1
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Mosevitsky MI. Progerin and Its Role in Accelerated and Natural Aging. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Kim BH, Woo TG, Kang SM, Park S, Park BJ. Splicing Variants, Protein-Protein Interactions, and Drug Targeting in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome and Small Cell Lung Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020165. [PMID: 35205210 PMCID: PMC8871687 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a biological operation that enables a messenger RNA to encode protein variants (isoforms) that give one gene several functions or properties. This process provides one of the major sources of use for understanding the proteomic diversity of multicellular organisms. In combination with post-translational modifications, it contributes to generating a variety of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) that are essential to cellular homeostasis or proteostasis. However, cells exposed to many kinds of stresses (aging, genetic changes, carcinogens, etc.) sometimes derive cancer or disease onset from aberrant PPIs caused by DNA mutations. In this review, we summarize how splicing variants may form a neomorphic protein complex and cause diseases such as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and we discuss how protein–protein interfaces obtained from the variants may represent efficient therapeutic target sites to treat HGPS and SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bae-Hoon Kim
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46241, Korea; (B.-H.K.); (T.-G.W.)
| | - Tae-Gyun Woo
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46241, Korea; (B.-H.K.); (T.-G.W.)
| | - So-Mi Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46274, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46274, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd., Busan 46241, Korea; (B.-H.K.); (T.-G.W.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46274, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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Rajeev M, Ratan C, Krishnan K, Vijayan M. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (Hgps) And Application Of Gene Therapy Based Crispr/Cas Technology As A Promising Innovative Treatment Approach. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2021; 15:266-285. [PMID: 34602042 DOI: 10.2174/1872208315666210928114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) also known as progeria of childhood or progeria is a rare, rapid, autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by premature aging which occurs shortly after birth. HGPS occurs as a result of de novo point mutation in the gene recognized as LMNA gene that encodes two proteins Lamin A protein and Lamin C protein which are the structural components of the nuclear envelope. Mutations in the gene trigger abnormal splicing and induce internal deletion of 50 amino acids leading to the development of a truncated form of Lamin A protein known as Progerin. Progerin generation can be considered as the crucial step in HGPS since the protein is highly toxic to human cells, permanently farnesylated, and exhibits variation in several biochemical and structural properties within the individual. HGPS also produces complications such as skin alterations, growth failure, atherosclerosis, hair and fat loss, and bone and joint diseases. We have also revised all relevant patents relating to Hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome and its therapy in the current article. METHOD The goal of the present review article is to provide information about Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and the use of CRISPR/Cas technology as a promising treatment approach in the treatment of the disease. The review also discusses about different pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of treatment currently used for HGPS. RESULTS The main limitation associated with progeria is the lack of a definitive cure. The existing treatment modality provides only symptomatic relief. Therefore, it is high time to develop a therapeutic method that hastens premature aging in such patients. CONCLUSION CRISPR/Cas technology is a novel gene-editing tool that allows genome editing at specific loci, and is found to be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of genetic disorders such as HGPS where dominant-negative mutations take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekha Rajeev
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vihwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041. India
| | - Chameli Ratan
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vihwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041. India
| | - Karthik Krishnan
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vihwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041. India
| | - Meenu Vijayan
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vihwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041. India
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Arnold R, Vehns E, Randl H, Djabali K. Baricitinib, a JAK-STAT Inhibitor, Reduces the Cellular Toxicity of the Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor Lonafarnib in Progeria Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147474. [PMID: 34299092 PMCID: PMC8307450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an ultra-rare multisystem premature aging disorder that leads to early death (mean age of 14.7 years) due to myocardial infarction or stroke. Most cases have a de novo point mutation at position G608G within exon 11 of the LMNA gene. This mutation leads to the production of a permanently farnesylated truncated prelamin A protein called “progerin” that is toxic to the cells. Recently, farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) lonafarnib has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with HGPS. While lonafarnib treatment irrefutably ameliorates HGPS disease, it is however not a cure. FTI has been shown to cause several cellular side effects, including genomic instability as well as binucleated and donut-shaped nuclei. We report that, in addition to these cellular stresses, FTI caused an increased frequency of cytosolic DNA fragment formation. These extranuclear DNA fragments colocalized with cGAs and activated the cGAS-STING-STAT1 signaling axis, upregulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in FTI-treated human HGPS fibroblasts. Treatment with lonafarnib and baricitinib, a JAK-STAT inhibitor, not only prevented the activation of the cGAS STING-STAT1 pathway, but also improved the overall HGPS cellular homeostasis. These ameliorations included progerin levels, nuclear shape, proteostasis, cellular ATP, proliferation, and the reduction of cellular inflammation and senescence. Thus, we suggest that combining lonafarnib with baricitinib might provide an opportunity to reduce FTI cellular toxicity and ameliorate HGPS symptoms further than lonafarnib alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Arnold
