1
|
Golding MAJ, Noble SAA, Khouri NK, Layne-Yarde RNA, Ali I, Sandiford SL. Natural vertical transmission of dengue virus in Latin America and the Caribbean: highlighting its detection limitations and potential significance. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:442. [PMID: 38017450 PMCID: PMC10685567 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue continues to be a major public health concern in Latin America and the Caribbean with many countries in the region having experienced drastic increases in the incidence of dengue over the past few years. Dengue virus is predominantly transmitted by the bite of an infected female Aedes aegypti mosquito via a process called horizontal transmission. However, the virus may also be transmitted from an infected female mosquito to her offspring by vertical transmission, which occurs via viral invasion of the ovary either at the time of fertilization or during oviposition. In this way, mosquitoes may become dengue virus infected before ever encountering a human host. While some researchers have reported this phenomenon and suggested it may serve as a reservoir for the dengue virus in nature, others have questioned its epidemiological significance because of the low frequency at which it has been observed. Several researchers have either altogether failed to detect it or observed its occurrence at low frequencies. However, some studies have attributed these failures to small sample sizes as well as poor sensitivities of screening methods employed. Therefore, an overview of the occurrence, significance and limitations of detection of vertical transmission of dengue virus in Aedes mosquitoes in nature within Latin America and the Caribbean will be the focus of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario A J Golding
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Pharmacology and Pharmacy Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Simmoy A A Noble
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Nadia K Khouri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Pharmacology and Pharmacy Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Rhaheem N A Layne-Yarde
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Pharmacology and Pharmacy Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Inshan Ali
- College of Health and Wellness, Department of Health Sciences, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL, 33161, USA
- Microbiology Laboratory, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL, 33021, USA
| | - Simone L Sandiford
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Pharmacology and Pharmacy Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
- Mosquito Control and Research Unit, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Damasceno-Caldeira R, Nunes-Neto JP, Aragão CF, Freitas MNO, Ferreira MS, Castro PHGD, Dias DD, Araújo PADS, Brandão RCF, Nunes BTD, Silva EVPD, Martins LC, Vasconcelos PFDC, Cruz ACR. Vector Competence of Aedes albopictus for Yellow Fever Virus: Risk of Reemergence of Urban Yellow Fever in Brazil. Viruses 2023; 15:v15041019. [PMID: 37112999 PMCID: PMC10146658 DOI: 10.3390/v15041019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of the emergence and reemergence of zoonoses is high in regions that are under the strong influence of anthropogenic actions, as they contribute to the risk of vector disease transmission. Yellow fever (YF) is among the main pathogenic arboviral diseases in the world, and the Culicidae Aedes albopictus has been proposed as having the potential to transmit the yellow fever virus (YFV). This mosquito inhabits both urban and wild environments, and under experimental conditions, it has been shown to be susceptible to infection by YFV. In this study, the vector competence of the mosquito Ae. albopictus for the YFV was investigated. Female Ae. albopictus were exposed to non-human primates (NHP) of the genus Callithrix infected with YFV via a needle inoculation. Subsequently, on the 14th and 21st days post-infection, the legs, heads, thorax/abdomen and saliva of the arthropods were collected and analyzed by viral isolation and molecular analysis techniques to verify the infection, dissemination and transmission. The presence of YFV was detected in the saliva samples through viral isolation and in the head, thorax/abdomen and legs both by viral isolation and by molecular detection. The susceptibility of Ae. albopictus to YFV confers a potential risk of reemergence of urban YF in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossela Damasceno-Caldeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Pinto Nunes-Neto
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Carine Fortes Aragão
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Nazaré Oliveira Freitas
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Milene Silveira Ferreira
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Gomes de Castro
- Centro Nacional de Primatas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Daniel Damous Dias
- Programa de Pós'Graduação em Biologia Parasitária da Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | - Pedro Arthur da Silva Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Roberto Carlos Feitosa Brandão
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Bruno Tardelli Diniz Nunes
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carício Martins
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós'Graduação em Biologia Parasitária da Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós'Graduação em Biologia Parasitária da Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kaavya K, Tharakan J, Joshi CO, Aneesh EM. Role of vertically transmitted viral and bacterial endosymbionts of Aedes mosquitoes. Does Paratransgenesis influence vector-borne disease control? Symbiosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
4
|
Piedra LA, Martinez LC, Ruiz A, Vazquez JR, Guzman MG, Rey J, Bisset JA. First Record of Natural Transovarial Transmission of Dengue Virus in Aedes albopictus from Cuba. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 106:582-584. [PMID: 34749310 PMCID: PMC8832932 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transovarial transmission (TOT) of dengue virus (DENV) in Aedes spp. is an important mechanism for DENV maintenance in nature and may be important in initiating outbreaks. The objective of this study was to explore the occurrence of TOT in wild Aedes albopictus populations in Cuba. Mosquito larvae were collected in Cotorro municipality, Havana, Cuba, and identified to species. Fifteen pools of Ae. albopictus each containing 30 larvae were processed for DENV detection by using conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested PCR. Four out of 15 pools processed were positive for DENV-3, but no other DENV serotype was detected. This is the first time TOT of DENV detected in Cuban field populations of Ae. albopictus, and this suggests that this species may be an important vector of DENV in Cuba.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Augusto Piedra
- Vector Control Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kourí,” Havana, Cuba;,Address correspondence to Luis Augusto Piedra, Vector Control Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kourí,” Avenida Novia del Mediodia, KM 6 1/2, La Lisa, La Habana, 11400, Cuba. E-mail:
| | - Liss Claudia Martinez
- Vector Control Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kourí,” Havana, Cuba
| | - Armando Ruiz
- Vector Control Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kourí,” Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Jorge Rey
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Juan Andres Bisset
- Vector Control Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kourí,” Havana, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Garcia-Rejon JE, Navarro JC, Cigarroa-Toledo N, Baak-Baak CM. An Updated Review of the Invasive Aedes albopictus in the Americas; Geographical Distribution, Host Feeding Patterns, Arbovirus Infection, and the Potential for Vertical Transmission of Dengue Virus. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12110967. [PMID: 34821768 PMCID: PMC8621292 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Currently, the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus Skuse is present on all continents except Antarctica. Efficiency as a vector of Ae. albopictus is different by geographic region. In areas where Aedes aegypti is absent, the Asian mosquito is the main vector of arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. In the Americas, Ae. albopictus occupies the same ecological niches as Ae. aegypti. It is difficult to incriminate the Asian mosquito as the cause of autochthonous arbovirus outbreaks. However, evidence suggests that Ae. albopictus is very effective in transmitting endemic arboviruses (such as dengue) both horizontal and vertical transmission. Aedes albopictus could be useful as a sentinel species to monitor dengue virus in interepidemic periods. Abstract Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus is a mosquito native to Southeast Asia. Currently, it has a wide distribution in America, where natural infection with arboviruses of medical and veterinary importance has been reported. In spite of their importance in the transmission of endemic arbovirus, the basic information of parameters affecting their vectorial capacity is poorly investigated. The aim of the work was to update the distribution range of Ae. albopictus in the Americas, review the blood-feeding patterns, and compare the minimum infection rate (MIR) of the Dengue virus (DENV) between studies of vertical and horizontal transmission. The current distribution of Ae. albopictus encompasses 21 countries in the Americas. An extensive review has been conducted for the blood-feeding patterns of Ae. albopictus. The results suggest that the mosquito is capable of feeding on 16 species of mammals and five species of avian. Humans, dogs, and rats are the most common hosts. Eight arboviruses with the potential to infect humans and animals have been isolated in Ae. albopictus. In the United States of America (USA), Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Keystone virus, La Crosse Virus, West Nile virus, and Cache Valley virus were isolated in the Asian mosquito. In Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, and Costa Rica, DENV (all serotypes) has been frequently identified in field-caught Ae. albopictus. Overall, the estimated MIR in Ae. albopictus infected with DENV is similar between horizontal (10.95) and vertical transmission (8.28). However, in vertical transmission, there is a difference in the MIR values if the DENV is identified from larvae or adults (males and females emerged from a collection of eggs or larvae). MIR estimated from larvae is 14.04 and MIR estimated in adults is 4.04. In conclusion, it has to be highlighted that Ae. albopictus is an invasive mosquito with wide phenotypic plasticity to adapt to broad and new areas, it is highly efficient to transmit the DENV horizontally and vertically, it can participate in the inter-endemic transmission of the dengue disease, and it can spread zoonotic arboviruses across forest and urban settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian E. Garcia-Rejon
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida 97069, Yucatan, Mexico;
| | - Juan-Carlos Navarro
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes, Desatendidas, Ecopidemiología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito 170107, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (J.-C.N.); (C.M.B.-B.)
| | - Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida 97069, Yucatan, Mexico;
| | - Carlos M. Baak-Baak
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida 97069, Yucatan, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.-C.N.); (C.M.B.-B.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Segura NA, Muñoz AL, Losada-Barragán M, Torres O, Rodríguez AK, Rangel H, Bello F. Minireview: Epidemiological impact of arboviral diseases in Latin American countries, arbovirus-vector interactions and control strategies. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6354781. [PMID: 34410378 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are the most crucial insects in public health due to their vector capacity and competence to transmit pathogens, including arboviruses, bacterias and parasites. Re-emerging and emerging arboviral diseases, such as yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DENV), zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), constitute one of the most critical health public concerns in Latin America. These diseases present a significant incidence within the human settlements increasing morbidity and mortality events. Likewise, among the different genus of mosquito vectors of arboviruses, those of the most significant medical importance corresponds to Aedes and Culex. In Latin America, the mosquito vector species of YFV, DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV are mainly Aedes aegypti and Ae. Albopictus. Ae. aegypti is recognized as the primary vector in urban environments, whereas Ae. albopictus, recently introduced in the Americas, is more prone to rural settings. This minireview focuses on what is known about the epidemiological impact of mosquito-borne diseases in Latin American countries, with particular emphasis on YFV, DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV, vector mosquitoes, geographic distribution, and vector-arbovirus interactions. Besides, it was analyzed how climate change and social factors have influenced the spread of arboviruses and the control strategies developed against mosquitoes in this continent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidya A Segura
- Faculty of Science, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | - Ana L Muñoz
- PhD Program of Health Science, Universidad Antonio Nariño (UAN), Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | | | - Orlando Torres
- Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Antonio Nariño (UAN), Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Anny K Rodríguez
- Faculty of Science, Universidad Antonio Nariño (UAN), Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Héctor Rangel
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas 1204, Venezuela
| | - Felio Bello
- Faculty of Agricultural and Livestock Sciences, Program of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá 110141, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chaves A, Piche-Ovares M, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, Corrales-Aguilar E, Suzán G, Moreira-Soto A, Gutiérrez-Espeleta GA. Serosurvey of Nonhuman Primates in Costa Rica at the Human-Wildlife Interface Reveals High Exposure to Flaviviruses. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12060554. [PMID: 34203687 PMCID: PMC8232092 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The presence of flavivirus-specific antibodies in neotropical non-human primates (NPs) (i.e., dengue virus) is well known. However, it is unclear if dengue virus or other flaviviruses could be maintained in sylvatic cycles. We detected the presence of antibodies against dengue virus (DENV-1, DENV-2), Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and several undetermined flaviviruses in NPs in Costa Rica. Our work suggests continuous exposure of NPs to several flaviviruses in Costa Rica. These findings open the question of whether bidirectional transmission between humans and non-human primates can occur due to human encroachment into NP habitats, the movement of NP into urban settings, or bridging vectors. Abstract Arthropod-borne viruses belonging to the flavivirus genus possess an enormous relevance in public health. Neotropical non-human primates (NPs) have been proposed to be susceptible to flavivirus infections due to their arboreal and diurnal habits, their genetic similarity to humans, and their relative closeness to humans. However, the only known flavivirus in the American continent maintained by sylvatic cycles involving NPs is yellow fever virus (YFV), and NPs’ role as potential hosts of other flaviviruses is still unknown. Here, we examined flavivirus exposure in 86 serum samples including 83.7% samples from free-range and 16.3% from captive NPs living in flavivirus-endemic regions of Costa Rica. Serum samples were opportunistically collected throughout Costa Rica in 2000–2015. We used a highly specific micro-plaque reduction neutralization test (micro-PRNT) to determine the presence of antibodies against YFV, dengue virus 1–4 (DENV), Zika virus, West Nile virus (WNV), and Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). We found evidence of seropositive NPs with homotypic reactivity to SLEV 11.6% (10/86), DENV 10.5% (9/86), and WNV 2.3% (2/86). Heterotypic reactivity was determined in 3.5% (3/86) of individuals against DENV, 1.2% (1/86) against SLEV, and 1.2% (1/86) against WNV. We found that 13.9% (12/86) of NPs were positive for an undetermined flavivirus species. No antibodies against DENV-3, DENV-4, YFV, or ZIKV were found. This work provides compelling serological evidence of flavivirus exposure in Costa Rican NPs, in particular to DENV, SLEV, and WNV. The range of years of sampling and the region from where positives were detected coincide with those in which peaks of DENV in human populations were registered, suggesting bidirectional exposure due to human–wildlife contact or bridging vectors. Our work suggests the continuous exposure of wildlife populations to various flaviviruses of public health importance and underscores the necessity of further surveillance of flaviviruses at the human–wildlife interface in Central America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chaves
- School of Biology, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica;
- Department of Ethology, Wildlife and Laboratory Animals, School of Veterinary and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad #3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
| | - Martha Piche-Ovares
- Virology-CIET (Center of Research in Tropical Diseases), University of Costa Rica, San José 2060-1000, Costa Rica; (M.P.-O.); (E.C.-A.); (A.M.-S.)
| | | | - Eugenia Corrales-Aguilar
- Virology-CIET (Center of Research in Tropical Diseases), University of Costa Rica, San José 2060-1000, Costa Rica; (M.P.-O.); (E.C.-A.); (A.M.-S.)
| | - Gerardo Suzán
- Department of Ethology, Wildlife and Laboratory Animals, School of Veterinary and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad #3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Andres Moreira-Soto
- Virology-CIET (Center of Research in Tropical Diseases), University of Costa Rica, San José 2060-1000, Costa Rica; (M.P.-O.); (E.C.-A.); (A.M.-S.)
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10098 Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aliaga-Samanez A, Cobos-Mayo M, Real R, Segura M, Romero D, Fa JE, Olivero J. Worldwide dynamic biogeography of zoonotic and anthroponotic dengue. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009496. [PMID: 34097704 PMCID: PMC8211191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes. The rapid spread of dengue could lead to a global pandemic, and so the geographical extent of this spread needs to be assessed and predicted. There are also reasons to suggest that transmission of dengue from non-human primates in tropical forest cycles is being underestimated. We investigate the fine-scale geographic changes in transmission risk since the late 20th century, and take into account for the first time the potential role that primate biogeography and sylvatic vectors play in increasing the disease transmission risk. We apply a biogeographic framework to the most recent global dataset of dengue cases. Temporally stratified models describing favorable areas for vector presence and for disease transmission are combined. Our models were validated for predictive capacity, and point to a significant broadening of vector presence in tropical and non-tropical areas globally. We show that dengue transmission is likely to spread to affected areas in China, Papua New Guinea, Australia, USA, Colombia, Venezuela, Madagascar, as well as to cities in Europe and Japan. These models also suggest that dengue transmission is likely to spread to regions where there are presently no or very few reports of occurrence. According to our results, sylvatic dengue cycles account for a small percentage of the global extent of the human case record, but could be increasing in relevance in Asia, Africa, and South America. The spatial distribution of factors favoring transmission risk in different regions of the world allows for distinct management strategies to be prepared. The rate of disease emergence is increasing globally, and many long-existing diseases are extending their distribution ranges. This is the case for dengue, a global pandemic whose mosquito vectors are currently occupying ever-increasing numbers of regions worldwide. We updated the most complete global dataset of dengue cases available, and addressed the fine-scale analysis of the geographic changes experienced in dengue-transmission risk since the late 20th century. Our approach is the first to take into account the potential role of primates and sylvatic vectors in increasing the disease transmission risk in tropical forests. We built models that describe the favorable areas for vector presence and for disease occurrence, and combined them in order to obtain a novel model for predicting transmission risk. We show that dengue transmission is likely to spread to affected areas in Asia, Africa, North and South America, and Oceania, and to regions with presently no or very few cases, including cities in Europe and Japan. The global contribution of sylvatic dengue cycles is small but meaningful. Our methodological approach can differentiate the factors favoring risk in different world regions, thus allowing for management strategies to be prepared specifically for each of these regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Aliaga-Samanez
- Grupo de Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Marina Cobos-Mayo
- Grupo de Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raimundo Real
- Grupo de Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto IBYDA, Centro de Experimentación Grice-Hutchinson, Málaga, Spain
| | - Marina Segura
- Centro de Vacunación Internacional de Málaga, Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social, Málaga, Spain
| | - David Romero
- Grupo de Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Sustentable y Gestión Ambiental del Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Julia E. Fa
- Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), CIFOR Headquarters, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Jesús Olivero
- Grupo de Biogeografía, Diversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto IBYDA, Centro de Experimentación Grice-Hutchinson, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Echeverry-Cárdenas E, López-Castañeda C, Carvajal-Castro JD, Aguirre-Obando OA. Potential geographic distribution of the tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (Diptera: Culicidae) in current and future conditions for Colombia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0008212. [PMID: 33974620 PMCID: PMC8112644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In Colombia, little is known on the distribution of the Asian mosquito Aedes albopictus, main vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika in Asia and Oceania. Therefore, this work sought to estimate its current and future potential geographic distribution under the Representative Concentration Paths (RCP) 2.6 and 8.5 emission scenarios by 2050 and 2070, using ecological niche models. For this, predictions were made in MaxEnt, employing occurrences of A. albopictus from their native area and South America and bioclimatic variables of these places. We found that, from their invasion of Colombia to the most recent years, A. albopictus is present in 47% of the country, in peri-urban (20%), rural (23%), and urban (57%) areas between 0 and 1800 m, with Antioquia and Valle del Cauca being the departments with most of the records. Our ecological niche modelling for the currently suggests that A. albopictus is distributed in 96% of the Colombian continental surface up to 3000 m (p < 0.001) putting at risk at least 48 million of people that could be infected by the arboviruses that this species transmits. Additionally, by 2050 and 2070, under RCP 2.6 scenario, its distribution could cover to nearly 90% of continental extension up to 3100 m (≈55 million of people at risk), while under RCP 8.5 scenario, it could decrease below 60% of continental extension, but expand upward to 3200 m (< 38 million of people at risk). These results suggest that, currently in Colombia, A. albopictus is found throughout the country and climate change could diminish eventually its area of distribution, but increase its altitudinal range. In Colombia, surveillance and vector control programs must focus their attention on this vector to avoid complications in the national public health setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Echeverry-Cárdenas
- Escuela de Investigación en Biomatemáticas, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Quindío, Colombia
- Programa de Biología, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Quindío, Colombia
| | | | - Juan D. Carvajal-Castro
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, United States of America
| | - Oscar Alexander Aguirre-Obando
- Escuela de Investigación en Biomatemáticas, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Quindío, Colombia
- Programa de Biología, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Quindío, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Using Data Mining and Network Analysis to Infer Arboviral Dynamics: The Case of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses Reported in Mexico. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050398. [PMID: 33946977 PMCID: PMC8146811 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Given the significant impact of mosquito-borne flaviviruses (MBFVs) on both human and animal health, predicting their dynamics and understanding their transmission cycle is of the utmost importance. Usually, predictions about the distribution of priority pathogens, such as Dengue, Yellow fever, West Nile Virus and St. Louis encephalitis, relate abiotic elements to simple biotic components, such as a single causal agent. Furthermore, focusing on single pathogens neglects the possibility of interactions and the existence of common elements in the transmission cycles of multiple pathogens. A necessary, but not sufficient, condition that a mosquito be a vector of a MBFV is that it co-occurs with hosts of the pathogen. We therefore use a recently developed modeling framework, based on co-occurrence data, to infer potential biotic interactions between those mosquito and mammal species which have previously been identified as vectors or confirmed positives of at least one of the considered MBFVs. We thus create models for predicting the relative importance of mosquito species as potential vectors for each pathogen, and also for all pathogens together, using the known vectors to validate the models. We infer that various mosquito species are likely to be significant vectors, even though they have not currently been identified as such, and are likely to harbor multiple pathogens, again validating the predictions with known results. Besides the above "niche-based" viewpoint we also consider an assemblage-based analysis, wherein we use a community-identification algorithm to identify those mosquito and/or mammal species that form assemblages by dint of their significant degree of co-occurrence. The most cohesive assemblage includes important primary vectors, such as A. aegypti, A. albopictus, C. quinquefasciatus, C. pipiens and mammals with abundant populations that are well-adapted to human environments, such as the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), peccary (Tayassu pecari), opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) and bats (Artibeus lituratus and Sturnira lilium). Our results suggest that this assemblage has an important role in the transmission dynamics of this viral group viewed as a complex multi-pathogen-vector-host system. By including biotic risk factors our approach also modifies the geographical risk profiles of the spatial distribution of MBFVs in Mexico relative to a consideration of only abiotic niche variables.
