibacterium halotolerans DC1: Purification and characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:839-850. [PMID: 33152358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme hyaluronidase (hyase) producing halotolerant bacterium was isolated from dental caries and identified as Brevibacterium halotolerans DC1. Higher growth and hyase production were observed in nutrient broth fortified with hyaluronic acid at pH 7.0, temperature 37 °C, 120 rpm upon 48 h of incubation. Hyase was purified using salt precipitation, DEAE cellulose ion exchange, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme was purified to 13-fold with 67.19% recovery of activity and 26.37 U/mg of specific activity. SDS-PAGE and zymography revealed it to be near to homogeneity showing a relative molecular weight of about 43 kDa that was confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. This hyase was very active and stable at pH 7.0 and temperature 40 °C. The presence of metal ions Ca2+ and Mg2+ increased its activity while Zn2+ and Cu2+ severely inhibited it. Being stable at 2 M NaCl, hyase exhibited its halotolerant nature. This enzyme showed wide substrate specificity where hyaluronic acid (HA) was the best substrate. The kinetic studies revealed that Km and Vmax were 91.3 μg/mL and 306.2 μg/mL/min respectively. This is the first report of hyaluronidase from a halotolerant Brevibacterium spp. which can find applications under high salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip P Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur 425 405, India
| | - Leena P Shirsath
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur 425 405, India
| | - Bhushan L Chaudhari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425 001, India.
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8
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Sarhan M, El-Bitar AMH, Hotta H. Potent virucidal activity of honeybee "Apis mellifera" venom against Hepatitis C Virus. Toxicon 2020; 188:55-64. [PMID: 33068557 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global viral widespread without an available vaccine to prevent infection. HCV infection can cause serious liver diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current treatment of HCV infection depends on the FDA approved direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) which have side effects and expensive. Thus, development of a novel, more efficient, along with affordable pricing anti-HCV agents is still required. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the antiviral effects of bee venom (BV) from the honeybee Apis mellifera on the HCV replication life cycle. The crude venom and its components were examined for their anti-HCV activities using Huh7it-1 cultured cells and the JFH1 strain of HCV genotype 2a. Results revealed that BV inhibited HCV infection with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.05 ng/ml, while the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) being 20,000 ng/ml. The venom directly blocked HCV/cell entry by acting on virus particles in a dose dependent manner, whereas no interference on the host cells. Furthermore, venom showed no inhibitory effect on HCV replication and release. Interestingly, none of the main BV components including the mast cell degranulating peptide (MCD), mpamin, or the small peptides melittin (MLT) showed anti-HCV activity up to 5 μg/ml. In conclusion, these results suggest that BV has a direct virucidal activity against HCV and may exert its antiviral effect through a non-common peptide(s) or toxin complex within the crude venom. Therefore, the crude BV can be considered as a promising candidate for characterization and development of new and natural anti-HCV therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Sarhan
- Molecular biology lab., Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Alaa M H El-Bitar
- Molecular biology lab., Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Hak Hotta
- Department of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-Ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan; Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, 6-2-23 Morikita-machi, Higashinada-Ku, Kobe, 658-0001, Japan.