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Elena Vehns
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hannah Randl
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karima Djabali
- Epigenetics of Aging, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
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5
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Progerinin, an optimized progerin-lamin A binding inhibitor, ameliorates premature senescence phenotypes of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Commun Biol 2021; 4:5. [PMID: 33398110 PMCID: PMC7782499 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01540-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has revealed that progerin-lamin A binding inhibitor (JH4) can ameliorate pathological features of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) such as nuclear deformation, growth suppression in patient’s cells, and very short life span in an in vivo mouse model. Despite its favorable effects, JH4 is rapidly eliminated in in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis. Thus, we improved its property through chemical modification and obtained an optimized drug candidate, Progerinin (SLC-D011). This chemical can extend the life span of LmnaG609G/G609G mouse for about 10 weeks and increase its body weight. Progerinin can also extend the life span of LmnaG609G/+ mouse for about 14 weeks via oral administration, whereas treatment with lonafarnib (farnesyl-transferase inhibitor) can only extend the life span of LmnaG609G/+ mouse for about two weeks. In addition, progerinin can induce histological and physiological improvement in LmnaG609G/+ mouse. These results indicate that progerinin is a strong drug candidate for HGPS. Kang, Park and colleagues develop and demonstrate the effects of a new drug candidate for treatment of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome pathologies. Progerinin extends the life span of mice used to model this disease and induces histological and physiological improvements.
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6
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Feehan J, Kassem M, Pignolo RJ, Duque G. Bone From Blood: Characteristics and Clinical Implications of Circulating Osteogenic Progenitor (COP) Cells. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:12-23. [PMID: 33118647 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating osteogenic progenitor (COP) cells are a population of cells in the peripheral blood with the capacity for bone formation, as well as broader differentiation into mesoderm-like cells in vitro. Although some of their biological characteristics are documented in vitro, their role in diseases of the musculoskeletal system remains yet to be fully evaluated. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of COP cells in a number of physiological and pathological conditions, as well as identify areas for future research. In addition, we suggest possible areas for clinical utilization in the management of musculoskeletal diseases. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Feehan
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne-Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert J Pignolo
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne-Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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7
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Isaev NK, Stelmashook EV, Genrikhs EE. Neurogenesis and brain aging. Rev Neurosci 2020; 30:573-580. [PMID: 30763272 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human aging affects the entire organism, but aging of the brain must undoubtedly be different from that of all other organs, as neurons are highly differentiated postmitotic cells, for the majority of which the lifespan in the postnatal period is equal to the lifespan of the entire organism. In this work, we examine the distinctive features of brain aging and neurogenesis during normal aging, pathological aging (Alzheimer's disease), and accelerated aging (Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and Werner syndrome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolay K Isaev
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, N.A. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Biological Faculty, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Research Center of Neurology, Moscow 125367, Russia
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8
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Suzuki K, Yamamoto M, Hernandez-Benitez R, Li Z, Wei C, Soligalla RD, Aizawa E, Hatanaka F, Kurita M, Reddy P, Ocampo A, Hishida T, Sakurai M, Nemeth AN, Nuñez Delicado E, Campistol JM, Magistretti P, Guillen P, Rodriguez Esteban C, Gong J, Yuan Y, Gu Y, Liu GH, López-Otín C, Wu J, Zhang K, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Precise in vivo genome editing via single homology arm donor mediated intron-targeting gene integration for genetic disease correction. Cell Res 2019; 29:804-819. [PMID: 31444470 PMCID: PMC6796851 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo genome editing represents a powerful strategy for both understanding basic biology and treating inherited diseases. However, it remains a challenge to develop universal and efficient in vivo genome-editing tools for tissues that comprise diverse cell types in either a dividing or non-dividing state. Here, we describe a versatile in vivo gene knock-in methodology that enables the targeting of a broad range of mutations and cell types through the insertion of a minigene at an intron of the target gene locus using an intracellularly linearized single homology arm donor. As a proof-of-concept, we focused on a mouse model of premature-aging caused by a dominant point mutation, which is difficult to repair using existing in vivo genome-editing tools. Systemic treatment using our new method ameliorated aging-associated phenotypes and extended animal lifespan, thus highlighting the potential of this methodology for a broad range of in vivo genome-editing applications.
