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Prochilo G, Pfeffer A, Du S, Kaneko N, Liebeskind DS, Hinman JD. Recent Translational Research Models of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease. Stroke 2024; 55:1707-1719. [PMID: 38738375 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.124.044520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is a leading cause of ischemic stroke worldwide. However, research on the pathophysiology of ICAD is scarce due to the relative inaccessibility of histology samples and the lack of comprehensive experimental models. As a result, much of the current understanding of ICAD relies on research on extracranial atherosclerosis. This approach is problematic as intracranial and extracranial arteries are anatomically, structurally, physiologically, and metabolically distinct, indicating that intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis likely develop through different biologic pathways. The current standard of care for ICAD treatment relies predominantly on therapeutics developed to treat extracranial atherosclerosis and is insufficient given the alarmingly high risk of stroke. To provide a definitive treatment for the disease, a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology underlying ICAD is specifically required. True mechanistic understanding of disease pathogenesis is only possible using robust experimental models. In this review, we aim to identify the advantages and limitations of the existing in vivo and in vitro models of ICAD and basic atherosclerotic processes, which may be used to inform better models of ICAD in the future and drive new therapeutic strategies to reduce stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Prochilo
- Departments of Neurology (G.P., A.P., S.D., D.S.L., J.D.H.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Alissa Pfeffer
- Departments of Neurology (G.P., A.P., S.D., D.S.L., J.D.H.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Stephanie Du
- Departments of Neurology (G.P., A.P., S.D., D.S.L., J.D.H.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Naoki Kaneko
- Radiology (N.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - David S Liebeskind
- Departments of Neurology (G.P., A.P., S.D., D.S.L., J.D.H.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Jason D Hinman
- Departments of Neurology (G.P., A.P., S.D., D.S.L., J.D.H.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Neurology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (J.D.H.)
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2
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Li X, Zhao W, Peng L, Li Y, Nie S, Yu H, Qin Y, Zhang H. Elevated serum extracellular vesicle arginase 1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study in middle-aged and elderly population. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:62. [PMID: 35277141 PMCID: PMC8917686 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-00982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived arginase 1 (ARG 1) plays a critical role in diabetes-associated endothelial dysfunction. This study was performed to determine the levels of serum EV-derived ARG 1 in T2DM and non-T2DM participants and to examine the association of serum EV-derived ARG 1 with T2DM incidence. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study in 103 Chinese, including 73 T2DM patients and 30 non-T2DM. Serum EVs were prepared via ultracentrifugation. Serum EV-derived ARG 1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlations between serum EV-derived ARG 1 and clinical variables were analyzed. The association of serum EV-derived ARG 1 levels with T2DM was determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Interaction subgroup analysis was used to evaluate the interaction of the relevant baselines on the association between serum EV-derived ARG 1 levels and T2DM. RESULTS Serum EV-derived ARG 1 levels were significantly higher in T2DM patients compared with non-T2DM patients (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed that serum EV-derived ARG 1 levels were positively associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (r = 0.316, p = 0.001) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r = 0.322, p = 0.001). Serum EV-derived ARG 1 levels were significantly associated with T2DM, especially in the subgroup of T2DM for more than 10 years (OR 1.651, 95% CI = 1.066-2.557; P value, 0.025), after adjusting for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Elevated concentration of serum EV-derived ARG 1 is closely associated with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lu Peng
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huahui Yu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yanwen Qin
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Huina Zhang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China.
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3
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De Silva TM, Sobey CG. Cerebral Vascular Biology in Health and Disease. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Abstract
Sleep is essential for healthy being and healthy functioning of human body as a whole, as well as each organ and system. Sleep disorders, such as sleep-disordered breathing, insomnia, sleep fragmentation, and sleep deprivation are associated with the deterioration in human body functioning and increased cardiovascular risks. However, owing to the complex regulation and heterogeneous state sleep per se can be associated with cardiovascular dysfunction in susceptible subjects. The understanding of sleep as a multidimensional concept is important for better prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Korostovtseva
- Sleep Laboratory, Research Department for Hypertension, Department for Cardiology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratov Street, St Petersburg 197341, Russia.
