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Hossain MA, Rahman MH, Sultana H, Ahsan A, Rayhan SI, Hasan MI, Sohel M, Somadder PD, Moni MA. An integrated in-silico Pharmaco-BioInformatics approaches to identify synergistic effects of COVID-19 to HIV patients. Comput Biol Med 2023; 155:106656. [PMID: 36805222 PMCID: PMC9911982 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With high inflammatory states from both COVID-19 and HIV conditions further result in complications. The ongoing confrontation between these two viral infections can be avoided by adopting suitable management measures. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to figure out the pharmacological mechanism behind apigenin's role in the synergetic effects of COVID-19 to the progression of HIV patients. METHOD We employed computer-aided methods to uncover similar biological targets and signaling pathways associated with COVID-19 and HIV, along with bioinformatics and network pharmacology techniques to assess the synergetic effects of apigenin on COVID-19 to the progression of HIV, as well as pharmacokinetics analysis to examine apigenin's safety in the human body. RESULT Stress-responsive, membrane receptor, and induction pathways were mostly involved in gene ontology (GO) pathways, whereas apoptosis and inflammatory pathways were significantly associated in the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG). The top 20 hub genes were detected utilizing the shortest path ranked by degree method and protein-protein interaction (PPI), as well as molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were performed, revealing apigenin's strong interaction with hub proteins (MAPK3, RELA, MAPK1, EP300, and AKT1). Moreover, the pharmacokinetic features of apigenin revealed that it is an effective therapeutic agent with minimal adverse effects, for instance, hepatoxicity. CONCLUSION Synergetic effects of COVID-19 on the progression of HIV may still be a danger to global public health. Consequently, advanced solutions are required to give valid information regarding apigenin as a suitable therapeutic agent for the management of COVID-19 and HIV synergetic effects. However, the findings have yet to be confirmed in patients, suggesting more in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arju Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh; Center for Advanced Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligent Research, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh.
| | - Habiba Sultana
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Ahsan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Saiful Islam Rayhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Imran Hasan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Pratul Dipta Somadder
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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SGK1, a Serine/Threonine Kinase, Inhibits Prototype Foamy Virus Replication. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0199521. [PMID: 35438526 PMCID: PMC9241813 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01995-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Foamy viruses (FVs) are complex retroviruses belonging to the Spumaretrovirinae subfamily of the Retroviridae family. In contrast to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), another member of the Retroviridae family, FVs are nonpathogenic in their natural hosts or in experimentally infected animals. Prototype foamy virus (PFV) is the only foamy virus that can infect humans through cross-species transmission and does not show any pathogenicity after infection. Consequently, PFV is considered a safe and efficient gene transfer vector. Understanding the host proteins involved in the replication of PFV and the mechanism of interaction between the host and the virus might lead to studies to improve the efficiency of gene transfer. To date, only a few host factors have been identified that affect PFV replication. In the present study, we report that PFV infection enhances the promoter activity of SGK1 (encoding serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1) via the Tas protein signaling pathway, and then upregulates the mRNA and protein levels of SGK1. Overexpression of SGK1 reduced PFV replication, whereas its depletion using small interfering RNA increased PFV replication. SGK1 inhibits PFV replication by impairing the function of the PFV Tas activation domain in a kinase-independent manner and reducing the stability of the Gag protein in a kinase-dependent manner. In addition, both human and bovine SGK1 proteins inhibit the replication of bovine foamy virus (BFV) and PFV. These findings not only improved our understanding of the function of SGK1 and its relationship with foamy viruses, but also contributed to determining the antiviral mechanism of the host. IMPORTANCE Foamy viruses can integrate into the host chromosome and are nonpathogenic in natural hosts or in experimentally infected animals. Therefore, foamy viruses are considered to be safe and efficient gene transfer vectors. Persistent infection of foamy viruses is partly caused by the restrictive effect of host factors on the virus. However, only a few cellular proteins are known to influence the replication of foamy viruses. In this study, we report that SGK1 inhibits the replication of prototype foamy virus by affecting the function of the transcription activator, Tas, and reducing the stability of the structural protein, Gag. These results will increase our understanding of the interaction between the virus and host factors, deepening our perception of host antiviral defenses and the function of SGK1, and could improve the gene transfer efficiency of foamy viruses.