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Grants
- DP1 DK113616 NIDDK NIH HHS
- P30 CA014195 NCI NIH HHS
- R01 HL123755 NHLBI NIH HHS
- J.C.I.B. was supported by The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (2012-PG-MED002), the G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation, NIH (R01HL123755 and 5 DP1 DK113616), The Progeria Research Foundation, The Glenn Foundation, KAUST, The Moxie Foundation, Fundación Dr. Pedro Guillen, AFE and Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM).
- K.S. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (15K21762 and 18H04036), Takeda Science Foundation, The Uehara Memorial Foundation, National Institutes of Natural Sciences (BS291007), The Sumitomo Foundation (170220), The Naito Foundation, The Kurata Grants (1350), Mochida Memorial Foundation and The Inamori Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Suzuki
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Mako Yamamoto
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Zhe Li
- Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0412, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412, USA
| | - Christopher Wei
- Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0412, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412, USA
| | - Rupa Devi Soligalla
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos, 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Spain
| | - Emi Aizawa
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Hatanaka
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Masakazu Kurita
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos, 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Spain
| | - Pradeep Reddy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alejandro Ocampo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tomoaki Hishida
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Masahiro Sakurai
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos, 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Spain
| | - Amy N Nemeth
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Estrella Nuñez Delicado
- Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos, 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Spain
| | - Josep M Campistol
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Carrer Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre Magistretti
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pedro Guillen
- Fundacion Dr. Pedro Guillen, Clinica CEMTRO, Avenida Ventisquero de la Condesa, 4228035, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jianhui Gong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Innovative Molecular Diagnostics, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yilin Yuan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Gu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jun Wu
- Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos, 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0412, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412, USA
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9
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Rao RA, Ketkar AA, Kedia N, Krishnamoorthy VK, Lakshmanan V, Kumar P, Mohanty A, Kumar SD, Raja SO, Gulyani A, Chaturvedi CP, Brand M, Palakodeti D, Rampalli S. KMT1 family methyltransferases regulate heterochromatin-nuclear periphery tethering via histone and non-histone protein methylation. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e43260. [PMID: 30858340 PMCID: PMC6501005 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Euchromatic histone methyltransferases (EHMTs), members of the KMT1 family, methylate histone and non-histone proteins. Here, we uncover a novel role for EHMTs in regulating heterochromatin anchorage to the nuclear periphery (NP) via non-histone methylation. We show that EHMTs methylate and stabilize LaminB1 (LMNB1), which associates with the H3K9me2-marked peripheral heterochromatin. Loss of LMNB1 methylation or EHMTs abrogates heterochromatin anchorage at the NP We further demonstrate that the loss of EHMTs induces many hallmarks of aging including global reduction of H3K27methyl marks and altered nuclear morphology. Consistent with this, we observe a gradual depletion of EHMTs, which correlates with loss of methylated LMNB1 and peripheral heterochromatin in aging human fibroblasts. Restoration of EHMT expression reverts peripheral heterochromatin defects in aged cells. Collectively, our work elucidates a new mechanism by which EHMTs regulate heterochromatin domain organization and reveals their impact on fundamental changes associated with the intrinsic aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Arasala Rao
- Centre For Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Sastra University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Alhad Ashok Ketkar
- Centre For Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Neelam Kedia
- Centre For Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vignesh K Krishnamoorthy
- Centre For Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vairavan Lakshmanan
- Sastra University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
- Technologies for the Advancement of Science, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Centre For Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhishek Mohanty
- Centre For Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shilpa Dilip Kumar
- Technologies for the Advancement of Science, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sufi O Raja
