1
|
Rota M, Sganzerla F, Zuffante M, Mafficini A, Pavarana M, Milella M. Case report: Male genital system, soft tissue and myocardial metastases in a patient with exon 11-mutated GIST of unknown origin. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1450889. [PMID: 39290240 PMCID: PMC11405151 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1450889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most frequent mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, usually arising in the stomach or in the small bowel. Most GISTs are diagnosed early due to the presence of symptoms (e.g., abdominal discomfort/pain, anemia, etc.); at times, diagnosis could be incidental (e.g., ultrasound or endoscopic examinations performed for other reasons, surgical intervention for a different disease, etc.). Diagnosis occurs when the tumor is already metastatic in 10-20% of cases. The most common metastatic sites are liver, peritoneum, and loco-regional lymph nodes. Here, we present the case of a male patient with an atypical presentation of disease: as a matter of fact, during his oncological history, he developed metastases in unlikely sites, such as penis, scrotum, myocardium, and soft tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Rota
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine - Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona and Verona University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Sganzerla
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine - Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona and Verona University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Zuffante
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Mafficini
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona and Verona University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
- Applied Research on Cancer (ARC)-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Pavarana
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine - Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona and Verona University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine - Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona and Verona University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dermawan JK, Kelly C, Gao Z, Smith S, Jadeja B, Singer S, Tap WD, Chi P, Antonescu CR. Novel Genomic Risk Stratification Model for Primary Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) in the Adjuvant Therapy Era. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3974-3985. [PMID: 37477937 PMCID: PMC11095631 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traditional risk stratification schemes in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) were defined in the pre-imatinib era and rely solely on clinicopathologic metrics. We hypothesize that genomic-based risk stratification is prognostically relevant in the current era of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapeutics. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Comprehensive mutational and copy-number profiling using MSK-IMPACT was performed. We integrated clinicopathologic and genomic parameters and utilized an elastic-net penalized Cox proportional hazards machine learning model for outcome risk stratification. RESULTS A 3-tier genomic risk stratification model for recurrence-free survival (RFS) in 152 primary localized gastric and 80 small bowel GISTs was proposed. Gastric GISTs were classified as high risk if chr1p deletion or SDHB loss was present, and intermediate risk if chr14q deletion was present or KIT exon 11 mutation was absent. Small bowel GISTs were classified as high risk if MAX/MGA/MYC, CDKN2A, or RB1 alterations were present, and intermediate risk if chr1p deletion or chr5q amplification was present. Compared with conventional risk stratification, genomic risk stratification both upgrades and downgrades, suggesting that conventional risk stratification may underestimate or overtreat some high-risk and low-risk patients, respectively. Longitudinal sequencing detected most KIT-independent genomic alterations at baseline. Subanalysis in 26 SDH-deficient GISTs revealed that presence of TP53 mutations or chr1q amplifications portends worse RFS and disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS We developed a novel, next-generation genomic risk stratification model for primary gastric and small bowel GISTs, complementing traditional clinicopathologic models. Future independent validation of our model in external cohorts is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine K. Dermawan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ciara Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhidong Gao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shaleigh Smith
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bhumika Jadeja
- Marie-Joseé and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Singer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William D. Tap
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ping Chi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cristina R. Antonescu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dermawan JK, Rubin BP. The spectrum and significance of secondary (co-occurring) genetic alterations in sarcomas: the hallmarks of sarcomagenesis. J Pathol 2023; 260:637-648. [PMID: 37345731 DOI: 10.1002/path.6140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Bone and soft tissue tumors are generally classified into complex karyotype sarcomas versus those with recurrent genetic alterations, often in the form of gene fusions. In this review, we provide an overview of important co-occurring genomic alterations, organized by biological mechanisms and covering a spectrum of genomic alteration types: mutations (single-nucleotide variations or indels) in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, copy number alterations, transcriptomic signatures, genomic complexity indices (e.g. CINSARC), and complex genomic structural variants. We discuss the biological and prognostic roles of these so-called secondary or co-occurring alterations, arguing that recognition and detection of these alterations may be significant for our understanding and management of mesenchymal tumors. On a related note, we also discuss major recurrent alterations in so-called complex karyotype sarcomas. These secondary alterations are essential to sarcomagenesis via a variety of mechanisms, such as inactivation of tumor suppressors, activation of proliferative signal transduction, telomere maintenance, and aberrant regulation of epigenomic/chromatin remodeling players. The use of comprehensive genomic profiling, including targeted next-generation sequencing panels or whole-exome sequencing, may be incorporated into clinical workflows to offer more comprehensive, potentially clinically actionable information. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine K Dermawan