| | - Mikhail Bochkarev
- Sleep Laboratory, Research Department for Hypertension, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratov Street, St Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Yurii Sviryaev
- Research Department for Hypertension, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratov Street, St Petersburg 197341, Russia
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5
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Dai D, He L, Chen Y, Zhang C. Astrocyte responses to nanomaterials: Functional changes, pathological changes and potential applications. Acta Biomater 2021; 122:66-81. [PMID: 33326883 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are responsible for regulating and optimizing the functional environment of neurons in the brain and can reduce the adverse impacts of external factors by protecting neurons. However, excessive astrocyte activation upon stimulation may alter their initial protective effect and actually lead to aggravation of injury. Similar to the dual effects of astrocytes in the response to injury within the central nervous system (CNS), nanomaterials (NMs) can have either toxic or beneficial effects on astrocytes, serving to promote injury or inhibit tumors. As the important physiological functions of astrocytes have been gradually revealed, the effects of NMs on astrocytes and the underlying mechanisms have become a new frontier in nanomedicine and neuroscience. This review summarizes the in vitro and in vivo findings regarding the effects of various NMs on astrocytes, focusing on functional alterations and pathological processes in astrocytes, as well as the possible underlying mechanisms. We also emphasize the importance of co-culture models in studying the interaction between NMs and cells of the CNS. Finally, we discuss NMs that have shown promise for application in astrocyte-related diseases and propose some challenges and suggestions for further investigations, with the aim of providing guidance for the widespread application of NMs in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Dai
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Longwen He
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yuming Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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6
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Citrulline supplementation attenuates the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in female mice through mechanisms involving intestinal arginase. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101879. [PMID: 33550112 PMCID: PMC7868995 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is by now the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. The non-proteogenic amino acid l-citrulline (L-Cit) has been shown to protect mice from the development of NAFLD. Here, we aimed to further assess if L-Cit also attenuates the progression of a pre-existing diet-induced NAFLD and to determine molecular mechanisms involved. Female C57BL/6J mice were either fed a liquid fat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich diet (FFC) or control diet (C) for 8 weeks to induce early stages of NASH followed by 5 more weeks with either FFC-feeding +/- 2.5 g L-Cit/kg bw or C-feeding. In addition, female C57BL/6J mice were either pair-fed a FFC +/- 2.5 g L-Cit/kg bw +/- 0.01 g/kg bw i.p. N(ω)-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine (NOHA) or C diet for 8 weeks. The protective effects of supplementing L-Cit on the progression of a pre-existing NAFLD were associated with an attenuation of 1) the increased translocation of bacterial endotoxin and 2) the loss of tight junction proteins as well as 3) arginase activity in small intestinal tissue, while no marked changes in intestinal microbiota composition were prevalent in small intestine. Treatment of mice with the arginase inhibitor NOHA abolished the protective effects of L-Cit on diet-induced NAFLD. Our results suggest that the protective effects of L-Cit on the development and progression of NAFLD are related to alterations of intestinal arginase activity and intestinal permeability. l-citrulline diminished progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). l-citrulline protects from fructose-induced small intestinal barrier dysfunction. NASH development is associated with a loss of arginase activity in small intestine. l-citrulline improves intestinal arginase activity in diet-induced NAFLD. Arginase inhibitor attenuates effects of l-citrulline on NAFLD development.
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7
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Inflammation: major denominator of obesity, Type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease-like pathology? Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:547-570. [PMID: 32167154 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an active metabolic organ that contributes to processes such as energy storage and utilization and to the production of a number of metabolic agents, such as adipokines, which play a role in inflammation. In this review, we try to elucidate the connections between peripheral inflammation at obesity and Type 2 diabetes and the central inflammatory process. Multiple lines of evidence highlight the importance of peripheral inflammation and its link to neuroinflammation, which can lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease. In addition to the accumulation of misfolded amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and the formation of the neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the brain, activated microglia and reactive astrocytes are the main indicators of AD progression. They were found close to Aβ plaques in the brains of both AD patients and rodent models of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. Cytokines are key players in pro- and anti-inflammatory processes and are also produced by microglia and astrocytes. The interplay of seemingly unrelated pathways between the periphery and the brain could, in fact, have a common denominator, with inflammation in general being a key factor affecting neuronal processes in the brain. An increased amount of white adipose tissue throughout the body seems to be an important player in pro-inflammatory processes. Nevertheless, other important factors should be studied to elucidate the pathological processes of and the relationship among obesity, Type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.