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9
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Shakouri A, Parvan R, Adljouy N, Abdolalizadeh J. Purification of hyaluronidase as an anticancer agent inhibiting CD44. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4709. [PMID: 31630417 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronidase (Hyal) can be employed to accomplish a diversity of complications related to hyaluronic acid (HA). Hyal contains some classes of catalysts that cleave HA. This enzyme is detected in several human tissues as well as in animal venoms, pathogenic organisms and cancers. Destructive cancer cells regularly increase the CD44 receptor existing in a cell membrane. This receptor acts as an exact receptor for HA, and HA is recognized to motivate the migration, spread, attack and metastasis of cancer cells. Nearly all of the methods used to purify Hyal are highly costly and not proper for industrial applications. This survey aims to review different methods of Hyal purification, which acts as an anticancer agent by degrading HA in tissues and thus inhibiting the CD44-HA interaction. Hyal can be successfully employed in the management of cancer, which is associated with HA-CD44. This review has described different methods for Hyal purification to prepare an origin to develop a novel purification technique for this highly appreciated protein. Using multiple columns is not applicable for the purification of Hyal and thus cannot be used at the industrial level. It is better to use affinity chromatography of anti-Hyal for Hyal with one-step purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shakouri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Parvan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasim Adljouy
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Abdolalizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Determination of hyaluronidase activity in Tityus spp. Scorpion venoms and its inhibition by Brazilian antivenoms. Toxicon 2019; 167:134-143. [PMID: 31207348 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronidases (HYALs) are enzymes ubiquitously found in venoms from diverse animals and seem to be related to venom spreading. HYAL activity might be important to Tityus spp. envenoming, since anti-Tityus serrulatus HYAL (TsHYAL) rabbit antibodies neutralize T. serrulatus venom (TsV) lethality. The present work aimed to verify and compare HYAL activity of venoms from other Brazilian Tityus spp. (Tityus bahiensis, Tityus stigmurus and Tityus obscurus) and to test whether anti-TsHYAL antibodies and Brazilian horse therapeutic scorpion antivenom (produced by Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Butantan and Vital Brazil Institutes) can recognize and inhibit HYAL activity from these venoms. In ELISA assays, anti-TsHYAL and scorpion antivenoms recognized T. serrulatus, T. bahiensis and T. stigmurus venoms, however, they demonstrated weaker reaction with T. obscurus, which was also observed in Western blotting assay. Epitope mapping by SPOT assay revealed different binding patterns for each antivenom. The assay showed a weaker binding of scorpion antivenom produced by FUNED to peptides recognized by anti-TsHYAL antibodies. Anti-TsHYAL antibodies and antivenoms produced by Butantan and Vital Brazil institutes inhibited HYAL activity of all tested venoms in vitro, whereas FUNED antivenom did not show the same property. These results call attention to the importance of hyaluronidase inhibition, that can aid the improvement of antivenom production.
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Patil S, Bhadane B, Shirsath L, Patil R, Chaudhari B. Steroidal fraction ofCarissa carandasL. inhibits microbial hyaluronidase activity by mixed inhibition mechanism. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:298-306. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1541811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur, India
| | - Bhushan Bhadane
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur, India
| | - Leena Shirsath
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur, India
| | - Ravindra Patil
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur, India
| | - Bhushan Chaudhari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India
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Romero-Gutiérrez MT, Santibáñez-López CE, Jiménez-Vargas JM, Batista CVF, Ortiz E, Possani LD. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Reveal the Diversity of Venom Components from the Vaejovid Scorpion Serradigitus gertschi. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E359. [PMID: 30189638 PMCID: PMC6162517 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10090359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the diversity of scorpion venom, RNA from venomous glands from a sawfinger scorpion, Serradigitus gertschi, of the family Vaejovidae, was extracted and used for transcriptomic analysis. A total of 84,835 transcripts were assembled after Illumina sequencing. From those, 119 transcripts were annotated and found to putatively code for peptides or proteins that share sequence similarities with the previously reported venom components of other species. In accordance with sequence similarity, the transcripts were classified as potentially coding for 37 ion channel toxins; 17 host defense peptides; 28 enzymes, including phospholipases, hyaluronidases, metalloproteases, and serine proteases; nine protease inhibitor-like peptides; 10 peptides of the cysteine-rich secretory proteins, antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related 1 protein superfamily; seven La1-like peptides; and 11 sequences classified as "other venom components". A mass fingerprint performed by mass spectrometry identified 204 components with molecular masses varying from 444.26 Da to 12,432.80 Da, plus several higher molecular weight proteins whose precise masses were not determined. The LC-MS/MS analysis of a tryptic digestion of the soluble venom resulted in the de novo determination of 16,840 peptide sequences, 24 of which matched sequences predicted from the translated transcriptome. The database presented here increases our general knowledge of the biodiversity of venom components from neglected non-buthid scorpions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Romero-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Eduardo Santibáñez-López
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin⁻Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Juana María Jiménez-Vargas
