1
|
Urazaev AK, Wang L, Bai Y, Adissu HA, Lelièvre SA. The epithelial polarity axis controls the resting membrane potential and Cl- co-transport in breast glandular structures. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs260924. [PMID: 37818620 PMCID: PMC10651101 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane potential (MP) controls cell homeostasis by directing molecule transport and gene expression. How the MP is set upon epithelial differentiation is unknown. Given that tissue architecture also controls homeostasis, we investigated the relationship between basoapical polarity and resting MP in three-dimensional culture of the HMT-3522 breast cancer progression. A microelectrode technique to measure MP and input resistance reveals that the MP is raised by gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC), which directs tight-junction mediated apical polarity, and is decreased by the Na+/K+/2Cl- (NKCC, encoded by SLC12A1 and SLC12A2) co-transporter, active in multicellular structures displaying basal polarity. In the tumor counterpart, the MP is reduced. Cancer cells display diminished GJIC and do not respond to furosemide, implying loss of NKCC activity. Induced differentiation of cancer cells into basally polarized multicellular structures restores widespread GJIC and NKCC responses, but these structures display the lowest MP. The absence of apical polarity, necessary for cancer onset, in the non-neoplastic epithelium is also associated with the lowest MP under active Cl- transport. We propose that the loss of apical polarity in the breast epithelium destabilizes cellular homeostasis in part by lowering the MP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert K. Urazaev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Education, Ivy Tech Community College, Lafayette, IN 47905, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yunfeng Bai
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hibret A. Adissu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sophie A. Lelièvre
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Relation Gene-Environment-REGEN Unit, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest (ICO), Angers 49055, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martins‐Costa C, Pham VA, Sidhaye J, Novatchkova M, Wiegers A, Peer A, Möseneder P, Corsini NS, Knoblich JA. Morphogenesis and development of human telencephalic organoids in the absence and presence of exogenous extracellular matrix. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113213. [PMID: 37842725 PMCID: PMC10646563 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022113213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment and maintenance of apical-basal polarity is a fundamental step in brain development, instructing the organization of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and the developing cerebral cortex. Particularly, basally located extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for this process. In vitro, epithelial polarization can be achieved via endogenous ECM production, or exogenous ECM supplementation. While neuroepithelial development is recapitulated in neural organoids, the effects of different ECM sources in tissue morphogenesis remain underexplored. Here, we show that exposure to a solubilized basement membrane matrix substrate, Matrigel, at early neuroepithelial stages causes rapid tissue polarization and rearrangement of neuroepithelial architecture. In cultures exposed to pure ECM components or unexposed to any exogenous ECM, polarity acquisition is slower and driven by endogenous ECM production. After the onset of neurogenesis, tissue architecture and neuronal differentiation are largely independent of the initial ECM source, but Matrigel exposure has long-lasting effects on tissue patterning. These results advance the knowledge on mechanisms of exogenously and endogenously guided morphogenesis, demonstrating the self-sustainability of neuroepithelial cultures by endogenous processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Martins‐Costa
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD ProgramDoctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Vincent A Pham
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Jaydeep Sidhaye
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Andrea Wiegers
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Angela Peer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Paul Möseneder
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Nina S Corsini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
| | - Jürgen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenterViennaAustria
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Z, Zhao J, Wang C, Liu X, Chen Z, Zhou J, Zhang L, Zhang C, Li H. Epithelial polarity-driven membrane separation but not cavitation regulates lumen formation of rat eccrine sweat glands. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152093. [PMID: 37757514 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Each eccrine sweat gland (ESG) is a single-tubular structure with a central lumen, and the formation of hollow lumen in the initial solid cell mass is a key developmental process. To date, there are no reports on the mechanism of native ESG lumen formation. METHODS To investigate the lumen morphogenesis and the lumen formation mechanisms of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat ESGs, SD rat hind-footpads at E20.5, P1-P5, P7, P9, P12, P21, P28 and P56 were obtained. The lumen morphogenesis of ESGs was examined by HE staining and immunofluorescence staining for polarity markers. The possible mechanisms of lumen formation were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) apoptosis assay and autophagy marker LC3B immunofluorescence staining, and further explored by ouabain intervention experiment. RESULTS In SD rat ESGs, the microlumen was formed at P1, and the small intact lumen with apical-basal polarity appeared at P3. The expression of apical marker F-actin, basal marker Laminin, basolateral marker E-cadherin was consistent with the timing of lumen formation of SD rat ESGs. During rat ESG development, apoptosis and autophagy were not detected. However, inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) with ouabain resulted in decreased lumen size, although neither the timing of lumen formation nor the expression of polarity proteins was altered. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial polarity-driven membrane separation but not cavitation regulates lumen formation of SD rat ESGs. NKA-regulated fluid accumulation drives lumen expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixiu Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Cangyu Wang
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zihua Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Mental Health Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Haihong Li
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China; Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Holmes J, Gaber M, Jenks MZ, Wilson A, Loy T, Lepetit C, Vitolins MZ, Herbert BS, Cook KL, Vidi PA. Reversion of breast epithelial polarity alterations caused by obesity. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:35. [PMID: 37160903 PMCID: PMC10170133 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00539-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular links between breast cancer risk factors and pro-oncogenic tissue alterations are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to characterize the impact of overweight and obesity on tissue markers of risk, using normal breast biopsies, a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, and cultured breast acini. Proliferation and alteration of epithelial polarity, both necessary for tumor initiation, were quantified by immunostaining. High BMI (>30) and elevated leptin were associated with compromised epithelial polarity whereas overweight was associated with a modest increase in proliferation in human and mice mammary glands. Human serum with unfavorable adipokine levels altered epithelial polarization of cultured acini, recapitulating the effect of leptin. Weight loss in mice led to metabolic improvements and restored epithelial polarity. In acini cultures, alteration of epithelial polarity was prevented by antioxidants and could be reverted by normalizing culture conditions. This study shows that obesity and/or dietary factors modulate tissue markers of risk. It provides a framework to set target values for metabolic improvements and to assess the efficacy of interventional studies aimed at reducing breast cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Holmes
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mohamed Gaber
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mónica Z Jenks
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Adam Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Tucker Loy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | | | - Mara Z Vitolins
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Brittney-Shea Herbert
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Katherine L Cook
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Vidi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers, 49055, France.
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fankhaenel M, Hashemi FSG, Mourao L, Lucas E, Hosawi MM, Skipp P, Morin X, Scheele CLGJ, Elias S. Annexin A1 is a polarity cue that directs mitotic spindle orientation during mammalian epithelial morphogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:151. [PMID: 36631478 PMCID: PMC9834401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35881-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oriented cell divisions are critical for the formation and maintenance of structured epithelia. Proper mitotic spindle orientation relies on polarised anchoring of force generators to the cell cortex by the evolutionarily conserved protein complex formed by the Gαi subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, the Leucine-Glycine-Asparagine repeat protein (LGN) and the nuclear mitotic apparatus protein. However, the polarity cues that control cortical patterning of this ternary complex remain largely unknown in mammalian epithelia. Here we identify the membrane-associated protein Annexin A1 (ANXA1) as an interactor of LGN in mammary epithelial cells. Annexin A1 acts independently of Gαi to instruct the accumulation of LGN and nuclear mitotic apparatus protein at the lateral cortex to ensure cortical anchoring of Dynein-Dynactin and astral microtubules and thereby planar alignment of the mitotic spindle. Loss of Annexin A1 randomises mitotic spindle orientation, which in turn disrupts epithelial architecture and luminogenesis in three-dimensional cultures of primary mammary epithelial cells. Our findings establish Annexin A1 as an upstream cortical cue that regulates LGN to direct planar cell divisions during mammalian epithelial morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fankhaenel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Farahnaz S Golestan Hashemi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Larissa Mourao
- VIB-KULeuven Center for Cancer Biology, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emily Lucas
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Manal M Hosawi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Paul Skipp
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Centre for Proteomic Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Xavier Morin
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Salah Elias
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. .,Insitute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
In Vitro 3D Modeling of Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010093. [PMID: 36671665 PMCID: PMC9855033 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) is very complex due to the difficulty in investigating the cellular dynamics within nervous tissue. Despite numerous advances in the in vivo study of these diseases, the use of in vitro analyses is proving to be a valuable tool to better understand the mechanisms implicated in these diseases. Although neural cells remain difficult to obtain from patient tissues, access to induced multipotent stem cell production now makes it possible to generate virtually all neural cells involved in these diseases (from neurons to glial cells). Many original 3D culture model approaches are currently being developed (using these different cell types together) to closely mimic degenerative nervous tissue environments. The aim of these approaches is to allow an interaction between glial cells and neurons, which reproduces pathophysiological reality by co-culturing them in structures that recapitulate embryonic development or facilitate axonal migration, local molecule exchange, and myelination (to name a few). This review details the advantages and disadvantages of techniques using scaffolds, spheroids, organoids, 3D bioprinting, microfluidic systems, and organ-on-a-chip strategies to model neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Whitford MKM, McCaffrey L. Polarity in breast development and cancer. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 154:245-283. [PMID: 37100520 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Mammary gland development and breast cancer progression are associated with extensive remodeling of epithelial tissue architecture. Apical-basal polarity is a key feature of epithelial cells that coordinates key elements of epithelial morphogenesis including cell organization, proliferation, survival, and migration. In this review we discuss advances in our understanding of how apical-basal polarity programs are used in breast development and cancer. We describe cell lines, organoids, and in vivo models commonly used for studying apical-basal polarity in breast development and disease and discuss advantages and limitations of each. We also provide examples of how core polarity proteins regulate branching morphogenesis and lactation during development. We describe alterations to core polarity genes in breast cancer and their associations with patient outcomes. The impact of up- or down-regulation of key polarity proteins in breast cancer initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance are discussed. We also introduce studies demonstrating that polarity programs are involved in regulating the stroma, either through epithelial-stroma crosstalk, or through signaling of polarity proteins in non-epithelial cell types. Overall, a key concept is that the function of individual polarity proteins is highly contextual, depending on developmental or cancer stage and cancer subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara K M Whitford