Collapse
|
11
|
Rijal KR, Adhikari B, Ghimire B, Dhungel B, Pyakurel UR, Shah P, Bastola A, Lekhak B, Banjara MR, Pandey BD, Parker DM, Ghimire P. Epidemiology of dengue virus infections in Nepal, 2006-2019. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:52. [PMID: 33858508 PMCID: PMC8047528 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is one of the newest emerging diseases in Nepal with increasing burden and geographic spread over the years. The main objective of this study was to explore the epidemiological patterns of dengue since its first outbreak (2006) to 2019 in Nepal. METHODS This study is a retrospective analysis that covers the last 14 years (2006-2019) of reported dengue cases from Epidemiology Diseases Control Division (EDCD), Ministry of Health and Population, Government of Nepal. Reported cases were plotted over time and maps of reported case incidence were generated (from 2016 through 2019). An ecological analysis of environmental predictors of case incidence was conducted using negative binomial regression. RESULTS While endemic dengue has been reported in Nepal since 2006, the case load has increased over time and in 2019 a total of 17 992 dengue cases were reported from 68 districts (from all seven provinces). Compared to the case incidence in 2016, incidence was approximately five times higher in 2018 [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 4.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-15.3] and over 140 times higher in 2019 (IRR: 141.6; 95% CI 45.8-438.4). A one standard deviation increase in elevation was associated with a 90% decrease in reported case incidence (IRR: 0.10; 95% CI 0.01-0.20). However, the association between elevation and reported cases varied across the years. In 2018 there was a cluster of cases reported from high elevation Kaski District of Gandaki Province. Our results suggest that dengue infections are increasing in magnitude and expanding out of the lowland areas to higher elevations over time. CONCLUSIONS There is a high risk of dengue outbreak in the lowland Terai region, with increasing spread towards the mid-mountains and beyond as seen over the last 14 years. Urgent measures are required to increase the availability of diagnostics and resources to mitigate future dengue epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Komal Raj Rijal
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Bipin Adhikari
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bindu Ghimire
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Binod Dhungel
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Uttam Raj Pyakurel
- Epidemiology and Diseases Control Division (EDCD), Department of Health Service, Ministry of Health and Population, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prakash Shah
- Epidemiology and Diseases Control Division (EDCD), Department of Health Service, Ministry of Health and Population, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Anup Bastola
- Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Binod Lekhak
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Megha Raj Banjara
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Basu Dev Pandey
- Epidemiology and Diseases Control Division (EDCD), Department of Health Service, Ministry of Health and Population, Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Prakash Ghimire
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Oviposition behavior of wild yellow fever vector mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in an Atlantic Forest fragment, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6081. [PMID: 33727688 PMCID: PMC7966363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are many studies on the control of mosquito vectors of the yellow fever virus (YFV) in tropical forests, there are still few ecological studies regarding abiotic factors effect on these mosquitoes. Here we characterize these effects on oviposition behavior, abundance, and diversity of mosquito vectors of YFV. The study was conducted in Córrego da Luz Municipal Park, in Casimiro de Abreu, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, from July 2018 to December 2019. Ovitraps were placed at ground level and 3 m high. The data were tested for normality using the Shapiro–Wilk test, followed by an independent sample analysis, the Mann–Whitney test. The Shannon Diversity Index was used to evaluate the abundance of mosquitos' eggs collected at both ground level and 3 m high. We highlight the presence of Haemagogus janthinomys and Hg. leucocelaenus, primary YFV vectors in forest areas. The abundance of Hg. leucocelaenus (63%), Hg. janthinomys (75%), and Aedes terrens (58%) was higher at the height of 3 m, while Ae. albopictus (52%) was higher at ground level. Aedes albopictus was positively correlated with temperature. Culicidae monitoring is essential for assessing the YFV transmission cycle in Atlantic forest fragments.
Collapse
|
13
|
Calderón A, Guzmán C, Oviedo-Socarras T, Mattar S, Rodríguez V, Castañeda V, Moraes Figueiredo LT. Two Cases of Natural Infection of Dengue-2 Virus in Bats in the Colombian Caribbean. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6010035. [PMID: 33809400 PMCID: PMC8005977 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease, is the most common vector-borne disease in tropical and subtropical areas. In this study, we aim to demonstrate biological evidence of dengue virus infection in bats. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the departments of Cordoba and Sucre, Colombia. A total of 286 bats were captured following the ethical protocols of animal experimentation. The specimens were identified and euthanized using a pharmacological treatment with atropine, acepromazine and sodium pentobarbital. Duplicate samples of brain, heart, lung, spleen, liver, and kidney were collected with one set stored in Trizol and the other stored in 10% buffered formalin for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis using polyclonal antibodies. Brain samples from lactating mice with an intracranial inoculation of DENV-2 were used as a positive control. As a negative control, lactating mouse brains without inoculation and bats brains negative for RT-PCR were included. Tissue sections from each specimen of bat without conjugate were used as staining control. In a specimen of Carollia perspicillata captured in Ayapel (Cordoba) and Phylostomus discolor captured in San Carlos (Cordoba), dengue virus was detected, and sequences were matched to DENV serotype 2. In bats RT-PCR positive for dengue, lesions compatible with viral infections, and the presence of antigens in tissues were observed. Molecular findings, pathological lesions, and detection of antigens in tissues could demonstrate viral DENV-2 replication and may correspond to natural infection in bats. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the exact role of these species in dengue epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Calderón
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production Husbandry, Institute for Biological Research in the Tropics (IIBT), University of Cordoba, Monteria 230002, Cordoba, Colombia;
| | - Camilo Guzmán
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Biological Research in the Tropics (IIBT), University of Cordoba, Monteria 230002, Cordoba, Colombia;
| | - Teresa Oviedo-Socarras
- Research Group on Tropical Animal Production (GIPAT), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production Husbandry, University of Cordoba, Monteria 230002, Cordoba, Colombia;
| | - Salim Mattar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production Husbandry, Institute for Biological Research in the Tropics (IIBT), University of Cordoba, Monteria 230002, Cordoba, Colombia;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Virginia Rodríguez
- Bacteriological Program, Microbiological and Biomedical Research Group of Cordoba (GIMBIC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cordoba, Monteria 230002, Cordoba, Colombia;
| | - Víctor Castañeda
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories Network, Colombian Agricultural Institute, Cerete 230550, Cordoba, Colombia;
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fontenille D, Cruaud A, Vial L, Garros C. Understanding the role of arthropod vectors in the emergence and spread of plant, animal and human diseases. A chronicle of epidemics foretold in South of France. C R Biol 2021; 343:311-344. [PMID: 33621458 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Southern France, like the rest of the world, is facing the emergence of diseases affecting plants, animals and humans, of which causative agents (viruses, parasites, bacteria) are transmitted by arthropod vectors. Global changes are accelerating the emergence and spread of these diseases. After presenting some examples related to vectors of yellow fever and dengue viruses (Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (Hyalomma marginatum), Bluetongue (Culicoides sp.), and the phytopathogen Xylella fastidiosa (Hemiptera spp.), we will discuss what are the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that make an arthropod a vector in a given place and at a given time. We also propose some thoughts regarding these emergences, possible scenarios for their evolution and some recommendations for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Fontenille
- MIVEGEC unit, Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), CNRS, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Astrid Cruaud
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Vial
- ASTRE unit, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Garros
- ASTRE unit, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Câmara DCP, Pinel CDS, Rocha GP, Codeço CT, Honório NA. Diversity of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) vectors in a heterogeneous landscape endemic for arboviruses. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105715. [PMID: 32971068 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Brazil and several countries in the Americas, where dengue, chikungunya and Zika are cocirculating, there is a need to understand how different mosquito species relate to landscape and humans. Mosquito ecology and distribution, especially at finer spatial scales, are key factors to study since the relationship of mosquito communities to their habitats might have important consequences in the risk of disease transmission to humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity of resident culicids along heterogeneous landscapes in different endemic cities for dengue, chikungunya and Zika. METHODS Fourteen collection sites were randomly selected in six landscapes characterized as urban, periurban and rural along two endemic metropolitan cities in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Itaboraí and Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro. In each site, adult mosquito collections were performed using different traps and backpack aspiration. Collections took place during the rainy and dry seasons of 2015 and 2016. To measure diversity in each landscape, we generated species accumulation curves and used different indexes: rarefied species richness, Chao1-bc and ACE-1. Mosquito habitat segregation along different land use types was measured with a partial canonical correspondence analysis (pCCA). Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were used to model the probability of occurrence of the most abundant species along an Urban-Forest gradient. RESULTS A total of 13,462 adult mosquitoes from 10 genera and 41 species were collected. The most abundant species were Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895). There was a significant association between rarefied species richness and landscape, with higher richness in the Rural landscape. The number of observed species was matched only in the Urban landscape. Most species showed segregation along an Urban-Forest gradient, and the great majority were associated with forested habitats. We were able to fit prediction models for six mosquito species. DISCUSSION The paper discusses the impact of human activities on landscape and its effects on mosquito populations, focusing on the segregation of different known vector species and their proximity to human altered environments. Most of these species are known arbovirus vectors and knowledge of their distribution are key elements that health authorities should take into account when planning arbovirus surveillance and vector control activities.