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian P Rubin
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cohen-Gogo S, Kanwar N, Shaikh F, Baertschiger RM, Shlien A, Malkin D, Putra J, Coblentz A, Villani A, Gupta AA, Morgenstern DA. Response to Alpelisib in an Adolescent With PIK3CA-Mutated Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2200105. [PMID: 35917491 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cohen-Gogo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nisha Kanwar
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Furqan Shaikh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reto M Baertschiger
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juan Putra
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ailish Coblentz
- Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anita Villani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abha A Gupta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel A Morgenstern
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gorunova L, Boye K, Panagopoulos I, Berner JM, Bjerkehagen B, Hompland I, Lobmaier I, Hølmebakk T, Hveem TS, Heim S, Micci F. Cytogenetic and molecular analyses of 291 gastrointestinal stromal tumors: site-specific cytogenetic evolution as evidence of pathogenetic heterogeneity. Oncotarget 2022; 13:508-517. [PMID: 35284037 PMCID: PMC8901076 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a mesenchymal neoplasm with variable behavior. An increased understanding of the tumor pathogenesis may improve clinical decision-making. Our aim was to obtain more data about the overall chromosome aberrations and intratumor cytogenetic heterogeneity in GIST. We analyzed 306 GIST samples from 291 patients using G-banding, direct sequencing, and statistics. Clonal chromosome aberrations were found in 81% of samples, with 34% of 226 primary tumors demonstrating extensive cytogenetic heterogeneity. 135 tumors had simple (≤5 changes) and 91 had complex (>5 changes) karyotypes. The karyotypically complex tumors more often were non-gastric (P < 0.001), larger (P < 0.001), more mitotically active (P = 0.009) and had a higher risk of rupture (P < 0.001) and recurrence (P < 0.001). Significant differences between gastric and non-gastric tumors were found also in the frequency of main chromosome losses: of 14q (79% vs. 63%), 22q (38% vs. 67%), 1p (23% vs. 88%), and 15q (18% vs. 77%). Gastric PDGFRA-mutated tumors, compared with gastric KIT-mutated, had a lower incidence of 22q losses (18% vs. 43%) but a higher rate of 1p losses (42% vs. 22%). The present, largest by far karyotypic study of GISTs provides further evidence for the existence of variable pathogenetic pathways operating in these tumors’ development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Gorunova
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Boye
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeanne-Marie Berner
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bodil Bjerkehagen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Hompland
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Lobmaier
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Toto Hølmebakk
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tarjei S. Hveem
- Section for Applied Informatics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lakiotaki E, Kanakoglou DS, Pampalou A, Karatrasoglou EA, Piperi C, Korkolopoulou P. Dissecting the Role of Circular RNAs in Sarcomas with Emphasis on Osteosarcomas. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1642. [PMID: 34829872 PMCID: PMC8615931 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs generated from exons back-splicing from a single pre-mRNA, forming covalently closed loop structures which lack 5'-3'-polarity or polyadenylated tail. Ongoing research depicts that circRNAs play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, metastatic potential and chemoresistance by regulating transcription, microRNA (miRNA) sponging, RNA-binding protein interactions, alternative splicing and to a lesser degree, protein coding. Sarcomas are rare malignant tumors stemming from mesenchymal cells. Due to their clinically insidious onset, they often present at advanced stage and their treatment may require aggressive chemotherapeutic or surgical options. This review is mainly focused on the regulatory functions of circRNAs on osteosarcoma progression and their potential role as biomarkers, an area which has prompted lately extensive research. The attributed oncogenic role of circRNAs on other mesenchymal tumors such as Kaposi Sarcoma (KS), Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) or Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) is also described. The involvement of circRNAs on sarcoma oncogenesis and relevant emerging diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications are expected to gain more research interest in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Lakiotaki
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (A.P.); (E.A.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Dimitrios S. Kanakoglou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (A.P.); (E.A.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Andromachi Pampalou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (A.P.); (E.A.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Eleni A. Karatrasoglou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (A.P.); (E.A.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (A.P.); (E.A.K.); (P.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barcelos D, Neto RA, Cardili L, Fernandes M, Carapeto FCL, Comodo AN, Funabashi K, Iwamura ESM. KIT exon 11 and PDGFRA exon 18 gene mutations in gastric GIST: proposal of a short panel for predicting therapeutic response. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-018-0021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
GIST is the most common mesenchymal tumor of gastrointestinal tract and is more frequent in stomach. Its main mutations affect KIT and PDGFRA genes. Full genetic analysis panels are currently used to study mutations in GIST and other tumors. Considering that in gastric GIST KIT gene mutations in exon 11 are sensitive to IM whereas PDGFRΑ gene mutations in exon 18 (D842V) are resistant to the same drug, the aim of this study is to focus on these two molecular targets as a short alternative panel for predicting therapeutic response in gastric GIST which might optimize resources.