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8
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Gómez-Budia M, Konttinen H, Saveleva L, Korhonen P, Jalava PI, Kanninen KM, Malm T. Glial smog: Interplay between air pollution and astrocyte-microglia interactions. Neurochem Int 2020; 136:104715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Krystofova J, Pathipati P, Russ J, Sheldon A, Ferriero D. The Arginase Pathway in Neonatal Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia. Dev Neurosci 2019; 40:437-450. [PMID: 30995639 PMCID: PMC6784534 DOI: 10.1159/000496467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain damage after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) occurs in an age-dependent manner. Neuroprotective strategies assumed to be effective in adults might have deleterious effects in the immature brain. In order to create effective therapies, the complex pathophysiology of HI in the developing brain requires exploring new mechanisms. Critical determinants of neuronal survival after HI are the extent of vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress, followed later by tissue repair. The key enzyme of these processes in the human body is arginase (ARG) that acts via the bioavailability of nitric oxide, and the synthesis of polyamines and proline. ARG is expressed throughout the brain in different cells. However, little is known about the effect of ARG in pathophysiological states of the brain, especially hypoxia-ischemia. Here, we summarize the role of ARG during neurodevelopment as well as in various brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krystofova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,
| | - Praneeti Pathipati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey Russ
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ann Sheldon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Donna Ferriero
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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10
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Kirschen GW, Kéry R, Liu H, Ahamad A, Chen L, Akmentin W, Kumar R, Levine J, Xiong Q, Ge S. Genetic dissection of the neuro-glio-vascular machinery in the adult brain. Mol Brain 2018; 11:2. [PMID: 29335006 PMCID: PMC5769320 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-017-0345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult brain actively controls its metabolic homeostasis via the circulatory system at the blood brain barrier interface. The mechanisms underlying the functional coupling from neuron to vessel remain poorly understood. Here, we established a novel method to genetically isolate the individual components of this coupling machinery using a combination of viral vectors. We first discovered a surprising non-uniformity of the glio-vascular structure in different brain regions. We carried out a viral injection screen and found that intravenous Canine Adenovirus 2 (CAV2) preferentially targeted perivascular astrocytes throughout the adult brain, with sparing of the hippocampal hilus from infection. Using this new intravenous method to target astrocytes, we selectively ablated these cells and observed severe defects in hippocampus-dependent contextual memory and the metabolically regulated process of hippocampal neurogenesis. Combined with AAV9 targeting of neurons and endothelial cells, all components of the neuro-glio-vascular machinery can be simultaneously labeled for genetic manipulation. Together, we demonstrate a novel method, which we term CATNAP (CAV/AAV Targeting of Neurons and Astrocytes Perivascularly), to target and manipulate the neuro-glio-vascular machinery in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kirschen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Rachel Kéry
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Hanxiao Liu
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Afrinash Ahamad
- School of Health Technology & Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Wendy Akmentin
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Joel Levine
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Qiaojie Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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11
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Apolipoprotein E as a novel therapeutic neuroprotection target after traumatic spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2017; 299:97-108. [PMID: 29056364 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE), a plasma lipoprotein well known for its important role in lipid and cholesterol metabolism, has also been implicated in many neurological diseases. In this study, we examined the effect of apoE on the pathophysiology of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). ApoE-deficient mutant (apoE-/-) and wild-type mice received a T9 moderate contusion SCI and were evaluated using histological and behavioral analyses after injury. At 3days after injury, the permeability of spinal cord-blood-barrier, measured by extravasation of Evans blue dye, was significantly increased in apoE-/- mice compared to wild type. The inflammation and spared white matter was also significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in apoE-/- mice compared to the wild type ones. The apoptosis of both neurons and oligodendrocytes was also significantly increased in apoE-/- mice. At 42days after injury, the inflammation was still robust in the injured spinal cord in apoE-/- but not wild type mice. CD45+ leukocytes from peripheral blood persisted in the injured spinal cord of apoE-/- mice. The spared white matter was significantly decreased in apoE-/- mice compared to wild type ones. Locomotor function was significantly decreased in apoE-/- mice compared to wild type ones from week 1 to week 8 after contusion. Treatment of exogenous apoE mimetic peptides partially restored the permeability of spinal cord-blood-barrier in apoE-/- mice after SCI. Importantly, the exogenous apoE peptides decreased inflammation, increased spared white matter and promoted locomotor recovery in apoE-/- mice after SCI. Our results indicate that endogenous apoE plays important roles in maintaining the spinal cord-blood-barrier and decreasing inflammation and spinal cord tissue loss after SCI, suggesting its important neuroprotective function after SCI. Our results further suggest that exogenous apoE mimetic peptides could be a novel and promising neuroprotective reagent for SCI.