Collapse
|
16
|
Guth S, Hanley KA, Althouse BM, Boots M. Ecological processes underlying the emergence of novel enzootic cycles: Arboviruses in the neotropics as a case study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008338. [PMID: 32790670 PMCID: PMC7425862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens originating from wildlife (zoonoses) pose a significant public health burden, comprising the majority of emerging infectious diseases. Efforts to control and prevent zoonotic disease have traditionally focused on animal-to-human transmission, or "spillover." However, in the modern era, increasing international mobility and commerce facilitate the spread of infected humans, nonhuman animals (hereafter animals), and their products worldwide, thereby increasing the risk that zoonoses will be introduced to new geographic areas. Imported zoonoses can potentially "spill back" to infect local wildlife-a danger magnified by urbanization and other anthropogenic pressures that increase contacts between human and wildlife populations. In this way, humans can function as vectors, dispersing zoonoses from their ancestral enzootic systems to establish reservoirs elsewhere in novel animal host populations. Once established, these enzootic cycles are largely unassailable by standard control measures and have the potential to feed human epidemics. Understanding when and why translocated zoonoses establish novel enzootic cycles requires disentangling ecologically complex and stochastic interactions between the zoonosis, the human population, and the natural ecosystem. In this Review, we address this challenge by delineating potential ecological mechanisms affecting each stage of enzootic establishment-wildlife exposure, enzootic infection, and persistence-applying existing ecological concepts from epidemiology, invasion biology, and population ecology. We ground our discussion in the neotropics, where four arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of zoonotic origin-yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses-have separately been introduced into the human population. This paper is a step towards developing a framework for predicting and preventing novel enzootic cycles in the face of zoonotic translocations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Guth
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A. Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Benjamin M. Althouse
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
- Epidemiology, Institute for Disease Modeling, Bellevue, Washington, United States of America
- Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mike Boots
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Couto-Lima D, Andreazzi CS, Leite PJ, Bersot MIL, Alencar J, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Seasonal population dynamics of the primary yellow fever vector Haemagogus leucocelaenus (Dyar & Shannon) (Diptera: Culicidae) is mainly influenced by temperature in the Atlantic Forest, southeast Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e200218. [PMID: 32696917 PMCID: PMC7370926 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Southeast Brazil has recently experienced a Yellow Fever virus (YFV) outbreak where the mosquito Haemagogus leucocelaenus was a primary vector. Climatic factors influence the abundance of mosquito vectors and arbovirus transmission. OBJECTIVES We aimed at describing the population dynamics of Hg. leucocelaenus in a county touched by the recent YFV outbreak. METHODS Fortnightly egg collections with ovitraps were performed from November 2012 to February 2017 in a forest in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The effects of mean temperature and rainfall on the Hg. leucocelaenus population dynamics were explored. FINDINGS Hg. leucocelaenus eggs were continuously collected throughout the study, with a peak in the warmer months (December-March). The climatic variables had a time-lagged effect and four weeks before sampling was the best predictor for the positivity of ovitraps and total number of eggs collected. The probability of finding > 50% positive ovitraps increased when the mean temperature was above 24ºC. The number of Hg. leucocelaenus eggs expressively increase when the mean temperature and accumulated precipitation surpassed 27ºC and 100 mm, respectively, although the effect of rainfall was less pronounced. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Monitoring population dynamics of Hg. leucocelaenus and climatic factors in YFV risk areas, especially mean temperature, may assist in developing climate-based surveillance procedures to timely strengthening prophylaxis and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinair Couto-Lima
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cecilia S Andreazzi
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Maria Ignez Lima Bersot
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jeronimo Alencar
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Diptera, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Evidence of transovarial transmission of Chikungunya and Dengue viruses in field-caught mosquitoes in Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008362. [PMID: 32559197 PMCID: PMC7329127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are among the most important emerging pathogens due to their increasing public health impact. In Kenya, continued population growth and associated urbanization are conducive to vector spread in both urban and rural environments, yet mechanisms of viral amplification in vector populations is often overlooked when assessing risks for outbreaks. Thus, the characterization of local arbovirus circulation in mosquito populations is imperative to better inform risk assessments and vector control practices. Aedes species mosquitoes were captured at varying stages of their life cycle during different seasons between January 2014 and May 2016 at four distinct sites in Kenya, and tested for chikungunya (CHIKV), dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses by RT-PCR. CHIKV was detected in 45 (5.9%) and DENV in 3 (0.4%) mosquito pools. No ZIKV was detected. Significant regional variation in prevalence was observed, with greater frequency of CHIKV on the coast. DENV was detected exclusively on the coast. Both viruses were detected in immature mosquitoes of both sexes, providing evidence of transovarial transmission of these arboviruses in local mosquitoes. This phenomenon may be driving underlying viral maintenance that may largely contribute to periodic re-emergence among humans in Kenya. Transovarial transmission, or vertical transmission, is the spread of a pathogen from parent to offspring. It has been observed that some mosquito-borne viruses can be transmitted from female mosquitoes to their offspring during follicle development or during oviposition. The occurrence of transovarial transmission is evident in the presence of virally infected male mosquitoes, which typically do not take bloodmeals, and the presence of virus in immature mosquitoes of any sex. Transovarial transmission aids in the amplification of mosquito-borne viruses in the environment by increasing the number of infected mosquitoes in a given region, thus expanding the possibility of viral transmission to humans. The combination of transovarial transmission and the preservation of viable eggs during dry seasons may trigger sudden amplification of the virus after rainy periods, resulting in an outbreak. This study provides some of the first evidence of transovarial transmission of chikungunya and dengue viruses in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Africa during interepidemic periods, which has important implications for local virus persistence and epidemic patterns.
Collapse
|
19
|
de Azevedo TS, Lorenz C, Chiaravalloti-Neto F. Spatiotemporal evolution of dengue outbreaks in Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2020; 114:593-602. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Dengue is a mosquito-borne febrile disease infecting millions of people worldwide. Identification of high-risk areas will allow public health services to concentrate their efforts in areas where outbreaks are most likely to occur. The present study focuses on describing the spatiotemporal evolution of dengue outbreaks in Brazil from 2000 to 2018.
Method
To assess the pattern behaviour and spatiotemporal trend of dengue outbreaks, the non-parametric kernel estimator method and the Mann–Kendall test, respectively, were used. Bivariate global Moran's I statistic was used to test the spatial correlation between dengue outbreaks, temperature, precipitation and population data.
Results
Our results revealed that the transmission cycles of dengue outbreaks vary in different spatiotemporal scenarios, with intermittent periods of outbreaks. In the period of study, outbreak clusters were primarily concentrated in the Northeast region and the transmission of dengue extended throughout Brazil until 2018. The probability of occurrence of dengue outbreaks was higher in high temperatures. Further, these space-time fluctuations in the number of outbreaks in the different regions were probably related to the high mobility between the populations of these regions, circulating serotypes and susceptible populations.
Conclusions
The distribution of dengue outbreaks is not random; it can be modified by socioeconomic and climatic moving boundaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago S de Azevedo
- Secretary of Health, Municipality of Santa Barbara d'Oeste - Santa Bárbara d´Oeste, 13450-021, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Lorenz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo, 01246-904, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Asian tiger mosquito in Brazil: Observations on biology and ecological interactions since its first detection in 1986. Acta Trop 2020; 205:105386. [PMID: 32027837 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus is a mosquito originating from the Asian continent, which was detected in the Americas in 1985 and Brazil in 1986. Due to its rapid expansion throughout Brazil, this species has already been reported in 26 of the 27 federative units of Brazil. In this review, we evaluate some of the biological, epidemiological and ecological characteristics of Ae. albopictus through critical analysis of their importance in the pathogen transmission dynamics, since its first record in the country. We show that immature forms of this species are frequently found in artificial breeding sites whereas females exhibit anthropophilic behavior despite its eclecticism on blood feeding. In addition, Ae. albopictus shows advantages in interspecific competition with Ae. aegypti for both immature and adult stages. Taking together, these aspects as well as its vector competence indicate that Ae. albopictus could act as a bridge vector between sylvatic and urban pathogen transmission cycles. We conclude by pointing to the need of continuous surveillance of Ae. albopictus in Brazil and raise several questions that still need to be answered.
Collapse
|
21
|
Fontenille D, Powell JR. From Anonymous to Public Enemy: How Does a Mosquito Become a Feared Arbovirus Vector? Pathogens 2020; 9:E265. [PMID: 32260491 PMCID: PMC7238163 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The past few decades have seen the emergence of several worldwide arbovirus epidemics (chikungunya, Zika), the expansion or recrudescence of historical arboviruses (dengue, yellow fever), and the modification of the distribution area of major vector mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, raising questions about the risk of appearance of new vectors and new epidemics. In this opinion piece, we review the factors that led to the emergence of yellow fever in the Americas, define the conditions for a mosquito to become a vector, analyse the recent example of the new status of Aedes albopictus from neglected mosquito to major vector, and propose some scenarios for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Fontenille
- MIVEGEC unit, Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), CNRS, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Jeffrey R. Powell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511-8934, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ricas Rezende H, Malta Romano C, Morales Claro I, Santos Caleiro G, Cerdeira Sabino E, Felix AC, Bissoli J, Hill S, Rodrigues Faria N, Cardoso da Silva TC, Brioschi Santos AP, Cerutti Junior C, Vicente CR. First report of Aedes albopictus infected by Dengue and Zika virus in a rural outbreak in Brazil. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229847. [PMID: 32163449 PMCID: PMC7067471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses are reported as being transmitted exclusively by Aedes aegypti in urban settings. This study established the vectors and viruses involved in an arbovirus outbreak that occurred in 2019 in a rural area of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Mosquitoes collected were morphologically identified, sorted in samples, and submitted to molecular analysis for arboviruses detection. Phylogenetic reconstruction was performed for the viral sequence obtained. All 393 mosquitoes were identified as Aedes albopictus. DENV-1 genotype V was present in one sample and another sample was positive for ZIKV. The DENV-1 clustered with viruses that have circulated in previous years in large urban centers of different regions in Brazil. This is the first report of A. albopictus infected by DENV and ZIKV during an outbreak in a rural area in Brazil, indicating its involvement in arboviral transmission. The DENV-1 strain found in the A. albopictus was not new in Brazil, being involved previously in epidemics related to A. aegypti, suggesting the potential to A. albopictus in transmitting viruses already circulating in the Brazilian population. This finding also indicates the possibility of these viruses to disperse across urban and rural settings, imposing additional challenges for the control of the diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helder Ricas Rezende
- Núcleo de Entomologia e Malacologia, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Espírito Santo, Serra, Espírito Santo State, Brazil
| | - Camila Malta Romano
- Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP (LIM52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Ingra Morales Claro
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Giovana Santos Caleiro
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Alvina Clara Felix
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Bissoli
- Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Linhares, Linhares, Espírito Santo State, Brazil
| | - Sarah Hill
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Brioschi Santos
- Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil
| | - Crispim Cerutti Junior
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil
| | - Creuza Rachel Vicente
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ferreira-de-Lima VH, Andrade PDS, Thomazelli LM, Marrelli MT, Urbinatti PR, Almeida RMMDS, Lima-Camara TN. Silent circulation of dengue virus in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) resulting from natural vertical transmission. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3855. [PMID: 32123282 PMCID: PMC7052239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical transmission in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus is considered a maintenance mechanism for dengue virus (DENV) during unfavorable conditions and may be implicated in dengue outbreaks. Since DENV infection dynamics vary among wild-type viruses and vector populations, vertical transmission rates can also vary between regions. However, even though São Paulo is the most populous city in the Americas and has experienced major dengue epidemics, natural vertical transmission had never been detected in this area before. Here we confirm and describe for the first time natural vertical transmission of DENV-3 in two pools of male Ae. albopictus from the city of São Paulo. The detection of DENV-3 in years when no human autochthonous cases of this serotype were recorded suggests that silent circulation of DENV-3 is occurring and indicates that green areas may be maintaining serotypes that are not circulating in the human population, possibly by a vertical transmission mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Henrique Ferreira-de-Lima
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Jardim América, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Dos Santos Andrade
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Luciano Matsumiya Thomazelli
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology (LVCM), Institute of Biomedical Sciences II, University of São Paulo. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro Toledo Marrelli
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Urbinatti
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Marques de Sá Almeida
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Tamara Nunes Lima-Camara
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Barreto E, Resende MC, Eiras AE, Demarco Júnior PC. Avaliação da armadilha ovitrampa iscada com atraente natural para o monitoramento de Aedes spp. em Dili, capital do Timor-Leste. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:665-672. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020252.12512018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
25
|
Aragão CF, Pinheiro VCS, Nunes Neto JP, da Silva EVP, Pereira GJG, do Nascimento BLS, Castro KDS, Maia AM, Catete CP, Martins LC, Tadei WP, da Silva SP, Cruz ACR. Natural Infection of Aedes aegypti by Chikungunya and Dengue type 2 Virus in a Transition Area of North-Northeast Brazil. Viruses 2019; 11:E1126. [PMID: 31817553 PMCID: PMC6949906 DOI: 10.3390/v11121126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika are diseases caused by viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. In Brazil, the number of human infections is high, but few studies are performed in mosquito vectors. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya viruses in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from the municipalities of Alto Alegre, Caxias, Codó, and São Mateus do Maranhão, located in the state of Maranhão, Northeast Brazil. The mosquitoes were collected with a mechanical aspirator, identified, triturated, and then submitted to RNA extraction and RT-qPCR. The positive samples were confirmed by virus isolation and genome sequencing. Three hundred and forty-eight Ae. aegypti (176 males and 172 females) and 12 Ae. albopictus (eight males and four females) were collected and tested. Ae. aegypti was the only vector positive in two municipalities-Codó, with detection of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belonging to the East-Central-South African genotype, and in Caxias, with detection of Dengue virus (DENV)-2 belonging to the Asian/American genotype. The detection of CHIKV and DENV-2 is evidence that those viruses are maintained in arthropod vectors, and shows the epidemiological risk in the area for chikungunya cases and a possible increase of severe dengue cases, associated with the occurrence of dengue hemorrhagic fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carine Fortes Aragão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia dos Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Valéria Cristina Soares Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, MA 65604-380, Brazil;
| | - Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (J.P.N.N.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (G.J.G.P.); (B.L.S.d.N.); (L.C.M.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (J.P.N.N.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (G.J.G.P.); (B.L.S.d.N.); (L.C.M.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Glennda Juscely Galvão Pereira
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (J.P.N.N.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (G.J.G.P.); (B.L.S.d.N.); (L.C.M.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Bruna Laís Sena do Nascimento
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (J.P.N.N.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (G.J.G.P.); (B.L.S.d.N.); (L.C.M.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Karoline da Silva Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA 66087-670, Brazil; (K.d.S.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Ariadne Mendonça Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA 66087-670, Brazil; (K.d.S.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Clistenes Pamplona Catete
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil;
| | - Lívia Carício Martins
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (J.P.N.N.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (G.J.G.P.); (B.L.S.d.N.); (L.C.M.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Wanderli Pedro Tadei
- Laboratório de Malária e Dengue, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, CEP 69060-001, Manaus - AM, Brazil;
| | - Sandro Patroca da Silva
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (J.P.N.N.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (G.J.G.P.); (B.L.S.d.N.); (L.C.M.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (J.P.N.N.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (G.J.G.P.); (B.L.S.d.N.); (L.C.M.); (S.P.d.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Arboviruses infecting people primarily exist in urban transmission cycles involving urban mosquitoes in densely populated tropical regions. For dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses, sylvatic (forest) transmission cycles also exist in some regions and involve non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquitoes. Here we review the investigation methods and available data on sylvatic cycles involving non-human primates and dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses in Africa, dengue viruses in Asia and yellow fever virus in the Americas. We also present current putative data that Mayaro, o'nyong'nyong, Oropouche, Spondweni and Lumbo viruses exist in sylvatic cycles.