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
| | - Cesar Vicente Ferreira Batista
- Laboratorio Universitario de Proteómica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
| | - Lourival Domingos Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
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Barth T, Mandacaru SC, Charneau S, Souza MVD, Ricart CAO, Noronha EF, Souza AA, Freitas SMD, Roepstorff P, Fontes W, Castro MS, Pires Júnior OR. Biochemical and structural characterization of a protein complex containing a hyaluronidase and a CRISP-like protein isolated from the venom of the spider Acanthoscurria natalensis. J Proteomics 2018; 192:102-113. [PMID: 30165259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spider venoms are composed of a complex mixture of bioactive molecules. The structural and functional characterization of these molecules in the venom of the Brazilian spider Acanthoscurria natalensis, has been little explored. The venom was fractionated using reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The fraction with hyaluronidase activity was named AnHyal. The partial sequencing of AnHyal revealed the presence of a CRISP-like protein, in addition to hyaluronidase, comprising 67% coverage for hyaluronidase from Brachypelma vagans and 82% for CRISP-like protein from Grammostola rosea. 1D BN-PAGE zymogram assays of AnHyal confirmed the presence of enzymatically active 53 kDa monomer and 124 and 178 kDa oligomers. The decomposition of the complexes by 2D BN/SDS-PAGE zymogram assays showed two subunits, 53 (AnHyalH) and 44 kDa (AnHyalC), with sequence similarity to hyaluronidase and CRISP proteins, respectively. The secondary structure of AnHyal is composed by 36% of α-helix. AnHyal presented maximum activity at pH between 4.0 and 6.0 and 30 and 60 °C, showed specificity to hyaluronic acid substrate and presented a KM of 617.9 μg/mL. Our results showed that hyaluronidase and CRISP proteins can form a complex and the CRISP protein may contribute to the enzymatic activity of AnHyalH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Barth
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences/IB, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Animal Histology, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus-Bahia 45662-900, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Coelho Mandacaru
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology/IB, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Charneau
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology/IB, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Valle de Souza
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology/IB, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil.
| | - Carlos André Ornelas Ricart
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology/IB, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil.
| | - Eliane Ferreira Noronha
- Laboratory of Enzymology, Department of Cellular Biology/IB, University of Brasília, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Araújo Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology/IB, University of Brasília, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria de Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology/IB, University of Brasília, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Peter Roepstorff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology/IB, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil.
| | - Mariana S Castro
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences/IB, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology/IB, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF, Brazil.
| | - Osmindo Rodrigues Pires Júnior
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences/IB, University of Brasilia, Brasilia-DF 70910-900, Brazil.
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Rodríguez-Rios L, Díaz-Peña LF, Lazcano-Pérez F, Arreguín-Espinosa R, Rojas-Molina A, García-Arredondo A. Hyaluronidase-like enzymes are a frequent component of venoms from theraphosid spiders. Toxicon 2017; 136:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Isolation and characterization of Conohyal-P1, a hyaluronidase from the injected venom of Conus purpurascens. J Proteomics 2017; 164:73-84. [PMID: 28479398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronidases are ubiquitous enzymes commonly found in venom and their main function is to degrade hyaluran, which is the major glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix in animal tissues. Here we describe the purification and characterization of a 60kDa hyaluronidase found in the injected venom from Conus purpurascens, Conohyal-P1. Using a combined strategy based on transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, we determined the Conohyal-P1 sequence. Conohyal-P1 has conserved consensus catalytic and positioning domain residues characteristic of hyaluronidases and a C-terminus EGF-like domain. Additionally, the enzyme is expressed as a mixture of glycosylated isoforms at five asparagine sites. The activity of the native Conohyal-P1 was assess MS-based methods and confirmed by classical turbidimetric methods. The MS-based assay is particularly sensitive and provides the first detailed analysis of a venom hyaluronidase activity monitored with this method. The discovery of new hyaluronidases and the development of techniques to evaluate their performance can advance several therapeutic procedures, as these enzymes are widely used for enhanced drug delivery applications. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cone snail venom is a remarkable source of therapeutically important molecules, as is the case of conotoxins, which have undergone extensive clinical trials for several applications. In addition to the conotoxins, a large array of proteins have been reported in the venom of several species of cone snails, including enzymes that were found in dissected and injected Conus venom. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of the hyaluronidase Conohyal-P1 from the injected venom of C. purpurascens. We employed a combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis to obtain the full sequence of this hyaluronidase. The activity of Conohyal-P1 was assessed by a mass spectrometry-based method, which provide the first detailed venom hyaluronidase activity analysis monitored by mass spectrometry allowing the visualization of the substrate degradation by the enzyme.
