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Reuber VM, Westbury MV, Rey-Iglesia A, Asefa A, Farwig N, Miehe G, Opgenoorth L, Šumbera R, Wraase L, Wube T, Lorenzen ED, Schabo DG. Topographic barriers drive the pronounced genetic subdivision of a range-limited fossorial rodent. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17271. [PMID: 38279205 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Due to their limited dispersal ability, fossorial species with predominantly belowground activity usually show increased levels of population subdivision across relatively small spatial scales. This may be exacerbated in harsh mountain ecosystems, where landscape geomorphology limits species' dispersal ability and leads to small effective population sizes, making species relatively vulnerable to environmental change. To better understand the environmental drivers of species' population subdivision in remote mountain ecosystems, particularly in understudied high-elevation systems in Africa, we studied the giant root-rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus), a fossorial rodent confined to the afro-alpine ecosystem of the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia. Using mitochondrial and low-coverage nuclear genomes, we investigated 77 giant root-rat individuals sampled from nine localities across its entire ~1000 km2 range. Our data revealed a distinct division into a northern and southern group, with no signs of gene flow, and higher nuclear genetic diversity in the south. Landscape genetic analyses of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes indicated that population subdivision was driven by slope and elevation differences of up to 500 m across escarpments separating the north and south, potentially reinforced by glaciation of the south during the Late Pleistocene (~42,000-16,000 years ago). Despite this landscape-scale subdivision between the north and south, weak geographic structuring of sampling localities within regions indicated gene flow across distances of at least 16 km at the local scale, suggesting high, aboveground mobility for relatively long distances. Our study highlights that despite the potential for local-scale gene flow in fossorial species, topographic barriers can result in pronounced genetic subdivision. These factors can reduce genetic variability, which should be considered when developing conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Reuber
- Department of Biology, Conservation Ecology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Addisu Asefa
- Department of Biology, Conservation Ecology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nina Farwig
- Department of Biology, Conservation Ecology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Georg Miehe
- Department of Geography, Vegetation Geography, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lars Opgenoorth
- Department of Biology, Plant Ecology & Geobotany, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Radim Šumbera
- Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Luise Wraase
- Department of Geography, Environmental Informatics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilaye Wube
- Department of Zoological Sciences, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Dana G Schabo
- Department of Biology, Conservation Ecology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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2
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Dambri BM, Godunko RJ, Benhadji N. Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) of Aurès Mountains (Algeria): A New Species of the Baetis alpinus Species Group, with Notes on Baetis Laech, 1815 Biogeography within Maghreb. INSECTS 2023; 14:899. [PMID: 37999098 PMCID: PMC10672397 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
A new species, Baetis (Baetis) dihyaesp. nov., belonging to the Baetis alpinus species group, is described and illustrated based on larval material collected in the Aurès Mountains (northeastern Algeria) in 2020-2021. This new species is closely related to three European species, e.g., Baetis (B.) alpinus (Pictet, 1843); B. (B.) nubecularis Eaton, 1898; and B. (B.) pasquetorum Righetti & Thomas, 2002 by the combination of the following characteristics: (i) more than one short, stout bristle at the tip of segment II of the maxillary palp and (ii) a well-developed paracercus. However, the new species clearly differs from all congeners of the Baetis alpinus species group primarily by the (a) structure of mouthparts-with 14-18 long submarginal setae arranged in a single irregular row on the dorsal surface of the labrum; 2-6 short, stout bristles at the tip of segment II of the maxillary palp; and segment II of the labial palp without a considerably developed apico-internal lobe); (b) setation of abdominal terga, with a few triangular-shaped scales sparsely scattered near the posterior margin only; and (c) a well-developed paracercus, comprised of more than 50 segments. Primary data on the biology and distribution of this new species are provided, and molecular affinities are verified by the analysis of COI (barcode) sequences. Detailed notes on the distribution of mayfly species belonging to the Baetis alpinus species group common in Western Europe and the western part of North Africa are presented. The historical movement of Baetis representatives between Europe, North West Africa, and subsequently Algeria, with the land bridges 'Strait of Gibraltar' and 'Strait of Sicily' as colonization routes, is discussed in detail and identified in the present study as the Western Algeria colonization path and Eastern Algeria colonization path, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besma M. Dambri
- Department of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, Fesdis 05078, Batna, Algeria;
| | - Roman J. Godunko
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90237 Lodz, Poland
- State Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Teatralna 18, 79008 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nadhira Benhadji
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences–National Research Institute, Falenty, Hrabska Avenue 3, 05090 Raszyn, Poland
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3
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Hope AG, Headlee KM, Olson ZH, Wiens BJ. Systematics, biogeography and phylogenomics of northern bog lemmings (Cricetidae), cold-temperate rodents of conservation concern under global change. SYST BIODIVERS 2023; 21:2237050. [PMID: 38523662 PMCID: PMC10959253 DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2023.2237050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Northern bog lemmings, Mictomys (Synaptomys) borealis, are currently being assessed for protections under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. A major impediment to comprehensive evaluation is a deficiency of data towards understanding the biology of these rodents. Inherent rarity and scarce specimen sampling, despite a continent-wide distribution, has precluded our ability to implement modern methods for resolving taxonomy, evolutionary history, and investigating multiple other species traits. Here we use a maternally inherited locus (mitochondrial cytochrome b) and between 5,939 and 11,513 nuclear loci from reduced representation sequencing (ddRADseq) to investigate the evolutionary history of northern bog lemmings. We 1) qualify evidence based on morphological and early molecular studies for the genus assignment of Mictomys, 2) test the validity of multiple sub-species designations, 3) provide spatial and temporal historical biogeographic perspectives, and 4) discuss how incomplete sampling might influence conservation efforts. Both mitochondrial and nuclear datasets exhibit deep divergence and paraphyly between two recognized species, the northern (Mictomys borealis) and southern (Synaptomys cooperi) bog lemmings. Based on mtDNA, the geographically isolated subspecies (M. b. sphagnicola) was found to be divergent from all other specimens. The remainder of the species exhibited shallow intra-specific differentiation in mtDNA, however nuclear data supports genetic distinction consistent with four geographic subspecies. Recent coalescence of all northern bog lemmings (except for M. b. sphagnicola) reflects divergence in multiple refugia through the last glacial cycle, including a well-known coastal center of endemism and multiple regions south of continental ice-sheets. Regional lineages across North America suggest strong latitudinal displacement with global climate change, coupled with isolation-reconnection dynamics. This taxon suffers from a lack of modern samples through most of its distribution, severely limiting interpretation of ongoing evolutionary processes, particularly in southern portions of the species' range. Limited voucher specimen sampling of vulnerable populations could aid in rigorous conservation decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Hope
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M Headlee
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Zachary H Olson
- School of Social and Behavioral Science, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine 04005, USA
| | - Ben J Wiens
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Shi CM, Zhang XS, Liu L, Ji YJ, Zhang DX. Phylogeography of the desert scorpion illuminates a route out of Central Asia. Curr Zool 2023; 69:442-455. [PMID: 37614924 PMCID: PMC10443618 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of phylogeography requires the integration of knowledge across different organisms, ecosystems, and geographic regions. However, a critical knowledge gap exists in the arid biota of the vast Asian drylands. To narrow this gap, here we test an "out-of-Central Asia" hypothesis for the desert scorpion Mesobuthus mongolicus by combining Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction and ecological niche modeling. Phylogenetic analyses of one mitochondrial and three nuclear loci and molecular dating revealed that M. mongolicus represents a coherent lineage that diverged from its most closely related lineage in Central Asia about 1.36 Ma and underwent radiation ever since. Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction indicated that the ancestral population dispersed from Central Asia gradually eastward to the Gobi region via the Junggar Basin, suggesting that the Junggar Basin has severed as a corridor for Quaternary faunal exchange between Central Asia and East Asia. Two major dispersal events occurred probably during interglacial periods (around 0.8 and 0.4 Ma, respectively) when climatic conditions were analogous to present-day status, under which the scorpion achieved its maximum distributional range. M. mongolicus underwent demographic expansion during the Last Glacial Maximum, although the predicted distributional areas were smaller than those at present and during the Last Interglacial. Development of desert ecosystems in northwest China incurred by intensified aridification might have opened up empty habitats that sustained population expansion. Our results extend the spatiotemporal dimensions of trans-Eurasia faunal exchange and suggest that species' adaptation is an important determinant of their phylogeographic and demographic responses to climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xue-Shu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ya-Jie Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - De-Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Huang JF, Li SQ, Xu R, Peng YQ. East‒West genetic differentiation across the Indo-Burma hotspot: evidence from two closely related dioecious figs. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:321. [PMID: 37322436 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding biodiversity patterns and their underlying mechanisms is of interest to ecologists, biogeographers and conservationists and is critically important for conservation efforts. The Indo-Burma hotspot features high species diversity and endemism, yet it also faces significant threats and biodiversity losses; however, few studies have explored the genetic structure and underlying mechanisms of Indo-Burmese species. Here, we conducted a comparative phylogeographic analysis of two closely related dioecious Ficus species, F. hispida and F. heterostyla, based on wide and intensive population sampling across Indo-Burma ranges, using chloroplast (psbA-trnH, trnS-trnG) and nuclear microsatellite (nSSR) markers, as well as ecological niche modeling. RESULTS The results indicated large numbers of population-specific cpDNA haplotypes and nSSR alleles in the two species. F. hispida showed slightly higher chloroplast diversity but lower nuclear diversity than F. heterostyla. Low-altitude mountainous areas of northern Indo-Burma were revealed to have high genetic diversity and high habitat suitability, suggesting potential climate refugia and conservation priority areas. Strong phylogeographic structure and a marked east‒west differentiation pattern were observed in both species, due to the interactions between biotic and abiotic factors. Interspecific dissimilarities at fine-scale genetic structure and asynchronized historical dynamics of east‒west differentiation between species were also detected, which were attributed to different species-specific traits. CONCLUSIONS We confirm hypothesized predictions that interactions between biotic and abiotic factors largely determine the patterns of genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure of Indo-Burmese plants. The east‒west genetic differentiation pattern observed in two targeted figs can be generalized to some other Indo-Burmese plants. The results and findings of this work will contribute to the conservation of Indo-Burmese biodiversity and facilitate targeted conservation efforts for different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecoloy, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China.
| | - Shu-Qiong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecoloy, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity/College of Biodiversity and Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Qiong Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecoloy, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China.