Methods
The genotypes of 38 cases of primary GIST were determined by performing bidirectional DNA sequencing.
Results
Exon 11 of KIT gene showed mutations in 65.3% and the exon 18 of PDGFRA gene showed 9% of cases. So it was possible to determine a subgroup of tumors which presented mutations in KIT exon 11 and PDGFRA exon 18.
Conclusion
Considering all of the foregoing analyzed globally, the application of short panel has impact on the cost and time of release of results to the physician, allowing a rapid approach to patients eligible for treatment with the target therapy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu X, Chu KM. Molecular biomarkers for prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 21:145-151. [PMID: 30003531 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. However, the development of molecular markers, especially circulating biomarkers, remains largely undone for the prognosis of GIST. We discussed the clinical-pathological characteristics of GIST and identified potential biomarkers for guidance of therapy and prognosis of GIST. Around 90% of GISTs contain mutations in KIT or PDGFRA and the remaining 10% of GISTs are wild-type. Recent studies have indicated that various DNAs and miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for prognosis of GIST, including KIT, PDGFRA, other DNAs (such as BRAF, SDH, SETD2 and ROR2), and microRNAs (miRNAs). The pressing need and challenges in the development of circulating prognostic biomarkers for GIST are also discussed. Although challenges remain, DNAs and miRNAs are promising circulating biomarkers for surveillance and prognosis of GIST. Advances in clarification of aberrant molecular alterations may open new avenues for exploration of reliable and robust biomarkers to improve the management of GIST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - K-M Chu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. .,Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Boonstra PA, Gietema JA, Suurmeijer AJH, Groves MR, de Assis Batista F, Schuuring E, Reyners AKL. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor sensitive PDGFRΑ mutations in GIST: Two cases and review of the literature. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109836-109847. [PMID: 29312652 PMCID: PMC5752565 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. Most GISTs harbor a c-KIT (80%) or a PDGFRα (10%) mutation that leads to constitutive activation of the tyrosine kinase receptor. Response to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is dependent on mutational status of the tumor. The most common mutation in PDGFRα, D842V, is known to be imatinib resistant. Almost all other PDGFRα mutations are imatinib sensitive. We describe two patients with a PDGFRα exon 18 mutated GIST responding to treatment with TKIs. One of these patients has a p.M844_S847 deletion, not previously described in relation with TKI treatment response. Mutations in circulating tumor DNA were detectable with digital droplet PCR in serial plasma samples taken during treatment and correlated with treatment response of both patients. Computer 3D-modeling of the PDGFRα kinase domain of these two variants revealed no direct interference in imatinib or sunitinib binding and no effect in its activity in contrast to the reported structure of the imatinib resistant D842V mutation. An overview is given of the literature regarding the evidence of patients with different PDGFRα mutated GISTs on response to TKIs. The findings emphasize the use of mutational analysis in GIST to provide patients personalized treatment. Detection of mutations in plasma is feasible and can provide real-time information concerning treatment response. We suggest to register GIST patients with these uncommon mutations in a prospective international database to understand the tumor biology and obtain more evidence of such mutations to predict treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter A Boonstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Oncology, Hanzeplein, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jourik A Gietema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Oncology, Hanzeplein, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J H Suurmeijer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology, Hanzeplein, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew R Groves
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando de Assis Batista
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology, Hanzeplein, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna K L Reyners
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Oncology, Hanzeplein, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
AMACR amplification and overexpression in primary imatinib-naïve gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a driver of cell proliferation indicating adverse prognosis. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11588-603. [PMID: 25473890 PMCID: PMC4294386 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-random gains of chromosome 5p have been observed in clinically aggressive gastrointestinal stromal tumors, whereas the driving oncogenes on 5p remain to be characterized. We used an integrative genomic and functional approach to identify amplified oncogenes on 5p and to evaluate the relevance of AMACR amplification at 5p13.3 and its overexpression in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Thirty-seven tumor samples, imatinib-sensitive GIST882 cell line, and imatinib-resistant GIST48 cell line were analyzed for DNA imbalances using array-based genomic profiling. Forty-one fresh tumor samples of various risk categories were enriched for pure tumor cells by laser capture microdissection and quantified for AMACR mRNA expression. AMACR-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were both informative in tissue microarray sections of 350 independent primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors, including 