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New insights into the action of bacterial chondroitinase AC I and hyaluronidase on hyaluronic acid. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 158:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bhavya J, Vineetha MS, Sundaram PM, Veena SM, Dhananjaya BL, More SS. Low-molecular weight hyaluronidase from the venom of Bungarus caeruleus (Indian common krait) snake: Isolation and partial characterization. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1144203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Bhavya
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India
| | - M. S. Vineetha
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India
| | | | - S. M. Veena
- P. G. Department of Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India
| | - B. L. Dhananjaya
- Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Emerging Technologies, Jain University, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil S. More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
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Biner O, Trachsel C, Moser A, Kopp L, Langenegger N, Kämpfer U, von Ballmoos C, Nentwig W, Schürch S, Schaller J, Kuhn-Nentwig L. Isolation, N-glycosylations and Function of a Hyaluronidase-Like Enzyme from the Venom of the Spider Cupiennius salei. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143963. [PMID: 26630650 PMCID: PMC4667920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure of Cupiennius salei venom hyaluronidase Hyaluronidases are important venom components acting as spreading factor of toxic compounds. In several studies this spreading effect was tested on vertebrate tissue. However, data about the spreading activity on invertebrates, the main prey organisms of spiders, are lacking. Here, a hyaluronidase-like enzyme was isolated from the venom of the spider Cupiennius salei. The amino acid sequence of the enzyme was determined by cDNA analysis of the venom gland transcriptome and confirmed by protein analysis. Two complex N-linked glycans akin to honey bee hyaluronidase glycosylations, were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. A C-terminal EGF-like domain was identified in spider hyaluronidase using InterPro. The spider hyaluronidase-like enzyme showed maximal activity at acidic pH, between 40–60°C, and 0.2 M KCl. Divalent ions did not enhance HA degradation activity, indicating that they are not recruited for catalysis. Function of venom hyaluronidases Besides hyaluronan, the enzyme degrades chondroitin sulfate A, whereas heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate are not affected. The end products of hyaluronan degradation are tetramers, whereas chondroitin sulfate A is mainly degraded to hexamers. Identification of terminal N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine at the reducing end of the oligomers identified the enzyme as an endo-β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase hydrolase. The spreading effect of the hyaluronidase-like enzyme on invertebrate tissue was studied by coinjection of the enzyme with the Cupiennius salei main neurotoxin CsTx-1 into Drosophila flies. The enzyme significantly enhances the neurotoxic activity of CsTx-1. Comparative substrate degradation tests with hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate A, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate with venoms from 39 spider species from 21 families identified some spider families (Atypidae, Eresidae, Araneidae and Nephilidae) without activity of hyaluronidase-like enzymes. This is interpreted as a loss of this enzyme and fits quite well the current phylogenetic idea on a more isolated position of these families and can perhaps be explained by specialized prey catching techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Biner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Trachsel
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aline Moser
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Kopp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Langenegger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Kämpfer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolfgang Nentwig
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schürch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johann Schaller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Kuhn-Nentwig
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Bordon KCF, Wiezel GA, Amorim FG, Arantes EC. Arthropod venom Hyaluronidases: biochemical properties and potential applications in medicine and biotechnology. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2015; 21:43. [PMID: 26500679 PMCID: PMC4619011 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-015-0042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronidases are enzymes that mainly degrade hyaluronan, the major glycosaminoglycan of the interstitial matrix. They are involved in several pathological and physiological activities including fertilization, wound healing, embryogenesis, angiogenesis, diffusion of toxins and drugs, metastasis, pneumonia, sepsis, bacteremia, meningitis, inflammation and allergy, among others. Hyaluronidases are widely distributed in nature and the enzymes from mammalian spermatozoa, lysosomes and animal venoms belong to the subclass EC 3.2.1.35. To date, only five three-dimensional structures for arthropod venom hyaluronidases (Apis mellifera and Vespula vulgaris) were determined. Additionally, there are four molecular models for hyaluronidases from Mesobuthus martensii, Polybia paulista and Tityus serrulatus venoms. These enzymes are employed as adjuvants to increase the absorption and dispersion of other drugs and have been used in various off-label clinical conditions to reduce tissue edema. Moreover, a PEGylated form of a recombinant human hyaluronidase is currently under clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer. This review focuses on the arthropod venom hyaluronidases and provides an overview of their biochemical properties, role in the envenoming, structure/activity relationship, and potential medical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla C F Bordon