Collapse
|
27
|
Childs ML, Nova N, Colvin J, Mordecai EA. Mosquito and primate ecology predict human risk of yellow fever virus spillover in Brazil. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180335. [PMID: 31401964 PMCID: PMC6711306 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Many (re)emerging infectious diseases in humans arise from pathogen spillover from wildlife or livestock, and accurately predicting pathogen spillover is an important public health goal. In the Americas, yellow fever in humans primarily occurs following spillover from non-human primates via mosquitoes. Predicting yellow fever spillover can improve public health responses through vector control and mass vaccination. Here, we develop and test a mechanistic model of pathogen spillover to predict human risk for yellow fever in Brazil. This environmental risk model, based on the ecology of mosquito vectors and non-human primate hosts, distinguished municipality-months with yellow fever spillover from 2001 to 2016 with high accuracy (AUC = 0.72). Incorporating hypothesized cyclical dynamics of infected primates improved accuracy (AUC = 0.79). Using boosted regression trees to identify gaps in the mechanistic model, we found that important predictors include current and one-month lagged environmental risk, vaccine coverage, population density, temperature and precipitation. More broadly, we show that for a widespread human viral pathogen, the ecological interactions between environment, vectors, reservoir hosts and humans can predict spillover with surprising accuracy, suggesting the potential to improve preventive action to reduce yellow fever spillover and avert onward epidemics in humans. This article is part of the theme issue 'Dynamic and integrative approaches to understanding pathogen spillover'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L. Childs
- Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicole Nova
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Justine Colvin
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erin A. Mordecai
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Turell MJ, Gozalo AS, Guevara C, Schoeler GB, Carbajal F, López-Sifuentes VM, Watts DM. Lack of Evidence of Sylvatic Transmission of Dengue Viruses in the Amazon Rainforest Near Iquitos, Peru. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:685-689. [PMID: 30964397 PMCID: PMC6716187 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENV) are currently responsible for more human morbidity and mortality than any other known arbovirus, and all four DENV are known to exist in sylvatic cycles that might allow these viruses to persist if the urban (Aedes aegypti) cycle could be controlled. To determine whether DENV were being maintained in a sylvatic cycle in a forested area about 14 km southwest of Iquitos, Peru, a city in which all 4 serotypes of DENV circulate, we placed 20 DENV seronegative Aotus monkeys in cages either in the canopy or near ground level for a total of 125.6 months. Despite capturing >66,000 mosquitoes in traps that collected some of the mosquitoes attracted to these monkeys, blood samples obtained once a month from each animal were tested and found to be negative by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgM and IgG antibodies to dengue, yellow fever, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Oropouche, and Mayaro viruses. Although all four DENV serotypes were endemic in nearby Iquitos, the findings of this study did not support a DENV sylvatic maintenance and transmission cycle in a selected area of the Amazon rainforest in northeastern Peru.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Turell
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Alfonso S. Gozalo
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru
| | - Carolina Guevara
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru
| | - George B. Schoeler
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru
| | - Faustino Carbajal
- Department of Entomology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru
| | | | - Douglas M. Watts
- Department of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Figueiredo LTM. Human Urban Arboviruses Can Infect Wild Animals and Jump to Sylvatic Maintenance Cycles in South America. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:259. [PMID: 31380302 PMCID: PMC6653809 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study shows that the most prominent human arboviruses worldwide (dengue viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4, Chikungunya virus, and Zika virus) can infect wild animals and transfer from urban to sylvatic maintenance cycles in South America, as did the yellow fever virus (YFV) in the past. All these viruses are transmitted by the anthropophilic mosquito Aedes aegypti and cause epidemics throughout Brazil. The YFV is the oldest example of an urban arbovirus that became sylvatic in South America. Currently, the disease is a zoonosis of non-human primates that moves like a wave through the forests of the Brazilian countryside, traveling thousands of kilometers, killing many animals and eventually infecting man. However, since 2016, this zoonotic wave has reached the highly populated areas of Southeast Brazil, producing the largest human outbreak in the past 60 years. As with the YFV, sylvatic cycles may occur with dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika. In order to become sylvatic, arboviruses require an apparently unlikely conjunction of factors to unexpectedly take place. These arboviruses could start to infect sylvatic primates and be transmitted by Haemagogus mosquitoes that inhabit tree canopies. We mention here publications reporting evidence of sylvatic cycles of dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika virus in South America. Indeed, it is almost unfeasible to control these cycles of arboviruses since it is impossible to know where, when or why an arboviral spill-over would occur in wild animals. The sylvatic maintenance cycle could preclude the eradication of an arbovirus. Moreover, an arbovirus in a sylvatic cycle could re-emerge anytime, infecting humans and producing outbreaks. In case of the reemergence of an arbovirus, it is crucial to prevent the occurrence of an urban cycle as a spill-back from the sylvatic cycle.
Collapse
|
30
|
Calderón A, Guzmán C, Mattar S, Rodriguez V, Martínez C, Violet L, Martínez J, Figueiredo LTM. Dengue Virus in Bats from Córdoba and Sucre, Colombia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:747-751. [PMID: 31211661 PMCID: PMC6765209 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural infection of dengue virus (DENV) in bats is an unexplored field in Colombia. To detect the presence of DENV in bats, a descriptive prospective study using a nonprobabilistic sampling was carried out; 286 bats in 12 sites were caught. Sample tissues of different animals were obtained; the RNA was obtained from tissues and a nested-RT-PCR was carried out and detected amplicons of 143 fragment of the NS5 gene were sequenced by the Sanger method. In nonhematophagous bats Carollia perspicillata and Phyllostomus discolor captured in Ayapel and San Carlos (Córdoba), respectively, an amplicon corresponding to NS5 was detected. The amplicons showed a high similarity with serotype-2 dengue virus (DENV-2). This is the first evidence of the DENV-2 genome in bats in from the Colombian Caribbean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Calderón
- Department of Bacterilogy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Córdoba, Montería, Colombia.,Doctorate in Tropical Medicine SUE-Caribe, University of Córdoba, Monteria, Colombia
| | - Camilo Guzmán
- Department of Bacterilogy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Córdoba, Montería, Colombia.,Doctorate in Tropical Medicine SUE-Caribe, University of Córdoba, Monteria, Colombia
| | - Salim Mattar
- Department of Bacterilogy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | - Virginia Rodriguez
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Caty Martínez
- Department of Bacterilogy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | - Lina Violet
- Department of Bacterilogy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | - Jairo Martínez
- Department of Bacterilogy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Catenacci LS, Nunes-Neto J, Deem SL, Palmer JL, Travassos-da Rosa ES, Tello JS. Diversity patterns of hematophagous insects in Atlantic forest fragments and human-modified areas of southern Bahia, Brazil. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2018; 43:293-304. [PMID: 30408294 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There have been several important outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases in the Neotropics in recent years, particularly in Brazil. Some taxa are also considered to be indicators of environmental health. Despite the importance of understanding insect abundance and distribution to the understanding of disease dynamics and design strategies to manage them, very little is known about their ecology in many tropical regions. We studied the abundance and diversity of mosquitoes and sand flies in the Bahia State of Brazil, a point of origin for arbovirus outbreaks, including Zika and Chikungunya fever. During 2009-2014, 51 mosquito taxa were identified, belonging to three dipteran families, Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae, and Psychodidae. The family Culicidae, including the Sabethini tribe, were the most abundant (81.5%) and most taxa-rich (n=45). While season (winter and summer) was a strong factor determinant of the occurrence of the most abundant taxa, the stratification level in the forest (ground or tree level) had a strong effect and the dominant taxa at ground level were completely different from the dominant species collected at tree level. We suggest that sites with a mix of forest and agroforestry systems support the highest biodiversity of hematophagous insects as compared to highly disturbed landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian S Catenacci
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Federal University of Piauí State/CPCE, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
- Division of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Anannindeua, PA, Brazil
- Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Centre for Research and Conservation, Antwerp, Belgium
- Saint Louis Zoo, Institute for Conservation Medicine, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A
| | - Joaquim Nunes-Neto
- Division of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Anannindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Sharon L Deem
- Saint Louis Zoo, Institute for Conservation Medicine, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A
| | - Jamie L Palmer
- Saint Louis Zoo, Institute for Conservation Medicine, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A
| | | | - J Sebastian Tello
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Escuela de Biología, Quito, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Catenacci LS, Ferreira M, Martins LC, De Vleeschouwer KM, Cassano CR, Oliveira LC, Canale G, Deem SL, Tello JS, Parker P, Vasconcelos PFC, Travassos da Rosa ES. Surveillance of Arboviruses in Primates and Sloths in the Atlantic Forest, Bahia, Brazil. ECOHEALTH 2018; 15:777-791. [PMID: 30117001 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-018-1361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
From 2006 through 2014, we conducted seroepidemiological surveys on non-human primates and sloths to investigate the possible circulation of arboviruses in Bahia Atlantic Forest, Brazil. We collected a total of 196 samples from 103 Leontopithecus chrysomelas, 7 Sapajus xanthosternos, 22 Bradypus torquatus and 7 Bradypus variegatus. Serum samples were tested using neutralization test and hemagglutination inhibition test to detect total antibodies against 26 different arboviruses. The overall prevalence of arboviruses was 36.6% (51/139), with the genus Flavivirus having the highest prevalence (33.1%; 46/139), followed by Phlebovirus (5.0%; 7/139), Orthobunyavirus (4.3%; 6/139) and Alphavirus (0.7%; 1/139). Monotypic reactions suggest that the wild animals were exposed naturally to at least twelve arboviruses. Added results from the neutralization test, animals were exposed to thirteen arboviruses. Most of these viruses are maintained in transmission cycles independent of human hosts, although antibodies against dengue virus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 were found in this study. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting exposure to arboviruses in L. chrysomelas, S. xanthosternos and B. torquatus. Our results also highlight that the Southern Bahia Atlantic Forest has a variety of vertebrate hosts and potential vectors, which may support the emergence or re-emergence of arboviruses, including those pathogenic to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L S Catenacci
- Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piaui State, Rod municipal Bom Jesus Viana, BR135, km 1, Bom Jesus, PI, 64900-000, Brazil.