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12
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Onoda A, Takeda K, Umezawa M. Pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine suppresses chronic reactive astrogliosis following maternal nanoparticle exposure during gestational period. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:1012-1025. [PMID: 29046125 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1388864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Early pregnant employees are potentially and unintendedly exposed to industrial chemicals including nanoparticles. Developmental toxicity of nanoparticle exposure has been concerned because exposure to fine particle including carbon black nanoparticle (CB-NP) during the brain developmental stage enhances the risk of brain disorders. Maternal CB-NP exposure dose-dependently induces astrogliosis, which is an abnormal increase in the reactive astrocytes with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and aquaporin-4 overexpression due to the destruction of nearby neurons and blood vessels. The present study aimed to investigate protective effects of antioxidants on the histopathological denaturation with astrogliosis following maternal CB-NP exposure in offspring mice, thereby to evaluate the role of oxidative stress on the developmental toxicity. Pregnant ICR mice were treated with CB-NP by intranasal instillation on gestational days 5 and 9. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or ascorbic acid was intraperitoneally administered to the pregnant mice 1 h prior to CB-NP instillation. The brains were collected from 6- to 12-week-old offspring mice and analyzed using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. NAC suppressed GFAP overexpression in 6- and 12-week-old offspring mice following maternal CB-NP exposure. However, NAC did not suppress aquaporin-4 overexpression following maternal CB-NP exposure. Ascorbic acid did not suppress, but rather slightly and significantly enhanced the expression of GFAP and aquaporin-4. These results indicate that astrogliosis by maternal CB-NP exposure is partially prevented by NAC pretreatment. Oxidative stress is a possible key factor of developmental neurotoxicity of maternal NP exposure. This study will contribute to elucidating the mechanisms underlying the effects of developmental neurotoxicity of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuto Onoda
- a Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan.,b The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology , Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan.,c Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science , Chiyoda-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ken Takeda
- b The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology , Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- b The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology , Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Chiba , Japan.,d Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Katsushika , Tokyo , Japan
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Chen J, Zeng X, Li S, Zhong Z, Hu X, Xiang H, Rao Y, Zhang L, Zhou X, Xia Q, Wang T, Zhang X. Lentivirus-mediated inhibition of AQP4 accelerates motor function recovery associated with NGF in spinal cord contusion rats. Brain Res 2017; 1669:106-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Onoda A, Kawasaki T, Tsukiyama K, Takeda K, Umezawa M. Perivascular Accumulation of β-Sheet-Rich Proteins in Offspring Brain following Maternal Exposure to Carbon Black Nanoparticles. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:92. [PMID: 28408868 PMCID: PMC5374146 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stimulation during brain development is an important risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative disease. Clinical evidence indicates that prenatal exposure to particulate air pollutants leads to diffuse damage to the neurovascular unit in the developing brain and accelerates neurodegeneration. Maternal exposure to carbon black nanoparticles (CB-NPs), used as a model for particulate air pollution, induces long-lasting diffuse perivascular abnormalities. We aimed to comprehensively characterize the perivascular abnormalities related to maternal NPs exposure using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (in situ FT-IR) and classical staining analysis. Pregnant ICR mice were intranasally treated with a CB-NPs suspension (95 μg/kg at a time) on gestational days 5 and 9. Brains were collected 6 weeks after birth and sliced to prepare 10-μm-thick serial sections. Reflective spectra of in situ FT-IR were acquired using lattice measurements (x-axis: 7, y-axis: 7, 30-μm apertures) around a centered blood vessel. We also performed mapping analysis of protein secondary structures. Serial sections were stained with using periodic acid-Schiff or immunofluorescence to examine the phenotypes of the perivascular areas. Peaks of amide I bands in spectra from perivascular areas were shifted by maternal NPs exposure. However, there were two types of peak-shift in one mouse in the exposure group. Some vessels had a large peak-shift and others had a small peak-shift. In situ FT-IR combined with traditional staining revealed that the large peak-shift was induced around blood vessel adjacent to astrocytes with glial fibrillary acidic protein and aquaporin-4 over-expression and perivascular macrophages (PVMs) with enlarged lysosome granules. Furthermore, protein secondary structural analysis indicated that maternal NPs exposure led to increases in β-sheet content and decreases in α-helix content in areas that are mostly close to the centered blood vessel displaying histopathological changes. These results suggest that β-sheet-rich waste proteins, which are denatured by maternal NPs exposure, likely accumulate in the perivascular space as they are processed by the clearance systems in the brain. This may in turn lead the denaturation of PVMs and astrocyte activation. The risk of neurodegeneration may be enhanced by exposure to particulate air pollutants during brain development following the perivascular accumulation of β-sheet-rich waste proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuto Onoda