- Technologies for the Advancement of Science, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Akash Gulyani
- Technologies for the Advancement of Science, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandra Prakash Chaturvedi
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Marjorie Brand
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dasaradhi Palakodeti
- Technologies for the Advancement of Science, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shravanti Rampalli
- Centre For Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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10
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Armando RG, Mengual Gomez DL, Maggio J, Sanmartin MC, Gomez DE. Telomeropathies: Etiology, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ethical and legal considerations. Clin Genet 2019; 96:3-16. [PMID: 30820928 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Telomeropathies involve a wide variety of infrequent genetic diseases caused by mutations in the telomerase maintenance mechanism or the DNA damage response (DDR) system. They are considered a family of rare diseases that often share causes, molecular mechanisms and symptoms. Generally, these diseases are not diagnosed until the symptoms are advanced, diminishing the survival time of patients. Although several related syndromes may still be unrecognized this work describes those that are known, highlighting that because they are rare diseases, physicians should be trained in their early diagnosis. The etiology and diagnosis are discussed for each telomeropathy and the treatments when available, along with a new classification of this group of diseases. Ethical and legal issues related to this group of diseases are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina G Armando
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego L Mengual Gomez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julián Maggio
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Sanmartin
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel E Gomez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Zamponi E, Helguera PR. The Shape of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Down Syndrome. Dev Neurobiol 2019; 79:613-621. [PMID: 30830726 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) have been extensively studied and defined as therapeutic targets in Down syndrome (DS). Though originally associated to individual genes located in supernumerary chromosome 21, OS and MD metabolic compromises appear to be linked to whole genome functionally defined transcriptional fingerprints that further exacerbate the contribution of critical genes in DS-AD pathology. As the main ROS generator, mitochondrial complex double-membrane organization, tightly regulated fission/fusion dynamics, and involvement in critical pathways, makes it particularly vulnerable to functional alterations. Consequently, mitochondrial network morphology depends on its metabolic state and has been used as an indicator of cellular homeostasis. Initial qualitative categorization, suitable for sparse arranged fragments analysis, were proven to be ineffective to measure network connectivity and replaced by innovative tools that involve the transformation of raw images to linear skeletons. These manipulations allowed the development of a new generation of structural parameters, such as mean degree value (MDV). Alterations in DS mitochondrial networks include increased frequency of aberrant morphologies, shorter mitochondrial fragments, and significantly lower mitochondrial network connectivity. Similar structural and functional mitochondrial defects are common to other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson disease and Prion disease, and to a progeroid syndrome like HGPS. Therapeutic interventions aimed to either increase mitochondrial biogenesis or diminish OS using mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants, successfully restored mitochondrial activity and structural organization, confirming the strong correlation between network form and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zamponi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P R Helguera
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
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12
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Crasto S, Di Pasquale E. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Study Mechanisms of Laminopathies: Focus on Epigenetics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:172. [PMID: 30619852 PMCID: PMC6306496 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminopathies are a group of rare degenerative disorders that manifest with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes, including both systemic multi-organ disorders, such as the Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), and tissue-restricted diseases, such as Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy and lipodystrophies, often overlapping. Despite their clinical heterogeneity, which remains an open question, laminopathies are commonly caused by mutations in the LMNA gene, encoding the nuclear proteins Lamin A and C. These two proteins are main components of the nuclear lamina and are involved in several biological processes. Besides the well-known structural function in the nucleus, their role in regulating chromatin organization and transcription has emerged