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shah HP, Devergne O. Confocal and Super-Resolution Imaging of Polarized Intracellular Trafficking and Secretion of Basement Membrane Proteins During Drosophila Oogenesis. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/63778. [PMID: 35662240 PMCID: PMC10325488 DOI: 10.3791/63778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The basement membrane (BM) - a specialized sheet of extracellular matrix present at the basal side of epithelial cells - is critical for the establishment and maintenance of epithelial tissue morphology and organ morphogenesis. Moreover, the BM is essential for tissue modeling, serving as a signaling platform, and providing external forces to shape tissues and organs. Despite the many important roles that the BM plays during normal development and pathological conditions, the biological pathways controlling the intracellular trafficking of BM-containing vesicles and how basal secretion leads to the polarized deposition of BM proteins are poorly understood. The follicular epithelium of the Drosophila ovary is an excellent model system to study the basal deposition of BM membrane proteins, as it produces and secretes all major components of the BM. Confocal and super-resolution imaging combined with image processing in fixed tissues allows for the identification and characterization of cellular factors specifically involved in the intracellular trafficking and deposition of BM proteins. This article presents a detailed protocol for staining and imaging BM-containing vesicles and deposited BM using endogenously tagged proteins in the follicular epithelium of the Drosophila ovary. This protocol can be applied to address both qualitative and quantitative questions and it was developed to accommodate high-throughput screening, allowing for the rapid and efficient identification of factors involved in the polarized intracellular trafficking and secretion of vesicles during epithelial tissue development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemin P Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University
| | - Olivier Devergne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee S, Chang J, Kang SM, Parigoris E, Lee JH, Huh YS, Takayama S. High-throughput formation and image-based analysis of basal-in mammary organoids in 384-well plates. Sci Rep 2022; 12:317. [PMID: 35013350 PMCID: PMC8748891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript describes a new method for forming basal-in MCF10A organoids using commercial 384-well ultra-low attachment (ULA) microplates and the development of associated live-cell imaging and automated analysis protocols. The use of a commercial 384-well ULA platform makes this method more broadly accessible than previously reported hanging drop systems and enables in-incubator automated imaging. Therefore, time points can be captured on a more frequent basis to improve tracking of early organoid formation and growth. However, one major challenge of live-cell imaging in multi-well plates is the rapid accumulation of large numbers of images. In this paper, an automated MATLAB script to handle the increased image load is developed. This analysis protocol utilizes morphological image processing to identify cellular structures within each image and quantify their circularity and size. Using this script, time-lapse images of aggregating and non-aggregating culture conditions are analyzed to profile early changes in size and circularity. Moreover, this high-throughput platform is applied to widely screen concentration combinations of Matrigel and epidermal growth factor (EGF) or heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) for their impact on organoid formation. These results can serve as a practical resource, guiding future research with basal-in MCF10A organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soojung Lee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan Chang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31066, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric Parigoris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sigurdardottir AK, Jonasdottir AS, Asbjarnarson A, Helgudottir HR, Gudjonsson T, Traustadottir GA. Peroxidasin Enhances Basal Phenotype and Inhibits Branching Morphogenesis in Breast Epithelial Progenitor Cell Line D492. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2021; 26:321-338. [PMID: 34964086 PMCID: PMC8858314 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-021-09507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human breast is composed of terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs) that are surrounded by stroma. In the TDLUs, basement membrane separates the stroma from the epithelial compartment, which is divided into an inner layer of luminal epithelial cells and an outer layer of myoepithelial cells. Stem cells and progenitor cells also reside within the epithelium and drive a continuous cycle of gland remodelling that occurs throughout the reproductive period. D492 is an epithelial cell line originally isolated from the stem cell population of the breast and generates both luminal and myoepithelial cells in culture. When D492 cells are embedded into 3D reconstituted basement membrane matrix (3D-rBM) they form branching colonies mimicking the TDLUs of the breast, thereby providing a well-suited in vitro model for studies on branching morphogenesis and breast development. Peroxidasin (PXDN) is a heme-containing peroxidase that crosslinks collagen IV with the formation of sulfilimine bonds. Previous studies indicate that PXDN plays an integral role in basement membrane stabilisation by crosslinking collagen IV and as such contributes to epithelial integrity. Although PXDN has been linked to fibrosis and cancer in some organs there is limited information on its role in development, including in the breast. In this study, we demonstrate expression of PXDN in breast epithelium and stroma and apply the D492 cell line to investigate the role of PXDN in cell differentiation and branching morphogenesis in the human breast. Overexpression of PXDN induced basal phenotype in D492 cells, loss of plasticity and inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as is displayed by complete inhibition of branching morphogenesis in 3D culture. This is supported by results from RNA-sequencing which show significant enrichment in genes involved in epithelial differentiation along with significant negative enrichment of EMT factors. Taken together, we provide evidence for a novel role of PXDN in breast epithelial differentiation and mammary gland development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karen Sigurdardottir
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Arna Steinunn Jonasdottir
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Arni Asbjarnarson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hildur Run Helgudottir
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Haematology, Landspitali - University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gunnhildur Asta Traustadottir
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arora D, Bhunia BK, Janani G, Mandal BB. Bioactive three-dimensional silk composite in vitro tumoroid model for high throughput screening of anticancer drugs. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 589:438-452. [PMID: 33485251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Modeling three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture systems recapitulating spatiotemporal characteristics of native tumor-mass has shown tremendous potential as a pre-clinical tool for drug screening. However, their applications in clinical settings are still limited due to inappropriate recapitulation of tumor topography, culture instability, and poor durability of niche support. EXPERIMENTS Here, we have fabricated a bio-active silk composite scaffold assimilating tunable silk from Bombyx mori and - arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) rich silk from Antheraea assama to provide a better 3D-matrix for breast (MCF 7) and liver (HepG2) tumoroids. Cellular mechanisms underlying physiological adaptations in 3D constructs and subsequent drug responses were compared with conventional monolayer and multicellular spheroid culture. FINDINGS Silk composite matrix assists prolonged growth and high metabolic activity (Cytochrome P450 reductase) in breast and liver 3D-tumoroids. Enhanced stemness expression (Cell surface adhesion receptor; CD44, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1) and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition markers (E-cadherin, Vimentin) at transcript and protein levels demonstrate that bio-active matrix-assisted 3D environment augmenting metastatic potential in tumoroids. Together, enhanced secretion of Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), anchorage-independency, and colony-forming potential of cells in the 3D-tumoroids further corroborates the aggressive behavior of cells. Moreover, the multilayered 3D-tumoroids exhibit decreased sensitivity to some known anticancer drugs (Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel). In conclusion, the bio-active silk composite matrix offers an advantage in developing robust and sustainable 3D tumoroids for a high-throughput drug screening platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Arora
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Bibhas K Bhunia
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - G Janani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kent AJ, Mayer N, Inman JL, Hochman-Mendez C, Bissell MJ, Robertson C. The microstructure of laminin-111 compensates for dystroglycan loss in mammary epithelial cells in downstream expression of milk proteins. Biomaterials 2019; 218:119337. [PMID: 31325803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Laminin-111 (Ln-1), an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein found in the basement membrane of mammary gland epithelia, is essential for lactation. In mammary epithelial cells (MECs), dystroglycan (Dg) is believed to be necessary for polymerization of laminin-111 into networks., thus we asked whether correct polymerization could compensate for Dg loss. Artificially polymerized laminin-111 and the laminin-glycoprotein mix Matrigel, both formed branching, spread networks with fractal dimensions from 1.7 to 1.8, whereas laminin-111 in neutral buffers formed small aggregates without fractal properties (a fractal dimension of 2). In Dg knockout cells, either polymerized laminin-111 or Matrigel readily attached to the cell surface, whereas aggregated laminin-111 did not. In contrast, polymerized and aggregated laminin-111 bound similarly to Dg knock-ins. Both polymerized laminin-111 and Matrigel promoted cell rounding, clustering, formation of tight junctions, and expression of milk proteins, whereas aggregated Ln-1 did not attach to cells or promote functional differentiation. These findings support that the microstructure of Ln-1 networks in the basement membrane regulates mammary epithelial cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Kent
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd. MS 977, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - N Mayer
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd. MS 977, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - J L Inman
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd. MS 977, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - C Hochman-Mendez
- Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - M J Bissell
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd. MS 977, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - C Robertson
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd. MS 977, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Lab. 7000 East Ave. Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chhetri A, Chittiboyina S, Atrian F, Bai Y, Delisi DA, Rahimi R, Garner J, Efremov Y, Park K, Talhouk R, Lelièvre SA. Cell Culture and Coculture for Oncological Research in Appropriate Microenvironments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 11:e65. [PMID: 31166658 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the increase in knowledge on the importance of the tumor microenvironment, cell culture models of cancers can be adapted to better recapitulate physiologically relevant situations. Three main microenvironmental factors influence tumor phenotype: the biochemical components that stimulate cells, the fibrous molecules that influence the stiffness of the extracellular matrix, and noncancerous cells like epithelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells. Here we present methods for the culture of carcinomas in the presence of a matrix of specific stiffness, and for the coculture of tumors and fibroblasts as well as epithelial cells in the presence of matrix. Information is provided to help with choice and assessment of the matrix support and in working with serum-free medium. Using the example of a tissue chip recapitulating the environmental geometry of carcinomas, we also highlight the development of engineered platforms that provide exquisite control of cell culture parameters necessary in research and development. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apekshya Chhetri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Shirisha Chittiboyina
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana.,3D Cell Culture Core (3D3C) Facility, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Farzaneh Atrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Yunfeng Bai
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Davide A Delisi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Birck Nanotechnology Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Yuri Efremov
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Kinam Park
- Akina, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Rabih Talhouk
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sophie A Lelièvre