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of ScienceNoda, Japan.,The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of ScienceNoda, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyo, Japan
| | - Takayasu Kawasaki
- Infrared Free Electron Laser Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of ScienceNoda, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsukiyama
- Infrared Free Electron Laser Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of ScienceNoda, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of ScienceTokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Takeda
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of ScienceNoda, Japan
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of ScienceNoda, Japan.,Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of ScienceTokyo, Japan
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15
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Onoda A, Takeda K, Umezawa M. Dose-dependent induction of astrocyte activation and reactive astrogliosis in mouse brain following maternal exposure to carbon black nanoparticle. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:4. [PMID: 28148272 PMCID: PMC5289048 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies indicate that maternal exposure to ambient ultrafine particles and nanoparticles has adverse effects of on the central nervous system. Quantitative dose–response data is required to better understand the developmental neurotoxicity of nanoparticles. The present study investigated dose-dependent effects of maternal exposure to carbon black nanoparticle (CB-NP) on astrocyte in the brains of mouse offspring. Methods A CB-NP suspension (2.9, 15, or 73 μg/kg) was intranasally administered to pregnant ICR mice on gestational days 5 and 9. Cerebral cortex samples were collected from 6-week-old offspring and examined by Western blotting, immunostaining, microarray analysis, and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Placentae were collected from pregnant dams on gestational day 13 and examined by microarray analysis. Results Maternal exposure to CB-NP induced a dose-dependent increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the cerebral cortex; this increase was particularly observed in astrocytic end-feet attached to denatured perivascular macrophages. Moreover, maternal CB-NP exposure dose-dependently increased aquaporin-4 expression in the brain parenchyma region around blood vessels. The changes in the expression profiles of GFAP and Aqp4 in offspring after maternal CB-NP exposure were similar to those observed in mice of a more advanced age. The expression levels of mRNAs associated with angiogenesis, cell migration, proliferation, chemotaxis, and growth factor production were also altered in the cerebral cortex of offspring after maternal CB-NP exposure. Differentially expressed genes in placental tissues after CB-NP exposure did not populate any specific gene ontology category. Conclusions Maternal CB-NP exposure induced long-term activation of astrocytes resulting in reactive astrogliosis in the brains of young mice. Our observations suggest a potentially increased risk of the onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases by maternal NP exposure. In this study, we report for the first time a quantitative dose–response relationship between maternal NP exposure and phenotypic changes in the central nervous system of the offspring. Moreover, our findings indicate that cortical GFAP and Aqp4 are useful biomarkers that can be employed in further studies aiming to elucidate the underlying mechanism of nanoparticle-mediated developmental neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuto Onoda
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan. .,The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan. .,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kouji-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Ken Takeda
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.,Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
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Chirico EN, Di Cataldo V, Chauveau F, Geloën A, Patsouris D, Thézé B, Martin C, Vidal H, Rieusset J, Pialoux V, Canet‐Soulas E. Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of exercise-induced improvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain of old high-fat-fed ApoE -/- mice. J Physiol 2016; 594:6969-6985. [PMID: 27641234 PMCID: PMC5134731 DOI: 10.1113/jp271903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Vascular brain lesions and atherosclerosis are two similar conditions that are characterized by increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Non-invasive imaging in a murine model of atherosclerosis showed vascular brain damage and peripheral inflammation. In this study, exercise training reduced magnetic resonance imaging-detected abnormalities, insulin resistance and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in old ApoE-/- mice. Our results demonstrate the protective effect of exercise on neurovascular damage in the ageing brain of ApoE-/- mice. ABSTRACT Vascular brain lesions, present in advanced atherosclerosis, share pathological hallmarks with peripheral vascular