in the last decade, supporting the hypothesis that the disruption of this layer of regulation may be mechanism underlying the disease. Indeed, recent studies that show various epigenetic defects in cells carrying LMNA mutations, such as loss of heterochromatin, changes in gene expression and chromatin remodeling, strongly support this view. However, those findings are restricted to few cell types in humans, mainly because of the limited accessibility of primary cells and the difficulties to culture them ex-vivo. On the other hand, animal models might fail to recapitulate phenotypic hallmarks of the disease as of humans. To fill this gap, models based on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) technology have been recently generated that allowed investigations on diverse cells types, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), vascular and smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes, and provided a platform for investigating mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of laminopathies in a cell-type specific human context. Nevertheless, studies on iPSC-based models of laminopathy have expanded only in the last few years and, with the advancement of reprogramming and differentiation protocols, their number is expecting to further increase over time. This review will give an overview of models developed thus far, with a focus on the novel insights on epigenetic mechanisms underlying the disease in different human cellular contexts. Perspectives and future directions of the field will be also given, highlighting the potential of those models for preclinical studies for identifying molecular targets and their translational impact on patients' cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Crasto
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, UOS of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Di Pasquale
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, UOS of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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13
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia in a 23 year old man with progeroid syndrome. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.afju.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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von Kobbe C. Cellular senescence: a view throughout organismal life. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3553-3567. [PMID: 30030594 PMCID: PMC11105332 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is the final fate of most cells in response to specific stimuli, but is not the end. Indeed, it is the beginning of a singular life, with multiple side roads leading to diverse effects on the organism. Many studies have been done in the last few years to elucidate the intriguing role of senescent cells in the organism, demonstrating them as the cause of several age-related diseases. However, these cells are also positively implicated in other important pathways, such as embryogenesis and wound healing. It appears that the multiple effects are time-dependent: long-term senescence is mostly implicated in chronic inflammation and disease, whereas in the short term, senescent cells seem to be beneficial, being rapidly targeted by the innate immune system. The influence of senescent cells on their neighbors by paracrine factors, differential activity depending on developmental stage, and duration of the effects make the cellular senescent program a unique spatial-temporal mechanism. During pathological conditions such as progeroid syndromes, this mechanism is deregulated, leading to accelerated onset of some aging-related diseases and a shorter lifespan, among other physiological defects. Here, we review the three primary cell senescence programs described so far (replicative, stress-induced, and developmentally programmed senescence), their onset during development, and their potential roles in diseases with premature aging. Finally, we discuss the role of immune cells in keeping senescence burden below the threshold of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayetano von Kobbe
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Meinke P, Hintze S, Limmer S, Schoser B. Myotonic Dystrophy-A Progeroid Disease? Front Neurol 2018; 9:601. [PMID: 30140252 PMCID: PMC6095001 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophies (DM) are slowly progressing multisystemic disorders caused by repeat expansions in the DMPK or CNBP genes. The multisystemic involvement in DM patients often reflects the appearance of accelerated aging. This is partly due to visible features such as cataracts, muscle weakness, and frontal baldness, but there are also less obvious features like cardiac arrhythmia, diabetes or hypogammaglobulinemia. These aging features suggest the hypothesis that DM could be a segmental progeroid disease. To identify the molecular cause of this characteristic appearance of accelerated aging we compare clinical features of DM to “typical” segmental progeroid disorders caused by mutations in DNA repair or nuclear envelope proteins. Furthermore, we characterize if this premature aging effect is also reflected on the cellular level in DM and investigate overlaps with “classical” progeroid disorders. To investigate the molecular similarities at the cellular level we use primary DM and control cell lines. This analysis reveals many similarities to progeroid syndromes linked to the nuclear envelope. Our comparison on both clinical and molecular levels argues for qualification of DM as a segmental progeroid disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Meinke