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Kafimola S, Azimi M, Saberi-Pirooz R, Ilgaz Ç, Kashani GM, Kapli P, Ahmadzadeh F. Diversification in the mountains: Evolutionary history and molecular phylogeny of Anatolian rock lizards. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 180:107675. [PMID: 36528333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mountains play a key role in forming biodiversity by acting both as barriers to gene flow among populations and as corridors for the migration of populations adapted to the conditions prevailing at high elevations. The Anatolian and the Zagros Mountains are located in the Alpine-Himalayan belt. The formation of these mountains has influenced the distribution and isolation of the animal population since the late Cenozoic. Apathya is a genus of lacertid lizards distributed along these mountains with two species, i.e., Apathya cappadocica and Apathya yassujica. The taxonomy status of lineages within the genus is complicated. In this study, we tried to collect extensive samples from throughout the distribution range, especially within the Zagros Mountains. Also, we used five genetic markers, two mitochondrial (COI and Cyt b) and three nuclear (C-mos, NKTR, and MCIR), to resolve the phylogenetic relationships within the genus and explain several possible scenarios that shaped multiple genetic structures. The combination of results in the current study indicated eight well-support monophyletic lineages that separated to two main groups; group 1 including A. c. cappadocica, A. c. muhtari and A. c. wolteri, group 2 contains four regional clades Turkey, Urmia, Baneh and Ilam, and finally a single clade belonging to the species A. yassujica. In contrast to previous studies, Apathya cappadocica urmiana was divided into four clades and three clades were recognized within Iranian boundaries. The clades have dispersed from Anatolia to adjacent regions in the south of Anatolia and the western Zagros Mountains. According to the evidence generated in this study this clade is paraphyletic. Based on our assumption, orogeny activities and also climate fluctuations in Middle Miocene and Pleistocene have influenced to formation of lineages. In this study we revisit the taxonomy of the genus and demonstrate that the species diversity was substantially underestimated. Our findings suggest that each of the eight clades corresponding to subspecies and distinct geographic regions deserve to be promoted to species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kafimola
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Azimi
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Saberi-Pirooz
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
| | - Çetin Ilgaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca- İzmir, Turkey; Research and Application Center for Fauna Flora, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca-İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Paschalia Kapli
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Faraham Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran.
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7
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Nokkala S, Kuznetsova VG, Pietarinen P, Nokkala C. Evolutionary Potential of Parthenogenesis-Bisexual Lineages within Triploid Apomictic Thelytoky in Cacopsylla ledi (Flor, 1861) (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) in Fennoscandia. INSECTS 2022; 13:1140. [PMID: 36555050 PMCID: PMC9781518 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A widely accepted hypothesis is that parthenogenesis is an evolutionary dead end since it is selectively advantageous in the short term only but results in lowered diversification rates. Triploid apomictic parthenogenesis might represent an exception, as in favorable environments, triploid females are able to produce rare males and diploid females. The aim of the present study was to analyze the modes of reproduction and their evolutionary implications in the parthenogenetic psyllid Cacopsylla ledi (Flor, 1861) from Fennoscandia. The cytogenetic assessment of ploidy levels and the analysis of the COI haplotype revealed two geographically separated bisexual lineages implying genuine bisexual populations. The southern lineage occurring south of latitude 65° N in Finland showed a COI haplotype different from that of parthenogenetic triploids in the same population but identical to the haplotype of specimens in a genuine bisexual population in the Czech Republic. This allows us to suggest that bisexuals in southern Fennoscandia represent the original bisexual C. ledi. By contrast, in the northern bisexual lineage north of latitude 65° N, rare males and diploid females carried the same haplotype as triploids in the same population, having been produced by the triploids. In the Kola Peninsula, a genuine bisexual population of presumably rare male/diploid female origin was discovered. As this population is geographically isolated from populations of the ancestral bisexual C. ledi, it can develop into a new bisexual species through peripatric speciation during evolution. Our findings demonstrate that apomictic triploid parthenogenesis is not necessarily an evolutionary dead end but is able to lead to the emergence of a new bisexual species of parthenogenetic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppo Nokkala
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Valentina G. Kuznetsova
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Peppi Pietarinen
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Christina Nokkala
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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8
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Chiocchio A, Zampiglia M, Biaggini M, Biello R, Di Tizio L, Leonetti FL, Olivieri O, Sperone E, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Corti C, Canestrelli D. Unveiling a hotspot of genetic diversity in southern Italy for the endangered Hermann’s tortoise Testudo hermanni. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:131. [DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hotspots of intraspecific genetic diversity represent invaluable resources for species to cope with environmental changes, and their identification is increasingly recognized as a major goal of conservation ecology research. However, even for iconic and endangered species, conservation strategies are often planned without thorough information on the geographic patterns of genetic variation. Here, we investigated the spatial patterns of genetic variation of the endangered Hermann’s tortoise Testudo hermanni in the Italian Peninsula by genotyping 174 individuals at 7 microsatellite loci, with the aim to contribute to planning effective conservation strategies.
Results
Ordination-based and Bayesian clustering analyses consistently identified three main genetic clusters, one spread in the central and northern part of the peninsula, and two restricted to southern Italy and Sicily, respectively. The highest levels of genetic diversity were found in populations of the southern cluster and, in particular, at the northern edges of its distribution (He > 0.6, Ar > 2.8 ), that correspond to areas of putative secondary contact and admixture between distinct lineages. Our results clearly identify a hotspot of genetic diversity for the Hermann’s tortoise in southern Italy.
Conclusion
We inferred the evolutionary history and the spatial patterns of genetic variation of the Hermann’s tortoise in the Italian Peninsula. We identified three main genetic clusters along the peninsula and a hotspot of intraspecific diversity in southern Italy. Our results underline the urgent need for conservation actions to warrant the long-term persistence of viable tortoise populations in this area. Furthrmore, these data add further evidence to the role of southern Italy as a biodiversity hotspot for temperate fauna, claiming for higher consideration of this area in large scale conservation programs.
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Novaković BB, Raković MB, Čiampor Jr F, Teofilova TM, Živić IM. Genetic variability of the riffle beetle Elmis maugetii Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Elmidae) in Europe and North Africa. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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Payet SD, Pratchett MS, Saenz‐Agudelo P, Berumen ML, DiBattista JD, Harrison HB. Demographic histories shape population genomics of the common coral grouper ( Plectropomus leopardus). Evol Appl 2022; 15:1221-1235. [PMID: 36051464 PMCID: PMC9423088 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many coral reef fishes display remarkable genetic and phenotypic variation across their geographic ranges. Understanding how historical and contemporary processes have shaped these patterns remains a focal question in evolutionary biology since they reveal how diversity is generated and how it may respond to future environmental change. Here, we compare the population genomics and demographic histories of a commercially and ecologically important coral reef fish, the common coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus [Lacépède 1802]), across two adjoining regions (the Great Barrier Reef; GBR, and the Coral Sea, Australia) spanning approximately 14 degrees of latitude and 9 degrees of longitude. We analysed 4548 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers across 11 sites and show that genetic connectivity between regions is low, despite their relative proximity (~100 km) and an absence of any obvious geographic barrier. Inferred demographic histories using 10,479 markers suggest that the Coral Sea population was founded by a small number of GBR individuals and that divergence occurred ~190 kya under a model of isolation with asymmetric migration. We detected population expansions in both regions, but estimates of contemporary effective population sizes were approximately 50% smaller in Coral Sea sites, which also had lower genetic diversity. Our results suggest that P. leopardus in the Coral Sea have experienced a long period of isolation that precedes the recent glacial period (~10-120 kya) and may be vulnerable to localized disturbances due to their relative reliance on local larval replenishment. While it is difficult to determine the underlying events that led to the divergence of the Coral Sea and GBR lineages, we show that even geographically proximate populations of a widely dispersed coral reef fish can have vastly different evolutionary histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Payet
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Morgan S. Pratchett
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Pablo Saenz‐Agudelo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Michael L. Berumen
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Red Sea Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Joseph D. DiBattista
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian MuseumSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Hugo B. Harrison
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
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11
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Cortazar-Chinarro M, Meurling S, Schroyens L, Siljestam M, Richter-Boix A, Laurila A, Höglund J. Major Histocompatibility Complex Variation and Haplotype Associated Survival in Response to Experimental Infection of Two Bd-GPL Strains Along a Latitudinal Gradient. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.915271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While both innate and adaptive immune system mechanisms have been implicated in resistance against the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), studies on the role of specific MHC haplotypes on Bd infection are rare. Here, we studied variation in MHC Class IIB loci in the common toad Bufo bufo along a latitudinal gradient across Sweden. In general, Swedish toad populations had few MHC Class IIB haplotypes and MHC diversity declined from south (13 haplotypes) to the north (four haplotypes). The low diversity may compromise the ability of northern populations to fight emerging disease, such as Bd. In a laboratory experiment, we infected newly metamorphosed toads with two strains of the Global Pandemic Lineage of the fungus (Bd-GPL) and compared survival with sham controls. Bd-infected toads had lower survival compared to controls. Moreover, survival was dependent on the Bd-strain and northern toads had lower Bd-mediated survival than southern individuals. MHC diversity was lower in northern toads. All northern experimental animals were monomorphic for a single MHC haplotype, whereas we found seven different haplotypes in southern experimental animals. In southern toads, survival was dependent on both Bd-strain and MHC haplotype suggesting differential infection dynamics depending on both Bd-strain and host immune system characteristics.