- Virology Graduate Program, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, PA, 67030-000, Brazil.
- Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, 2018, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - M Ferreira
- Virology Graduate Program, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, PA, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - L C Martins
- Virology Graduate Program, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, PA, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - K M De Vleeschouwer
- Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, 2018, Antwerp, Belgium
- Bicho do Mato Instituto de Pesquisa, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30360-082, Brazil
| | - C R Cassano
- State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - L C Oliveira
- Bicho do Mato Instituto de Pesquisa, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30360-082, Brazil
- Faculdade de Formação de Professores, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 24435-005, Brazil
| | - G Canale
- ICNHS/NEBAM, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Campus Sinop, Cuiabá, MT, 78557-000, Brazil
| | - S L Deem
- Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- University of Missouri-St Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - J S Tello
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - P Parker
- University of Missouri-St Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - P F C Vasconcelos
- Virology Graduate Program, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, PA, 67030-000, Brazil
| | - E S Travassos da Rosa
- Virology Graduate Program, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, PA, 67030-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Khan J, Ghaffar A, Khan SA. The changing epidemiological pattern of Dengue in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195706. [PMID: 29689060 PMCID: PMC5916521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pakistan is suffering from dengue fever since 1994. In the country, major dengue outbreaks have been documented in 2010, 2011 and 2013 in Punjab (Lahore) and Sindh (Karachi) Provinces. District Swat was hit for the first time by dengue virus in 2013, claiming 57 deaths and 8000 morbidities. The molecular and entomological aspects along with the ecological and social context of the dengue outbreaks were investigated in this study. Method In addition to entomological survey, the data collected from patients' files (Saidu Sharif Teaching Hospital, Swat) and by directly questioning the patients (field data) was analyzed for epidemiological trends, molecular identification (RT-PCR based serotyping of DENV), clinical profile, socioeconomic status (SES) and demographic features. Results The peak prevalence of dengue was documented in September (56% in 2013, 38% in 2014) and October (33% in 2013, 24% in 2014), whereas in 2015, in October (54.5%) and November (30.5%). The serotype 3 (≤60%) and serotype 2 (≤40%) were found dominant in the area. Among the reported patients (5513), 69% were males and 31% females. Majority of them were found in the age of 14–30 years (52.5%) as compared to 31–60 years (34.5%) (Chi-square: 3219.463, p-value: 0.00). About 63% cases reported in low SES. Among the different categories of government employees affected with dengue, majority (4%) were belonging to health department (Chi-square: 4541.011, p-value: 0.00). Similarly, dengue targeted the dwellers living in multiple-storey houses (65%) as compared to those in the single-storeyed houses (35%) (Chi-square: 495.630, p-value: 0.00). The overall death toll observed was of 57 persons. Dengue prevailed more (38.4%) among low qualified individuals as compared to high qualified (11.5%) (Chi-square: 884.315, p-value: 0.00). Conclusion Our analysis indicated a decrease in the epidemiological trend of dengue (now) in the area, though initially it was observed affecting all types of communities on a larger scale. However, the DENV-2 and DENV-3 were dominantly circulating in the area and the prevalence (with usual peaks in post-monsoon) found high in males, illiterate (less educated) individuals and in those with low SES. Urbanization, infected human travelling, climate change, socioeconomic, sociodemographic as well as the wide range adaptation of vector mosquitoes, altogether, are the important factors playing role in the expansion of dengue. Further studies are needed to determine the association of these variables with the dengue spread in the area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jehangir Khan
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Sun Yat-sen University-Michigan State University Joint Center of Vector Control for Tropical Diseases, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Islamic International University Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Moraes A, Cortelli FC, Miranda TB, Aquino DR, Cortelli JR, Guimarães MIA, Costa FO, Cortelli SC. Transovarial transmission of dengue 1 virus in Aedes aegypti larvae: real-time PCR analysis in a Brazilian city with high mosquito population density. Can J Microbiol 2018; 64:393-400. [PMID: 29505732 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transovarial transmission is among the reported factors able to influence environmental maintenance of dengue virus (DENV). Endemic areas with active transmission of dengue are suitable for studying transovarial transmission. Brazil is a country where dengue is endemic and where DENV-1 is the most common disease-related virus serotype. This study aimed to identify transovarial transmission of DENV-1 in Aedes aegypti larvae by reverse-transcriptase nested real-time polymerase chain reaction. Between March and October 2016, Culicidae larvae were collected using traps in 3 locations in Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil, which has a high occurrence of dengue. The collected larvae were sacrificed in the 3rd or 4th larval stage, classified, and stored at -20 °C. The A. aegypti larvae samples (n = 910) were separated into 91 pools of 10 specimens each from which RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed into cDNA, and analyzed by nested qPCR. None of the pools tested positive for DENV-1. Due to the absence of detectable virus in the evaluated samples, we concluded that transovarial transmission may not be the primary mechanism for maintenance of DENV-1 in this particular environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexsander Moraes
- a Department of Biological Sciences, University of Taubaté, 500 Tiradentes Avenue, Taubaté City, São Paulo 12030-180, Brazil
| | - Filipe C Cortelli
- b Jardim das Nações School, 29/79 Benjamin Constant Street, Taubaté City, São Paulo 12030-170, Brazil
| | - Taís B Miranda
- c Dental School, University of Taubaté, 110 Expedicionário Ernesto Pereira Street, Taubaté City, São Paulo 12020-330, Brazil
| | - Davi R Aquino
- c Dental School, University of Taubaté, 110 Expedicionário Ernesto Pereira Street, Taubaté City, São Paulo 12020-330, Brazil
| | - José R Cortelli
- c Dental School, University of Taubaté, 110 Expedicionário Ernesto Pereira Street, Taubaté City, São Paulo 12020-330, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel A Guimarães
- b Jardim das Nações School, 29/79 Benjamin Constant Street, Taubaté City, São Paulo 12030-170, Brazil
| | - Fernando O Costa
- d Dental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627 Antonio Carlos Avenue, Box 359, Belo Horizonte City, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Sheila C Cortelli
- c Dental School, University of Taubaté, 110 Expedicionário Ernesto Pereira Street, Taubaté City, São Paulo 12020-330, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ferreira-de-Lima VH, Lima-Camara TN. Natural vertical transmission of dengue virus in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: a systematic review. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:77. [PMID: 29391071 PMCID: PMC5793400 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is of great concern in various parts of the world, especially in tropical and subtropical countries where the mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are present. The transmission of this virus to humans, by what is known as horizontal transmission, occurs through the bite of infected females of one or other of the two mosquito species. Furthermore, an infected female or male parent, by what is known as vertical transmission, can transfer this arbovirus to some part of their offspring. Considering that vertical transmission may represent an important strategy for maintaining the circulation of arboviruses in nature, the verification of this phenomenon worldwide is extremely important and necessary to better understand its dynamic. In the present study, we conducted a literature review of the presence of natural vertical transmission of dengue virus in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus worldwide. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, sciELO and Lilacs and all the studies published in Portuguese, English and Spanish were read, evaluated and organized by mosquito species, serotype and the location at which the samples were collected. Forty-two studies were included in accordance with the exclusion criteria and methodology. The presence of natural vertical transmission in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus was most clearly evidenced by dengue virus in endemic countries, especially in those in South America and Asia. Despite several African countries being considered endemic for dengue, there is a lack of publications on this subject on that continent, which highlights the importance of conducting studies there. Furthermore, the finding of natural vertical transmission in Ae. albopictus in countries where this species is not yet incriminated as a vector is of great concern as it demonstrates the circulation of this virus in populations of Ae. albopictus and alerts to the possibility of some other mosquito species playing a role in the transmission dynamics of this arbovirus. Parallel to this, the small number of studies of natural vertical transmission of chikungunya and Zika virus in the world may be explained by the recent entry of these arboviruses into most of the countries concerned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Henrique Ferreira-de-Lima
- Postgraduate Program at Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, Jardim America, São Paulo, SP 05403-000 Brazil
| | - Tamara Nunes Lima-Camara
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 03178-200 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tátila-Ferreira A, Maia DDA, de Abreu FVS, Rodrigues WC, Alencar J. Oviposition behavior of Haemagogus leucocelaenus (Diptera: culicidae), a vector of wild yellow fever in Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e60. [PMID: 28793027 PMCID: PMC5553946 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemagogus leucocelaenus, which is considered a major vector of wild yellow fever, exhibits acrodendrophilic habits and mainly deposits its eggs in treeholes and bamboo internodes. The selection of nursery sites is essential in the life history and reproductive success of mosquitoes. The present work investigated the preferred oviposition height and period of Hg. leucocelaenus in an Atlantic forest area in Rio de Janeiro. Sampling was performed using oviposition traps that were placed on plant material at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 m above the ground, from August 2015 to July 2016. Eggs were more abundant during October and May, and the height of traps placement had no significant effect on the eggs number indicating that Hg. leucocelaenus explores different levels of forest habitats, a behavior that may favor the transmission of pathogens among arboreal animals including primates and humans. The findings of the present study are discussed from an ecological and epidemiological point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Tátila-Ferreira
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Diptera, Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia,
Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Animal, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Aguiar Maia
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Diptera, Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Transmissores e
Hematozoários , Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais , Salinas , Minas Gerais ,
Brazil
| | | | - Jeronimo Alencar
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Diptera, Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Entomologistas do Brasil, EntomoBrasilis, Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wolbachia and dengue virus infection in the mosquito Aedes fluviatilis (Diptera: Culicidae). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181678. [PMID: 28732048 PMCID: PMC5521830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue represents a serious threat to human health, with billions of people living at risk of the disease. Wolbachia pipientis is a bacterial endosymbiont common to many insect species. Wolbachia transinfections in mosquito disease vectors have great value for disease control given the bacterium’s ability to spread into wild mosquito populations, and to interfere with infections of pathogens, such as dengue virus. Aedes fluviatilis is a mosquito with a widespread distribution in Latin America, but its status as a dengue vector has not been clarified. Ae. fluviatilis is also naturally infected by the wFlu Wolbachia strain, which has been demonstrated to enhance infection with the avian malarial parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum. We performed experimental infections of Ae. fluviatilis with DENV-2 and DENV-3 isolates from Brazil via injection or oral feeding to provide insight into its competence for the virus. We also examined the effect of the native Wolbachia infection on the virus using a mosquito line where the wFlu infection had been cleared by antibiotic treatment. Through RT-qPCR, we observed that Ae. fluviatilis could become infected with both viruses via either method of infection, although at a lower rate than Aedes aegypti, the primary dengue vector. We then detected DENV-2 and DENV-3 in the saliva of injected mosquitoes, and observed that injection of DENV-3-infected saliva produced subsequent infections in naïve Ae. aegypti. However, across our data we observed no difference in prevalence of infection and viral load between Wolbachia-infected and -uninfected mosquitoes, suggesting that there is no effect of wFlu on dengue virus. Our results highlight that Ae. fluviatilis could potentially serve as a dengue vector under the right circumstances, although further testing is required to determine if this occurs in the field.