213 cases with confirmed KIT /PDGFRA genotypes. To assess the oncogenic functions of AMACR, GIST882 and GIST48 cell lines were stably silenced against their endogenous AMACR expression. In 59% of cases featuring 5p gains, two major amplicons encompassed discontinuous chromosomal regions that were differentially overrepresented in high-risk cases, including the one harboring the mRNA-upregulated AMACR gene. Gene amplification was detected in 19.7% of cases (69/350) and strongly related to protein overexpression (p<0.001), although 52% of AMACR-overexpressing cases exhibited no amplification. Both gene amplification and protein overexpression were significantly associated with epithelioid histology, larger size, increased mitoses, higher risk levels, and unfavorable genotypes (all p≤0.03). They were also independently predictive of decreased disease-free survival (overexpression, p<0.001; amplification, p=0.020) in the multivariate analysis. Concomitant with downregulated cyclin D1, cyclin E, and CDK4, AMACR knockdown suppressed cell proliferation and induced G1-phase arrest, but did not affect apoptosis in both GIST882 and GIST48 cells. In conclusion, AMACR amplification is a mechanism driving increased mRNA and protein expression and conferring aggressiveness through heightened cell proliferation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wei WJ, Lu ZW, Li DS, Wang Y, Zhu YX, Wang ZY, Wu Y, Wang YL, Ji QH. Association of the miR-149 Rs2292832 polymorphism with papillary thyroid cancer risk and clinicopathologic characteristics in a Chinese population. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20968-81. [PMID: 25405731 PMCID: PMC4264206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The genetic predisposition to papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is far from clearly elucidated. Rs2292832 is a genetic polymorphism that located in the precursor of mir-149 and has been studied in diverse cancers. Thus far, the role of rs2292832 in PTC tumorigenesis and progression was unclear; (2) Method: Rs2292832 was genotyped in 838 PTCs, 495 patients with thyroid benign tumors (BNs) and 1006 controls in a Chinese Han population. Clinicopathological data was collected and compared. The expression level of mature mir-149 was examined in 55 normal thyroid tissue samples; (3) Results: The CC genotype of rs2292832 was significantly associated with an increased risk of PTC compared with TT homozygote (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.72–2.20, p = 0.003) and TT/TC combined genotype (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.14–2.09, p = 0.005). Rs2292832 is an independent risk factor correlated with tumor invasion (p = 0.006) and higher T stage in PTC patients (p = 0.007), but uncorrelated with short-term disease persistence of PTC. PTC subjects carrying CC genotype have lower mir-149-5p expression than those with TC genotype (p = 0.002). Twelve predicted target genes have been identified by collaboratively using computational tools; (4) Conclusion: Rs2292832 was possibly involved in the susceptibility and local progression of PTC in Chinese patients, by altering the expression level of mir-149-5p and its target genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Wei
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhong-Wu Lu
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Duan-Shu Li
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yong-Xue Zhu
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhuo-Ying Wang
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qing-Hai Ji
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lourenço N, Hélias-Rodzewicz Z, Bachet JB, Brahimi-Adouane S, Jardin F, Tran van Nhieu J, Peschaud F, Martin E, Beauchet A, Chibon F, Emile JF. Copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity and chromosome gains and losses are frequent in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:246. [PMID: 25373456 PMCID: PMC4417285 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A KIT gain of function mutation is present in 70% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and the wild-type (WT) allele is deleted in 5 to 15% of these cases. The WT KIT is probably deleted during GIST progression. We aimed to identify the mechanism of WT KIT loss and to determine whether other genes are involved or affected. Methods Whole-genome SNP array analyses were performed in 22 GISTs with KIT exon 11 mutations, including 11 with WT loss, to investigate the mechanisms of WT allele deletion. CGH arrays and FISH were performed in some cases. Common genetic events were identified by SNP data analysis. The 9p21.3 locus was studied by multiplex quantification of genomic DNA. Results Chromosome instability involving the whole chromosome/chromosome arm (whole C/CA) was detected in 21/22 cases. The GISTs segregated in two groups based on their chromosome number: polyGISTs had numerous whole C/CA gains (mean 23, range [9 to 43]/3.11 [1 to 5]), whereas biGISTs had fewer aberrations. Whole C/CA losses were also frequent and found in both groups. There were numerous copy-neutral losses of heterozygosity (cnLOH) of whole C/CA in both polyGIST (7/9) and biGIST (9/13) groups. cnLOH were frequent on 4q, 11p, 11q, 1p, 2q, 3p and 10, and never involved 12p, 12q, 20p, 20q or 19q. Other genetic alterations included segmental chromosome abnormalities, complete bi-allelic deletions (homozygous deletions) and, more rarely, amplifications. Nine of 11 GISTs with homozygous KIT exon 11 mutations had cnLOH of chromosome 4. Conclusion The cnLOH of whole C/CA is a frequent genetic alteration in GISTs and is closely associated with homozygous mutations of KIT and WT allele deletion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-246) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Lourenço
- EA4340, Versailles University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France. .,Digestive Oncology Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.