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana.,3D Cell Culture Core (3D3C) Facility, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bazzoun D, Adissu HA, Wang L, Urazaev A, Tenvooren I, Fostok SF, Chittiboyina S, Sturgis J, Hodges K, Chandramouly G, Vidi PA, Talhouk RS, Lelièvre SA. Connexin 43 maintains tissue polarity and regulates mitotic spindle orientation in the breast epithelium. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.223313. [PMID: 30992345 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.223313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is essential for tissue homeostasis, but its contribution to disease prevention remains to be understood. We demonstrate the involvement of connexin 43 (Cx43, also known as GJA1) and related gap junction in epithelial homeostasis, illustrated by polarity-mediated cell cycle entry and mitotic spindle orientation (MSO). Cx43 localization is restricted to the apicolateral membrane of phenotypically normal breast luminal epithelial cells in 3D culture and in vivo Chemically induced blockade of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC), as well as the absence of Cx43, disrupt the apicolateral distribution of polarity determinant tight junction marker ZO-1 (also known as TJP1) and lead to random MSO and cell multilayering. Induced expression of Cx43 in cells that normally lack this protein reestablishes polarity and proper MSO in 3D culture. Cx43-directed MSO implicates PI3K-aPKC signaling, and Cx43 co-precipitates with signaling node proteins β-catenin (CTNNB1) and ZO-2 (also known as TJP2) in the polarized epithelium. The distribution of Cx43 is altered by pro-inflammatory breast cancer risk factors such as leptin and high-fat diet, as shown in cell culture and on tissue biopsy sections. The control of polarity-mediated quiescence and MSO may contribute to the tumor-suppressive role of Cx43.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bazzoun
- Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, 11-0236 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - H A Adissu
- Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - L Wang
- Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - A Urazaev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - I Tenvooren
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - S F Fostok
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, 11-0236 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - S Chittiboyina
- Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J Sturgis
- Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - K Hodges
- Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - G Chandramouly
- Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - P-A Vidi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - R S Talhouk
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, 11-0236 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - S A Lelièvre
- Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA .,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Reid JA, Mollica PA, Bruno RD, Sachs PC. Consistent and reproducible cultures of large-scale 3D mammary epithelial structures using an accessible bioprinting platform. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:122. [PMID: 30305139 PMCID: PMC6180647 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture techniques, such as those used for mammary epithelial cells, rely on random distribution of cells within hydrogels. Although these systems offer advantages over traditional 2D models, limitations persist owing to the lack of control over cellular placement within the hydrogel. This results in experimental inconsistencies and random organoid morphology. Robust, high-throughput experimentation requires greater standardization of 3D epithelial culture techniques. METHODS Here, we detail the use of a 3D bioprinting platform as an investigative tool to control the 3D formation of organoids through the "self-assembly" of human mammary epithelial cells. Experimental bioprinting procedures were optimized to enable the formation of controlled arrays of individual mammary organoids. We define the distance and cell number parameters necessary to print individual organoids that do not interact between print locations as well as those required to generate large contiguous organoids connected through multiple print locations. RESULTS We demonstrate that as few as 10 cells can be used to form 3D mammary structures in a single print and that prints up to 500 μm apart can fuse to form single large structures. Using these fusion parameters, we demonstrate that both linear and non-linear (contiguous circles) can be generated with sizes of 3 mm in length/diameter. We confirm that cells from individual prints interact to form structures with a contiguous lumen. Finally, we demonstrate that organoids can be printed into human collagen hydrogels, allowing for all-human 3D culture systems. CONCLUSIONS Our platform is adaptable to different culturing protocols and is superior to traditional random 3D culture techniques in efficiency, reproducibility, and scalability. Importantly, owing to the low-cost accessibility and computer numerical control-driven platform of our 3D bioprinter, we have the ability to disseminate our experiments with absolute precision to interested laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Reid
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Engineering, Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Peter A Mollica
- School of Medical Diagnostic & Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Robert D Bruno
- School of Medical Diagnostic & Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA.
| | - Patrick C Sachs
- School of Medical Diagnostic & Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Suresh PK. Breast Cancer Heterogeneity: A focus on Epigenetics and In Vitro 3D Model Systems. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:302-311. [PMID: 29845782 PMCID: PMC6004987 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.5442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a widely prevalent form of neoplasia in women with fairly alarming mortality statistics. This aspect may
be attributed, in part, to the current spatial and temporal heterogeneity-based limitations in therapies with possible recurrence
of this tumour at primary and/or secondary sites. Such an extensive phenotypic heterogeneity in breast cancer is unlikely to be
adequately or completely comprehended by an immuno-histopathology-based classification alone. This finding has warranted
research and development in the area of microarray-based methods (i.e. transcriptomic and proteomic chips) for an improved
molecular classification of this complex and heterogeneous tumour. Further, since epigenetics can also be an important
determinant in terms of diagnosis, prognosis and therapy, this review provides an insight into the molecular portrait of BC in
genetic and epigenetic terms. Specifically, the roles of characteristic DNA and histone-based modifications as well as mi-RNA-
based alterations have been discussed with specific examples. Also, their involvement in epithelial mesenchymal transition
(EMT) processes in cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been outlined. Last but not least, the salient aspects and the advantages
of ex vivo/in vitro 3D model systems in recapitulating several aspects of BC tumour (particularly the architecture as well as
the apico-basal polarity) are mentioned. This review hopes to provide not only an improved and updated understanding of
the epigenetics of breast cancer, but to also elaborate on tumour model development/refinement, biomarker evaluation, drug
resistance and test of individual drugs or drug combinations and drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palamadai Krishnan Suresh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu.Electronic Address:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The basement membrane is a thin but dense, sheet-like specialized type of extracellular matrix that has remarkably diverse functions tailored to individual tissues and organs. Tightly controlled spatial and temporal changes in its composition and structure contribute to the diversity of basement membrane functions. These different basement membranes undergo dynamic transformations throughout animal life, most notably during development. Numerous developmental mechanisms are regulated or mediated by basement membranes, often by a combination of molecular and mechanical processes. A particularly important process involves cell transmigration through a basement membrane because of its link to cell invasion in disease. While developmental and disease processes share some similarities, what clearly distinguishes the two is dysregulation of cells and extracellular matrices in disease. With its relevance to many developmental and disease processes, the basement membrane is a vitally important area of research that may provide novel insights into biological mechanisms and development of innovative therapeutic approaches. Here we present a review of developmental and disease dynamics of basement membranes in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, and vertebrates.
Collapse
|
18
|
Shaalan A, Carpenter G, Proctor G. Epithelial disruptions, but not immune cell invasion, induced secretory dysfunction following innate immune activation in a novel model of acute salivary gland injury. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 47:211-219. [PMID: 29160910 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary gland (SG) injurious agents are all translated into loss of salivation (xerostomia). An association has been established between activation of innate immunity and SG injury and dysfunction. However, it remains unclear how the secretory epithelia respond by halting saliva production. METHODS C57BL/6 submandibular glands (SMGs) were acutely challenged using a single dose of the innate immune stimulant: polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)). Secretory capacity of the infected SMGs was substantiated by assessing the flow rate in response to pilocarpine stimulation. Depletion of the acute inflammatory cells was achieved by pre-treating mice with RB6-8C5 depletion antibody. Flow cytometry, histology and immunohistochemistry were conducted to verify the immune cell depletion. Epithelial expression of saliva-driving molecules: muscarinic 3 receptor (M3R), aquaporin 5 water channel (AQP5), Na-K-CL-Cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A), was characterized using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Tight junction (TJ) protein; zonula occludens (ZO-1) and basement membrane (BM) protein; and laminin were assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Innate immune challenge prompted dysfunction in the exocrine SGs. Dysregulated gene and protein expression of molecules that drive saliva secretion was substantiated. Aberrant expression of TJ and BM proteins followed innate immune activation. Hyposalivation in the current model was independent of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive, acute inflammatory cells. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we developed a novel injury model of the SGs, featuring acute secretory dysfunction and immediate structural disruptions. Our results ruled out the injurious role of aggressively infiltrating inflammatory cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Shaalan
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Guy Carpenter
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gordon Proctor
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Häder DP, Braun M, Grimm D, Hemmersbach R. Gravireceptors in eukaryotes-a comparison of case studies on the cellular level. NPJ Microgravity 2017; 3:13. [PMID: 28649635 PMCID: PMC5460273 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-017-0018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have selected five evolutionary very different biological systems ranging from unicellular protists via algae and higher plants to human cells showing responses to the gravity vector of the Earth in order to compare their graviperception mechanisms. All these systems use a mass, which may either by a heavy statolith or the whole content of the cell heavier than the surrounding medium to operate on a gravireceptor either by exerting pressure or by pulling on a cytoskeletal element. In many cases the receptor seems to be a mechanosensitive ion channel activated by the gravitational force which allows a gated ion flux across the membrane when activated. This has been identified in many systems to be a calcium current, which in turn activates subsequent elements of the sensory transduction chain, such as calmodulin, which in turn results in the activation of ubiquitous enzymes, gene expression activation or silencing. Naturally, the subsequent responses to the gravity stimulus differ widely between the systems ranging from orientational movement and directed growth to physiological reactions and adaptation to the environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donat-P. Häder
- Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dept. Biol. Neue Str. 9, Emeritus from Friedrich-Alexander Universität, Möhrendorf, 91096 Germany
| | - Markus Braun
- Gravitational Biology, Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, 53115 Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK 8000 Denmark
| | - Ruth Hemmersbach
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, DLR (German Aerospace Center), Cologne, Linder Höhe 51147 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Belair DG, Abbott BD. Engineering epithelial-stromal interactions in vitro for toxicology assessment. Toxicology 2017; 382:93-107. [PMID: 28285100 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between epithelial and stromal cells drives the morphogenesis of ectodermal organs during development and promotes normal mature adult epithelial tissue homeostasis. Epithelial-stromal interactions (ESIs) have historically been examined using mammalian models and ex vivo tissue recombination. Although these approaches have elucidated signaling mechanisms underlying embryonic morphogenesis processes and adult mammalian epithelial tissue function, they are limited by the availability of tissue, low throughput, and human developmental or physiological relevance. In this review, we describe how bioengineered ESIs, using either human stem cells or co-cultures of human primary epithelial and stromal cells, have enabled the development of human in vitro epithelial tissue models that recapitulate the architecture, phenotype, and function of adult human epithelial tissues. We discuss how the strategies used to engineer mature epithelial tissue models in vitro could be extrapolated to instruct the design of organotypic culture models that can recapitulate the structure of embryonic ectodermal tissues and enable the in vitro assessment of events critical to organ/tissue morphogenesis. Given the importance of ESIs towards normal epithelial tissue development and function, such models present a unique opportunity for toxicological screening assays to incorporate ESIs to assess the impact of chemicals on mature and developing epidermal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Belair
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Toxicity Assessment Division, Developmental Toxicology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States.