Collapse
|
38
|
Barbosa PP, Guedes DRD, Melo-Santos MAV, Cordeiro MT, Acioli RV, Batista CAV, Gonçalves LSM, Souza MFM, Araújo YV, Magalhães FJR, Regis L, Ayres CFJ. Vector Surveillance for Dengue Virus Detection in the Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:613-619. [PMID: 27067800 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.) has become an efficient vector of important arboviruses due to its anthropophilic and domiciliary behaviors. Since the 1980s, dengue affects thousands of people every year in Brazil; in Fernando de Noronha (FN), a touristic archipelago, dengue cases have occurred since 2001. Once Ae. aegypti populations are well established in the inhabited areas of FN, the threat of dengue or another arbovirus epidemic is continuously imminent. This study aimed to monitor the DENV serotypes in mosquito samples collected in FN, where at least one resident was clinically diagnosed as dengue patient. Entomological surveillance was conducted in 2011 and 2012. Mosquitoes were sorted by sex and location and were stored in pools. DENV detection was performed using polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription (RT-PCR) and the Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag. RNA integrity was checked by RT-PCR using rpL8 primers, and the minimum infection rate (MIR) was calculated. In total, 339 pools were analyzed, and only one was positive (DENV-1) by Multiplex RT-PCR (MIR = 1.53). When considering only pools with RNA integrity, the MIR was 2.92. Using the Platelia kit, the MIR was 9.18 (considering all the pools) and 17.54 (only 140 pools with RNA integrity). Our results showed the importance of a constant entomological surveillance in that area, the need to improve storage and transportation protocols, and an endogenous control in the RT-PCR to avoid false-negative results. Finally, our study indicated that the NS1-Ag detection was the most sensitive method and should be used routinely for DENV surveillance in mosquitoes if the serotype identification is not required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P P Barbosa
- Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ-PE), Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife PE, Brazil (; ; ; ; )
| | - D R D Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ-PE), Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife PE, Brazil (; ; ; ; )
| | - M A V Melo-Santos
- Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ-PE), Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife PE, Brazil (; ; ; ; )
| | - M T Cordeiro
- Departamento de Virologia, Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental - LaViTE, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ-PE), Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife PE, Brazil
| | - R V Acioli
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Pernambuco em Fernando de Noronha (; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - C A V Batista
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Pernambuco em Fernando de Noronha (; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - L S M Gonçalves
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Pernambuco em Fernando de Noronha (; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - M F M Souza
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Pernambuco em Fernando de Noronha (; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - Y V Araújo
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Pernambuco em Fernando de Noronha (; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - F J R Magalhães
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Pernambuco em Fernando de Noronha (; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - L Regis
- Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ-PE), Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife PE, Brazil (; ; ; ; )
| | - C F J Ayres
- Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ-PE), Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife PE, Brazil (; ; ; ; ),
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Khan J, Khan I, Amin I. A Comprehensive Entomological, Serological and Molecular Study of 2013 Dengue Outbreak of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147416. [PMID: 26848847 PMCID: PMC4746065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus play a fundamental role in transmission of dengue virus to humans. A single infected Aedes mosquito is capable to act as a reservoir/amplifier host for dengue virus and may cause epidemics via horizontal and vertical modes of dengue virus (DENV) transmission. The present and future dengue development can be clarified by understanding the elements which help the dissemination of dengue transmission. The current study deals with molecular surveillance of dengue in addition to ecological and social context of 2013 dengue epidemics in Swat, Pakistan. METHODS Herein, we reported dengue vectors surveillance in domestic and peridomistic containers in public and private places in 7 dengue epidemic-prone sites in District Swat, Pakistan from July to November 2013. Using the Flaviviruses genus-specific reverse transcriptase (RT) semi nested-PCR assay, we screened blood samples (N = 500) of dengue positive patients, 150 adult mosquito pools and 25 larval pools. RESULTS The 34 adult and 7 larval mosquito pools were found positive. The adult positive pools comprised 30 pools of Ae. aegypti and 4 pools of Ae. albopictus, while among the 7 larval pools, 5 pools of Ae. aegypti and 2 pools of Ae. albopictus were positive. The detected putative genomes of dengue virus were of DENV-2 (35% in 14 mosquito pools & 39% in serum) and DENV-3 (65% in 27 mosquito pools & 61% in serum). The higher vector density and dengue transmission rate was recorded in July and August (due to favorable conditions for vector growth). About 37% of Ae. aegpti and 34% Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were collected from stagnant water in drums, followed by drinking water tanks (23% & 26%), tires (20% & 18%) and discarded containers (10% & 6%). Among the surveyed areas, Saidu was heavily affected (26%) by dengue followed by Kanju (20% and Landikas (12%). The maximum infection was observed in the age group of <15 (40%) followed by 15-45 (35%) and >45 (25%) years and was more in males (55.3%) as compare to females (44.7%). The increase in vector mosquito density and the subsequent viral transmission was determined by a complex interplay of ecological, biological and social factors. CONCLUSION The suitable environmental conditions and discriminable role of Aedes through trans-ovarial transmission of DENV is indispensable in the recent geographic increase of dengue in Pakistan. Climate change affects the survival and dispersion of vectors as well as the transmission rates of dengue. Control of Aedes mosquitoes (vectors) and elimination of breeding sources must be emphasized and prioritized. Such actions may not only reduce the risk of dengue transmission during epidemics, but also minimize the chances of dengue viruses establishment in new (non endemic) areas of the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jehangir Khan
- Zoology Department, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Bunir Campus, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Inamullah Khan
- Nuclear Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), G.T Road, Tarnab Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ibne Amin
- Zoology Department, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Bunir Campus, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Grunnill M, Boots M. How Important is Vertical Transmission of Dengue Viruses by Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)? JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:1-19. [PMID: 26545718 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vertical transmission of dengue viruses by mosquitoes was discovered at the end of the late 1970s and has been suggested to be a means by which these viruses persist. However, it is unclear how widespread it is in nature, and its importance in the epidemiology of this disease is still debated. Here, we review the literature on vertical transmission and discuss its role in dengue's epidemiology and control. We conclude that given the number of studies that failed to find evidence of vertical transmission, as well as mathematical models and its mechanistic basis, it is unlikely that vertical transmission is important for the epidemiological persistence of dengue viruses. A combination of asymptomatic infection in humans and movement of people are likely to be more important determinants of dengue's persistence. We argue, however, that there may be some need for further research into the prevalence of dengue viruses in desiccated, as well as diapausing, eggs and the role of horizontal transmission through larval cannibalism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grunnill
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Treliever Road, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom ,
| | - Michael Boots
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Serra OP, Cardoso BF, Ribeiro ALM, dos Santos FAL, Slhessarenko RD. Mayaro virus and dengue virus 1 and 4 natural infection in culicids from Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 111:20-9. [PMID: 26784852 PMCID: PMC4727432 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the diversity of Culicidae species and their frequency of infection with flaviviruses and alphaviruses in Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Mosquitoes were captured with Nasci aspirators and hand net in 200 census tracts, identified alive at species level and pooled in one-20 (11,090 mosquitoes, 14 species). Female pools (n = 610) were subjected to multiplex seminested-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for 11 flavivirus and five alphavirus. Positive pools were tested by single RT-PCR followed by nucleotide sequencing, by RT-PCR for E1 gene [Mayaro virus (MAYV)] and by inoculation in Vero cells (MAYV) or C6/36 cells (flaviviruses). One/171 Aedes aegypti was positive for dengue virus (DENV)-1, 12/403 Culex quinquefasciatus, and four/171Ae. aegypti for MAYV, which was isolated from two pools containing two nonengorged females of Ae. aegypti and two of Cx. quinquefasciatus. DENV-4 was detected in 58/171 pools of Ae. aegytpi, 105/403 Cx. quinquefasciatus, two/five Psorophora sp., two/11 Psorophora varipes/Psorophora albigenu, one/one Sabethes chloropterus, two/five Culex bidens/Culex interfor, and one/one Aedes sp. DENV-4 was isolated from two pools containing three and 16 nonengorged Cx. quinquefasciatus females. Phylogenetic analysis revealed MAYV belongs to genotype L, clustering with human samples of the virus previously identified in the city. Cuiabá has biodiversity and ecosystem favourable for vector proliferation, representing a risk for arbovirus outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otacília Pereira Serra
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Centro de Ciências Básicas da Saúde
I, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Cuiabá, MT,
Brasil
| | - Belgath Fernandes Cardoso
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Centro de Ciências Básicas da Saúde
I, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Cuiabá, MT,
Brasil
| | - Ana Lúcia Maria Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Centro de Ciências Básicas da Saúde
I, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Fábio Alexandre Leal dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Centro de Ciências Básicas da Saúde
I, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Cuiabá, MT,
Brasil
| | - Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Centro de Ciências Básicas da Saúde
I, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Virologia, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rey JR. Dengue in Florida (USA). INSECTS 2014; 5:991-1000. [PMID: 26462955 PMCID: PMC4592614 DOI: 10.3390/insects5040991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Florida (USA), particularly the southern portion of the State, is in a precarious situation concerning arboviral diseases. The geographic location, climate, lifestyle, and the volume of travel and commerce are all conducive to arbovirus transmission. During the last decades, imported dengue cases have been regularly recorded in Florida, and the recent re-emergence of dengue as a major public health concern in the Americas has been accompanied by a steady increase in the number of imported cases. In 2009, there were 28 cases of locally transmitted dengue in Key West, and in 2010, 65 cases were reported. Local transmission was also reported in Martin County in 2013 (29 cases), and isolated locally transmitted cases were also reported from other counties in the last five years. Dengue control and prevention in the future will require close cooperation between mosquito control and public health agencies, citizens, community and government agencies, and medical professionals to reduce populations of the vectors and to condition citizens and visitors to take personal protection measures that minimize bites by infected mosquitoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge R Rey
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida-IFAS, 200 9th Street S.E., Vero Beach, FL 32962, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lima-Camara TN, Codeço CT, Honório NA, Bruno RV, Peixoto AA, Lounibos LP. Male accessory gland substances from Aedes albopictus affect the locomotor activity of Aedes aegypti females. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 108 Suppl 1:18-25. [PMID: 24473799 PMCID: PMC4109176 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is one of the world’s most important mosquito-borne diseases and is usually
transmitted by one of two vector species: Aedes aegypti or
Aedes albopictus . These two diurnal mosquitoes are frequently
found coexisting in similar habitats, enabling interactions between adults, such as
cross-mating. The objective of this study was to assess cross-mating between
Ae. aegypti females and Ae. albopictus males
under artificial conditions and evaluate the locomotor activity of Ae.