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12
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Range-wide phylogeography of the flightless steppe beetle Lethrus apterus (Geotrupidae) reveals recent arrival to the Pontic Steppes from the west. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5069. [PMID: 35332221 PMCID: PMC8948295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eurasian Steppe belt is one of the largest biomes in the Northern Hemisphere. We provide here a range-wide phylogeography of the flightless steppe beetle Lethrus apterus that inhabits the western part of the Steppe belt through the study of population-level variance of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences and nuclear microsatellites. We detected a concordant geographic structure of genetic data with a significant isolation-by-distance pattern. We found more genetic variation in the western part of the area and identified Northern Bulgaria and the Pannonian Basin as possible refugia. Genetic clusters were separated by main rivers in the eastern part of the area. This implies west-to-east colonisation and argues for an evolutionarily recent arrival of this species to its current main distribution area, the Pontic Steppes. This contradicts the classical biogeographical wisdom that assumed an east-to-west colonisation pattern.
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13
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Multiple Recent Colonizations of the Australian Region by the Chydorus sphaericus Group (Crustacea: Cladocera). WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biotic introductions are an ongoing disruption for many ecosystems. For passively dispersed freshwater zooplankton, transcontinental introductions have been common but are poorly studied in the southern hemisphere. Here we assess the hypothesis of recent introduction for populations of the Chydorus sphaericus group (Crustacea: Cladocera) in Australia. We analyzed 254 sequences (63 original sequences) from the cytochrome oxidase I region of mitochondrial DNA of Chydorus sp., which included global representation. Three Australian populations were connected with separate clades in the northern hemisphere, suggesting multiple colonization events for Australia. The timescale of the divergences was consistent with recent (Quaternary) dispersal. As Australian populations are exposed to migrating birds from the northern hemisphere, both avian and anthropogenic sources are candidates for dispersal vectors. We concluded that recent cross-hemisphere dispersal in the Chydorus sphaericus group is more common than previously believed.
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Arranz V, Fewster RM, Lavery SD. Genogeographic clustering to identify cross‐species concordance of spatial genetic patterns. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Arranz
- School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Institute of Marine Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Rachel M. Fewster
- Department of Statistics University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Shane D. Lavery
- School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Institute of Marine Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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15
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Ogada S, Otecko NO, Moraa Kennedy G, Musina J, Agwanda B, Obanda V, Lichoti J, Peng M, Ommeh S. Demographic history and genetic diversity of wild African harlequin quail ( Coturnix delegorguei delegorguei) populations of Kenya. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:18562-18574. [PMID: 35003693 PMCID: PMC8717324 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hunting wild African harlequin quails (Coturnix delegorguei delegorguei) using traditional methods in Western Kenya has been ongoing for generations, yet their genetic diversity and evolutionary history are largely unknown. In this study, the genetic variation and demographic history of wild African harlequin quails were assessed using a 347bp mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region fragment and 119,339 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data. Genetic diversity analyses revealed that the genetic variation in wild African harlequin quails was predominantly among individuals than populations. Demographic analyses indicated a signal of rapid demographic expansion, and the estimated time since population expansion was found to be 150,000-350,000 years ago, corresponding to around the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary. A gradual decline in their effective population size was also observed, which raised concerns about their conservation status. These results provide the first account of the genetic diversity of wild African harlequin quails of Siaya, thereby creating a helpful foundation in their biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ogada
- Institute For Biotechnology ResearchJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
| | - Newton O. Otecko
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic AnimalsKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Sino‐Africa Joint Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesNairobiKenya
| | - Grace Moraa Kennedy
- Institute For Biotechnology ResearchJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
| | - John Musina
- Department of ZoologyNational Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | | | - Vincent Obanda
- Department of Veterinary ServicesKenya Wildlife ServiceNairobiKenya
| | - Jacqueline Lichoti
- Central Veterinary Laboratories KabeteState Department of LivestockMinistry of Agriculture, Livestock and FisheriesNairobiKenya
| | - Min‐Sheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic AnimalsKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Sino‐Africa Joint Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesNairobiKenya
| | - Sheila Ommeh
- Institute For Biotechnology ResearchJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- Department of ZoologyNational Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
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16
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Wolfgramm H, Martens J, Töpfer T, Vamberger M, Pathak A, Stuckas H, Päckert M. Asymmetric allelic introgression across a hybrid zone of the coal tit ( Periparus ater) in the central Himalayas. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:17332-17351. [PMID: 34938512 PMCID: PMC8668783 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Himalayas, a number of secondary contact zones have been described for vicariant vertebrate taxa. However, analyses of genetic divergence and admixture are missing for most of these examples. In this study, we provide a population genetic analysis for the coal tit (Periparus ater) hybrid zone in Nepal. Intermediate phenotypes between the distinctive western "spot-winged tit" (P. a. melanolophus) and Eastern Himalayan coal tits (P. a. aemodius) occur across a narrow range of <100 km in western Nepal. As a peculiarity, another distinctive cinnamon-bellied form is known from a single population so far. Genetic admixture of western and eastern mitochondrial lineages was restricted to the narrow zone of phenotypically intermediate populations. The cline width was estimated 46 km only with a center close to the population of the cinnamon-bellied phenotype. In contrast, allelic introgression of microsatellite loci was asymmetrical from eastern P. a. aemodius into far western populations of phenotypic P. a. melanolophus but not vice versa. Accordingly, the microsatellite cline was about 3.7 times wider than the mitochondrial one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Wolfgramm
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections DresdenDresdenGermany
- Present address:
Department of Functional GenomicsInterfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional GenomicsUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Jochen Martens
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE)Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Till Töpfer
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity ChangeZoological Research Museum Alexander KoenigBonnGermany
| | | | - Abhinaya Pathak
- Department of National Parks and Wildlife ConservationKathmanduNepal
| | - Heiko Stuckas
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Martin Päckert
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections DresdenDresdenGermany
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17
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Vogt JC, Olefeld JL, Bock C, Boenigk J, Albach DC. Patterns of protist distribution and diversification in alpine lakes across Europe. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1216. [PMID: 34459549 PMCID: PMC8311734 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogeography in Europe is known to be crucially influenced by the large mountain ranges serving as biogeographical islands for cold-adapted taxa and geographical barriers for warm-adapted taxa. While biogeographical patterns are well-known for plants and animals in Europe, we here investigated diversity and distribution patterns of protist freshwater communities on a European scale (256 lakes) in the light of the well-studied post-glacial distribution patterns of macroorganisms. Thus, our study compared 43 alpine protist communities of lakes located in the Alps, Carpathians, Pyrenees, and the Sierra Nevada with that of surrounding lowland lakes. We verified altitudinal diversity gradients of freshwater protists with decreasing richness and diversity across altitudes similar to those observed for plants and animals. Alpine specialists and generalists could be identified differing significantly in richness and diversity, but hardly in occurrence and proportions of major taxonomic groups. High proportions of region-specific alpine specialists indicate an increased occurrence of distinct lineages within each mountain range and thus, suggested either separated glacial refugia or post-glacial diversification within mountain ranges. However, a few alpine specialists were shared between mountain ranges suggesting a post-glacial recolonization from a common lowland pool. Our results identified generalists with wide distribution ranges and putatively wide tolerance ranges toward environmental conditions as main drivers of protist diversification (specification) in alpine lakes, while there was hardly any diversification in alpine specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina C. Vogt
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Science (IBU)Plants Biodiversity and EvolutionCarl von Ossietzky UniversityOldenburgGermany
| | - Jana L. Olefeld
- Department of BiodiversityUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Christina Bock
- Department of BiodiversityUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Jens Boenigk
- Department of BiodiversityUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Dirk C. Albach
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Science (IBU)Plants Biodiversity and EvolutionCarl von Ossietzky UniversityOldenburgGermany
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18
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Li WW, Liu LQ, Zhang QP, Zhou WQ, Fan GQ, Liao K. Phylogeography of Prunus armeniaca L. revealed by chloroplast DNA and nuclear ribosomal sequences. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13623. [PMID: 34211010 PMCID: PMC8249649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the phytogeography of Prunus armeniaca L., two chloroplast DNA fragments (trnL-trnF and ycf1) and the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were employed to assess genetic variation across 12 P. armeniaca populations. The results of cpDNA and ITS sequence data analysis showed a high the level of genetic diversity (cpDNA: HT = 0.499; ITS: HT = 0.876) and a low level of genetic differentiation (cpDNA: FST = 0.1628; ITS: FST = 0.0297) in P. armeniaca. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most of the genetic variation in P. armeniaca occurred among individuals within populations. The value of interpopulation differentiation (NST) was significantly higher than the number of substitution types (GST), indicating genealogical structure in P. armeniaca. P. armeniaca shared genotypes with related species and may be associated with them through continuous and extensive gene flow. The haplotypes/genotypes of cultivated apricot populations in Xinjiang, North China, and foreign apricot populations were mixed with large numbers of haplotypes/genotypes of wild apricot populations from the Ili River Valley. The wild apricot populations in the Ili River Valley contained the ancestral haplotypes/genotypes with the highest genetic diversity and were located in an area considered a potential glacial refugium for P. armeniaca. Since population expansion occurred 16.53 kyr ago, the area has provided a suitable climate for the population and protected the genetic diversity of P. armeniaca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Li
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li-Qiang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Zhang
- Xiongyue National Germplasm Resources Garden of the Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Xiongyue, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Quan Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guo-Quan Fan
- Luntai National Fruit Germplasm Resources Garden of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luntai, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kang Liao