| | - Barbara D Abbott
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Toxicity Assessment Division, Developmental Toxicology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jorgens DM, Inman JL, Wojcik M, Robertson C, Palsdottir H, Tsai WT, Huang H, Bruni-Cardoso A, López CS, Bissell MJ, Xu K, Auer M. Deep nuclear invaginations are linked to cytoskeletal filaments - integrated bioimaging of epithelial cells in 3D culture. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:177-189. [PMID: 27505896 PMCID: PMC5394780 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.190967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of context in regulation of gene expression is now an accepted principle; yet the mechanism by which the microenvironment communicates with the nucleus and chromatin in healthy tissues is poorly understood. A functional role for nuclear and cytoskeletal architecture is suggested by the phenotypic differences observed between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Capitalizing on recent advances in cryogenic techniques, volume electron microscopy and super-resolution light microscopy, we studied human mammary epithelial cells in three-dimensional (3D) cultures forming growth-arrested acini. Intriguingly, we found deep nuclear invaginations and tunnels traversing the nucleus, encasing cytoskeletal actin and/or intermediate filaments, which connect to the outer nuclear envelope. The cytoskeleton is also connected both to other cells through desmosome adhesion complexes and to the extracellular matrix through hemidesmosomes. This finding supports a physical and/or mechanical link from the desmosomes and hemidesmosomes to the nucleus, which had previously been hypothesized but now is visualized for the first time. These unique structures, including the nuclear invaginations and the cytoskeletal connectivity to the cell nucleus, are consistent with a dynamic reciprocity between the nucleus and the outside of epithelial cells and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Jorgens
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS Donner, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jamie L Inman
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michal Wojcik
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Claire Robertson
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hildur Palsdottir
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS Donner, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wen-Ting Tsai
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS Donner, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Haina Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alexandre Bruni-Cardoso
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Biochemistry Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Claudia S López
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Mina J Bissell
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS Donner, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Manfred Auer
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS Donner, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Human eccrine sweat gland cells reconstitute polarized spheroids when subcutaneously implanted with Matrigel in nude mice. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:485-90. [PMID: 27492422 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that maintenance of cell polarity plays a pivotal role in the regulation of glandular homeostasis and function. We examine the markers for polarity at different time points to investigate the formation of cell polarity during 3D reconstitution of eccrine sweat glands. Mixtures of eccrine sweat gland cells and Matrigel were injected subcutaneously into the inguinal regions of nude mice. At 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks post-implantation, Matrigel plugs were removed and immunostained for basal collagen IV, lateral β-catenin, lateroapical ZO-1 and apical F-actin. The results showed that the cell polarity of the spheroids appeared in sequence. Formation of basal polarity was prior to lateral, apical and lateroapical polarity. Collagen IV was detected basally at 2 weeks, β-catenin laterally and ZO-1 lateroapically at 3 weeks, and F-actin apically at 4 weeks post-implantation. At week 5 and week 6, the localization and the positive percentage of collagen IV, β-catenin, ZO-1 or F-actin in spheroids was similar to that in native eccrine sweat glands. We conclude that the reconstituted 3D eccrine sweat glands are functional or potentially functional.
Collapse
|
23
|
Identifications of novel mechanisms in breast cancer cells involving duct-like multicellular spheroid formation after exposure to the Random Positioning Machine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26887. [PMID: 27230828 PMCID: PMC4882535 DOI: 10.1038/srep26887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cell types form three-dimensional aggregates (MCS; multicellular spheroids), when they are cultured under microgravity. MCS often resemble the organ, from which the cells have been derived. In this study we investigated human MCF-7 breast cancer cells after a 2 h-, 4 h-, 16 h-, 24 h- and 5d-exposure to a Random Positioning Machine (RPM) simulating microgravity. At 24 h few small compact MCS were detectable, whereas after 5d many MCS were floating in the supernatant above the cells, remaining adherently (AD). The MCS resembled the ducts formed in vivo by human epithelial breast cells. In order to clarify the underlying mechanisms, we harvested MCS and AD cells separately from each RPM-culture and measured the expression of 29 selected genes with a known involvement in MCS formation. qPCR analyses indicated that cytoskeletal genes were unaltered in short-term samples. IL8, VEGFA, and FLT1 were upregulated in 2 h/4 h AD-cultures. The ACTB, TUBB, EZR, RDX, FN1, VEGFA, FLK1 Casp9, Casp3, PRKCA mRNAs were downregulated in 5d-MCS-samples. ESR1 was upregulated in AD, and PGR1 in both phenotypes after 5d. A pathway analysis revealed that the corresponding gene products are involved in organization and regulation of the cell shape, in cell tip formation and membrane to membrane docking.
Collapse
|
24
|
Falkenberg N, Höfig I, Rosemann M, Szumielewski J, Richter S, Schorpp K, Hadian K, Aubele M, Atkinson MJ, Anastasov N. Three-dimensional microtissues essentially contribute to preclinical validations of therapeutic targets in breast cancer. Cancer Med 2016; 5:703-10. [PMID: 26763588 PMCID: PMC4831289 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3D microtissues using T47D and JIMT‐1 cells were generated to analyze tissue‐like response of breast cancer cells after combined human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐targeted treatment and radiation. Following lentiviral knockdown of HER2, we compared growth rate alterations using 2D monolayers, 3D microtissues, and mouse xenografts. Additionally, to model combined therapeutic strategies, we treated HER2‐depleted T47D cells and 3D microtissues using trastuzumab (anti‐HER2 antibody) in combination with irradiation. Comparison of HER2 knockdown with corresponding controls revealed growth impairment due to HER2 knockdown in T47D 2D monolayers, 3D microtissues, and xenografts (after 2, 12, and ≥40 days, respectively). In contrast, HER2 knockdown was less effective in inhibiting growth of trastuzumab‐resistant JIMT‐1 cells in vitro and in vivo. Combined administration of trastuzumab and radiation treatment was also analyzed using T47D 3D microtissues. Administration of both, radiation (5 Gy) and trastuzumab, significantly enhanced the growth inhibiting effect in 3D microtissues. To improve the predictive power of potential drugs—as single agents or in combination—here, we show that regarding tumor growth analyses, 3D microtissues are highly comparable to outcomes derived from xenografts. Considering increased limitations for animal experiments on the one hand and strong need of novel drugs on the other hand, it is indispensable to include highly reproducible 3D microtissue platform in preclinical analyses to validate more accurately the capacity of future drug‐combined radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Falkenberg
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ines Höfig
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Rosemann
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Justine Szumielewski
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Richter
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kenji Schorpp
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Aubele
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Radiation Biology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Nataša Anastasov
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chambers KF, Mosaad EMO, Russell PJ, Clements JA, Doran MR. 3D Cultures of prostate cancer cells cultured in a novel high-throughput culture platform are more resistant to chemotherapeutics compared to cells cultured in monolayer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111029. [PMID: 25380249 PMCID: PMC4224379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite monolayer cultures being widely used for cancer drug development and testing, 2D cultures tend to be hypersensitive to chemotherapy and are relatively poor predictors of whether a drug will provide clinical benefit. Whilst generally more complicated, three dimensional (3D) culture systems often better recapitulate true cancer architecture and provide a more accurate drug response. As a step towards making 3D cancer cultures more accessible, we have developed a microwell platform and surface modification protocol to enable high throughput manufacture of 3D cancer aggregates. Herein we use this novel system to characterize prostate cancer cell microaggregates, including growth kinetics and drug sensitivity. Our results indicate that prostate cancer cells are viable in this system, however some non-cancerous prostate cell lines are not. This system allows us to consistently control for the presence or absence of an apoptotic core in the 3D cancer microaggregates. Similar to tumor tissues, the 3D microaggregates display poor polarity. Critically the response of 3D microaggregates to the chemotherapeutic drug, docetaxel, is more consistent with in vivo results than the equivalent 2D controls. Cumulatively, our results demonstrate that these prostate cancer microaggregates better recapitulate the morphology of prostate tumors compared to 2D and can be used for high-throughput drug testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen F. Chambers
- Stem Cell Therapies Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eman M. O. Mosaad
- Stem Cell Therapies Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela J. Russell
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith A. Clements
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael R. Doran