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Lateef Z, Gimenez G, Baker ES, Ward VK. Transcriptomic analysis of human norovirus NS1-2 protein highlights a multifunctional role in murine monocytes. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:39. [PMID: 28056773 PMCID: PMC5217272 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The GII.4 Sydney 2012 strain of human norovirus (HuNoV) is a pandemic strain that is responsible for the majority of norovirus outbreaks in healthcare settings. The function of the non-structural (NS)1-2 protein from HuNoV is unknown. Results In silico analysis of human norovirus NS1-2 protein showed that it shares features with the murine NS1-2 protein, including a disordered region, a transmembrane domain and H-box and NC sequence motifs. The proteins also contain caspase cleavage and phosphorylation sites, indicating that processing and phosphorylation may be a conserved feature of norovirus NS1-2 proteins. In this study, RNA transcripts of human and murine norovirus full-length and the disordered region of NS1-2 were transfected into monocytes, and next generation sequencing was used to analyse the transcriptomic profile of cells expressing virus proteins. The profiles were then compared to the transcriptomic profile of MNV-infected cells. Conclusions RNAseq analysis showed that NS1-2 proteins from human and murine noroviruses affect multiple immune systems (chemokine, cytokine, and Toll-like receptor signaling) and intracellular pathways (NFκB, MAPK, PI3K-Akt signaling) in murine monocytes. Comparison to the transcriptomic profile of MNV-infected cells indicated the pathways that NS1-2 may affect during norovirus infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3417-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabeen Lateef
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, 720 Cumberland St, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Gregory Gimenez
- Otago Genomics and Bioinformatics Facility, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Estelle S Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, 720 Cumberland St, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Vernon K Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, 720 Cumberland St, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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Xie J, Li K, Gao Y, Huang R, Lai Y, Shi Y, Yang S, Zhu G, Zhang Q, He J. Structural analysis and insertion study reveal the ideal sites for surface displaying foreign peptides on a betanodavirus-like particle. Vet Res 2016; 47:16. [PMID: 26754256 PMCID: PMC4710043 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Betanodavirus infection causes fatal disease of viral nervous necrosis in many cultured marine and freshwater fish worldwide and the virus-like particles (VLP) are effective vaccines against betanodavirus. But vaccine and viral vector designs of betanodavirus VLP based on their structures remain lacking. Here, the three-dimensional structure of orange-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (OGNNV) VLP (RBS) at 3.9 Å reveals the organization of capsid proteins (CP). Based on the structural results, seven putative important sites were selected to genetically insert a 6× histidine (His)-tag for VLP formation screen, resulting in four His-tagged VLP (HV) at positions N-terminus, Ala220, Pro292 and C-terminus. The His-tags of N-terminal HV (NHV) were concealed inside virions while those of 220HV and C-terminal HV (CHV) were displayed at the outer surface. NHV, 220HV and CHV maintained the same cell entry ability as RBS in the Asian sea bass (SB) cell line, indicating that their similar surface structures can be recognized by the cellular entry receptor(s). For application of vaccine design, chromatography-purified CHV could provoke NNV-specific antibody responses as strong as those of RBS in a sea bass immunization assay. Furthermore, in carrying capacity assays, N-terminus and Ala220 can only carry short peptides and C-terminus can even accommodate large protein such as GFP to generate fluorescent VLP (CGV). For application of a viral vector, CGV could be real-time visualized to enter SB cells in invasion study. All the results confirmed that the C-terminus of CP is a suitable site to accommodate foreign peptides for vaccine design and viral vector development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Kunpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Yuanzhu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Runqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Yuxiong Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 518080, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Shaowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Guohua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Qinfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China. .,School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Bin Hamid F, Kim J, Shin CG. Cellular and viral determinants of retroviral nuclear entry. Can J Microbiol 2015; 62:1-15. [PMID: 26553381 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Retroviruses must integrate their cDNA into the host genome to generate proviruses. Viral DNA-protein complexes interact with cellular proteins and produce pre-integration complexes, which carry the viral genome and cross the nuclear pore channel to enter the nucleus and integrate viral DNA into host chromosomal DNA. If the reverse transcripts fail to integrate, linear or circular DNA species such as 1- and 2-long terminal repeats are generated. Such complexes encounter numerous cellular proteins in the cytoplasm, which restrict viral infection and protect the nucleus. To overcome host cell defenses, the pathogens have evolved several evasion strategies. Viral proteins often contain nuclear localization signals, allowing entry into the nucleus. Among more than 1000 proteins identified as required for HIV infection by RNA interference screening, karyopherins, cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 6, and nucleoporins have been predominantly studied. This review discusses current opinions about the synergistic relationship between the viral and cellular factors involved in nuclear import, with focus on the unveiled mysteries of the host-pathogen interaction, and highlights novel approaches to pinpoint therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faysal Bin Hamid