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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Lachowska-Cierlik D, Zając K, Mazur MA, Sikora A, Kubisz D, Kajtoch Ł. The Origin of Isolated Populations of the Mountain Weevil, Liparus glabrirostris-The Flagship Species for Riparian Habitats. J Hered 2021; 111:357-370. [PMID: 32594167 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liparus glabrirostris is one of the largest European weevils, and it has been recently proposed as the flagship species for threatened riparian habitats in the mountains. For effective conservation of its populations (and associated habitats), it is crucial to understand its history, contemporary distribution, genetic diversity and predict changes in the range, including its highly isolated populations on the Baltic coast. Here, we examined numerous populations of L. glabrirostris across almost the entire species range using phylogeography and species niche modeling (SNM) approaches. Analyses of mtDNA and nucDNA markers revealed the existence of 2 major mitochondrial lineages generally separated between 1) the Alpine region and 2) the Bohemian Massif, the Carpathians, and the Baltic coast areas. Genetic diversity in nuclear genes was more complicated with no clear division between populations. The origin of Baltic populations was derived from the Carpathians, but there were probably multiple expansion events to the north. SNM suggested the existence of glacial refugia for L. glabrirostris, mainly in the Alps and the Southern Carpathians. Current predictions of species range were found to be generally congruent with zoogeographic data; however, the Baltic coast was not really supported as a suitable area for L. glabrirostris. An important prediction of future distribution (2050-2070 CE) suggests a shrinkage of the L. glabrirostris range and extinction of some of its populations (particularly those isolated on lower altitudes). Based on the aforementioned data, proposals for the protection of this species are proposed, including the designation of several evolutionary units of conservation importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Zając
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miłosz A Mazur
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Sikora
- Ornithological Station, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Daniel Kubisz
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kajtoch
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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20
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Salvi D, Pinho C, Mendes J, Harris DJ. Fossil-calibrated time tree of Podarcis wall lizards provides limited support for biogeographic calibration models. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 161:107169. [PMID: 33798673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Podarcis wall lizards are endemic to the Mediterranean Basin where they represent the predominant reptile group. Despite being extensively used as model organisms in evolutionary and ecological studies their phylogeny and historical biogeography are still incompletely resolved. Moreover, molecular clock calibrations used in wall lizard phylogeography are based on the assumption of vicariant speciation triggered by the abrupt Mediterranean Sea level rise at the end of the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC). However, the validity of this biogeographic calibration remains untested. In this study we inferred a robust time tree based on multilocus data and fossil calibrations using both gene concatenation and species-tree approaches and including models with gene-flow. We found five deeply divergent, geographically coherent, and well-supported clades comprising species from i) Iberian Peninsula and North Africa; ii) Western Mediterranean islands, iii) Sicilian and Maltese islands; and iv-v) Balkan region and Aegean islands. The mitochondrial tree shows some inconsistencies with the species tree that warrant future investigation. Diversification of main clades is estimated in a short time frame during the Middle Miocene and might have been associated with a period of global climate cooling with the establishment of a marked climatic zonation in Europe. Cladogenetic events within the main clades are scattered throughout the time tree, from the Late Miocene to the Early Pleistocene, suggesting that speciation events in wall lizards reflect a complex interplay between regional topography, climate and geological history rather than a shared major climatic or paleogeographic event. Our absolute time estimates, as well as a relative dating approach, demonstrate that the assumption of a causal link between sea-level rise at the end of the MSC and the diversification of many island endemics is not justified. This study reinforces the notion that multiple dispersal and vicariant events, at different time frames, are required to explain current allopatric distributions and to account for the historical assembly of Mediterranean biota, and cautions against the use of biogeographic calibrations based on the assumption of vicariance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Salvi
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy; CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Pinho
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Joana Mendes
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - D James Harris
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
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21
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22
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Levicoy D, Flores K, Rosenfeld S, Cárdenas L. Phylogeography and genetic diversity of the microbivalve Kidderia subquadrata, reveals new data from West Antarctic Peninsula. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5705. [PMID: 33707560 PMCID: PMC7952419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that Antarctic biodiversity has been strongly influenced by rapid climatic fluctuations during the Quaternary. Marine invertebrates from Antarctica constitute an interesting lens through which to study the impacts of the last glacial periods as glaciation impacted the distribution and intraspecific genetic variation of these animals. However, the impact on the spatial genetic distribution and historical demography of local processes in areas adjacent to the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is less clear. Here we present new genetic information on the bivalve Kidderia subquadrata, a small mollusk that inhabits intertidal rocky island ecosystems throughout the WAP. Using a phylogeographical approach, we examined the spatial patterns of genetic diversity in this brooder species to test the hypothesis of strong genetic structure in incubating organisms and the hypothesis of glacial refugia in organisms with limited dispersion. We found evidence of strong genetic structure among populations of the WAP and a recent expansion in the South Shetland Islands. Our findings are concordant with the predictions that incubating organisms, abundant in Antarctica, present a strong genetic structure among their populations and also support the hypothesis of glacial refugia in organisms with limited dispersion. The effect of the coastal current pattern in the WAP is suggested as a driver to the local spatial dynamics of the genetic diversity distribution. Although genetic information about this microbivalve is still scarce, the knowledge reported here has increased our understanding of the evolutionary patterns of this organism that is endemic to the Southern Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Levicoy
- Centro FONDAP- IDEAL, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales and Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 641, P.O. Box 567, Valdivia, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Kamilla Flores
- Centro FONDAP- IDEAL, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales and Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 641, P.O. Box 567, Valdivia, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rosenfeld
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos Y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leyla Cárdenas
- Centro FONDAP- IDEAL, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales and Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 641, P.O. Box 567, Valdivia, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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Arenas-Viveros D, Sánchez-Vendizú P, Giraldo A, Salazar-Bravo J. A new species of Cynomops (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from the northwestern slope of the Andes. MAMMALIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2020-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The systematics and taxonomy of the broadly distributed bats of the genus Cynomops has changed considerably in the last few years. Among the major changes, Cynomops abrasus was split into two species of large-bodied forms (Cynomops mastivus and C. abrasus) distributed east of the Andes. However, large Colombian specimens identified as C. abrasus from the western side of the Andes had yet to be included in any revisionary work. Phylogenetic analysis performed in this study, using mtDNA sequences (Cytochrome-b), revealed that these Colombian individuals are more closely related to Cynomops greenhalli. Morphological and molecular data allowed us to recognize populations from western Colombia, western Ecuador and northwestern Peru, as members of a new species of Cynomops. Characters that allow for its differentiation from C. greenhalli include a larger forearm, paler but more uniform ventral pelage, more globular braincase, and well-developed zygomatic processes of the maxilla (almost reaching the postorbital constriction). This study serves as another example of the importance of including multiple lines of evidence in the recognition of a new species. Given its rarity and the advanced transformation of its habitat, this new species is particularly important from a conservation perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Arenas-Viveros
- Department of Biological Sciences , Texas Tech University , 2901 Main St , Lubbock , TX 79401 , USA
| | - Pamela Sánchez-Vendizú
- Departamento de Mastozoología , Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos , Lima , Peru
| | - Alan Giraldo
- Departamento de Biología , Universidad del Valle , Cali , Colombia
| | - Jorge Salazar-Bravo
- Department of Biological Sciences , Texas Tech University , 2901 Main St , Lubbock , TX 79401 , USA
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad , Quito , Ecuador
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24
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Spadavecchia G, Chiocchio A, Bisconti R, Canestrelli D. Paso doble: A two-step Late Pleistocene range expansion in the Tyrrhenian tree frog Hyla sarda. Gene 2021; 780:145489. [PMID: 33588038 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Tyrrhenian tree frog, Hyla sarda, is an amphibian endemic to the Tyrrhenian islands (Western Mediterranean). Previous investigations of its Pleistocene evolutionary history suggested that it colonised the northern portion of its current range, through a spatial diffusion process from the Sardinia island, during the last glaciation. However, southern and northern portions of the species' range experienced markedly different climatic conditions during the Late Pleistocene, suggesting the possibility of an unusual two-step process of demographic expansion. Here, we use Bayesian phylogeographic approaches to locate the ancestral area in Sardinia and to characterise better the demographic component of this expansion event. These analyses located the ancestral area for H. sarda populations along the central-eastern coast of the Sardinia island, within an area previously shown to host suitable bioclimatic conditions for H. sarda populations throughout the Late Pleistocene. Historical demographic reconstructions clearly showed that a two-step process of demographic growth fits well the data, with northern populations expanding later than Sardinia populations. The harsher climatic conditions occurred in northern islands during the glacial epoch, as compared to Sardinia, likely delayed tree frog colonisation of northern territories, and the associated demographic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Spadavecchia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università della Tuscia. Viale dell'Università s.n.c., I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Andrea Chiocchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università della Tuscia. Viale dell'Università s.n.c., I-01100 Viterbo, Italy; Department of Biology, Lunds Universitet, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roberta Bisconti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università della Tuscia. Viale dell'Università s.n.c., I-01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Daniele Canestrelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università della Tuscia. Viale dell'Università s.n.c., I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
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25
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Sergeev MG. Distribution Patterns of Grasshoppers and Their Kin over the Eurasian Steppes. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12010077. [PMID: 33467740 PMCID: PMC7830448 DOI: 10.3390/insects12010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The steppe zone is the huge area in temperate Eurasia where different grasslands form the main type of vegetation. The main part of this life zone has been transformed by human activity and used for crop cultivation (mainly wheat) and livestock. Regional and local transformations and/or climate changes can result in some shifts in species and population distribution of Orthoptera. Over this area, the climatic conditions and the dominated grasslands are suitable for numerous grasshoppers and their relatives, especially the graminivorous ones. The general level of their diversity is usually high. Many species are very abundant and may become important pests. However, there are also many rare species. The main aims of this paper are to reveal general patterns of Orthoptera distribution in the Eurasian steppes, to evaluate long-term trends of changes in distribution of taxa and populations, and to estimate the potential for population changes relative to human activity and global warming trends. Abstract The main aims of this paper are to reveal general patterns of Orthoptera distribution in the Eurasian steppes, to evaluate long-term trends of changes in distribution of taxa and populations, and to estimate the potential for population changes relative to human activity and global warming trends. The main publications concerning diversity and distribution of these insects over the steppes are analyzed. The fauna of the Eurasian steppes includes more than 440 species of Orthoptera. The general distribution of grasshoppers and their kin in the Eurasian steppes reflects their common associations with different grasslands. The species richness increases from the relatively cold forest-steppes to the semi-deserts with their warm summer. There are some endemic or subendemic taxa, including the tribe Onconotini (Tettigoniidae). The populations’ distribution of Orthoptera is also analyzed. The populations of native Orthoptera extend through all the herbaceous landscapes. Under these conditions, the interrelating of colonies of each species may result in great abundance. The population distribution of three species locusts (Locusta migratoria, Calliptamus italicus, Dociostaurus maroccanus) is also discussed. Some notable changes of their populations’ distribution and dynamics are characterized. The situation with rare Orthoptera is estimated. Retrospective and prospective of the steppe fauna of Orthoptera are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Sergeev