lesions, such as increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Physical activity reduces these peripheral risk factors, but its cerebrovascular effect is less documented, especially by non-invasive imaging. Through a combination of in vivo and post-mortem techniques, we aimed to characterize vascular brain damage in old ApoE-/- mice fed a high-cholesterol (HC) diet with dietary controlled intake. We then sought to determine the beneficial effects of exercise training on oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain as a treatment option in an ageing atherosclerosis mouse model. Using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biological markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, we evaluated the occurrence of vascular abnormalities in the brain of HC-diet fed ApoE-/- mice >70 weeks old, its association with local and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, and whether both can be modulated by exercise. Exercise training significantly reduced both MRI-detected abnormalities (present in 71% of untrained vs. 14% of trained mice) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, 9.1 ± 1.4 vs. 5.2 ± 0.9 μmol mg-1 ; P < 0.01) and inflammation (interleukin-1β, 226.8 ± 27.1 vs. 182.5 ± 21.5 pg mg-1 ; P < 0.05) in the brain, and the mortality rate. Exercise also decreased peripheral insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation, but significant associations were seen only within brain markers. Highly localized vascular brain damage is a frequent finding in this ageing atherosclerosis model, and exercise is able to reduce this outcome and improve lifespan. In vivo MRI evaluated both the neurovascular damage and the protective effect of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N. Chirico
- Cardiovascular, MetabolismDiabetes and Nutrition (CarMeN INSERM U‐1060)Faculty of Medicine Hospital Lyon SudUniversity of LyonUniversity Lyon 1OullinsFrance
- Laboratoire Inter‐Universitaire de Biologie de la MotricitéUniversity of Lyon, University Lyon 1(LIBMEA7424)VilleurbanneFrance
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamdenNJUSA
| | - Vanessa Di Cataldo
- Cardiovascular, MetabolismDiabetes and Nutrition (CarMeN INSERM U‐1060)Faculty of Medicine Hospital Lyon SudUniversity of LyonUniversity Lyon 1OullinsFrance
| | - Fabien Chauveau
- Lyon Neuroscience Research CentreUniversité de LyonUniversité Lyon 1CNRS UMR5292; Inserm U1028LyonFrance
| | - Alain Geloën
- Cardiovascular, MetabolismDiabetes and Nutrition (CarMeN INSERM U‐1060)Faculty of Medicine Hospital Lyon SudUniversity of LyonUniversity Lyon 1OullinsFrance
| | - David Patsouris
- Cardiovascular, MetabolismDiabetes and Nutrition (CarMeN INSERM U‐1060)Faculty of Medicine Hospital Lyon SudUniversity of LyonUniversity Lyon 1OullinsFrance
| | - Benoît Thézé
- Laboratoire Réparation et VieillissementInstitut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et MoléculaireCEAFontenay‐aux‐RosesFrance
| | - Cyril Martin
- Laboratoire Inter‐Universitaire de Biologie de la MotricitéUniversity of Lyon, University Lyon 1(LIBMEA7424)VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Cardiovascular, MetabolismDiabetes and Nutrition (CarMeN INSERM U‐1060)Faculty of Medicine Hospital Lyon SudUniversity of LyonUniversity Lyon 1OullinsFrance
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- Cardiovascular, MetabolismDiabetes and Nutrition (CarMeN INSERM U‐1060)Faculty of Medicine Hospital Lyon SudUniversity of LyonUniversity Lyon 1OullinsFrance
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Laboratoire Inter‐Universitaire de Biologie de la MotricitéUniversity of Lyon, University Lyon 1(LIBMEA7424)VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Canet‐Soulas
- Cardiovascular, MetabolismDiabetes and Nutrition (CarMeN INSERM U‐1060)Faculty of Medicine Hospital Lyon SudUniversity of LyonUniversity Lyon 1OullinsFrance
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Di Cataldo V, Géloën A, Langlois JB, Chauveau F, Thézé B, Hubert V, Wiart M, Chirico EN, Rieusset J, Vidal H, Pialoux V, Canet-Soulas E. Exercise Does Not Protect against Peripheral and Central Effects of a High Cholesterol Diet Given Ad libitum in Old ApoE -/- Mice. Front Physiol 2016; 7:453. [PMID: 27766082 PMCID: PMC5052582 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Advanced atherosclerosis increases inflammation and stroke risk in the cerebral vasculature. Exercise is known to improve cardio-metabolic profiles when associated with a caloric restriction, but it remains debated whether it is still beneficial without the dietary control. The aim of this study was to determine both the peripheral and central effects of exercise training combined with a cholesterol-rich diet given ad libitum in old ApoE−/− mice. Methods: Forty-five-weeks old obese ApoE−/− mice fed with a high cholesterol diet ad libitum were divided into Exercise-trained (EX; running wheel free access) and Sedentary (SED) groups. Insulin tolerance and brain imaging were performed before and after the twelve-weeks training. Tissue insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers in plasma, aorta, and brain were then assessed. Results: In EX ApoE−/− mice, no beneficial effect of exercise was observed on weight, abdominal fat, metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, or inflammation compared to SED. Despite the regular exercise training in ApoE−/− EX mice (mean of 12.5 km/week during 12 weeks), brain inflammation imaging score was significantly associated with increased blood brain barrier (BBB) leakage evaluated by imaging follow-up (r2 = 0.87; p = 0.049) with a faster evolution compared to SED ApoE−/−mice. Conclusion: We conclude that in a context of high cardio-metabolic risk, exercise does not provide any protective effect in old ApoE−/− animals under high cholesterol diet given ad libitum. Peripheral (insulin sensitivity and oxidative/inflammatory status) but also central features (BBB preservation and protection against inflammation) did not show any benefits of exercise. Indeed, there was a fast induction of irreversible brain damage that was more pronounced in exercise-trained ApoE−/− mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Di Cataldo