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Hintze
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Limmer
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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16
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Cobb AM, Larrieu D, Warren DT, Liu Y, Srivastava S, Smith AJO, Bowater RP, Jackson SP, Shanahan CM. Prelamin A impairs 53BP1 nuclear entry by mislocalizing NUP153 and disrupting the Ran gradient. Aging Cell 2016; 15:1039-1050. [PMID: 27464478 PMCID: PMC5114580 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina is essential for the proper structure and organization of the nucleus. Deregulation of A-type lamins can compromise genomic stability, alter chromatin organization and cause premature vascular aging. Here, we show that accumulation of the lamin A precursor, prelamin A, inhibits 53BP1 recruitment to sites of DNA damage and increases basal levels of DNA damage in aged vascular smooth muscle cells. We identify that this genome instability arises through defective nuclear import of 53BP1 as a consequence of abnormal topological arrangement of nucleoporin NUP153. We show for the first time that this nucleoporin is important for the nuclear localization of Ran and that the deregulated Ran gradient is likely to be compromising the nuclear import of 53BP1. Importantly, many of the defects associated with prelamin A expression were significantly reduced upon treatment with Remodelin, a small molecule recently reported to reverse deficiencies associated with abnormal nuclear lamina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Cobb
- The James Black CentreKing's College London125 Coldharbour LaneLondonSE5 9NUUK
| | - Delphine Larrieu
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon InstituteThe Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental BiologyUniversity of CambridgeTennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1QNUK
| | - Derek T. Warren
- The James Black CentreKing's College London125 Coldharbour LaneLondonSE5 9NUUK
| | - Yiwen Liu
- The James Black CentreKing's College London125 Coldharbour LaneLondonSE5 9NUUK
| | - Sonal Srivastava
- The James Black CentreKing's College London125 Coldharbour LaneLondonSE5 9NUUK
| | | | | | - Stephen P. Jackson
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon InstituteThe Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental BiologyUniversity of CambridgeTennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1QNUK
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17
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Barrier-to-Autointegration Factor 1 (BAF/BANF1) Promotes Association of the SETD1A Histone Methyltransferase with Herpes Simplex Virus Immediate-Early Gene Promoters. mBio 2015; 6:e00345-15. [PMID: 26015494 PMCID: PMC4447252 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00345-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that A-type lamins and intranuclear localization of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) genome are critical for the formation of the VP16 activator complex on HSV immediate-early (IE) gene promoters in murine cells, which implies a critical role for lamin A and its associated proteins in HSV gene expression. Because barrier-to-autointegration factor 1 (BAF/BANF1) has been thought to bridge chromosomes to the nuclear lamina, we hypothesized that BAF might mediate viral genome targeting to the nuclear lamina. We found that overexpression of BAF enhances HSV-1 replication and knockdown of BAF decreases HSV gene expression, delays the kinetics of viral early replication compartment formation, and reduces viral yield compared to those in control small interfering RNA-transfected cells. However, BAF depletion did not affect genome complex targeting to the nuclear periphery. Instead, we found that the levels of a histone-modifying enzyme, SETD1A methyltransferase, and histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation were reduced on IE and early (E) gene promoters in BAF-depleted cells during HSV lytic infection. Our results demonstrate a novel function of BAF as an epigenetic regulator of HSV lytic infection. We hypothesize that BAF facilitates IE and E gene expression by recruiting the SETD1A methyltransferase to viral IE and E gene promoters. The nuclear lamina is composed of lamin proteins and numerous lamina-associated proteins. Previously, the chromatin structure of DNA localized proximally to the lamina was thought to be characterized by heterochromatin marks associated with silenced genes. However, recent studies indicate that both heterochromatin- and euchromatin-rich areas coexist on the lamina. This paradigm suggests that lamins and lamina-associated proteins dynamically regulate epigenetic modifications of specific genes in different locations. Our goal is to understand how the lamina and its associated proteins regulate the epigenetics of genes through the study of HSV infection of human cells. We have shown previously that A-type lamins are critical for HSV genome targeting to the nuclear lamina and epigenetic regulation in viral replication. In this study, we found that another lamina-associated protein, BAF, regulates HSV gene expression through an epigenetic mechanism, which provides basic insights into the nuclear lamina and its associated proteins’ roles in epigenetic regulation.