- Department of General Biology and Ecology, Novosibirsk State University, 2, Pirogova Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Ecology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 11, Frunze Street, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Chiocchio A, Arntzen JW, Martínez-Solano I, de Vries W, Bisconti R, Pezzarossa A, Maiorano L, Canestrelli D. Reconstructing hotspots of genetic diversity from glacial refugia and subsequent dispersal in Italian common toads (Bufo bufo). Sci Rep 2021; 11:260. [PMID: 33420098 PMCID: PMC7794404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity feeds the evolutionary process and allows populations to adapt to environmental changes. However, we still lack a thorough understanding of why hotspots of genetic diversity are so 'hot'. Here, we analysed the relative contribution of bioclimatic stability and genetic admixture between divergent lineages in shaping spatial patterns of genetic diversity in the common toad Bufo bufo along the Italian peninsula. We combined population genetic, phylogeographic and species distribution modelling (SDM) approaches to map ancestral areas, glacial refugia, and secondary contact zones. We consistently identified three phylogeographic lineages, distributed in northern, central and southern Italy. These lineages expanded from their ancestral areas and established secondary contact zones, before the last interglacial. SDM identified widespread glacial refugia in peninsular Italy, sometimes located under the present-day sea-level. Generalized linear models indicated genetic admixture as the only significant predictor of the levels of population genetic diversity. Our results show that glacial refugia contributed to preserving both levels and patterns of genetic diversity across glacial-interglacial cycles, but not to their formation, and highlight a general principle emerging in Mediterranean species: higher levels of genetic diversity mark populations with substantial contributions from multiple genetic lineages, irrespective of the location of glacial refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chiocchio
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Jan W Arntzen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Iñigo Martínez-Solano
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wouter de Vries
- Asociation Ambor, Ctra. Constantina - Pedroso 1, 41450, Constantina, Spain
| | - Roberta Bisconti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alice Pezzarossa
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Università di Roma La Sapienza, Viale dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Canestrelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
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Asztalos M, Schultze N, Ihlow F, Geniez P, Berroneau M, Delmas C, Guiller G, Legentilhomme J, Kindler C, Fritz U. How often do they do it? An in-depth analysis of the hybrid zone of two grass snake species (Natrix astreptophora and Natrix helvetica). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We examined the contact zone of two parapatric species of grass snake (Natrix astreptophora and Natrix helvetica) in southern France. To this end, we used comprehensive sampling, analysed mtDNA sequences and microsatellite loci, and built Species Distribution Models for current and past climatic conditions. The contact zone had established by the mid-Holocene during range expansions from glacial refuges in the Iberian Peninsula (N. astreptophora) and southern or western France (N. helvetica). The contact zone represents a narrow bimodal hybrid zone, with steep genetic transition from one taxon to the other and rare hybridization, supporting species status for N. astreptophora and N. helvetica. Our results suggest that the steepness of the clines is a more robust tool for species delimitation than cline width. In addition, we discovered in western France, beyond the hybrid zone, a remote population of N. helvetica with genetic signatures of hybridization with N. astreptophora, most likely the result of human-mediated long-distance dispersal. For N. helvetica, we identified a southern and a northern population cluster, connected by broad-scale gene flow in a unimodal hybrid zone running across France. This pattern either reflects genetic divergence caused by allopatry in two microrefuges and subsequent secondary contact or introgression of foreign alleles into the southern cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Asztalos
- Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadine Schultze
- Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Flora Ihlow
- Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philippe Geniez
- UMR 5175 CEFE, Biogéographie et Ecologie des Vertébrés, EPHE, PSL Université Recherche, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Claudine Delmas
- NEO/ANA-CEN Ariège, 18 Impasse Denis Papin, Lavelanet, France
| | | | | | - Carolin Kindler
- Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Environmental variability supports chimpanzee behavioural diversity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4451. [PMID: 32934202 PMCID: PMC7493986 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Large brains and behavioural innovation are positively correlated, species-specific traits, associated with the behavioural flexibility animals need for adapting to seasonal and unpredictable habitats. Similar ecological challenges would have been important drivers throughout human evolution. However, studies examining the influence of environmental variability on within-species behavioural diversity are lacking despite the critical assumption that population diversification precedes genetic divergence and speciation. Here, using a dataset of 144 wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) communities, we show that chimpanzees exhibit greater behavioural diversity in environments with more variability — in both recent and historical timescales. Notably, distance from Pleistocene forest refugia is associated with the presence of a larger number of behavioural traits, including both tool and non-tool use behaviours. Since more than half of the behaviours investigated are also likely to be cultural, we suggest that environmental variability was a critical evolutionary force promoting the behavioural, as well as cultural diversification of great apes. Environmental variability is one potential driver of behavioural and cultural diversity in humans and other animals. Here, the authors show that chimpanzee behavioural diversity is higher in habitats that are more seasonal and historically unstable, and in savannah woodland relative to forested sites.
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Centers of endemism of freshwater protists deviate from pattern of taxon richness on a continental scale. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14431. [PMID: 32879396 PMCID: PMC7468153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we analyzed patterns of taxon richness and endemism of freshwater protists in Europe. Even though the significance of physicochemical parameters but also of geographic constraints for protist distribution is documented, it remains unclear where regional areas of high protist diversity are located and whether areas of high taxon richness harbor a high proportion of endemics. Further, patterns may be universal for protists or deviate between taxonomic groups. Based on amplicon sequencing campaigns targeting the SSU and ITS region of the rDNA we address these patterns at two different levels of phylogenetic resolution. Our analyses demonstrate that protists have restricted geographical distribution areas. For many taxonomic groups the regions of high taxon richness deviate from those having a high proportion of putative endemics. In particular, the diversity of high mountain lakes as azonal habitats deviated from surrounding lowlands, i.e. many taxa were found exclusively in high mountain lakes and several putatively endemic taxa occurred in mountain regions like the Alps, the Pyrenees or the Massif Central. Beyond that, taxonomic groups showed a pronounced accumulation of putative endemics in distinct regions, e.g. Dinophyceae along the Baltic Sea coastline, and Chrysophyceae in Scandinavia. Many other groups did not have pronounced areas of increased endemism but geographically restricted taxa were found across Europe.
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Zheng Y, Dai Q, Guo X, Zeng X. Dynamics behind disjunct distribution, hotspot-edge refugia, and discordant RADseq/mtDNA variability: insights from the Emei mustache toad. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:111. [PMID: 32859147 PMCID: PMC7456009 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The distribution of genetic diversity and the underlying processes are important for conservation planning but are unknown for most species and have not been well studied in many regions. In East Asia, the Sichuan Basin and surrounding mountains constitute an understudied region that exhibits a “ring” of high species richness overlapping the eastern edge of the global biodiversity hotspot Mountains of Southwest China. We examine the distributional history and genetic diversification of the Emei mustache toad Leptobrachium boringii, a typical “ring” element characterized by disjunct ranges in the mountains, by integrating time-calibrated gene tree, genetic variability, individual-level clustering, inference of population splitting and mixing from allele frequencies, and paleoclimatic suitability modeling. Results The results reveal extensive range dynamics, including secondary contact after long-term isolation via westward dispersal accompanied by variability loss. They allow the proposal of a model that combines recurrent contractions caused by Quaternary climatic changes and some failed expansions under suitable conditions for explaining the shared disjunct distribution pattern. Providing exceptional low-elevation habitats in the hotspot area, the eastern edge harbors both long-term refugial and young immigrant populations. This finding and a synthesis of evidence from other taxa demonstrate that a certain contributor to biodiversity, one that preserves and receives low-elevation elements of the east in this case, can be significant for only a particular part of a hotspot. By clarifying the low variability of these refugial populations, we show that discordant mitochondrial estimates of diversity can be obtained for populations that experienced admixture, which would have unlikely left proportional immigrant alleles for each locus. Conclusions Dispersal after long-term isolation can explain much of the spatial distribution of genetic diversity in this species, while secondary contact and long-term persistence do not guarantee a large variation. The model for the formation of disjunct ranges may apply to many other taxa isolated in the mountains surrounding the Sichuan Basin. Furthermore, this study provides insights into the heterogeneous nature of hotspots and discordant variability obtained from genome-wide and mitochondrial data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Zheng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #9 of Section 4, Ren-Min-Nan Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Qiang Dai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #9 of Section 4, Ren-Min-Nan Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xianguang Guo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #9 of Section 4, Ren-Min-Nan Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaomao Zeng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #9 of Section 4, Ren-Min-Nan Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Østbye K, Hagen Hassve M, Peris Tamayo AM, Hagenlund M, Vogler T, Præbel K. " And if you gaze long into an abyss, the abyss gazes also into thee": four morphs of Arctic charr adapting to a depth gradient in Lake Tinnsjøen. Evol Appl 2020; 13:1240-1261. [PMID: 32684957 PMCID: PMC7359846 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of species is a central topic in biology. Ecological speciation might be a driver in adaptive radiation, providing a framework for understanding mechanisms, level, and rate of diversification. The Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus L. is a polymorphic species with huge morphological and life‐history diversity in Holarctic water systems. We studied adaptive radiation of Arctic charr in the 460‐m‐deep Lake Tinnsjøen to (a) document eco‐morphology and life‐history traits of morphs, (b) estimate reproductive isolation of morphs, and (c) illuminate Holarctic phylogeography and lineages colonizing Lake Tinnsjøen. We compared Lake Tinnsjøen with four Norwegian outgroup populations. Four field‐assigned morphs were identified in Lake Tinnsjøen: the planktivore morph in all habitats except deep profundal, the dwarf morph in shallow‐moderate profundal, the piscivore morph mainly in shallow‐moderate profundal, and a new undescribed abyssal morph in the deep profundal. Morphs displayed extensive life‐history variation in age and size. A moderate‐to‐high concordance was observed among morphs and four genetic clusters from microsatellites. mtDNA suggested two minor endemic clades in Lake Tinnsjøen originating from one widespread colonizing clade in the Holarctic. All morphs were genetically differentiated at microsatellites (FST: 0.12–0.20), associated with different mtDNA clade frequencies. Analyses of outgroup lakes implied colonization from a river below Lake Tinnsjøen. Our findings suggest postglacial adaptive radiation of one colonizing mtDNA lineage with niche specialization along a depth–temperature–productivity–pressure gradient. Concordance between reproductive isolation and habitats of morphs implies ecological speciation as a mechanism. Particularly novel is the extensive morph diversification with depth into the often unexplored deepwater profundal habitat, suggesting we may have systematically underestimated biodiversity in lakes. In a biological conservation framework, it is imperative to protect endemic below‐species‐level biodiversity, particularly so since within‐species variation comprises an extremely important component of the generally low total biodiversity observed in the northern freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjartan Østbye