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756, Republic of Korea.,Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsun Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756, Republic of Korea.,Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha-Gyun Shin
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756, Republic of Korea.,Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756, Republic of Korea
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Ezrin is a component of the HIV-1 virological presynapse and contributes to the inhibition of cell-cell fusion. J Virol 2014; 88:7645-58. [PMID: 24760896 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00550-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED During cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1, viral and cellular proteins transiently accumulate at the contact zone between infected (producer) and uninfected (target) cells, forming the virological synapse. Rearrangements of the cytoskeleton in producer and target cells are required for proper targeting of viral and cellular components during synapse formation, yet little is known about how these processes are regulated, particularly within the producer cell. Since ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins connect F-actin with integral and peripheral membrane proteins, are incorporated into virions, and interact with cellular components of the virological presynapse, we hypothesized that they play roles during the late stage of HIV-1 replication. Here we document that phosphorylated (i.e., active) ezrin specifically accumulates at the HIV-1 presynapse in T cell lines and primary CD4(+) lymphocytes. To investigate whether ezrin supports virus transmission, we sought to ablate ezrin expression in producer cells. While cells did not tolerate a complete knockdown of ezrin, even a modest reduction of ezrin expression (~50%) in HIV-1-producing cells led to the release of particles with impaired infectivity. Further, when cocultured with uninfected target cells, ezrin-knockdown producer cells displayed reduced accumulation of the tetraspanin CD81 at the synapse and fused more readily with target cells, thus forming syncytia. Such an outcome likely is not optimal for virus dissemination, as evidenced by the fact that, in vivo, only relatively few infected cells form syncytia. Thus, ezrin likely helps secure efficient virus spread not only by enhancing virion infectivity but also by preventing excessive membrane fusion at the virological synapse. IMPORTANCE While viruses, in principal, can propagate through successions of syncytia, HIV-1-infected cells in the majority of cases do not fuse with potential target cells during viral transmission. This mode of spread is coresponsible for key features of HIV-1 pathogenesis, including killing of bystander cells and establishment of latently infected T lymphocytes. Here we identify the ERM protein family member ezrin as a cellular factor that contributes to the inhibition of cell-cell fusion and thus to suppressing excessive syncytium formation. Our analyses further suggest that ezrin, which connects integral membrane proteins with actin, functions in concert with CD81, a member of the tetraspanin family of proteins. Additional evidence, documented here and elsewhere, suggests that ezrin and CD81 cooperate to prevent cytoskeleton rearrangements that need to take place during the fusion of cellular membranes.
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Immune responses of orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, against virus-like particles of betanodavirus produced in Escherichia coli. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 157:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Giroud C, Chazal N, Gay B, Eldin P, Brun S, Briant L. HIV-1-associated PKA acts as a cofactor for genome reverse transcription. Retrovirology 2013; 10:157. [PMID: 24344931 PMCID: PMC3880072 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Host cell proteins, including cellular kinases, are embarked into intact HIV-1 particles. We have previously shown that the Cα catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase is packaged within HIV-1 virions as an enzymatically active form able to phosphorylate a synthetic substrate in vitro (Cartier et al. J. Biol. Chem. 278:35211 (2003)). The present study was conceived to investigate the contribution of HIV-1-associated PKA to the retroviral life cycle. Results NL4.3 viruses were produced from cells cultured in the presence of PKA inhibitors H89 (H89-NL4.3) or Myr-PKI (PKI-NL4.3) and analyzed for viral replication. Despite being mature and normally assembled, and containing expected levels of genomic RNA and RT enzymatic activity, such viruses showed poor infectivity. Indeed, infection generated reduced amounts of strong-strop minus strand DNA, while incoming RNA levels in target cells were unaffected. Decreased cDNA synthesis was also evidenced in intact H89-NL4.3 and PKI-NL4.3 cell free particles using endogenous reverse transcription (ERT) experiments. Moreover, similar defects were reproduced when wild type NL4.3 particles preincubated with PKA inhibitors were subjected to ERT reactions. Conclusions Altogether, our results indicate that HIV-1-associated PKA is required for early reverse transcription of the retroviral genome both in cell free intact viruses and in target cells. Accordingly, virus-associated PKA behaves as a cofactor of an intraviral process required for optimal reverse transcription and for early post-entry events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Laurence Briant
- Centre d'étude d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS)-CNRS UMR 5236, Université Montpellier 1,2, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, cedex 2 34293, France.