| | - Zofia Hélias-Rodzewicz
- EA4340, Versailles University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France. .,Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, 9 Avenue Charles de Gaulle, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bachet
- EA4340, Versailles University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France. .,Digestive Oncology Unit, Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.
| | | | - Fabrice Jardin
- Centre Henri Becquerel, INSERM U918, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France.
| | | | - Frédérique Peschaud
- EA4340, Versailles University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France. .,Department of Surgery, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | | | - Alain Beauchet
- EA4340, Versailles University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France. .,Clinical Research Unit, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | | | - Jean-François Emile
- EA4340, Versailles University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France. .,Department of Pathology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, 9 Avenue Charles de Gaulle, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kondo T, Suehara Y, Kikuta K, Kubota D, Tajima T, Mukaihara K, Ichikawa H, Kawai A. Proteomic approach toward personalized sarcoma treatment: lessons from prognostic biomarker discovery in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 7:70-8. [PMID: 23281253 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas range from curable tumors to those causing death via metastasis and recurrence. Thus, there is an urgent need for biomarker identification in order to assess the degree of malignancy, predict prognosis, and evaluate possible therapies. Various proteomic approaches and different clinical materials have been used to this end, and candidate biomarkers have been reported for the different types of sarcomas. However, the sample size used in these biomarker studies was generally insufficient, and thus far, no biomarker has been proved useful in clinics. Given that sarcomas are rare, biomarker validation in this setting is more challenging than in other malignancies. In gastrointestinal stromal tumor, adjuvant therapy has proven to be effective. However, only 40% patients experience metastasis after curative surgery alone, and the rest of the patients may not need adjuvant therapy. Using a proteomic approach, we identified pfetin (potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 12, KCTD 12) as a novel prognostic biomarker for sarcoma, and immunohistochemically confirmed its clinical usefulness by a multiinstitutional validation study. Here, we describe our experience and discuss the critical points in the discovery of this biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Pharmacoproteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Creech RD, Li Q, Carrasco GA, Van de Kar LD, Muma NA. Estradiol induces partial desensitization of serotonin 1A receptor signaling in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and alters expression and interaction of RGSZ1 and Gαz. Neuropharmacology 2012; 62:2040-9. [PMID: 22251927 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary mediated hormone responses, such as to stimulation with a serotonin 1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor agonist, are a feature of depression which are normalized with clinical improvement during drug therapy. We previously reported that SSRIs induce desensitization of 5-HT(1A) receptor signaling in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) while estradiol benzoate (EB) produces a more rapid, partial desensitization. In the current study, time course and dose-response experiments demonstrated that two once daily doses of EB is the minimum needed to induce the desensitization response as indicated by 5-HT(1A) receptor-stimulated release of oxytocin and that 10 μg/kg/day EB produces the maximal response, a partial desensitization of approximately 40%. The effects of two once daily injections of 10 μg/kg/day EB on Gαz and RGSZ1 proteins were examined as components of the 5-HT(1A) receptor signaling system, which mediates the release of oxytocin and adrenocorticotropic hormone. RGSZ1 appears to be a major target for EB-mediated responses in the 5-HT(1A) receptor signaling system. A 55 kD membrane-associate RGSZ1 protein was greatly increased in the PVN and rest of the hypothalamus and moderately increased in the dorsal hippocampus and amygdala after EB treatment as well as after an acute dose of a 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist. These results suggest that EB is a candidate for adjuvant therapy with SSRIs to hasten the therapeutic response and that RGSZ1 is a major target of EB therapy which could be explored as a target for novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R D Creech
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, School of Pharmacy, 1251 Wescoe Hall Dr, 5064 Malott Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|