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Campus Evenstad Norway.,Department of Biosciences Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Marius Hagen Hassve
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Campus Evenstad Norway
| | - Ana-Maria Peris Tamayo
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Campus Evenstad Norway
| | - Mari Hagenlund
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Campus Evenstad Norway
| | - Thomas Vogler
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Campus Evenstad Norway
| | - Kim Præbel
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics Norwegian College of Fishery Science UiT Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
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Delrieu-Trottin E, Hubert N, Giles EC, Chifflet-Belle P, Suwalski A, Neglia V, Rapu-Edmunds C, Mona S, Saenz-Agudelo P. Coping with Pleistocene climatic fluctuations: Demographic responses in remote endemic reef fishes. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2218-2233. [PMID: 32428327 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating demographic history during the settlement of ecological communities is crucial for properly inferring the mechanisms that shape patterns of species diversity and their persistence through time. Here, we used genomic data and coalescent-based approaches to elucidate for the first time the demographic dynamics associated with the settlement by endemic reef fish fauna of one of the most remote peripheral islands of the Pacific Ocean, Rapa Nui (Easter Island). We compared the demographic history of nine endemic species in order to explore their demographic responses to Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. We found that species endemic to Rapa Nui share a common demographic history, as signatures of population expansions were retrieved for almost all of the species studied here, and synchronous demographic expansions initiated during the last glacial period were recovered for more than half of the studied species. These results suggest that eustatic fluctuations associated with Milankovitch cycles have played a central role in species demographic histories and in the final stage of the community assembly of many Rapa Nui reef fishes. Specifically, sea level lowstands resulted in the maximum reef habitat extension for Rapa Nui endemic species; we discuss the potential role of seamounts in allowing endemic species to cope with Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, and we highlight the importance of local historical processes over regional ones. Overall, our results shed light on the mechanisms by which endemism arises and is maintained in peripheral reef fish fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Delrieu-Trottin
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 5554 (UM-CNRS-IRD-EPHE), ISEM, Montpellier, France.,Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions-und Biodiversitätsforschung an der, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Hubert
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 5554 (UM-CNRS-IRD-EPHE), ISEM, Montpellier, France
| | - Emily C Giles
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Ecología y Evolución, Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pascaline Chifflet-Belle
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB, Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Suwalski
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB, Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Valentina Neglia
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Stefano Mona
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB, Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Papetoai, French Polynesia
| | - Pablo Saenz-Agudelo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Wielstra B, Arntzen JW. Extensive cytonuclear discordance in a crested newt from the Balkan Peninsula glacial refugium. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntegration of multilocus data and species distribution modelling into phylogeography allows mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-based scenarios to be fine-tuned. We address the question of whether extensive mtDNA substructuring in the crested newt Triturus macedonicus from the Balkan Peninsula is matched in the nuclear genome. We determine the intraspecific population structure based on 52 nuclear DNA markers and project a species distribution model on climate layers for the Last Glacial Maximum. We show that T. macedonicus accumulated nuclear DNA population structure in an area predicted to have been climatically stable during the Pleistocene, with four nuclear DNA groups in the western part of the species range. The distribution of these nuclear DNA groups shows little agreement with that of mtDNA structuring, which shows three highly distinct species-specific clades and a fourth one introgressed from another crested newt species. This cytonuclear discordance conveys that historical biogeographical scenarios based on mtDNA exclusively should be interpreted with caution. Our findings further highlight the important role the Balkan Peninsula has played in the evolution and preservation of European biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wielstra
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Arntzen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Gómez Fernández MJ, Fameli A, Rojo Gómez J, Pereira JA, Mirol P. Phylogeographical spatial diffusion analysis reveals the journey of Geoffroy’s cat through the Quaternary glaciations of South America. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLeopardus geoffroyi is a small feline with a widespread distribution in a broad array of habitats. Here we investigate its evolutionary history to characterize the phylogeographical patterns that led to its present distribution using mitochondrial DNA from 72 individuals collected throughout its entire range. All haplotypes conformed to a monophyletic group, including two clades with a central/marginal disposition that is incongruent to the proposed subspecies. Spatial diffusion analysis showed the origin of the species within the oldest and more diverse central clade. A Bayesian Skyline Plot combined with a dispersal through time plot revealed two population increases at 190 000–170 000 and 45 000–35 000 years ago, the latter period accompanied by an increase in the dispersal rate. Species distribution models showed similar patterns between the present and Last Interglacial Period, and a reduction of high-probability areas during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Molecular evidence confirms L. geoffroyi as a monotypic species whose origin is located in Central Argentina. The last glaciation had little effect on the pattern of distribution of the species: the population and range expansion that started before the LGM, although probably being halted, continued after the glaciation and resulted in the presence of this felid in the far south of Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jimena Gómez Fernández
- Grupo de Genética y Ecología en Conservación y Biodiversidad, División Mastozoología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, CONICET. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Fameli
- Grupo de Genética y Ecología en Conservación y Biodiversidad, División Mastozoología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, CONICET. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julio Rojo Gómez
- Grupo de Genética y Ecología en Conservación y Biodiversidad, División Mastozoología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, CONICET. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier A Pereira
- Grupo de Genética y Ecología en Conservación y Biodiversidad, División Mastozoología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, CONICET. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Mirol
- Grupo de Genética y Ecología en Conservación y Biodiversidad, División Mastozoología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, CONICET. Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Veith M, Göçmen B, Sotiropoulos K, Eleftherakos K, Lötters S, Godmann O, Karış M, Oğuz A, Ehl S. Phylogeographic analyses point to long-term survival on the spot in micro-endemic Lycian salamanders. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226326. [PMID: 31929551 PMCID: PMC6957296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycian salamanders (genus Lyciasalamandra) constitute an exceptional case of micro-endemism of an amphibian species on the Asian Minor mainland. These viviparous salamanders are confined to karstic limestone formations along the southern Anatolian coast and some islands. We here study the genetic differentiation within and among 118 populations of all seven Lyciasalamandra species across the entire genus’ distribution. Based on circa 900 base pairs of fragments of the mitochondrial 16SrDNA and ATPase genes, we analysed the spatial haplotype distribution as well as the genetic structure and demographic history of populations. We used 253 geo-referenced populations and CHELSA climate data to infer species distribution models which we projected on climatic conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Within all but one species, distinct phyloclades were identified, which only in parts matched current taxonomy. Most haplotypes (78%) were private to single populations. Sometimes population genetic parameters showed contradicting results, although in several cases they indicated recent population expansion of phyloclades. Climatic suitability of localities currently inhabited by salamanders was significantly lower during the LGM compared to recent climate. All data indicated a strong degree of isolation among Lyciasalamandra populations, even within phyloclades. Given the sometimes high degree of haplotype differentiation between adjacent populations, they must have survived periods of deteriorated climates during the Quaternary on the spot. However, the alternative explanation of male biased dispersal combined with a pronounced female philopatry can only be excluded if independent nuclear data confirm this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Veith
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Universitätsring, Trier, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Bayram Göçmen
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Karolos Eleftherakos
- Section of Zoology-Marine Biology, Department of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefan Lötters
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Universitätsring, Trier, Germany
| | | | - Mert Karış
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Anil Oğuz
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sarah Ehl
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Universitätsring, Trier, Germany
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36
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Engelbrecht HM, Branch WR, Greenbaum E, Burger M, Conradie W, Tolley KA. African Herald snakes,
Crotaphopeltis
, show population structure for a widespread generalist but deep genetic divergence for forest specialists. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanlie M. Engelbrecht
- South African National Biodiversity Institute Kirstenbosch Research Centre Claremont South Africa
- Department of Botany & Zoology Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
| | - William R. Branch
- Port Elizabeth Museum (Bayworld) Port Elizabeth South Africa
- Department of Zoology Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa
| | - Eli Greenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX USA
| | - Marius Burger
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
- Flora Fauna & Man Ecological Services Ltd. Tortola British Virgin Islands
| | - Werner Conradie
- Port Elizabeth Museum (Bayworld) Port Elizabeth South Africa
- School of Natural Resource Management Nelson Mandela University George South Africa
- National Geographic Okovango Wilderness ProjectThe Wild Bird Trust Parktown South Africa
| | - Krystal A. Tolley
- South African National Biodiversity Institute Kirstenbosch Research Centre Claremont South Africa
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation University of Johannesburg Auckland Park South Africa
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37