- Stem Cell Therapies Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hernandez-Gordillo V, Chmielewski J. Mimicking the extracellular matrix with functionalized, metal-assembled collagen peptide scaffolds. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7363-73. [PMID: 24933513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic three-dimensional (3-D) scaffolds that mimic the microenvironment of the extracellular matrix (ECM), with growth factor storage/release and the display of cell adhesion signals, offer numerous advantages for regenerative medicine and in vitro morphogenesis and oncogenesis modeling. Here we report the design of collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) that assemble into a highly crosslinked 3-D matrix in response to metal ion stimuli, that may be functionalized with His-tagged cargoes, such as green fluorescent protein (GFP-His8) and human epidermal growth factor (hEGF-His6). The bound hEGF-His6 was found to gradually release from the matrix in vitro and induce cell proliferation in the EGF-dependent cell line MCF10A. The additional incorporation of a cell adhesion sequence (RGDS) at the N-terminus of the CMP creates an environment that facilitated the organization of matrix-encapsulated MCF10A cells into spheroid structures, thus mimicking the ECM environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vidi PA, Leary JF, Lelièvre SA. Building risk-on-a-chip models to improve breast cancer risk assessment and prevention. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 5:1110-8. [PMID: 23681255 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40053k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Preventive actions for chronic diseases hold the promise of improving lives and reducing healthcare costs. For several diseases, including breast cancer, multiple risk and protective factors have been identified by epidemiologists. The impact of most of these factors has yet to be fully understood at the organism, tissue, cellular and molecular levels. Importantly, combinations of external and internal risk and protective factors involve cooperativity thus, synergizing or antagonizing disease onset. Models are needed to mechanistically decipher cancer risks under defined cellular and microenvironmental conditions. Here, we briefly review breast cancer risk models based on 3D cell culture and propose to improve risk modeling with lab-on-a-chip approaches. We suggest epithelial tissue polarity, DNA repair and epigenetic profiles as endpoints in risk assessment models and discuss the development of 'risks-on-chips' integrating biosensors of these endpoints and of general tissue homeostasis. Risks-on-chips will help identify biomarkers of risk, serve as screening platforms for cancer preventive agents, and provide a better understanding of risk mechanisms, hence resulting in novel developments in disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alexandre Vidi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, Lynn Hall, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zegers MM. 3D in vitro cell culture models of tube formation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 31:132-40. [PMID: 24613912 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Building the complex architecture of tubular organs is a highly dynamic process that involves cell migration, polarization, shape changes, adhesion to neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix, physicochemical characteristics of the extracellular matrix and reciprocal signaling with the mesenchyme. Understanding these processes in vivo has been challenging as they take place over extended time periods deep within the developing organism. Here, I will discuss 3D in vitro models that have been crucial to understand many of the molecular and cellular mechanisms and key concepts underlying branching morphogenesis in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam M Zegers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Department of Cell Biology, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bhat R, Bissell MJ. Of plasticity and specificity: dialectics of the microenvironment and macroenvironment and the organ phenotype. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2013; 3:147-63. [PMID: 24719287 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of biological form and how it arises is the domain of the developmental biologists; but once the form is achieved, the organ poses a fascinating conundrum for all the life scientists: how are form and function maintained in adult organs throughout most of the life of the organism? That they do appears to contradict the inherently plastic nature of organogenesis during development. How do cells with the same genetic information arrive at, and maintain such different architectures and functions, and how do they keep remembering that they are different from each other? It is now clear that narratives based solely on genes and an irreversible regulatory dynamics cannot answer these questions satisfactorily, and the concept of microenvironmental signaling needs to be added to the equation. During development, cells rearrange and differentiate in response to diffusive morphogens, juxtacrine signals, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). These components, which constitute the modular microenvironment, are sensitive to cues from other tissues and organs of the developing embryo as well as from the external macroenvironment. On the other hand, once the organ is formed, these modular constituents integrate and constrain the organ architecture, which ensures structural and functional homeostasis and therefore, organ specificity. We argue here that a corollary of the above is that once the organ architecture is compromised in adults by mutations or by changes in the microenvironment such as aging or inflammation, that organ becomes subjected to the developmental and embryonic circuits in search of a new identity. But since the microenvironment is no longer embryonic, the confusion leads to cancer: hence as we have argued, tumors become new evolutionary organs perhaps in search of an elusive homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramray Bhat
- Department of Cancer & DNA Damage Responses, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hasson SA, Inglese J. Innovation in academic chemical screening: filling the gaps in chemical biology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:329-38. [PMID: 23683346 PMCID: PMC3719966 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Academic screening centers across the world have endeavored to discover small molecules that can modulate biological systems. To increase the reach of functional-genomic and chemical screening programs, universities, research institutes, and governments have followed their industrial counterparts in adopting high-throughput paradigms. As academic screening efforts have steadily grown in scope and complexity, so have the ideas of what is possible with the union of technology and biology. This review addresses the recent conceptual and technological innovation that has been propelling academic screening into its own unique niche. In particular, high-content and whole-organism screening are changing how academics search for novel bioactive compounds. Importantly, we recognize examples of successful chemical probe development that have punctuated the changing technology landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Hasson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shin CS, Kwak B, Han B, Park K. Development of an in vitro 3D tumor model to study therapeutic efficiency of an anticancer drug. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2167-75. [PMID: 23461341 DOI: 10.1021/mp300595a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The importance and advantages of three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have been well-recognized. Tumor cells cultured in a 3D culture system as multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS) can bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo anticancer drug evaluations. An in vitro 3D tumor model capable of providing close predictions of in vivo drug efficacy will enhance our understanding, design, and development of better drug delivery systems. Here, we developed an in vitro 3D tumor model by adapting the hydrogel template strategy to culture uniformly sized spheroids in a hydrogel scaffold containing microwells. The in vitro 3D tumor model was to closely simulate an in vivo solid tumor and its microenvironment for evaluation of anticancer drug delivery systems. MTS cultured in the hydrogel scaffold are used to examine the effect of culture conditions on the drug responses. Free MTS released from the scaffold are transferred to a microfluidic channel to simulate a dynamic in vivo microenvironment. The in vitro 3D tumor model that mimics biologically relevant parameters of in vivo microenvironments such as cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions, and a dynamic environment would be a valuable device to examine efficiency of anticancer drug and targeting specificity. These models have potential to provide in vivo correlated information to improve and optimize drug delivery systems for an effective chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal S Shin
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Disruption of precise regulation of αPKC expression and cellular localization is associated with cervical cancer progression. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 288:401-8. [PMID: 23443606 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-2770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the pathogenesis of cervical cancer (CC) associated with polarity protein αPKC and the potential roles of αPKC in clinical management of CC. METHODS Tissue samples were collected from women who received colposcopy biopsy or hysterectomy surgery, including 9 CIN1, 8 CIN2, 15 CIN3, and 12 invasive cervical squamous cancer (ICC). 16 normal controls were from the normal region of tumor samples, HE and immunofluorescence staining of αPKC were performed on these samples. ANOVA and Kruslal-wallis test were used to quantitate the abnormal distribution and expression level of αPKC among different cervical lesions. RESULTS Disruption of polarized apical localization and increased cytoplasmic accumulation of αPKC were identified in cervical lesions. In normal cervical epithelium, αPKC was detected on the apical membrane of endocervical columnar epithelial cells and of exocervical epithelial cells located at basal layer of squamous epithelium. While in squamous metaplasia, a precancerous lesion of cervical neoplasia, the polarized apical membrane localization of αPKC was disrupted, and intensed cytoplasmic accumulation was identified in the immature squamous metaplastic cells. Compared with normal cervix, number of epithelial cells with abnormal αPKC distribution was progressively increased in CINs and ICC (P < 0.05), and cytoplasmic accumulation of αPKC was increased in CIN2, CIN3, and ICC compared with CIN1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Disruption of polarized apical localization and increased cytoplasmic accumulation of αPKC were associated with CC progression, indicating that precise regulation of αPKC may play important roles in CC progression, and αPKC may be a potential molecular target for clinical diagnoses and treatment of CC.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Cell polarity is fundamental for the architecture and function of epithelial tissues. Epithelial polarization requires the intervention of several fundamental cell processes, whose integration in space and time is only starting to be elucidated. To understand what governs the building of epithelial tissues during development, it is essential to consider the polarization process in the context of the whole tissue. To this end, the development of three-dimensional organotypic cell culture models has brought new insights into the mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of higher-order epithelial tissue architecture, and in the dynamic remodeling of cell polarity that often occurs during development of epithelial organs. Here we discuss some important aspects of mammalian epithelial morphogenesis, from the establishment of cell polarity to epithelial tissue generation.