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1060, INRA U1397, Université Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Alain Géloën
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1060, INRA U1397, Université Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | | | - Fabien Chauveau
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University Lyon 1 Lyon, France
| | - Benoît Thézé
- Laboratoire Imagerie Moléculaire In vivo, UMR 1023 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale /CEA/Université Paris Sud - ERL 9218 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEA/I2BM/SHFJ Orsay, France
| | - Violaine Hubert
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5220, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U.1060 (CREATIS), University Claude Bernard Lyon1 INSA de Lyon, France
| | - Marlène Wiart
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5220, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U.1060 (CREATIS), University Claude Bernard Lyon1 INSA de Lyon, France
| | - Erica N Chirico
- University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA647) Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1060, INRA U1397, Université Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1060, INRA U1397, Université Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA647) Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1060, INRA U1397, Université Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France
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Lan YL, Fang DY, Zhao J, Ma TH, Li S. A research update on the potential roles of aquaporin 4 in neuroinflammation. Acta Neurol Belg 2016; 116:127-34. [PMID: 26259614 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-015-0520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of aquaporins (AQPs) in the brain has led to intense research on the underlying roles of this family of proteins under both normal and pathological conditions. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the major water-channel membrane protein expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), primarily in astrocytes. Emerging evidence suggests that AQP4 could play an important role in water and ion homeostasis in the brain, and it has been studied in various brain pathological conditions. However, far less is known about the potential for AQP4 to influence neuroinflammation and, furthermore, its potential role in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of many clinical diseases, such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO), multiple sclerosis (MS) and brain injuries, is related to the regulation of AQP4 expression. Investigating the effects of AQP4 on microglia and astrocytes could be important to understand its role in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation. Although the exact roles of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in protection against the detrimental effects of neuroinflammation remain unclear, research into the possible neuroprotective effects of AQP4 against neuroinflammation regulation seems to be important for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Deng-Yang Fang
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Tong-Hui Ma
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
- College of Basic Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Shao Li
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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20
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ApoE-Deficient Promotes Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis via Alteration of MMP-9. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:282-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator enhances microglial cell recruitment after stroke in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:802-12. [PMID: 24473480 PMCID: PMC4013777 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) on neuroinflammation after stroke remains largely unknown. Here, we tested the effect of rtPA on expression of cellular adhesion molecules, chemokines, and cytokines, and compared those with levels of inflammatory cell recruitment, brain injury, and mortality over 3 days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice. Mortality was dramatically increased after rtPA treatment compared with saline treatment during the first day of reperfusion. Among the animals that survived, rtPA significantly increased CCL3 expression, microglia recruitment, and cerebral infarction 6 hours after MCAO. In contrast, the extent of neutrophils and macrophages infiltration in the brain was similar in both saline- and rtPA-treated animals. Recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator induced Il1b and Tnf expression, 6 and 72 hours after MCAO, respectively, and dramatically reduced interleukin 6 (IL-6) level 24 hours after reperfusion. A dose response study confirmed the effect of rtPA on CCL3 and Il1b expressions. The effect was similar at the doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg. In conclusion, we report for the first time that rtPA amplified microglia recruitment early after stroke in association with a rapid CCL3 production. This early response may take part in the higher susceptibility of rtPA-treated animals to reperfusion injury.