aegypti virgin females injected with male accessory gland (MAG)
homogenates to infer the physiological and behavioural responses to interspecific
mating. After seven days of exposure, 3.3-16% of Ae. aegypti females
mated with Ae. albopictus males. Virgin Ae. aegypti
females injected with conspecific and heterospecific MAGs showed a general decrease
in locomotor activity compared to controls and were refractory to mating with
conspecific males. The reduction in diurnal locomotor activity induced by injections
of conspecific or heterospecific MAGs is consistent with regulation of female
reproductive activities by male substances, which are capable of sterilising female
Ae. aegypti through satyrisation by Ae.
albopictus .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nildimar Alves Honório
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários
| | - Rafaela Vieira Bruno
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Brasil, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Afranio Peixoto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Brasil, Rio de JaneiroRJ, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Leon Philip Lounibos
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory,, University of Florida, USA, Vero BeachFlorida, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
da Rocha Taranto MF, Pessanha JEM, dos Santos M, dos Santos Pereira Andrade AC, Camargos VN, Alves SN, Di Lorenzo Oliveira C, Taranto AG, dos Santos LL, de Magalhães JC, Kroon EG, Figueiredo LB, Drumond BP, Ferreira JMS. Dengue outbreaks in Divinopolis, south-eastern Brazil and the geographic and climatic distribution of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in 2011-2012. Trop Med Int Health 2014; 20:77-88. [PMID: 25328988 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To entomologically monitor Aedes spp. and correlate the presence of these vectors with the recent epidemic of dengue in Divinopolis, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. METHODS Ovitraps were installed at 44 points in the city, covering six urban areas, from May 2011 to May 2012. After collection, the eggs were incubated until hatching. In the 4th stage of development, the larvae were classified as Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus. RESULTS In total, 25 633 Aedes spp. eggs were collected. February was the month with the highest incidence, with 5635 eggs collected and a hatching rate of 46.7%. Ae. aegypti eggs had the highest hatching rate, at 72.3%, whereas Ae. albopictus eggs had 27.7%. Climate and population density influenced the number of eggs found. Indicators of vector presence were positively correlated with the occurrence of dengue cases. CONCLUSION These data reinforce the need for entomological studies, highlight the relevance of Ae. albopictus as a possible disease vector and demonstrate its adaptation. Ae. albopictus, most commonly found in forested areas, comprised a substantial proportion of the urban mosquito population.
Collapse
|
45
|
Espinosa M, Giamperetti S, Abril M, Seijo A. Vertical transmission of dengue virus in Aedes aegypti collected in Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2014; 56:165-7. [PMID: 24626420 PMCID: PMC4085839 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A finding of vertical transmission of the DEN 3 virus in male specimens of
Aedes aegypti, collected in the 2009 fall-winter period, in
Puerto Iguazú city, Misiones, Argentina, using the RT-PCR technique in a 15-specimen
pool is reported. This result is analyzed within the context of the epidemiological
situation of Argentina's northeast border.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Espinosa
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Fundación Mundo Sano. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Giamperetti
- Servicio de Zoonosis, Hospital F.J. Muñiz, GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Servicio de Zoonosis, Hospital F.J. Muñiz, GCBA. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Abril
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Fundación Mundo Sano. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Seijo
- Servicio de Zoonosis, Hospital F.J. Muñiz, GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Servicio de Zoonosis, Hospital F.J. Muñiz, GCBA. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
BUCKNER EVAA, ALTO BARRYW, LOUNIBOS LPHILIP. Vertical transmission of Key West dengue-1 virus by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes from Florida. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 50:1291-7. [PMID: 24843934 PMCID: PMC4031614 DOI: 10.1603/me13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the 2009 and 2010 dengue-1 (DENV-1) outbreaks in Key West, FL, we used Florida Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes and DENV-1 isolated from Key West in 2010 to test the hypothesis that if the 2009 and 2010 DENV-1 genome sequences are similar, then vertical transmission of DENV-1 from infected Ae. aegypti female mosquitoes to their eggs could have served as an interepidemic reservoir between outbreaks. We also investigated the ability of Florida Aedes albopictus (Skuse) mosquitoes to vertically transmit DENV-1. In addition, we determined the rates of infection and dissemination of these Florida mosquito species for DENV-1 and the effect of DENV-1 infection on oviposition success and number of mosquito eggs laid by females. Vertical transmission of DENV-1 was documented, with rates of 11.11% (2 out of 18) for Ae. albopictus and 8.33% (3 out of 36) for Ae. aegypti. Approximately 93% (111 out of 119) of Ae. aegypti that fed on DENV-1 in blood became infected, and 80% (89 out of 111) of infections were disseminated. Similarly, 93% of Ae. albopictus became infected (53 out of 57), and 85% (45 out of 53) of infections were disseminated. No significant differences were detected in numbers of eggs laid by either species after imbibing DENV-1 in blood, suggesting little cost of infection on number of eggs laid. Our results demonstrate that Florida Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes are competent vectors for DENV-1, whose maintenance between the 2009 and 2010 Key West outbreaks may have been facilitated by vertical transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- EVA A. BUCKNER
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th St. SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962
- Corresponding author,
| | - BARRY W. ALTO
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th St. SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962
| | - L. PHILIP LOUNIBOS
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 200 9th St. SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Figueiredo RMPD, Mourão MPG, Abi-Abib YEC, Oliveira CMD, Roque R, Azara TD, Ohly J, Degener C, Geier M, Eiras AE. Identification of dengue viruses in naturally infected Aedes aegypti females captured with BioGents (BG)-Sentinel traps in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2013; 46:221-2. [PMID: 23740064 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-1096-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Manaus, the first autochthonous cases of dengue fever were registered in 1998. Since then, dengue cases were diagnosed by the isolation of viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4. METHODS One hundred eighty-seven mosquitoes were collected with BioGents (BG)-Sentinel traps in 15 urban residential areas in the Northern Zone of Manaus and processed by molecular tests. RESULTS Infections with dengue viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4 and a case of co-infection with dengue viruses 2 and 3 were identified. CONCLUSIONS These findings corroborate the detection of dengue in clinical samples and reinforce the need for epidemiological surveillance by the Health authorities.
Collapse
|
48
|
Kumar NP, Jayakumar PR, George K, Kamaraj T, Krishnamoorthy K, Sabesan S, Jambulingam P. Genetic characterization of dengue viruses prevalent in Kerala State, India. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:545-552. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.052696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. Pradeep Kumar
- Vector Control Research Centre Field Station (ICMR), Kottayam 686 002, Kerala, India
| | - P. R. Jayakumar
- Government District Hospital, Kottayam 686 002, Kerala, India
| | - Kochurani George
- Vector Control Research Centre Field Station (ICMR), Kottayam 686 002, Kerala, India
| | - T. Kamaraj
- Kerala State Institute of Virology and Infectious Diseases, Alappuzha, Kerala, India
| | | | - S. Sabesan
- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Puducherry 605 006, India
| | - P. Jambulingam
- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Puducherry 605 006, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Figueiredo MLGD, Alfonso HL, Amarilla AA, Figueiredo LTM, Aquino VH, Costa CAD, Luz SLB. Detection of DENV-4 genotype I from mosquitoes collected in the city of Manaus, Brazil. Virol J 2013; 10:60. [PMID: 23421733 PMCID: PMC3599326 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue epidemics have been reported in Brazil since 1981. In Manaus, a large city in the Amazon region, dengue is endemic with all four-virus serotypes (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4) simultaneously causing human disease. In 2008, during a surveillance of dengue virus in mosquitoes in the district of Tancredo Neves in Manaus, 260 mosquitoes of Aedes genus were captured, identified and grouped into pools of 10 mosquitoes. Findings RNA extracts of mosquito pools were tested by a RT-Hemi-Nested-PCR for detection of flaviviruses. One amplicon of 222 bp, compatible with dengue virus serotype 4, was obtained from a pool of Aedes aegypti. The nucleotide sequence of the amplicon indicated that the mosquitoes were infected with DENV-4 of genotype I. This virus of Asian origin has been described in Manaus in 2008 infecting acute febrile illness patients. Conclusion This is the first report of dengue virus serotype 4 genotype I infecting Aedes aegypti in the Americas.
Collapse
|
50
|
Martins VEP, Alencar CH, Kamimura MT, Kamimura MT, de Carvalho Araújo FM, De Simone SG, Dutra RF, Guedes MIF. Occurrence of natural vertical transmission of dengue-2 and dengue-3 viruses in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41386. [PMID: 22848479 PMCID: PMC3405123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus perform an important role in the transmission of the dengue virus to human populations, particularly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Despite a lack of understanding in relation to the maintenance of the dengue virus in nature during interepidemic periods, the vertical transmission of the dengue virus in populations of A. aegypti and A. albopictus appears to be of significance in relation to the urban scenario of Fortaleza. METHODS From March 2007 to July 2009 collections of larvae and pupae of Aedes spp were carried out in 40 neighborhoods of Fortaleza. The collections yielded 3,417 (91%) A. aegypti mosquitoes and 336 (9%) A. albopictus mosquitoes. Only pools containing females, randomly chosen, were submitted to the following tests indirect immunofluorescence (virus isolation), RT-PCR/nested-PCR and nucleotide sequencing at the C-prM junction of the dengue virus genome. RESULTS The tests on pool 34 (35 A. albopictus mosquitoes) revealed with presence of DENV-3, pool 35 (50 A. aegypti mosquitoes) was found to be infected with DENV-2, while pool 49 (41 A. albopictus mosquitoes) revealed the simultaneous presence of DENV-2 and DENV-3. Based on the results obtained, there was a minimum infection rate of 0.5 for A. aegypti and 9.4 for A. albopictus. The fragments of 192 bp and 152 bp related to DENV-3, obtained from pools 34 and 49, was registered in GenBank with the access codes HM130699 and JF261696, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study recorded the first natural evidence of the vertical transmission of the dengue virus in populations of A. aegypti and A. albopictus collected in Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil, opening a discuss on the epidemiological significance of this mechanism of viral transmission in the local scenario, particularly with respect to the maintenance of these viruses in nature during interepidemic periods.
Collapse
|