Collapse
|
34
|
Vidi PA, Bissell MJ, Lelièvre SA. Three-dimensional culture of human breast epithelial cells: the how and the why. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 945:193-219. [PMID: 23097109 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Organs are made of the organized assembly of different cell types that contribute to the architecture necessary for functional differentiation. In those with exocrine function, such as the breast, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions establish mechanistic constraints and a complex biochemical signaling network essential for differentiation and homeostasis of the glandular epithelium. Such knowledge has been elegantly acquired for the mammary gland by placing epithelial cells under three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions.Three-dimensional cell culture aims at recapitulating normal and pathological tissue architectures, hence providing physiologically relevant models to study normal development and disease. The specific architecture of the breast epithelium consists of glandular structures (acini) connected to a branched ductal system. A single layer of basoapically polarized luminal cells delineates ductal or acinar lumena at the apical pole. Luminal cells make contact with myoepithelial cells and, in certain areas at the basal pole, also with basement membrane (BM) components. In this chapter, we describe how this exquisite organization as well as stages of disorganization pertaining to cancer progression can be reproduced in 3D cultures. Advantages and limitations of different culture settings are discussed. Technical designs for induction of phenotypic modulations, biochemical analyses, and state-of-the-art imaging are presented. We also explain how signaling is regulated differently in 3D cultures compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. We believe that using 3D cultures is an indispensable method to unravel the intricacies of human mammary functions and would best serve the fight against breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alexandre Vidi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Breast cancer incidence is rising worldwide with an increase in aggressive neoplasias in young women. Possible factors involved include lifestyle changes, notably diet that is known to make an impact on gene transcription. However, among dietary factors, there is sufficient support for only greater body weight and alcohol consumption whereas numerous studies revealing an impact of specific diets and nutrients on breast cancer risk show conflicting results. Also, little information is available from middle- and low-income countries. The diversity of gene expression profiles found in breast cancers indicates that transcription control is critical for the outcome of the disease. This suggests the need for studies on nutrients that affect epigenetic mechanisms of transcription, such as DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones. In the present review, a new examination of the relationship between diet and breast cancer based on transcription control is proposed in light of epidemiological, animal and clinical studies. The mechanisms underlying the impact of diets on breast cancer development and factors that impede reaching clear conclusions are discussed. Understanding the interaction between nutrition and epigenetics (gene expression control via chromatin structure) is critical in light of the influence of diet during early stages of mammary gland development on breast cancer risk, suggesting a persistent effect on gene expression as shown by the influence of certain nutrients on DNA methylation. Successful development of breast cancer prevention strategies will require appropriate models, identification of biological markers for rapid assessment of preventive interventions, and coordinated worldwide research to discern the effects of diet.
Collapse
|
36
|
Magudia K, Lahoz A, Hall A. K-Ras and B-Raf oncogenes inhibit colon epithelial polarity establishment through up-regulation of c-myc. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 198:185-94. [PMID: 22826122 PMCID: PMC3410422 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201202108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ERK-mediated up-regulation of c-myc by K-Ras or B-Raf oncogenes disrupts the establishment of apical/basolateral polarity independently of its effect on proliferation. KRAS, BRAF, and PI3KCA are the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human colon cancer. To explore their effects on morphogenesis, we used the colon cancer–derived cell line Caco-2. When seeded in extracellular matrix, individual cells proliferate and generate hollow, polarized cysts. The expression of oncogenic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3KCA H1047R) in Caco-2 has no effect, but K-Ras V12 or B-Raf V600E disrupts polarity and tight junctions and promotes hyperproliferation, resulting in large, filled structures. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) kinase blocks the disruption of morphology, as well as the increased levels of c-myc protein induced by K-Ras V12 and B-Raf V600E. Apical polarity is already established after the first cell division (two-cell stage) in Caco-2 three-dimensional cultures. This is disrupted by expression of K-Ras V12 or B-Raf V600E but can be rescued by ribonucleic acid interference–mediated depletion of c-myc. We conclude that ERK-mediated up-regulation of c-myc by K-Ras or B-Raf oncogenes disrupts the establishment of apical/basolateral polarity in colon epithelial cells independently of its effect on proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Magudia
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lühr I, Friedl A, Overath T, Tholey A, Kunze T, Hilpert F, Sebens S, Arnold N, Rösel F, Oberg HH, Maass N, Mundhenke C, Jonat W, Bauer M. Mammary fibroblasts regulate morphogenesis of normal and tumorigenic breast epithelial cells by mechanical and paracrine signals. Cancer Lett 2012; 325:175-88. [PMID: 22776560 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Stromal factors play a critical role in the development of the mammary gland. Using a three dimensional-coculture model we demonstrate a significant role for stromal fibroblasts in the regulation of normal mammary epithelial morphogenesis and the control of tumor growth. Both soluble factors secreted by fibroblasts and fibroblast-derived modifications of the matrix compliance contribute to the regulation of epithelial cell morphogenesis. Readjustment of matrix tension by fibroblasts can even induce a phenotypic reversion of breast carcinoma cells. These data offer a basis to develop new strategies for the normalization of the tumor stroma as an innovative target in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inke Lühr
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yue S, Cárdenas-Mora JM, Chaboub LS, Lelièvre SA, Cheng JX. Label-free analysis of breast tissue polarity by Raman imaging of lipid phase. Biophys J 2012; 102:1215-23. [PMID: 22404944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of the basoapical polarity axis in epithelia is critical for maintaining the homeostasis of differentiated tissues. Factors that influence cancer development notoriously affect tissue organization. Apical polarity appears as a specific tissue feature that, once disrupted, would facilitate the onset of mammary tumors. Thus, developing means to rapidly measure apical polarity alterations would greatly favor screening for factors that endanger the breast epithelium. A Raman scattering-based platform was used for label-free determination of apical polarity in live breast glandular structures (acini) produced in three-dimensional cell culture. The coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering signal permitted the visualization of the apical and basal surfaces of an acinus. Raman microspectroscopy subsequently revealed that polarized acini lipids were more ordered at the apical membranes compared to basal membranes, and that an inverse situation occurred in acini that lost apical polarity upon treatment with Ca(2+)-chelator EGTA. This method overcame variation between different cultures by tracking the status of apical polarity longitudinally for the same acini. Therefore, the disruption of apical polarity by a dietary breast cancer risk factor, ω6 fatty acid, could be observed with this method, even when the effect was too moderate to permit a conclusive assessment by the traditional immunostaining method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Yue
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vidi PA, Chandramouly G, Gray M, Wang L, Liu E, Kim JJ, Roukos V, Bissell MJ, Moghe PV, Lelièvre SA. Interconnected contribution of tissue morphogenesis and the nuclear protein NuMA to the DNA damage response. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:350-61. [PMID: 22331358 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.089177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissue morphogenesis is accompanied by the formation of a polarity axis--a feature of tissue architecture that is initiated by the binding of integrins to the basement membrane. Polarity plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis, preserving differentiation, cell survival and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs among others. An important aspect in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis is genome integrity. As normal tissues frequently experience DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), we asked how tissue architecture might participate in the DNA damage response. Using 3D culture models that mimic mammary glandular morphogenesis and tumor formation, we show that DSB repair activity is higher in basally polarized tissues, regardless of the malignant status of cells, and is controlled by hemidesmosomal integrin signaling. In the absence of glandular morphogenesis, in 2D flat monolayer cultures, basal polarity does not affect DNA repair activity but enhances H2AX phosphorylation, an early chromatin response to DNA damage. The nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1 (NuMA), which controls breast glandular morphogenesis by acting on the organization of chromatin, displays a polarity-dependent pattern and redistributes in the cell nucleus of basally polarized cells upon the induction of DSBs. This is shown using high-content analysis of nuclear morphometric descriptors. Furthermore, silencing NuMA impairs H2AX phosphorylation--thus, tissue polarity and NuMA cooperate to maintain genome integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alexandre Vidi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Daley WP, Gervais EM, Centanni SW, Gulfo KM, Nelson DA, Larsen M. ROCK1-directed basement membrane positioning coordinates epithelial tissue polarity. Development 2012; 139:411-22. [PMID: 22186730 PMCID: PMC3243099 DOI: 10.1242/dev.075366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The basement membrane is crucial for epithelial tissue organization and function. However, the mechanisms by which basement membrane is restricted to the basal periphery of epithelial tissues and the basement membrane-mediated signals that regulate coordinated tissue organization are not well defined. Here, we report that Rho kinase (ROCK) controls coordinated tissue organization by restricting basement membrane to the epithelial basal periphery in developing mouse submandibular salivary glands, and that ROCK inhibition results in accumulation of ectopic basement membrane throughout the epithelial compartment. ROCK-regulated restriction of PAR-1b (MARK2) localization in the outer basal epithelial cell layer is required for basement membrane positioning at the tissue periphery. PAR-1b is specifically required for basement membrane deposition, as inhibition of PAR-1b kinase activity prevents basement membrane deposition and disrupts overall tissue organization, and suppression of PAR-1b together with ROCK inhibition prevents interior accumulations of basement membrane. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of wild-type PAR-1b results in ectopic interior basement membrane deposition. Significantly, culture of salivary epithelial cells on exogenous basement membrane rescues epithelial organization in the presence of ROCK1 or PAR-1b inhibition, and this basement membrane-mediated rescue requires functional integrin β1 to maintain epithelial cell-cell adhesions. Taken together, these studies indicate that ROCK1/PAR-1b-dependent regulation of basement membrane placement is required for the coordination of tissue polarity and the elaboration of tissue structure in the developing submandibular salivary gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William P. Daley
- Graduate program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental, and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12208, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Elise M. Gervais