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18
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Alves DB, Silva JM, Menezes TO, Cavaleiro RS, Tuji FM, Lopes MA, Zaia AA, Coletta RD. Clinical and radiographic features of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2014; 2:67-71. [PMID: 24653988 PMCID: PMC3955803 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i3.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare dysmorphic syndrome characterized by several features of premature aging with clinical involvement of the skin, bones, and cardiovascular system. HGPS has an estimated incidence of one in four million to one in eight million births. The main clinical features of HGPS include short stature, craniofacial dimorphism, alopecia, bone fragility, and cardiovascular disorders. The most frequent cause of death is myocardial infarction at a mean age of 13 years old. Dental manifestations include delayed development and eruption of teeth, discoloration, crowding and rotation of teeth, and displaced teeth. Cone beam computed tomography images revealed the absence of the sphenoid, frontal, and maxillary sinus, flattening of the condyles and glenoid fossa, and bilateral hypoplasia of the mandibular condyles. The disease is caused by mutations in lamin A/C (LMNA). Here, we present a case report of an 11-year-old boy with classical features of HGPS, which was caused by a de novo germ-line mutation (C1824T, G608G) in exon 11 of the LMNA gene. Some uncommon HGPS-associated features in our patient, such as alterations in the facial sinuses and hypoplasia of the condyles, contributed to the expansion of the phenotypic spectrum of this syndrome from a dentomaxillofacial perspective.
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19
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Bifulco M, D'Alessandro A, Paladino S, Malfitano AM, Notarnicola M, Caruso MG, Laezza C. N6-isopentenyladenosine improves nuclear shape in fibroblasts from humans with progeroid syndromes by inhibiting the farnesylation of prelamin A. FEBS J 2013; 280:6223-32. [PMID: 24112551 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is caused by mutations in the lamin A/C gene that lead to expression of a truncated, permanently farnesylated prelamin A variant called progerin. The accumulation of progerin at the nuclear envelope causes mis-shapen nuclei and results in progeroid syndromes. Previous studies in cells from individuals with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome have shown that blocking of farnesylation of prelamin A ameliorates the nuclear shape abnormalities. Here we observed that an inhibitor of farnesyl diphosphate synthase, N6-isopentenyladenosine, impeded the farnesylation of prelamin A, causing a decrease in the frequency of nuclear shape abnormalities and redistribution of prelamin A away from the inner nuclear envelope. A combination of lovastatin and N6-isopentenyladenosine significantly improved nuclear shape in fibroblast cell lines from atypical progeria patients. These findings establish a paradigm for ameliorating the most obvious cellular pathology in lamin-related progeroid syndromes, and suggest a potential strategy for treating children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bifulco
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università of Salerno Facoltà di Medicina, Baronissi, Italy; Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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20
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Starke S, Meinke P, Camozzi D, Mattioli E, Pfaeffle R, Siekmeyer M, Hirsch W, Horn LC, Paasch U, Mitter D, Lattanzi G, Wehnert M, Kiess W. Progeroid laminopathy with restrictive dermopathy-like features caused by an isodisomic LMNA mutation p.R435C. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:445-59. [PMID: 23804595 PMCID: PMC3824411 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The clinical course of a female patient affected by a progeroid syndrome with Restrictive Dermopathy (RD)-like features was followed up. Besides missing hairiness, stagnating weight and growth, RD-like features including progressive skin swelling and solidification, acrocontractures, osteolysis and muscular hypotension were observed until the patient died at the age of 11 months. A homozygous LMNA mutation c.1303C>T (p.R435C) was found by Sanger sequencing. Haplotyping revealed a partial uniparental disomy of chromosome 1 (1q21.3 to 1q23.1) including the LMNA gene. In contrast to reported RD patients with LMNA mutations, LMNA p.R435C is not located at the cleavage site necessary for processing of prelamin A by ZMPSTE24 and leads to a distinct phenotype combining clinical features of Restrictive Dermopathy, Mandibuloacral Dysplasia and Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria. Functionally, LMNA p.R435C is associated with increasing DNA double strand breaks and decreased recruitment of P53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) to DNA-damage sites indicating delayed DNA repair. The follow-up of the complete clinical course in the patient combined with functional studies showed for the first time that a progressive loss of lamin A rather than abnormal accumulation of prelamin A species could be a pathophysiological mechanism in progeroid laminopathies, which leads to DNA repair deficiency accompanied by advancing tissue degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Starke
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre of Pediatric Research, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. ‐leipzig.de