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Ruan Q, Hu X, Ao H, Ma H, Gao Z, Liu F, Kong D, Bao Z, Yu Z. The Neurovascular Protective Effects of Huperzine A on D-Galactose-Induced Inflammatory Damage in the Rat Hippocampus. Gerontology 2014; 60:424-39. [DOI: 10.1159/000358235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Tucsek Z, Toth P, Sosnowska D, Gautam T, Mitschelen M, Koller A, Szalai G, Sonntag WE, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A. Obesity in aging exacerbates blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in the mouse hippocampus: effects on expression of genes involved in beta-amyloid generation and Alzheimer's disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:1212-26. [PMID: 24269929 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that obesity has deleterious effects on the brain and cognitive function in the elderly population. However, the specific mechanisms through which aging and obesity interact to promote cognitive decline remain unclear. To test the hypothesis that aging exacerbates obesity-induced cerebromicrovascular damage and neuroinflammation, we compared young (7 months) and aged (24 months) high fat diet-fed obese C57BL/6 mice. Aging exacerbated obesity-induced systemic inflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption, as indicated by the increased circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines and increased presence of extravasated immunoglobulin G in the hippocampus, respectively. Obesity-induced blood-brain barrier damage was associated with microglia activation, upregulation of activating Fc-gamma receptors and proinflammatory cytokines, and increased oxidative stress. Treatment of cultured primary microglia with sera derived from aged obese mice resulted in significantly more pronounced microglia activation and oxidative stress, as compared with treatment with young sera. Serum-induced activation and oxidative stress were also exacerbated in primary microglia derived from aged animals. Hippocampal expression of genes involved in regulation of the cellular amyloid precursor protein-dependent signaling pathways, beta-amyloid generation, and the pathogenesis of tauopathy were largely unaffected by obesity in aged mice. Collectively, obesity in aging is associated with a heightened state of systemic inflammation, which exacerbates blood-brain barrier disruption. The resulting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the mouse hippocampus likely contribute to the significant cognitive decline observed in aged obese animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Tucsek
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Peter Toth
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Danuta Sosnowska
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Tripti Gautam
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Matthew Mitschelen
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Akos Koller
- Department of Pathophysiology and Gerontology, Medical School and Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gabor Szalai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - William E Sonntag
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City. The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City. Department of Pathophysiology and Gerontology, Medical School and Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Hungary. The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City.
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City. Department of Pathophysiology and Gerontology, Medical School and Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Hungary. The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
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Bink DI, Ritz K, Aronica E, van der Weerd L, Daemen MJAP. Mouse models to study the effect of cardiovascular risk factors on brain structure and cognition. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:1666-84. [PMID: 23963364 PMCID: PMC3824184 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical data indicates that hemodynamic changes caused by cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, and hypertension affect cognition. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of the resulting vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) are poorly understood. One reason for the lack of mechanistic insights in VCI is that research in dementia primarily focused on Alzheimer's disease models. To fill in this gap, we critically reviewed the published data and various models of VCI. Typical findings in VCI include reduced cerebral perfusion, blood-brain barrier alterations, white matter lesions, and cognitive deficits, which have also been reported in different cardiovascular mouse models. However, the tests performed are incomplete and differ between models, hampering a direct comparison between models and studies. Nevertheless, from the currently available data we conclude that a few existing surgical animal models show the key features of vascular cognitive decline, with the bilateral common carotid artery stenosis hypoperfusion mouse model as the most promising model. The transverse aortic constriction and myocardial infarction models may be good alternatives, but these models are as yet less characterized regarding the possible cerebral changes. Mixed models could be used to study the combined effects of different cardiovascular diseases on the deterioration of cognition during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diewertje I Bink
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Ritz
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- SEIN—Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, The Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mat JAP Daemen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Francis H, Stevenson R. The longer-term impacts of Western diet on human cognition and the brain. Appetite 2013; 63:119-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Pernow J, Jung C. Arginase as a potential target in the treatment of cardiovascular disease: reversal of arginine steal? Cardiovasc Res 2013; 98:334-43. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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27
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Fukuda AM, Badaut J. Aquaporin 4: a player in cerebral edema and neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:279. [PMID: 23270503 PMCID: PMC3552817 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common pathological event observed in many different brain diseases, frequently associated with blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and followed by cerebral edema. Neuroinflammation is characterized with microglia activation and astrogliosis, which is a hypertrophy of the astrocytes. Astrocytes express aquaporin 4, the water channel protein, involved in water homeostasis and edema formation. Aside from its function in water homeostasis, recent studies started to show possible interrelations between aquaporin 4 and neuroinflammation. In this review the roles of aquaporin 4 in neuroinflammation associated with BBB disruption and cerebral edema will be discussed with recent studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Fukuda
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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