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Soley-Guardia M, Carnaval AC, Anderson RP. Sufficient versus optimal climatic stability during the Late Quaternary: using environmental quality to guide phylogeographic inferences in a Neotropical montane system. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractQuaternary climatic oscillations affected species distributions worldwide, creating cycles of connectivity and isolation that impacted population demography and promoted lineage divergence. These effects have been well studied in temperate regions. Taxa inhabiting mesic montane habitats in tropical ecosystems show high levels of endemism and diversification in the distinct mountain ranges they inhabit; such a pattern has commonly been ascribed to past climatic oscillations, but few phylogeographic studies have tested this hypothesis. Here, we combine ecological niche models of species distributions with molecular data to study phylogeographic patterns in two rodents endemic to the highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama (Reithrodontomys creper and Nephelomys devius). In so doing, we apply a novel approach that incorporates a basic ecological principle: the expected positive relationship between environmental suitability and population abundance. Specifically, we use niche models to predict potential patterns of population connectivity and stability of different suitability levels during climatic extremes of the last glacial–interglacial cycle; we then test these predictions with population genetic analyses of a mitochondrial and a nuclear marker. The detailed predictions arising from the different levels of suitability were moderately to highly congruent with the molecular data depending on the species. Overall, results suggest that in these tropical montane ecosystems, cycles of population connectivity and isolation followed a pattern opposite to that typically described for temperate or lowland tropical ecosystems: namely, higher connectivity during the colder glacials, with isolation in montane refugia during the interglacials, including today. Nevertheless, the individualistic patterns for each species indicate a potentially wide gamut of phylogeographic histories reflecting particularities of their niches. Taken together, this study illustrates how phylogeographic inferences may benefit from niche model outputs that provide more detailed predictions of connectivity and finer characterizations of potential refugia through time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Soley-Guardia
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Ana Carolina Carnaval
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert P Anderson
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy), American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
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38
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Hope AG, Stephens RB, Mueller SD, Tkach VV, Demboski JR. Speciation of North American pygmy shrews (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) supports spatial but not temporal congruence of diversification among boreal species. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSpeciation among many animals was rapid through the Pleistocene, impacted by climate and periodic isolation and reconnection. As such, species limits among often morphologically cryptic lineages may remain unresolved despite clear mitogenomic partitioning. Accumulating evidence from phylogeographical studies is revealing congruent regional differentiation of lineages across taxonomic groups that share ecological and evolutionary traits. Here, we analyse multiple DNA loci and morphology to resolve the geography and timeframe associated with evolutionary history of North American pygmy shrews (genus Sorex). We then assess lineage diversification among three co-distributed shrew complexes using phylogenetic and approximate Bayesian computation approaches to test a hypothesis of spatial congruence but temporal incongruence of species formation on a continental scale. Our results indicate consistency in regional lineage distributions, partial congruence of the sequence of divergence, and strong but not definitive support for temporal incongruence, suggesting that successive glacial cycles initiated the process of diversification repeatedly through the Pleistocene. Our results emphasize a continuing need for greater genomic coverage in comparative phylogeography, with persistent challenges. We recognize distinct eastern (Sorex hoyi Baird, 1857) and western (Sorex eximius Osgood, 1901) species of pygmy shrew based on available evidence, but discuss issues with taxonomic designations considering the continuum of speciation throughout the boreal biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Hope
- Division of Biology, 116 Ackert Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ryan B Stephens
- Natural Resources and the Environment, 114 James Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | | | - Vasyl V Tkach
- Department of Biology, Starcher Hall, University of North Dakota Grand Forks, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - John R Demboski
- Denver Museum of Nature & Science, 2001 Colorado Boulevard, Denver, CO, USA
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39
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Päckert M, Ait Belkacem A, Wolfgramm H, Gast O, Canal D, Giacalone G, Lo Valvo M, Vamberger M, Wink M, Martens J, Stuckas H. Genetic admixture despite ecological segregation in a North African sparrow hybrid zone (Aves, Passeriformes, Passer domesticus × Passer hispaniolensis). Ecol Evol 2019; 9:12710-12726. [PMID: 31788209 PMCID: PMC6875665 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Under different environmental conditions, hybridization between the same species might result in different patterns of genetic admixture. Particularly, species pairs with large distribution ranges and long evolutionary history may have experienced several independent hybridization events over time in different zones of overlap. In birds, the diverse hybrid populations of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and the Spanish sparrow (Passer hispaniolensis) provide a striking example. Throughout their range of sympatry, these two species do not regularly interbreed; however, a stabilized hybrid form (Passer italiae) exists on the Italian Peninsula and on several Mediterranean islands. The spatial distribution pattern on the Eurasian continent strongly contrasts the situation in North Africa, where house sparrows and Spanish sparrows occur in close vicinity of phenotypically intermediate populations across a broad mosaic hybrid zone. In this study, we investigate patterns of divergence and admixture among the two parental species, stabilized and nonstabilized hybrid populations in Italy and Algeria based on a mitochondrial marker, a sex chromosomal marker, and 12 microsatellite loci. In Algeria, despite strong spatial and temporal separation of urban early-breeding house sparrows and hybrids and rural late-breeding Spanish sparrows, we found strong genetic admixture of mitochondrial and nuclear markers across all study populations and phenotypes. That pattern of admixture in the North African hybrid zone is strikingly different from i) the Iberian area of sympatry where we observed only weak asymmetrical introgression of Spanish sparrow nuclear alleles into local house sparrow populations and ii) the very homogenous Italian sparrow population where the mitogenome of one parent (P. domesticus) and the Z-chromosomal marker of the other parent (P. hispaniolensis) are fixed. The North African sparrow hybrids provide a further example of enhanced hybridization along with recent urbanization and anthropogenic land-use changes in a mosaic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Päckert
- Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Senckenberg|Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System ResearchDresdenGermany
| | - Abdelkrim Ait Belkacem
- Laboratoire d'Exploration et de Valorisation des Écosystèmes SteppiquesFaculté des Sciences de la nature et de la vieUniversité de DjelfaDjelfaAlgeria
| | - Hannes Wolfgramm
- Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Senckenberg|Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System ResearchDresdenGermany
| | - Oliver Gast
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology Brno & Masaryk University BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - David Canal
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana—CSICSevilleSpain
- Centro para el Estudio y Conservación de las Aves Rapaces en Argentina (CECARA‐UNLPam) & Instituto de las Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Santa RosaArgentina
| | | | - Mario Lo Valvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Melita Vamberger
- Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Senckenberg|Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System ResearchDresdenGermany
| | - Michael Wink
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Jochen Martens
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular EvolutionJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Heiko Stuckas
- Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Senckenberg|Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System ResearchDresdenGermany
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40
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Gürün K, Furman A, Juste J, Ramos Pereira MJ, Palmeirim JM, Puechmaille SJ, Hulva P, Presetnik P, Hamidovic D, Ibáñez C, Karataş A, Allegrini B, Georgiakakis P, Scaravelli D, Uhrin M, Nicolaou H, Abi-Said MR, Nagy ZL, Gazaryan S, Bilgin R. A continent-scale study of the social structure and phylogeography of the bent-wing bat, Miniopterus schreibersii (Mammalia: Chiroptera), using new microsatellite data. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMiniopterus schreibersii is a cave-dwelling bat species with a wide distribution in the western Palearctic spanning southern and central Europe, North Africa, Anatolia, the Middle East, and the Caucasus. We investigated the social structure and its effects on the genetic makeup of this species, using 10 nuclear microsatellite markers and a partial fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Samples were examined from the species' entire circum-Mediterranean range. Local structuring that was previously detected among populations of M. schreibersii using mitochondrial markers was not observed for microsatellite markers, indicating male-biased dispersal for the species. Some support was found for postglacial expansions in Europe, with Anatolia potentially acting as the primary refugium during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, support for this hypothesis is not as strong as that previously detected using mitochondrial DNA markers. This is likely due to the diminishing effect of male-mediated dispersal, replenishing the nuclear diversity faster than the mitochondrial diversity in regions that are relatively far from the glacial refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanat Gürün
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Andrzej Furman
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Javier Juste
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Maria J Ramos Pereira
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Wildlife Research Unit, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge M Palmeirim
- Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change, Dept. Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sebastien J Puechmaille
- University College Dublin, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Zoology Institute, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Chauves-souris Aveyron (CSA), 12310, Vimenet, France
| | - Pavel Hulva
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Primoz Presetnik
- Centre for Cartography of Fauna and Flora, Ljubljana Office, Klunova 3, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daniela Hamidovic
- Croatian Biospeleological Society, Zagreb, Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Carlos Ibáñez
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Ahmet Karataş
- Department of Biology, Niğde University, Niğde 51100, Turkey
| | | | - Panagiotis Georgiakakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, Knossos Ave., P.O. Box: 2208, GR71 409 Irakleion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dino Scaravelli
- Department Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Marcel Uhrin
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, SK-040 01 Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycká 1176, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Haris Nicolaou
- Parks and Environment Sector, Forestry Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, 1414 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mounir R Abi-Said
- Animal Encounter, Aley, Lebanon
- Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Al Fanar, 90656 Jdeidet, Lebanon
| | | | - Suren Gazaryan
- Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories RAS, Armand 37A360000, Nalchik, Russia
| | - Raşit Bilgin
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
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41
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Rakotoarivelo AR, O’Donoghue P, Bruford MW, Moodley Y. An ancient hybridization event reconciles mito-nuclear discordance among spiral-horned antelopes. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The spiral-horned antelopes (genus Tragelaphus) are among the most phenotypically diverse of all large mammals, and evolved in Africa during an adaptive radiation that began in the late Miocene, around 6 million years ago. Tragelaphus was able to exploit the habitat heterogeneity created by Plio-Pleistocene paleoclimatic fluctuations and tectonic processes to eventually occupy almost every habitat type in present day sub-Saharan Africa. The smallest of the spiral-horned antelopes, the bushbuck (T. scriptus), is also widely distributed across Africa, but is genetically divided into polyphyletic Scriptus and Sylvaticus mitochondrial (mt)DNA superlineages that inhabit opposite halves of the continent, suggesting the convergent evolution of independent bushbuck species. In this study, we provide a species tree reconstruction for the genus Tragelaphus and show that Scriptus and Sylvaticus are reciprocally monophyletic at nuclear DNA loci, comprising a single species across its African range. Given that mtDNA will sort into species-specific lineages more quickly than nuclear DNA, only an ancient interspecific hybridization event between a female from a now-extinct Tragelaphus species and a proto-Scriptus bushbuck male can reconcile the mito-nuclear incongruence. This extinct species diverged from the nyala (T. angasii) in the Pliocene about 4.1 million years ago. This study adds to an increasing body of evidence that suggests interspecific hybridization may be more common than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrinajoro R Rakotoarivelo
- Department of Zoology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Republic of South Africa
- Natiora Ahy, Lot Bis, Ampahibe, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Michael W Bruford
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshan Moodley
- Department of Zoology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Republic of South Africa
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42