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Cummins NW, Badley AD. Anti-apoptotic mechanisms of HIV: lessons and novel approaches to curing HIV. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3355-63. [PMID: 23275944 PMCID: PMC3753464 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Past efforts at curing infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been blocked by the resistance of some infected cells to viral cytopathic effects and the associated development of a latent viral reservoir. Furthermore, current efforts to clear the viral reservoir by means of reactivating latent virus are hampered by the lack of cell death in the newly productively infected cells. The purpose of this review is to describe the many anti-apoptotic mechanisms of HIV, as well as the current limitations in the field. Only by understanding how infected cells avoid HIV-induced cell death can an effective strategy to kill infected cells be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Cummins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Joshi P, Sloan B, Torbett BE, Stoddart CA. Heat shock protein 90AB1 and hyperthermia rescue infectivity of HIV with defective cores. Virology 2013; 436:162-72. [PMID: 23200770 PMCID: PMC3563299 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that reduced infectivity of HIV with incompletely processed capsid-spacer protein 1 (CA-SP1) is rescued by cellular activation or increased expression of HSP90AB1, a member of the cytosolic heat shock protein 90 family. Here we show that HSP90AB1 is present in HIV virions and that HSP90AB1, but not nonfunctional mutated HSP90AB1(E42A+D88A), restores infectivity to HIV with mutations in CA that alter core stability. Further, the CA mutants were hypersensitive to pharmacological inhibition of HSP90AB1. In agreement with Roesch et al. (2012), we found that culturing HIV at 39.5°C enhanced viral infectivity up to 30-fold in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (p=0.002) and rescued CA-mutant infectivity in nonactivated cells, concurrent with elevated expression of HSP90AB1 during hyperthermia. In sum, the transdominant effect of HSP90AB1 on CA-mutant HIV infectivity suggests a potential role for this class of cellular chaperones in HIV core stability and uncoating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pheroze Joshi
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Barbara Sloan
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Bruce E. Torbett
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Stoddart
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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Mansouri S, Kutky M, Hudak KA. Pokeweed antiviral protein increases HIV-1 particle infectivity by activating the cellular mitogen activated protein kinase pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36369. [PMID: 22563495 PMCID: PMC3341375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) is a plant-derived N-glycosidase that exhibits antiviral activity against several viruses. The enzyme removes purine bases from the messenger RNAs of the retroviruses Human immunodeficiency virus-1 and Human T-cell leukemia virus-1. This depurination reduces viral protein synthesis by stalling elongating ribosomes at nucleotides with a missing base. Here, we transiently expressed PAP in cells with a proviral clone of HIV-1 to examine the effect of the protein on virus production and quality. PAP reduced virus production by approximately 450-fold, as measured by p24 ELISA of media containing virions, which correlated with a substantial decline in virus protein synthesis in cells. However, particles released from PAP-expressing cells were approximately 7-fold more infectious, as determined by single-cycle infection of 1G5 cells and productive infection of MT2 cells. This increase in infectivity was not likely due to changes in the processing of HIV-1 polyproteins, RNA packaging efficiency or maturation of virus. Rather, expression of PAP activated the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway to a limited extent, resulting in increased phosphorylation of viral p17 matrix protein. The increase in infectivity of HIV-1 particles produced from PAP-expressing cells was compensated by the reduction in virus number; that is, virus production decreased upon de novo infection of cells over time. However, our findings emphasize the importance of investigating the influence of heterologous protein expression upon host cells when assessing their potential for antiviral applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Mansouri
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meherzad Kutky
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katalin A. Hudak
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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