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21
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Reunert J, Wentzell R, Walter M, Jakubiczka S, Zenker M, Brune T, Rust S, Marquardt T. Neonatal progeria: increased ratio of progerin to lamin A leads to progeria of the newborn. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:933-7. [PMID: 22419169 PMCID: PMC3421121 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an important model disease for premature ageing. Affected children appear healthy at birth, but develop the first symptoms during their first year of life. They die at an average age of 13 years, mostly because of myocardial infarction or stroke. Classical progeria is caused by the heterozygous point mutation c.1824C>T in the LMNA gene, which activates a cryptic splice site. The affected protein cannot be processed correctly to mature lamin A, but is modified into a farnesylated protein truncated by 50 amino acids (progerin). Three more variations in LMNA result in the same mutant protein, but different grades of disease severity. We describe a patient with the heterozygous LMNA mutation c.1821G>A, leading to neonatal progeria with death in the first year of life. Intracellular lamin A was downregulated in the patient's fibroblasts and the ratio of progerin to lamin A was increased when compared with HGPS. It is suggestive that the ratio of farnesylated protein to mature lamin A determines the disease severity in progeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Reunert
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin - Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Münster, Germany
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22
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C1824T mutation in the LMNA gene has no association with senile cataract. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:1487.e15-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Symens N, Soenen SJ, Rejman J, Braeckmans K, De Smedt SC, Remaut K. Intracellular partitioning of cell organelles and extraneous nanoparticles during mitosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:78-94. [PMID: 22210278 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nucleocytoplasmic partitioning of nanoparticles as a result of cell division is highly relevant to the field of nonviral gene delivery. We reviewed the literature on the intracellular distribution of cell organelles (the endosomal vesicles, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus), foreign macromolecules (dextrans and plasmid DNA) and inorganic nanoparticles (gold, quantum dot and iron oxide) during mitosis. For nonviral gene delivery particles (lipid- or polymer-based), indirect proof of nuclear entry during mitosis is provided. We also describe how retroviruses and latent DNA viruses take advantage of mitosis to transfer their viral genome and segregate their episomes into the host daughter nuclei. Based on this knowledge, we propose strategies to improve nonviral gene delivery in dividing cells with the ultimate goal of designing nonviral gene delivery systems that are as efficient as their viral counterparts but non-immunogenic, non-oncogenic and easy and inexpensive to prepare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Symens
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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24
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Gonzalez-Quereda L, Delgadillo V, Juan-Mateu J, Verdura E, Rodriguez M, Baiget M, Pineda M, Gallano P. LMNA mutation in progeroid syndrome in association with strokes. Eur J Med Genet 2011; 54:e576-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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25
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Mansilla E, Díaz Aquino V, Zambón D, Marin GH, Mártire K, Roque G, Ichim T, Riordan NH, Patel A, Sturla F, Larsen G, Spretz R, Núñez L, Soratti C, Ibar R, van Leeuwen M, Tau JM, Drago H, Maceira A. Could metabolic syndrome, lipodystrophy, and aging be mesenchymal stem cell exhaustion syndromes? Stem Cells Int 2011; 2011:943216. [PMID: 21716667 PMCID: PMC3118295 DOI: 10.4061/2011/943216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most
important and complex diseases of modern society
is metabolic syndrome. This syndrome has not
been completely understood, and therefore an
effective treatment is not available yet. We
propose a possible stem cell mechanism involved
in the development of metabolic syndrome. This
way of thinking lets us consider also other
significant pathologies that could have similar
etiopathogenic pathways, like lipodystrophic
syndromes, progeria, and aging. All these
clinical situations could be the consequence of
a progressive and persistent stem cell
exhaustion syndrome (SCES). The main outcome of
this SCES would be an irreversible loss of the
effective regenerative mesenchymal stem cells
(MSCs) pools. In this way, the normal repairing
capacities of the organism could become
inefficient. Our point of view could open the
possibility for a new strategy of treatment in
metabolic syndrome, lipodystrophic syndromes,
progeria, and even aging: stem cell
therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mansilla
- Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapies Laboratory, CUCAIBA, Ministry of Health, Province of Buenos Aires, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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