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Meyer‐Lucht Y, Luquet E, Jóhannesdóttir F, Rödin‐Mörch P, Quintela M, Richter‐Boix A, Höglund J, Laurila A. Genetic basis of amphibian larval development along a latitudinal gradient: Gene diversity, selection and links with phenotypic variation in transcription factor
C/EBP‐1. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2786-2801. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Meyer‐Lucht
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Emilien Luquet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés Université Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
| | - Fríða Jóhannesdóttir
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Patrik Rödin‐Mörch
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - María Quintela
- Department of Population Genetics Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway
| | - Alex Richter‐Boix
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jacob Höglund
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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43
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Sonsthagen SA, Wilson RE, Lavretsky P, Talbot SL. Coast to coast: High genomic connectivity in North American scoters. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:7246-7261. [PMID: 31380047 PMCID: PMC6662410 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal shapes demographic processes and therefore is fundamental to understanding biological, ecological, and evolutionary processes acting within populations. However, assessing population connectivity in scoters (Melanitta sp.) is challenging as these species have large spatial distributions that span remote landscapes, have varying nesting distributions (disjunct vs. continuous), exhibit unknown levels of dispersal, and vary in the timing of the formation of pair bonds (winter vs. fall/spring migration) that may influence the distribution of genetic diversity. Here, we used double-digest restriction-associated DNA sequence (ddRAD) and microsatellite genotype data to assess population structure within the three North American species of scoter (black scoter, M. americana; white-winged scoter, M. deglandi; surf scoter, M. perspicillata), and between their European congeners (common scoter, M. nigra; velvet scoter, M. fusca). We uncovered no or weak genomic structure (ddRAD Φ ST < 0.019; microsatellite F ST < 0.004) within North America but high levels of structure among European congeners (ddRAD Φ ST > 0.155, microsatellite F ST > 0.086). The pattern of limited genomic structure within North America is shared with other sea duck species and is often attributed to male-biased dispersal. Further, migratory tendencies (east vs. west) of female surf and white-winged scoters in central Canada are known to vary across years, providing additional opportunities for intracontinental dispersal and a mechanism for the maintenance of genomic connectivity across North America. In contrast, the black scoter had relatively elevated levels of divergence between Alaska and Atlantic sites and a second genetic cluster found in Alaska at ddRAD loci was concordant with its disjunct breeding distribution suggestive of a dispersal barrier (behavioral or physical). Although scoter populations appear to be connected through a dispersal network, a small percentage (<4%) of ddRAD loci had elevated divergence which may be useful in linking areas (nesting, molting, staging, and wintering) throughout the annual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Sonsthagen
- US Geological SurveyAlaska Science Center, 4210 University Dr.AnchorageAlaska
| | - Robert E. Wilson
- US Geological SurveyAlaska Science Center, 4210 University Dr.AnchorageAlaska
| | - Philip Lavretsky
- US Geological SurveyAlaska Science Center, 4210 University Dr.AnchorageAlaska
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexas
| | - Sandra L. Talbot
- US Geological SurveyAlaska Science Center, 4210 University Dr.AnchorageAlaska
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44
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Rankin AM, Schwartz RS, Floyd CH, Galbreath KE. Contrasting consequences of historical climate change for marmots at northern and temperate latitudes. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Rankin
- Department of Biological Sciences Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID USA
| | - Rachel S Schwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Chris H Floyd
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI USA
| | - Kurt E Galbreath
- Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI USA (KEG)
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45
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Chiocchio A, Colangelo P, Aloise G, Amori G, Bertolino S, Bisconti R, Castiglia R, Canestrelli D. Population genetic structure of the bank vole
Myodes glareolus
within its glacial refugium in peninsular Italy. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chiocchio
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science Università degli Studi della Tuscia Viterbo Italy
| | - Paolo Colangelo
- National Research Council, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems Rome Italy
| | - Gaetano Aloise
- Museo di Storia Naturale ed Orto Botanico Università della Calabria Rende Italy
| | - Giovanni Amori
- National Research Council, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems Rome Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin” University of Rome La Sapienza Roma Italy
| | - Sandro Bertolino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Università degli Studi di Torino Torino Italy
| | - Roberta Bisconti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science Università degli Studi della Tuscia Viterbo Italy
| | - Riccardo Castiglia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin” University of Rome La Sapienza Roma Italy
| | - Daniele Canestrelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science Università degli Studi della Tuscia Viterbo Italy
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46
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Sajeela KA, Gopalakrishnan A, Basheer VS, Mandal A, Bineesh KK, Grinson G, Gopakumar SD. New insights from nuclear and mitochondrial markers on the genetic diversity and structure of the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus among the marginal seas in the Indian Ocean. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 136:53-64. [PMID: 30954588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation in wild stocks of a major commercial shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus, from the marginal seas in the Indian Ocean was analysed using polymorphic microsatellite loci and mitochondrial COI gene. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.44 ± 0.02) and the expected heterozygosity (He = 0.73 ± 0.01) were high across loci and populations indicating high microsatellite variation. Pairwise FST and Bayesian clustering indicated the occurrence of four genetically distinct stocks out of the eight sampled populations with implications for specific management approaches. Mantel test for isolation by distance proved that genetic differentiation is not related to geographic distance between populations. Mitochondrial COI sequence analysis showed concordant differentiation pattern as well indicated the relevance of COI in population genetics of shrimps. Pairwise ɸST and phylogenetic and Bayesian analyses revealed four distinct clades, as observed with nuclear markers. Divergence time analysis revealed the origin and initial divergence of F. indicus corresponds to late Miocene and divergence to phylogroups in the Pleistocene. BSP analysis presented a long stable population size with a slight decrease in the late Pleistocene and gradually expanded to the current status. The information here will be useful in commercial shrimp breeding and selection programmes and management of natural stocks of Indian white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Sajeela
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi 682 018, Kerala, India.
| | - A Gopalakrishnan
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi 682 018, Kerala, India
| | - V S Basheer
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources (PMFGR) Centre-NBFGR, CMFRI, Kochi 682 018, Kerala, India
| | - A Mandal
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture (RGCA), Sirkali 609 113, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K K Bineesh
- Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Haddo, Port Blair 744 102, India
| | - G Grinson
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi 682 018, Kerala, India
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47
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Cross-continental phylogeography of two Holarctic Nymphalid butterflies, Boloria eunomia and Boloria selene. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214483. [PMID: 30913279 PMCID: PMC6435151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleistocene glaciations had significant effects on the distribution and evolution of species inhabiting the Holarctic region. Phylogeographic studies concerning the entire region are still rare. Here, we compared global phylogeographic patterns of one boreo-montane and one boreo-temperate butterflies with largely overlapping distribution ranges across the Northern Hemisphere, but with different levels of range fragmentation and food specialization. We reconstructed the global phylogeographic history of the boreo-montane specialist Boloria eunomia (n = 223) and of the boreo-temperate generalist Boloria selene (n = 106) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers, and with species distribution modelling (SDM). According to the genetic structures obtained, both species show a Siberian origin and considerable split among populations from Nearctic and Palaearctic regions. According to SDMs and molecular data, both butterflies could inhabit vast areas during the moderate glacials. In the case of B. selene, high haplotype diversity and low geographic structure suggest long-lasting interconnected gene flow among populations. A stronger geographic structuring between populations was identified in the specialist B. eunomia, presumably due to the less widespread, heterogeneously distributed food resources, associated with cooler and more humid climatic conditions. Populations of both species show opposite patterns across major parts of North America and in the case of B. eunomia also across Asia. Our data underline the relevance to cover entire distribution ranges to reconstruct the correct phylogeographic history of species.
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Juste J, Ruedi M, Puechmaille SJ, Salicini I, Ibáñez C. Two New Cryptic Bat Species within the Myotis nattereri Species Complex (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) from the Western Palaearctic. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2018.20.2.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Juste
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Ruedi
- Natural History Museum of Geneva, P.O. Box, 6334, 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland
| | | | - Irene Salicini
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Ibáñez
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Qiao L, Wen G, Qi Y, Lu B, Hu J, Song Z, Fu J. Evolutionary melting pots and reproductive isolation: A ring-shaped diversification of an odorous frog (Odorrana margaratea
) around the Sichuan Basin. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4888-4900. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qiao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Guannan Wen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yin Qi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Bin Lu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Junhua Hu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Zhaobin Song
- College of Life Sciences; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Jinzhong Fu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan China
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada
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Iannella M, D'Alessandro P, Biondi M. Evidences for a shared history for spectacled salamanders, haplotypes and climate. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16507. [PMID: 30405202 PMCID: PMC6220306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The so-called glacial refugia, formed during the Pleistocene climatic oscillations, played a major role in shaping the distribution of European species, triggering migrations or isolating populations. Many of these events were recently investigated by genetic data, mainly for the European Last Glacial stage, in the Iberic, Italian and Greek-Balkan peninsulas. The amphibian genus Salamandrina, the most ancient living salamandrid lineage, was widespread in Europe until the climatic oscillations of Miocene probably forced it to shelter in the only suitable territory at that time, the Apennines. Nowadays this genus is endemic of peninsular Italy with two parapatric species, S. perspicillata and S. terdigitata, sharing an area of secondary contact formed after the Last Glacial Maximum. Climate is generally identified as the key factor for the interpretation of genetic data. In this research, we directly measure climate influences on the two Salamandrina known species through Ensemble Modelling techniques and post-modelling GIS analyses, integrating updated genetic data in this process. Our results confirm the hypotheses of southwards (and subsequent northwards) shifts, identify glacial refugia and corridors used for the post-glacial re-colonization. Finally, we map a contact zone deserving more sampling effort to disentangle the introgression and hybridization observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Iannella
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Health, Life, and Environmental Sciences, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy.
| | - Paola D'Alessandro
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Health, Life, and Environmental Sciences, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Maurizio Biondi
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Health, Life, and Environmental Sciences, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
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