- Graduate program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental, and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12208, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Samuel W. Centanni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Gulfo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Deirdre A. Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vidi PA, Bissell MJ, Lelièvre SA. Three-dimensional culture of human breast epithelial cells: the how and the why. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 945:193-219. [PMID: 23097109 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-125-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organs are made of the organized assembly of different cell types that contribute to the architecture necessary for functional differentiation. In those with exocrine function, such as the breast, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions establish mechanistic constraints and a complex biochemical signaling network essential for differentiation and homeostasis of the glandular epithelium. Such knowledge has been elegantly acquired for the mammary gland by placing epithelial cells under three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions.Three-dimensional cell culture aims at recapitulating normal and pathological tissue architectures, hence providing physiologically relevant models to study normal development and disease. The specific architecture of the breast epithelium consists of glandular structures (acini) connected to a branched ductal system. A single layer of basoapically polarized luminal cells delineates ductal or acinar lumena at the apical pole. Luminal cells make contact with myoepithelial cells and, in certain areas at the basal pole, also with basement membrane (BM) components. In this chapter, we describe how this exquisite organization as well as stages of disorganization pertaining to cancer progression can be reproduced in 3D cultures. Advantages and limitations of different culture settings are discussed. Technical designs for induction of phenotypic modulations, biochemical analyses, and state-of-the-art imaging are presented. We also explain how signaling is regulated differently in 3D cultures compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. We believe that using 3D cultures is an indispensable method to unravel the intricacies of human mammary functions and would best serve the fight against breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alexandre Vidi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Krause S, Jondeau-Cabaton A, Dhimolea E, Soto AM, Sonnenschein C, Maffini MV. Dual regulation of breast tubulogenesis using extracellular matrix composition and stromal cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 18:520-32. [PMID: 21919795 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during embryogenesis are critical in defining the phenotype of tissues and organs. The initial elongation of the mammary bud represents a central morphological event requiring extensive epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk. The precise mechanism orchestrating this outgrowth is still unknown and mostly animal models have been relied upon to explore this process. Highly tunable three-dimensional (3D) culture models are a complementary approach to address the question of phenotypic determination. Here, we used a 3D in vitro culture to study the roles of stromal cells and extracellular matrix components during mammary tubulogenesis. Fibroblasts, adipocytes, and type I collagen actively participated in this process, whereas reconstituted basement membrane inhibited tubulogenesis by affecting collagen organization. We conclude that biochemical and biomechanical signals mediate the interaction between cells and matrix components and are necessary to induce tubulogenesis in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silva Krause
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Maxwell CA, Benítez J, Gómez-Baldó L, Osorio A, Bonifaci N, Fernández-Ramires R, Costes SV, Guinó E, Chen H, Evans GJR, Mohan P, Català I, Petit A, Aguilar H, Villanueva A, Aytes A, Serra-Musach J, Rennert G, Lejbkowicz F, Peterlongo P, Manoukian S, Peissel B, Ripamonti CB, Bonanni B, Viel A, Allavena A, Bernard L, Radice P, Friedman E, Kaufman B, Laitman Y, Dubrovsky M, Milgrom R, Jakubowska A, Cybulski C, Gorski B, Jaworska K, Durda K, Sukiennicki G, Lubiński J, Shugart YY, Domchek SM, Letrero R, Weber BL, Hogervorst FBL, Rookus MA, Collee JM, Devilee P, Ligtenberg MJ, van der Luijt RB, Aalfs CM, Waisfisz Q, Wijnen J, van Roozendaal CEP, Easton DF, Peock S, Cook M, Oliver C, Frost D, Harrington P, Evans DG, Lalloo F, Eeles R, Izatt L, Chu C, Eccles D, Douglas F, Brewer C, Nevanlinna H, Heikkinen T, Couch FJ, Lindor NM, Wang X, Godwin AK, Caligo MA, Lombardi G, Loman N, Karlsson P, Ehrencrona H, von Wachenfeldt A, Bjork Barkardottir R, Hamann U, Rashid MU, Lasa A, Caldés T, Andrés R, Schmitt M, Assmann V, Stevens K, Offit K, Curado J, Tilgner H, Guigó R, Aiza G, Brunet J, Castellsagué J, Martrat G, Urruticoechea A, Blanco I, Tihomirova L, Goldgar DE, Buys S, John EM, Miron A, Southey M, Daly MB, Schmutzler RK, Wappenschmidt B, Meindl A, Arnold N, Deissler H, Varon-Mateeva R, Sutter C, Niederacher D, Imyamitov E, Sinilnikova OM, Stoppa-Lyonne D, Mazoyer S, Verny-Pierre C, Castera L, de Pauw A, Bignon YJ, Uhrhammer N, Peyrat JP, Vennin P, Fert Ferrer S, Collonge-Rame MA, Mortemousque I, Spurdle AB, Beesley J, Chen X, Healey S, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Vidal M, Gruber SB, Lázaro C, Capellá G, McGuffog L, Nathanson KL, Antoniou AC, Chenevix-Trench G, Fleisch MC, Moreno V, Pujana MA. Interplay between BRCA1 and RHAMM regulates epithelial apicobasal polarization and may influence risk of breast cancer. PLoS Biol 2011; 9:e1001199. [PMID: 22110403 PMCID: PMC3217025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated mammary epithelium shows apicobasal polarity, and loss of tissue organization is an early hallmark of breast carcinogenesis. In BRCA1 mutation carriers, accumulation of stem and progenitor cells in normal breast tissue and increased risk of developing tumors of basal-like type suggest that BRCA1 regulates stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the function of BRCA1 in this process and its link to carcinogenesis remain unknown. Here we depict a molecular mechanism involving BRCA1 and RHAMM that regulates apicobasal polarity and, when perturbed, may increase risk of breast cancer. Starting from complementary genetic analyses across families and populations, we identified common genetic variation at the low-penetrance susceptibility HMMR locus (encoding for RHAMM) that modifies breast cancer risk among BRCA1, but probably not BRCA2, mutation carriers: n = 7,584, weighted hazard ratio ((w)HR) = 1.09 (95% CI 1.02-1.16), p(trend) = 0.017; and n = 3,965, (w)HR = 1.04 (95% CI 0.94-1.16), p(trend) = 0.43; respectively. Subsequently, studies of MCF10A apicobasal polarization revealed a central role for BRCA1 and RHAMM, together with AURKA and TPX2, in essential reorganization of microtubules. Mechanistically, reorganization is facilitated by BRCA1 and impaired by AURKA, which is regulated by negative feedback involving RHAMM and TPX2. Taken together, our data provide fundamental insight into apicobasal polarization through BRCA1 function, which may explain the expanded cell subsets and characteristic tumor type accompanying BRCA1 mutation, while also linking this process to sporadic breast cancer through perturbation of HMMR/RHAMM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Maxwell
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier Benítez
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network for Rare Diseases, Spain
| | - Laia Gómez-Baldó
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Spain
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network for Rare Diseases, Spain
| | - Núria Bonifaci
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Spain
- Biomarkers and Susceptibility Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Fernández-Ramires
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network for Rare Diseases, Spain
| | - Sylvain V. Costes
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Elisabet Guinó
- Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Spain
- Biomarkers and Susceptibility Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Helen Chen
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gareth J. R. Evans
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pooja Mohan
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Isabel Català
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Petit
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Helena Aguilar
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Aytes
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Serra-Musach
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomarkers and Susceptibility Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gad Rennert
- CHS National Cancer Control Center, Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center and B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Flavio Lejbkowicz
- CHS National Cancer Control Center, Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center and B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, and IFOM Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla B. Ripamonti
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, and IFOM Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Viel
- Division of Experimental Oncology 1, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Anna Allavena
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Loris Bernard
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, and Consortium for Genomics Technology (Cogentech), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, and IFOM Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Bella Kaufman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yael Laitman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Maya Dubrovsky
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Roni Milgrom
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- International Hereditary Cancer Centre, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Centre, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bohdan Gorski
- International Hereditary Cancer Centre, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaworska
- International Hereditary Cancer Centre, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- International Hereditary Cancer Centre, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sukiennicki
- International Hereditary Cancer Centre, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubiński
- International Hereditary Cancer Centre, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Yin Yao Shugart
- Unit of Statistical Genetics, Division of Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Domchek
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Richard Letrero
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Barbara L. Weber
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Frans B. L. Hogervorst
- Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matti A. Rookus
- Department of Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J. Margriet Collee
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rotterdam Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rob B. van der Luijt
- Department of Clinical Molecular Genetics, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cora M. Aalfs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juul Wijnen
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - HEBON
- Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Group, the Netherlands
| | - EMBRACE
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Peock
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Cook
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Oliver
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - D. Gareth Evans
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Lalloo
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- The Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Izatt
- Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Chu
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, St. James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Eccles
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Douglas
- Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Carole Brewer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Noralane M. Lindor
- Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Maria A. Caligo
- Section of Genetic Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Pisa, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Grazia Lombardi
- Section of Genetic Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Pisa, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Niklas Loman
- Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Karlsson
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Ehrencrona
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - SWE-BRCA
- Swedish Breast Cancer Study, Sweden
| | | | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Muhammad U. Rashid
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany, and Department of Basic Sciences, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adriana Lasa
- Genetic Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Andrés
- Medical Oncology Division, Hospital Clínico de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Volker Assmann
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Tumor Biology, University Hospital Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristen Stevens
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - João Curado
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Biomedical Research Park of Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hagen Tilgner
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Biomedical Research Park of Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roderic Guigó
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Biomedical Research Park of Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Aiza
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Genetic Counseling and Hereditary Cancer Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Castellsagué
- Genetic Counseling and Hereditary Cancer Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Griselda Martrat
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ander Urruticoechea
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Genetic Counseling and Hereditary Cancer Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - David E. Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Saundra Buys
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander Miron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Melissa Southey
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic (MEGA) Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary B. Daly
- Division of Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - BCFR
- Breast Cancer Family Registry, United States of America
| | - Rita K. Schmutzler
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer and Center of Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer and Center of Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Division of Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Helmut Deissler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Christian Sutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Niederacher
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Evgeny Imyamitov
- N. N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga M. Sinilnikova
- Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Equipe labellisée LIGUE 2008, UMR5201 CNRS, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonne