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.040-903 Brazil
| | - Gisele A. Wiezel
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.040-903 Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. Amorim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.040-903 Brazil
| | - Eliane C. Arantes
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.040-903 Brazil
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García-Arredondo A, Rodríguez-Rios L, Díaz-Peña LF, Vega-Ángeles R. Pharmacological characterization of venoms from three theraphosid spiders: Poecilotheria regalis, Ceratogyrus darlingi and Brachypelma epicureanum. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2015; 21:15. [PMID: 26085827 PMCID: PMC4470046 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-015-0017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tarantulas (Theraphosidae) represent an important source of novel biologically active compounds that target a variety of ion channels and cell receptors in both insects and mammals. In this study, we evaluate and compare the pharmacological activity of venoms from three taxonomically different theraphosid spiders bred in captivity: Poecilotheria regalis, an aggressive arboreal tarantula from southeastern India; Ceratogyrus darlingi, an aggressive tarantula from southern Africa; and Brachypelma epicureanum, a docile tarantula from the Yucatan dry forest of Mexico. Prior to this study, no research had been conducted with regard to the composition and pharmacological activity of these venoms. METHODS The pharmacological characterization of the venoms was described for the first time by the assessment of their toxicity in crickets (LD50) along with their nociceptive (by using the formalin test), hyaluronidase, phospholipase A2, edematogenic and caseinolytic activity. RESULTS P. regalis and B. epicureanum venoms induced a similar lethal effect on crickets (LD50 = 5.23 ± 3.1 and 14.4 ± 5.0 μg protein/g 48 h post-injection, respectively), whereas C. darlingi venom (119.4 ± 29.5 μg protein/g 48 h post-injection) was significantly less lethal than the other two venoms. All three venoms induced similar edematogenic activity on rats but did not induce nociceptive behavior. The assessment of enzymatic activity indicated that P. regalis venom induces significantly higher hyaluronidase activity (27.6 ± 0.9 TRU/mg) than both C. darlingi (99.7 ± 1.9 TRU/mg) and B. epicureanum (99.6 ± 1.6 TRU/mg); these latter venoms did not display phospholipase A2 or caseinolytic activity. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that these theraphosid spiders of different habitats produce venoms with different activities. P. regalis venom displays a high level of hyaluronidase activity, which may be associated with its potentially medically significant bite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro García-Arredondo
- Laboratory of Chemical and Pharmacological Natural Product Research, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Querétaro (UAQ), Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro Mexico
| | - Luis Rodríguez-Rios
- Laboratory of Chemical and Pharmacological Natural Product Research, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Querétaro (UAQ), Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro Mexico
| | - Luis Fernando Díaz-Peña
- Laboratory of Chemical and Pharmacological Natural Product Research, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Querétaro (UAQ), Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro Mexico
| | - Ricardo Vega-Ángeles
- Laboratory of Chemical and Pharmacological Natural Product Research, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Querétaro (UAQ), Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro Mexico
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Virocidal activity of Egyptian scorpion venoms against hepatitis C virus. Virol J 2015; 12:47. [PMID: 25889296 PMCID: PMC4374190 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major global health problem, causing chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Development of well-tolerated regimens with high cure rates and fewer side effects is still much needed. Recently, natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are attracting more attention as biological compounds and can be a good template to develop therapeutic agents, including antiviral agents against a variety of viruses. Various AMPs have been characterized from the venom of different venomous animals including scorpions. METHODS The possible antiviral activities of crude venoms obtained from five Egyptian scorpion species (Leiurus quinquestriatus, Androctonus amoreuxi, A. australis, A. bicolor and Scorpio maurus palmatus) were evaluated by a cell culture method using Huh7.5 cells and the J6/JFH1-P47 strain of HCV. Time-of-addition experiments and inactivation of enzymatic activities of the venoms were carried out to determine the characteristics of the anti-HCV activities. RESULTS S. maurus palmatus and A. australis venoms showed anti-HCV activities, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) being 6.3 ± 1.6 and 88.3 ± 5.8 μg/ml, respectively. S. maurus palmatus venom (30 μg/ml) impaired HCV infectivity in culture medium, but not inside the cells, through virocidal effect. The anti-HCV activity of this venom was not inhibited by a metalloprotease inhibitor or heating at 60°C. The antiviral activity was directed preferentially against HCV. CONCLUSIONS S. maurus palmatus venom is considered as a good natural source for characterization and development of novel anti-HCV agents targeting the entry step. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing antiviral activities of Egyptian scorpion venoms against HCV, and may open a new approach towards discovering antiviral compounds derived from scorpion venoms.
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