- INSERM U509, Service de Génétique Oncologique, Institut Curie, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- Equipe labellisée LIGUE 2008, UMR5201 CNRS, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Verny-Pierre
- Equipe labellisée LIGUE 2008, UMR5201 CNRS, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Castera
- INSERM U509, Service de Génétique Oncologique, Institut Curie, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Antoine de Pauw
- INSERM U509, Service de Génétique Oncologique, Institut Curie, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Université de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nancy Uhrhammer
- Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, Université de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Peyrat
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire Humaine, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Vennin
- Consultation d'Oncogénétique, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Sandra Fert Ferrer
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôtel Dieu Centre Hospitalier, Chambéry, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Collonge-Rame
- Service de Génétique-Histologie-Biologie du Développement et de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | | | - GEMO Study Collaborators
- GEMO Study (Genetics Network “Groupe Génétique et Cancer”), Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer, France
| | | | | | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sue Healey
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - kConFab
- The Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Marc Vidal
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen B. Gruber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology, Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Genetic Counseling and Hereditary Cancer Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capellá
- Genetic Counseling and Hereditary Cancer Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Antonis C. Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Markus C. Fleisch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecologie, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Víctor Moreno
- Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Spain
- Biomarkers and Susceptibility Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Pujana
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health, Spain
- Biomarkers and Susceptibility Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Paz AC, Javaherian S, McGuigan AP. Tools for micropatterning epithelial cells into microcolonies on transwell filter substrates. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:3440-3448. [PMID: 21860858 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20506d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of epithelial tissue in most major organs there have been limited attempts to tissue engineer artificial epithelium. A key feature of mature epithelium is the presence of an apical-basal polarization, which develops over 7-20 days in culture. Currently, the most widely used 2D system to generate polarized epithelium in vitro involves the filter insert culture system, however this system is expensive, laborious and requires large numbers of cells per sample. We have developed a set of micropatterning techniques to spatially control the organization of epithelial cells into microsheets on filter inserts under the culture conditions necessary to induce epithelial cell polarization. Micropatterning improves cell uniformity within each microsheet, allows multiple sheet analysis on one filter insert, and reduced cell number requirements. We describe an agarose patterning method that allows maintenance of cell patterns for over 15 days, the time necessary to induce apical-basal polarization. We also describe a Parafilm™ patterning method that allows patterning for 5 to 15 days depending on cell type and only allows the generation of stripes and circular microsheets. The parafilm™ method however is extremely straightforward and could be easily adopted by any laboratory without the need of access to specialized microfabrication equipment. We also demonstrate that micropatterning epithelial cells does not alter the localization of the apical-basal marker ZO-1 or the formation of cilia, a marker of epithelium maturation. Our methods provide a novel tool for studying epithelial biology in polarized epithelium microsheets of controlled size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Paz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pinke DE, Lee JM. The lipid kinase PI4KIIIβ and the eEF1A2 oncogene co-operate to disrupt three-dimensional in vitro acinar morphogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:2503-11. [PMID: 21851817 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study of in vitro morphogenesis is fundamental to understanding neoplasia since the dysregulation of morphogenic pathways that create multi-cellular organisms is a common hallmark of oncogenesis. The in vitro culture of human breast epithelial cells on reconstituted basement membranes recapitulate some features of in vivo breast development, including the formation of a three-dimensional structure termed an acinus. Importantly, the capacity to disrupt in vitro acinar morphogenesis is a common property of human breast oncogenes. In this report, we find that phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PI4KIIIβ), a lipid kinase that phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol (PI) to PI(4)P, disrupts in vitro mammary acinar formation. The PI4KIIIβ protein localizes to the basal surface of acini created by human MCF10A cells and ectopic expression of PI4KIIIβ induces multi-acinar devlopment. Furthermore, expression of an oncogenic PI4KIIIβ activator, eEF1A2 (eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha 2), phenocopies the PI4KIIIβ multi-acinar phenotype. Ectopic expression of PI4KIIIβ or eEF1A2 alters the localization of PI(4)P and PI(4,5)P(2) within acini, indicating the importance of these lipids in acinar development. Our work shows that PI4KIIIβ, eEF1A2 and PI(4)P likely play an important role in mammary neoplasia and acinar development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dixie E Pinke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen SYC, Hung PJ, Lee PJ. Microfluidic array for three-dimensional perfusion culture of human mammary epithelial cells. Biomed Microdevices 2011; 13:753-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-011-9545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
47
|
Tang J, Enderling H, Becker-Weimann S, Pham C, Polyzos A, Chen CY, Costes SV. Phenotypic transition maps of 3D breast acini obtained by imaging-guided agent-based modeling. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:408-21. [PMID: 21373705 PMCID: PMC4009383 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00092b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We introduce an agent-based model of epithelial cell morphogenesis to explore the complex interplay between apoptosis, proliferation, and polarization. By varying the activity levels of these mechanisms we derived phenotypic transition maps of normal and aberrant morphogenesis. These maps identify homeostatic ranges and morphologic stability conditions. The agent-based model was parameterized and validated using novel high-content image analysis of mammary acini morphogenesis in vitro with focus on time-dependent cell densities, proliferation and death rates, as well as acini morphologies. Model simulations reveal apoptosis being necessary and sufficient for initiating lumen formation, but cell polarization being the pivotal mechanism for maintaining physiological epithelium morphology and acini sphericity. Furthermore, simulations highlight that acinus growth arrest in normal acini can be achieved by controlling the fraction of proliferating cells. Interestingly, our simulations reveal a synergism between polarization and apoptosis in enhancing growth arrest. After validating the model with experimental data from a normal human breast line (MCF10A), the system was challenged to predict the growth of MCF10A where AKT-1 was overexpressed, leading to reduced apoptosis. As previously reported, this led to non growth-arrested acini, with very large sizes and partially filled lumen. However, surprisingly, image analysis revealed a much lower nuclear density than observed for normal acini. The growth kinetics indicates that these acini grew faster than the cells comprising it. The in silico model could not replicate this behavior, contradicting the classic paradigm that ductal carcinoma in situ is only the result of high proliferation and low apoptosis. Our simulations suggest that overexpression of AKT-1 must also perturb cell-cell and cell-ECM communication, reminding us that extracellular context can dictate cellular behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tang
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Grafton MMG, Wang L, Vidi PA, Leary J, Lelièvre SA. Breast on-a-chip: mimicry of the channeling system of the breast for development of theranostics. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:451-9. [PMID: 21234506 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00132e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Improved detection and therapy of breast neoplasia might benefit from nanodevices traveling inside mammary ducts. However, the decreasing size of branched mammary ducts prevents access to remote areas of the ductal system using a pressure-driven fluid-based approach. Magnetic field guidance of superparamagnetic submicron particles (SMPs) in a stationary fluid might provide a possible alternative but it is critical to first reproduce the breast ductal system to assess the use of such devices for future therapeutic & diagnostic ("theranostic") purposes. Here we describe the engineering of a portion of a breast ductal system using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channels with a total volume of 0.09 μl. A magnet was used to move superparamagnetic/fluorescent SMPs through a static fluid inside the microchannels. Non-neoplastic mammary epithelial S1 cells developed basoapical polarity as a flat monolayer on the PDMS surface when cultured in the presence of laminin 111, and incubation with SMPs did not result in detectable toxicity. Cells could not withstand the fluid pressure if microinjected directly in completed channels. Whereas, they readily covered laminin 111-coated PDMS surfaces when cultured in U-shaped "hemichannels" before completing the channels. This breast-on-chip model represents a critical step towards the mimicry of the tree-like ductal system of the breast for further testing and targeting of SMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meggie M G Grafton
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
González S, Aguilera S, Urzúa U, Quest AFG, Molina C, Alliende C, Hermoso M, González MJ. Mechanotransduction and epigenetic control in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2010; 10:175-9. [PMID: 20923710 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of epithelial cells is required to define tissue architecture and appropriate function of these cells is associated with a specific pattern of gene expression. DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histones and chromatin remodeling are nuclear mechanisms implicated in epigenetic control of gene expression. All factors relevant to tissue differentiation, including cell adhesion and shape, extracellular stimuli and transcriptional control, modulate gene expression and, thus, some of them are likely to impact on nuclear mechanisms of epigenetic control. The epithelial cells of salivary glands from Sjögren's syndrome patients display alterations in cell adhesion and shape. In this review, we summarize how these alterations are thought to lead to chromatin remodeling and, in doing so, bring about changes in transcriptional patterns. Additionally, we discuss how mechanotransduction in cells with impaired structural organization is implicated in modifying gene expression in these patients.
Collapse
|
50
|
Lelièvre SA. Tissue polarity-dependent control of mammary epithelial homeostasis and cancer development: an epigenetic perspective. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2010; 15:49-63. [PMID: 20101444 PMCID: PMC2861422 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-010-9168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The basoapical organization of monolayered epithelia is defined by the presence of hemidesmosomes at the basal cellular pole, where the cell makes contacts with the basement membrane, and tight junctions at the opposite apical pole. In the mammary gland, tight junctions seal cell-cell contacts against the lumen and separate the apical and basolateral cell membranes. This separation is critical to organize intracellular signaling pathways and the cytoskeleton. The study of the impact of the highly organized apical pole, and notably apical polarity regulators (Crb complex, Par complex, and Scrib, Dlg, Lgl proteins) and tight junction proteins on cell phenotype and gene expression has revealed an intricate relationship between apical polarity and the cell nucleus. The goal of this review is to highlight the role of the apical pole of the tissue polarity axis in the epigenetic control of tissue phenotype. The organization of the apical pole and its importance in mammary homeostasis and tumorigenesis will be emphasized before presenting how apical polarity proteins impact gene expression indirectly, by influencing signal transduction and the location of transcription regulators, and directly, by participating in chromatin-associated complexes. The relationship between apical polarity and cell nucleus organizations might explain how apical polarity proteins could switch from nuclear repressors to nuclear promoters of cancerous behavior following alterations in the apical pole. The impact of apical polarity proteins on epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression will be discussed in light of increased evidence supporting a role for apical polarity in the fate of breast neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Lelièvre
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, Lynn Hall, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA.
| |
Collapse
|